Latest release

Census of Population and Housing: Census dictionary

Detailed information about Census variables, concepts and terms.

Reference period
2021
15/10/2021

Introduction

The 2021 Census dictionary contains detailed information about Census variables and concepts. The dictionary helps data users better understand and interpret Census data.

The main sections of the dictionary include:

  • What’s new for 2021 - summary of changes to classifications, Census variables and Census questions since 2016. Lists new variables for 2021.
  • Variables index - alphabetical list of all variables. Variables can be selected to see more details.
  • Variables by topic - helps users find variables based on topic group. Variables can be selected to see more details.
  • Glossary - terms and definitions to assist data users gain a broader understanding of the Census and Census topics.

About Census variables

Information collected through the Census questions become data, which is output through variables. The Census dictionary details each variable and contains information on:

  • Variable definition
  • Scope (the population that the variable is applicable to)
  • Categories
  • How the variable is created
  • Questions on the Census form related to the variable
  • History and changes
  • Data use considerations (including non-response rates)
  • Related variables and glossary terms
  • Useful links

Census data is available through a suite of standard products, or as data customised for individual user requirements. This reference material should be used in conjunction with Census data.

What's new for 2021

Classifications

Census uses the current Australian standard classifications where applicable to ensure Census data is comparable and compatible with previous censuses and other ABS data. These classifications are reviewed on an irregular basis to reflect changes in the Australian society. Several changes have occurred to these classifications since 2016.

Changes to classifications

Classification

Impacted variables

Change

Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups, 2019 (ASCCEG)

  • Ancestry multi response (ANCP),
  • Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P),
  • Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P)

'1105 - Norfolk Islander' has been added to the classification.

Standard Australian Classification of Countries, 2016 (SACC)

  • Country of birth of person (BPLP)
  • Country of birth of father (BPMP)
  • Country of birth of mother (BPFP)
  • 3302 'Czech Republic' changed to 'Czechia'
  • 9226 'Swaziland' changed to 'Eswatini'
  • 3206 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' has been updated to 'North Macedonia'
  • 2402 spelling of 'Faeroe Islands' has been updated to 'Faroe Islands'

Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2013 v1.3 (ANZSCO)

  • Occupation (OCCP)
  • Occupation skill level (OCSKP)

Minor changes to the classification mainly related to skill levels from 2016.

Variables

The following tables outline:

  • New variables - there are 56 new variables for 2021. Most of these are derived from the new questions on long-term health conditions and service in the Australian Defence Force.
  • Changed variables - changes to questions, standards and classifications can affect how the data is output. This table describes key changes to variables from 2016 to 2021. 
  • Removed variables - details the three variables that were removed for 2021.

New variables

 

Variable

Mnemonic

Description of change

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator

INGF

This variable indicates families that have at least one person who identified as being Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander who is a usual resident of that dwelling and was present on Census night.

Ancestry one or two response indicator

ANCRP

This variable records whether a person provides one or two responses to the ancestry question, which asks 'What is the person's ancestry?'. Up to two ancestries only are recorded.

Australian Defence Force service

ADFP

This variable describes whether a person is currently serving, has previously served, or has never served in the Australian Defence Force.

This variable does not capture people who have served in non-Australian defence forces.

Australian Defence Force service, detailed

ADCP

This variable describes how a person responded to the Defence Force Service question. It provides a detailed breakdown of the various valid combinations that a person could mark on the form.

Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household

CALTHD

This variable counts the number of adults aged 15 years and over in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions.

Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household

CCLTHD

This variable counts the number of children under 15 years of age in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions.

Count of dependent children under 15 in family

CDCUF

This variable counts the number of dependent children under 15 years of age in the family. It includes up to three dependent children aged under 15 years who were temporarily absent from the household on Census night. This variable is related to the Count of Dependent Children Under 15 Temporarily Absent (CDCAF). 

Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family

CDSF

This variable counts the number of dependent students (15-24 years old) in the family. It includes up to three dependent students aged 15-24 years who were temporarily absent from the household on Census night. This variable is related to the Count of Dependent Students (15-24 years) Temporarily Absent (CDSAF).

Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household

CPLTHD

This variable counts the number of people in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions.

Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges)

CPLTHRD

This variable counts the number of people in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions and is output in ranges.

Count of selected long-term health conditions

CLTHP

This variable describes the number of selected long-term health conditions a person has. The selected long-term health conditions are arthritis, asthma, cancer, dementia, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, lung conditions, mental health condition and stroke. Other long-term health condition(s) are not included in the count.

Main source of family income (administrative data)

FSAF This variable indicates the main source of income that a family received. This is based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of family members aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

Main source of household income (administrative data)

HSAD This variable indicates the main source of income that a household received. This is based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

Main source of personal income (administrative data)

ISAP This variable indicates the main source of income that a person received based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year. 

Main type of family government benefit payment (administrative data)

FGAF This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a family received. This is based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of family members aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night.

Main type of household government benefit payment (administrative data)

HGAD This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a household received. This is based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

Main type of personal government benefit payment (administrative data)

IGAP This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a person received based all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year.

Mortgage affordability indicator

MAID

This variable indicates the number of households where mortgage repayments were 'less than or equal to 30%' or 'more than 30%' of an imputed household income.

Occupation experimental update version 1 OCCEV1P This variable describes the primary job or occupation held by employed people in the week prior to Census Night. It has been created based on the ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 and represents the 2021 Australian update. 
 

Occupation skill level

OCSKP

This variable describes the occupation skill level of persons. Skill level is determined using the person’s occupation (see OCCP).

Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 OCSKEV1P

This variable describes the occupation skill level of persons. It has been created based on the ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 and represents the 2021 Australian update. 

Parent indicator

FPIP

This variable records the usually resident parent in a family household. It identifies parents of children in family households, provided the parent and child were counted in the same family on Census Night, or reported as temporarily absent on Census Night.

People with or working towards a non-school qualification

WTNSQP

This variable indicates whether a person has a non-school qualification, is working towards a non-school qualification or both. This is derived from Census measures of Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP) and Type of educational institution attending (TYPP).

Rent affordability indicator

RAID

This variable indicates the number of households where rent payments were 'less than or equal to 30%' or 'More than 30%' of an imputed household income.

Spouse/partner indicator

SPIP

This variable records the usually resident husband, wife or de facto partner in a couple family. It identifies the spouse or partner of each family reference person counted in the same family on Census Night or reported as temporarily absent on Census Night. The couple may be in a registered or de facto marriage.

Total family income (administrative data) (weekly)

FINAF This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each family member aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This excludes families where one or more family members aged 15 years and over did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night.

Total family income as available (administrative data) (weekly)

FIAASF This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each family member aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This includes families where one or more family members did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night.  

Total household income (administrative data) (weekly)

HINAD This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each resident aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This excludes households where one or more resident did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

Total household income as available (administrative data) (weekly)

HIAASD This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each resident aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This includes households where one or more residents did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly)

INCAP This variable indicates the total weekly income (in ranges) that a person received, based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year. 

Type of long-term health condition

LTHP

This variable records the type of selected long-term health condition(s) a person has reported. Respondents can record multiple long-term health conditions.

Whether has arthritis

HARTP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have arthritis.

Whether has arthritis and asthma

COARASP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both arthritis and asthma.

Whether has arthritis and diabetes

COARDBP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both arthritis and diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes).

Whether has arthritis and heart disease

COARHDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both arthritis and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

Whether has arthritis and mental health condition

COARMHP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both arthritis and a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety).

Whether has asthma

HASTP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have asthma.

Whether has asthma and heart disease

COASHDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both asthma and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

Whether has asthma and lung condition

COASLCP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both asthma and a lung condition (including COPD or emphysema).

Whether has cancer (including remission)

HCANP

Describes whether a person reported that they have cancer (including cancer that is in remission).

Whether has cancer and heart disease

COCNHDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both cancer (including cancer that is in remission) and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

Whether has dementia (including Alzheimer's)

HDEMP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have dementia (including Alzheimer's).

Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)

HDIAP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes).

Whether has diabetes and heart disease

CODBHDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

Whether has diabetes and kidney disease

CODBKDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) and kidney disease.

Whether has had a stroke

HSTRP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have a had a stroke.

Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina)

HHEDP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

Whether has heart disease and kidney disease

COHDKDP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) and kidney disease

Whether has heart disease and a mental health condition

COHDMHP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both heart disease (including heart attack or angina) and a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety).

Whether has kidney disease

HKIDP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have kidney disease.

Whether has a lung condition (including COPD and emphysema)

HLUNP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have a lung condition (including COPD and emphysema).

Whether has a lung condition and mental health condition

COLCMHP

This comorbidity variable describes whether a person reported having both a lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) and a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety).

Whether has a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)

HMHCP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety).

Whether has one or more long-term health condition(s)

HLTHP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have one or more long-term health conditions or whether they reported they did not have any long-term health conditions.

Whether has other long-term health condition(s)

HOLHP

This variable describes whether a person reported that they have one or more long-term health conditions other than arthritis, asthma, cancer, dementia, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, a lung condition, a mental health condition or a stroke.

Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home

LNGP

This variable records whether a person uses an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Language at home. This is derived from the Census variable Language used at home (LANP), which is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Languages (ASCL), 2016.

Changed variables

 

Variable

Mnemonic

Description of change

Age

AGEP

Update to question wording:
2016: 'What is the person's date of birth or age?'
2021: 'What is the person's date of birth and age?'

The online form has been changed to primarily ask for date of birth (DOB). If the DOB is not known the respondent is presented with a check box so that they can enter the person’s age.

Ancestry 1st response

ANC1P

See Ancestry multi response (ANCP) for details on changes to the ancestry question and classification.

Ancestry 2nd response

ANC2P

See Ancestry multi response (ANCP) for details on changes to the ancestry question and classification.

Ancestry multi response

ANCP

For 2021, Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups, 2019 (ASCCEG) was used. In 2016, the ASCCEG, 2016 was used. Norfolk Islander (code 1105), was added in the updated classification to capture an ancestry reported by Norfolk Island residents following Norfolk Island’s inclusion in the Australian Census of Population and Housing for the first time in 2016.

Response categories of ‘Aboriginal’ and ‘Torres Strait Islander’ were added to the question. For people who completed the Census online and who identified as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person, these new response categories were displayed at the top of the list.

The ‘other ancestries’ provided as examples in the instructional text have been updated.

The order of the response categories has also been updated based on frequency of reporting in the 2016 Census results, with the exception of 'Australian'. As with previous censuses, 'Australian' is placed as the last option for selection (prior to the text entry boxes for 'Other ancestry/s') to encourage reporting of non-Australian ancestries where relevant.

Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification

C3SP

‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate II or higher

YR12C2P

‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate III or higher

YR12C3P

‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Australian citizenship

CITP

The output categories have been updated to include the word 'citizen'. This aligns with the Australian Citizenship Standard

Community Development Program participation CDPP The spelling of the variable name and categories has been updated from 'programme' to 'program'. 

Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent

CDCAF

Variable name updated to add 'in family' in the title to better reflect the scope.

Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent

CDSAF

Variable name updated to add 'in family' in the title to better reflect the scope.

Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent

CNDAF

Variable name updated to add 'in family' in the title to better reflect the scope.

Country of birth of father

BPMP

See Country of birth of person (BPLP) for details on classification changes.

Instructions have been added to the country of birth of father question to provide guidance on situations where the birth parent is unknown and there is a second parent, or the person has same-sex parents.

Country of birth of mother

BPFP

See Country of birth of person (BPLP) for details on classification changes.

Instructions have been added to the country of birth of mother question to provide guidance on situations where the birth parent is unknown and there is a second parent, or the person has same-sex parents.

Country of birth of person

BPLP

There have been updates to the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016 since the last Census:

  • 'Czech Republic' has been changed to 'Czechia'
  • 'Swaziland' has been changed to 'Eswatini'
  • 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' has been changed to 'North Macedonia'
  • The spelling of 'Faeroe Islands' has been changed to 'Faroe Islands'

The response categories order has also been changed to reflect the most common answers from the 2016 Census. Although China is a country with in which a large proportion of Australia's population were born, China does not have a response category on the form. This is to allow people to write in China, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan.  

Dwelling structure

STRD

Additional categories have been added to reflect changes to the question response options to align with changes to the ABS housing standard for dwelling structure. ‘In a four or more storey block’ has been split into two categories:

  • 'In a four to eight storey block’ and
  • ‘In a nine or more storey block’

There have also been changes to definitions for 'Separate house' and 'Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse, etc.', removing the requirement that adjacent dwellings must be separated from one another by more than half a metre to be considered separate.

Educational institution: attendee status

TYSTAP

Code numbers have been updated to align better with the Type of educational institution attending (TYPP) variable. Category names have been updated to reflect changes to the question wording (see TYPP). Categories 61-65 have been added to capture people who stated they were attending a Tertiary institution but did not specify whether it was 'Vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers)' or 'University or other higher education'.

Employment flag

EMFP

‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Engagement in employment, education and training

EETP

The variable has been expanded to include a more detailed breakdown of categories at a two-digit level for 'Fully engaged' and 'Partially engaged'. This is required for several national reporting measures and allows for more complex analysis.

Equivalised total household income (weekly)

HIED

An additional income range has been added to reflect changes to the personal income question response options. '$3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)' has been added. This change accounts for higher income ranges.

Hours worked (ranges)

HRWRP

The output categories for this variable have been updated to align with the updated Standards for Labour Force Statistics, 2018. There are now more categories available.  

Household five year mobility indicator

MV5D

Reference year has been updated for 2021 in the definition. Updated category labels to improve interpretability. In 2016 they were labelled 'changed address during the last five years' and 'over five years'. This is confusing as the question directly asks: "Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?". It does not provide information over or during five years, but a point in time.

Household one year mobility indicator

MV1D

Reference year has been updated for 2021 in the definition. 'Not stated' category has changed to 'At least one resident did not state an address one year ago' to better reflect the scope. 

Labour force participation flag

LFFP

‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Landlord type

LLDD

The output categories have been updated to reflect changes to the question response options and order.

  • '60 Housing co-operative/community/church group' has been changed to '21 Community housing provider'
  • '40 Residential park (includes caravan parks and marinas)' has been changed to '40 Owner/manager of a residential park (includes caravan parks and manufactured home estates'
  • '51 Employer - Government (including Defence Housing Authority)’ has been changed to '51 Employer - Government (including Defence Housing Australia)'

Additional instructional text has been added for the 'Community housing provider' category and the response category order changed to place this category closer to the top.

These changes to the category names and order of categories align with the ABS housing standards

Language used at home

LANP

The variable name has been updated from Language spoken at home to Language used at home. This reflects changes to how the language question is asked. For 2021 the question asks, 'Does the person use a language other than English at home?'

This question is now more relevant for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. An enhancement to the online form presents a check box for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language for those respondents who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the Indigenous status question. To improve the data collected on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, the person will also have the option of providing a specific language if they wish.

The response categories order has changed based on the most common answers from the 2016 Census.

Level of highest educational attainment HEAP Undergraduate certificates are a new qualification and will be coded to category '420 Diploma level, nfd'. In previous censuses, nothing has been coded to this category. See also Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP).
Level of workforce participation survey comparison flag SVFP

The category label 'In scope of NIRA level of workforce participation survey comparison population' has changed to 'In scope of national reporting level of workforce participation survey comparison population'.

Method of travel to work

MTWP

Updated category names to reflect question wording changes on the form:

  • 'Taxi' has been changed to 'Taxi/ride-share service'
  • 'Tram' has been changed to 'Tram/light rail'

Method of travel to work (15 travel modes)

MTW15P

 Updated category names to reflect question wording changes on the form:

  • 'Taxi' has been changed to 'Taxi/ride-share service'
  • 'Tram' has been changed to 'Tram/light rail'

A supplementary code was added for 'Overseas visitors'. 

Method of travel to work (6 travel modes)

MTW06P

 The category label 'Mode not stated' has changed to 'Not stated'. 

A supplementary code was added for 'Overseas visitors'. 

Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges

MRERD

The category range of '$2,600 to $2,999' has been split into two:

  • 16 $2,600 - $2,799
  • 17 $2,800 - $2,999

Similarly, the next category range of '$3,000 -$3,999' was divided in two:

  • 18 $3,000 - $3,499
  • 19 $3,500 - $3,999

This change increases the number of ranges to better describe the distribution of current mortgage repayments.

Non-school qualification: field of study

QALFP

There are minor instructional changes to the main field of study question to provide guidance for people with double degrees.

Non-school qualification: level of education

QALLP

Undergraduate certificates are a new qualification and have been coded to category '420 Diploma Level, nfd'. In previous Censuses, nothing has been coded to this category. The Coding index was updated for the 2021 Census.

Number of bedrooms in private dwelling

BEDD

The category label 'None (includes bedsitters)' has been changed to 'None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)' to reflect changes to the question response options.

Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges)

BEDRD

The category label 'None (includes bedsitters)' has been changed to 'None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)' to reflect changes to the question response options.

Number of motor vehicles

VEHD

For 2021, heavy vehicles have been specifically excluded from the definition of motor vehicles. In 2016, only motorbikes and scooters were excluded. This was changed to reflect changes to the question instructions.

Number of motor vehicles (ranges)

VEHRD

For 2021, heavy vehicles have been specifically excluded from the definition of motor vehicles. In 2016, only motorbikes and scooters were excluded. This was changed to reflect changes to the question instructions.

Occupation

OCCP

In 2016 the Australian and New Zealand Classification of Occupations, 2013 (ANZSCO), version 1.2 was used. For 2021, the updated version ANZSCO version 1.3 will be used. Most changes are related to skill level however there are some title changes. See the classification for details.

Amendments to improve existing targeted supplementary questions for some industry/occupation topics were made on the online form. Refer to downloads section for the targeted supplementary questions and related trigger words.

Occupation (six digit level)

OCC06P

See Occupation (OCCP) above for details of changes to the Australian and New Zealand Classification of Occupations, 2013 (ANZSCO).

Place of usual residence five years ago

PUR5P

Supplementary code labels have been update to better reflect the scope:
• 'Undefined State' has changed to 'State/Territory nfd'
• 'Undefined Capital City' has changed to 'Capital City nfd'

These not further defined (nfd) supplementary codes are used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form, but has given enough information to allow coding to a State/Territory or Capital City. 

Place of usual residence one year ago

PUR1P

Supplementary code labels have been update to better reflect the scope:
• 'Undefined State' has changed to 'State/Territory nfd'
• 'Undefined Capital City' has changed to 'Capital City nfd'

These not further defined (nfd) supplementary codes are used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form, but has given enough information to allow coding to a State/Territory or Capital City. 

Place of usual residence

PURP

Additional instructional text was added to the online form to assist respondents with no fixed address.

Proficiency in spoken English

ENGLP

The variable name was changed from Proficiency in spoken English/language to Proficiency in spoken English.

In 2016, there was another variable called Proficiency in spoken English (ENGP), but this has been removed for 2021 to avoid confusion between the two variables. The same data is available in this variable.

Registered marital status

MSTP

Registered marriages include same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling same-sex couples to legally marry.

Output categories will remain the same.

Relationship as reported for couples RLCP

Two category labels have been changed:

  • Category 1 - 'Husband or wife as reported, opposite-sex couple' has changed to 'Husband, wife or partner as reported, opposite-sex couple'
  • Category 3 - 'Husband or wife as reported, same-sex couple' has changed to 'Husband, wife or partner as reported, same-sex couple'

Relationship in household

RLHP

Registered marriages include same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling same-sex couples to legally marry. The category '11 Registered marriage' has been replaced with three categories:

  • '12 In a registered marriage, opposite-sex couple'
  • '13 In a registered marriage, male same-sex couple'
  • '14 In a registered marriage, female same-sex couple'

Religious affiliation

RELP

The response order on the question has been changed based on common answers from the 2016 Census.

Changes have been made to the ‘other’ examples given in the question instructions.

Rent (weekly) dollar values

RNTD

The applicability has changed so that now dwellings with the Tenure type of 'Occupied rent-free' are included in the 'Not applicable' category. This means that category '0000 Nil payments' will be removed. This change aligns with the ABS housing standards.

Rent (weekly) ranges

RNTRD

To better reflect the distribution of data, the $450-$549 range (category 18) has been split into $25 intervals being:

  • '18 $450-$474'
  • '19 $475-$499'
  • '20 $500-$524'
  • '21 $525-$549'

The applicability has changed so that now dwellings with the Tenure type of 'Occupied rent-free' are included in the 'Not applicable' category. This means that '0 Nil payments' category will be removed. This change aligns with the ABS housing standards.

Same-sex couple indicator

SSCF

For 2021 this will now include same-sex marriages. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling same-sex couples to legally marry. The output categories will remain the same.

Sex

SEXP

The 2021 Census paper form and online form both include three response options: male; female; and non-binary sex. The online form also includes an optional write in response when non-binary sex is selected. For data releases, the ABS will continue to report sex with the binary options of male and female in most outputs. Analysis of non-binary sex responses will be reported in a feature article.

Social marital status

MDCP

Registered marriages include same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling same-sex couples to legally marry.

Processing business rules were changed, as this deals with relationships between people in the same household.
Output categories will remain the same.

Tenure and landlord type

TENLLD

There has been a one change to a category label and a minor order change:

  • 'Rented: Housing co-operative, community or church group' changed to 'Rented: Community housing provider' and moved from category 6 to category 5.
  • 'Rented: Person not in same household' moved from category 5 to category 6.

There has also been a change to the scope of '9 Other tenure type' category. For 2021, 'Other tenure type' includes houses being occupied rent-free. In previous Censuses, dwellings being occupied rent-free were included in the rented categories (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).

These changes aligns with the ABS housing standards.

Tenure type

TEND

Minor changes to category labels have been made.

  • Category 3 - 'Being purchased under a shared equity scheme' changed to 'Purchased under a shared equity scheme'
  • Category 5 - 'Being occupied rent-free' changed to 'Occupied rent-free'
  • Category 6 - 'Being occupied under a life tenure scheme' changed to 'Occupied under a life tenure scheme'
  • Category 7 - 'Other tenure type' changed to 'Other'

Total personal income (weekly)

INCP

An additional income range has been added to reflect changes to the personal income question options. '15 $3,000 or more ($156,000) has been split into two:

  • '15 $3,000-$3499 ($156,000-$181,999)' 
  • '16 $3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)'

This change accounts for higher income ranges.

Type of education institution attending

TYPP

In the online Census form, education institution is now two questions instead of one to make it easier for respondents to find the correct type of institution.

The output categories have been changed to reflect the question wording changes.

  • 'Infants' has been removed from the primary categories
  • 'Technical or Further Educational Institution (including TAFE Colleges)' has been changed to 'Tertiary - Vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers)'
  • 'University or other Tertiary Institution' has been changed to 'Tertiary - University or other higher education'

Primary, secondary and tertiary not further defined fields have been added (categories 29, 39, 49) as this question is in two parts on the online form. The not further defined fields will get populated when a person only answers if they are attending an institution but does not specify the type, e.g. Catholic.

In addition, to emphasise that respondents should include attendance at preschool, the question wording in the online form has changed for people in the household under the age of six. The question asks ‘Is the person attending a preschool, school or other education institution?’.

Unemployment flag

UEFP

Overseas visitor separated out from the @ Not applicable category, so it has its own category.

Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, a long-term health condition or due to old age

UNCAREP

Variable name updated to better reflect the scope. In 2016, this variable was called Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability.

Usual address five years ago indicator

UAI5P

Descriptors with years have been updated for 2021. Update to instructional text, to better capture couch surfing:
'For persons who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), write 'NONE' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box.'

Usual address indicator Census night

UAICP

Categories with years have been updated for 2021.

Usual address one year ago indicator

UAI1P

Categories with years have been updated for 2021.

Year of arrival in Australia

YARP

All categories have been updated from 1900 to 2016 singly to 1905 to 2021 singly.

Year of arrival in Australia (ranges)

YARRP

Categories ranges have been updated, ranges used to start from 1900 and go up to 9 August 2016. For 2021 they start from 1905 and go up to 10 August 2021.

Removed variables

 

Variable

Mnemonic

Description of change

Proficiency in spoken English

ENGP

Removed due to confusion with the ENGLP variable. Users can access the same data from ENGLP which has been renamed 'Proficiency in Spoken English'.

Dwelling internet connection

NEDD

The question on dwelling internet connection was not asked in the 2021 Census. Consultation suggested that with the growth in internet access outside of the home on mobile and other devices and the fast pace of technological change, the collection of data on household internet access in the Census now has less relevance.

Supported accommodation flag SAFD SAFD has been removed from the 2021 Census. This variable has not been released due to the sensitive nature of some supported accommodation types. 

Variables index

Mnemonic  Variable  Topic Release  
ADCP Australian Defence Force service, detailed Service with the Australian Defence Force June 2022 New
ADFP Australian Defence Force service Service with the Australian Defence Force June 2022 New
AGE10P Age in ten year groups Population June 2022
AGE5P Age in five year groups Population June 2022
AGEP Age Population June 2022
ANC1P Ancestry 1st response  Cultural diversity  June 2022
ANC2P Ancestry 2nd response  Cultural diversity  June 2022
ANCP Ancestry multi response Cultural diversity June 2022
ANCRP Ancestry one or two response indicator Cultural diversity June 2022 New
ASSNP Core activity need for assistance Disability and carers June 2022
BEDD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling  Housing June 2022
BEDRD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges)  Housing  June 2022
BPFP Country of birth of mother Cultural diversity June 2022
BPLP Country of birth of person Cultural diversity June 2022
BPMP Country of birth of father Cultural diversity June 2022
BPPP Country of birth of parents Cultural diversity June 2022
C3SP Attainment of certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification National reporting October 2022
CACF Count of all children in family Household and families June 2022
CALTHD Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household Health June 2022 New
CCLTHD Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household Health June 2022 New
CDCAF Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent Household and families June 2022
CDCF Count of dependent children in family Household and families June 2022
CDCUF Count of dependent children under 15 in family Household and families June 2022 New
CDPP Community Development Program participation Income and work  October 2022
CDSAF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent Household and families June 2022
CDSF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family Household and families June 2022 New
CHCAREP Unpaid child care Unpaid work and care June 2022
CITP Australian citizenship Cultural diversity June 2022
CLTHP Count of selected long-term health conditions Health June 2022 New
CNDAF Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent Household and families June 2022
CNDCF Count of non-dependent children in family Household and families June 2022
COARASP Whether has arthritis and asthma Health June 2022 New
COARDBP Whether has arthritis and diabetes Health June 2022 New
COARHDP Whether has arthritis and heart disease Health June 2022 New
COARMHP Whether has arthritis and mental health condition Health June 2022 New
COASHDP Whether has asthma and heart disease Health June 2022 New
COASLCP Whether has asthma and lung condition Health June 2022 New
COCNHDP Whether has cancer and heart disease Health June 2022 New
CODBHDP Whether has diabetes and heart disease Health June 2022 New
CODBKDP Whether has diabetes and kidney disease Health June 2022 New
COHDKDP Whether has heart disease and kidney disease Health June 2022 New
COHDMHP Whether has heart disease and mental health condition Health June 2022 New
COLCMHP Whether has lung condition and mental health condition Health June 2022 New
CPAD Count of persons temporarily absent from household Household and families June 2022
CPAF Count of persons temporarily absent from family Household and families June 2022
CPLTHD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household Health June 2022 New
CPLTHRD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) Health June 2022 New
CPRF Count of persons in family Household and families June 2022
CTGP Child type (including grandchildren) Household and families June 2022
CTPP Child type Household and families June 2022
DLOD Dwelling location Housing June 2022
DOMP Unpaid domestic work: number of hours Unpaid work and care June 2022
DTWP  Distance to work (ranges) Transport April 2023
DWIP Dwelling type indicator for persons Housing April 2023
DWTD Dwelling type Housing June 2022
EETP Engagement in employment, education and training Education and training October 2022
EMFP Employment flag National reporting October 2022
EMPP Number of employees Income and work October 2022
ENGLP Proficiency in spoken English Cultural diversity June 2022
FBLF Family blending Household and families June 2022
FGAF Main type of family government benefit payment (administrative data) Income and work April 2023 New
FIAASF Total family income as available (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
FIDF Family income derivation indicator Income and work June 2022
FINAF Total family income (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
FINASF Total family income as stated (weekly) Income and work June 2022
FINF Total family income (weekly) Income and work June 2022
FMCF Family composition Household and families June 2022
FMGF Grandparent families Household and families June 2022
FNOF Family number Household and families June 2022
FPIP Parent indicator Household and families June 2022 New
FRLF Relationship between families Household and families June 2022
FSAF Main source of family income (administrative data) Income and Work April 2023 New
FTCP Form type Population April 2023  
GNGP Public/private sector Income and work October 2022
HARTP Whether has arthritis Health June 2022 New
HASTP Whether has asthma Health June 2022 New
HCANP Whether has cancer (including remission) Health June 2022 New
HCFMD Family household composition (dwelling) Household and families June 2022
HCFMF Family household composition (family) Household and families June 2022
HDEMP Whether has dementia (including Alzheimer's) Health June 2022 New
HDIAP Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Health June 2022 New
HEAP Level of highest educational attainment Education and training October 2022
HGAD Main type of household government benefit payment (administrative data) Income and Work April 2023 New
HHCD Household composition Household and families June 2022
HHEDP Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Health June 2022 New
HIAASD Total household income as available (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
HIDD Household income derivation indicator Income and work June 2022
HIED Equivalised total household income (weekly) Income and work June 2022
HINAD Total household income (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
HINASD Total household income as stated (weekly) Income and work June 2022
HIND Total household income (weekly) Income and work June 2022
HKIDP Whether has kidney disease Health June 2022 New
HLTHP Whether has one or more long-term health condition(s) Health June 2022 New
HLUNP Whether has lung condition (including COPD and emphysema) Health June 2022 New
HMHCP Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Health June 2022 New
HOLHP Whether has other long-term health condition(s) Health June 2022 New
HOSD Housing suitability Housing  June 2022
HRSP Hours worked Income and work October 2022
HRWRP Hours worked (ranges)  Income and work  October 2022
HSAD Main source of household income (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
HSCP Highest year of school completed Education and training June 2022
HSTRP Whether has had a stroke Health June 2022 New
IFAGEP Imputation flag for age Population June 2022
IFDTWP  Imputed distance to work Transport April 2023
IFMSTP Imputation flag for registered marital status Household and families June 2022
IFNMFD Imputation flag for number of males and females in dwelling Household and families June 2022
IFPOWP Imputation flag for place of work Location October 2022
IFPURP Imputation flag for place of usual residence Location June 2022
IFSEXP Imputation flag for sex Population June 2022
IGAP Main type of personal government benefit payment (administrative data) Income and work April 2023 New
INCAP Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) Income and work April 2023 New
INCP Total personal income (weekly) Income and work June 2022
INDP Industry of employment Income and work October 2022
INGDWTD Indigenous household indicator Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022
INGF Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022 New
INGP Indigenous status Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022  
ISAP Main source of personal income (administrative data) Income and work April 2023 New
LANP Language used at home Cultural diversity June 2022
LFFP Labour force participation flag National reporting October 2022
LFHRP Labour force status and hours worked not stated Income and work October 2022
LFSF Labour force status of parents/partners in families Income and work October 2022
LFSP Labour force status Income and work October 2022
LLDD Landlord type  Housing June 2022
LNGP Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022 New
LTHP Type of long-term health condition Health June 2022 New
MAID Mortgage affordability indicator Housing June 2022 New
MDCP Social marital status Household and families June 2022
MRED Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values Housing June 2022
MRERD Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges  Housing  June 2022
MSTP Registered marital status Household and families June 2022
MTW06P  Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) Transport October 2022
MTW15P Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) Transport October 2022
MTWP Method of travel to work Transport October 2022
MV1D Household one year mobility indicator Location October 2022
MV5D Household five year mobility indicator Location October 2022
NPDD Type of non-private dwelling Housing June 2022
NPRD Number of persons usually resident in dwelling Household and families June 2022
OCCP Occupation Income and work October 2022
OCCEV1P Occupation experimental update version 1 Income and work October 2022 New
OCSKP Occupation skill level Income and work October 2022 New
OCSKEV1P Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 Income and work October 2022 New
OPGP Homelessness operational groups Housing April 2023
POWP Place of work Location October 2022
PUR1P Place of usual residence one year ago Location  October 2022
PUR5P Place of usual residence five years ago Location  October 2022
PURP Place of usual residence Location  June 2022
QALFP Non-school qualification: field of study Education and training October 2022
QALLP Non-school qualification: level of education Education and training October 2022
RAID Rent affordability indicator Housing June 2022 New
RELP Religious affiliation Cultural diversity June 2022
RLCP Relationship as reported for couples Household and families June 2022
RLGP Relationship in household (including grandchildren) Household and families June 2022
RLHP Relationship in household Household and families June 2022
RLNP Residential status in a non-private dwelling Housing June 2022
RNTD Rent (weekly) dollar values Housing June 2022
RNTRD Rent (weekly) ranges Housing  June 2022
RPIP Family/household reference person indicator Household and families June 2022
SEXP Sex Population June 2022
SIEMP Status in employment Income and work October 2022
SLPP Sex of lone parent Household and families June 2022
SPIP Spouse/partner indicator Household and families June 2022 New
SPLF Location of spouse Household and families June 2022
SSCF Same-sex couple indicator Household and families June 2022
STRD Dwelling structure Housing June 2022
STUP Full-time/part-time student status Education and training June 2022
SVFP Level of workforce participation survey comparison flag National reporting October 2022
TEND Tenure type Housing June 2022
TENLLD Tenure and landlord type  Housing June 2022
TISP Number of children ever born  Population June 2022
TISRP Number of children ever born (ranges)  Population  June 2022
TYPP Type of educational institution attending Education and training June 2022
TYSTAP Educational institution: attendee status Education and training June 2022
UAI1P Usual address one year ago indicator Location  October 2022
UAI5P Usual address five years ago Indicator Location  October 2022
UAICP Usual address indicator Census night Location June 2022
UEFP Unemployment flag National reporting October 2022
UNCAREP Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age Disability and carers June 2022
VEHD Number of motor vehicles Transport June 2022
VEHRD Number of motor vehicles (ranges)  Transport  June 2022
VOLWP Voluntary work for an organisation or group Unpaid work and care June 2022
WTNSQP People with or working towards a non-school qualification National reporting October 2022 New
YARP Year of arrival in Australia Cultural diversity June 2022
YARRP Year of arrival in Australia (ranges)  Cultural diversity  June 2022
YR12C2P Attainment of year 12 or certificate II or higher National reporting October 2022
YR12C3P Attainment of year 12 or certificate III or higher National reporting October 2022

Variables by topic

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
INGDWTD Indigenous household indicator June 2022  
INGF Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator June 2022 New
INGP Indigenous status June 2022  
LNGP Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home June 2022 New

Cultural diversity

Mnemonic  Variable  Release
ANC1P Ancestry 1st response  June 2022
ANC2P Ancestry 2nd response  June 2022
ANCP Ancestry multi response June 2022
ANCRP Ancestry one or two response indicator June 2022
BPFP Country of birth of mother June 2022
BPLP Country of birth of person June 2022
BPMP Country of birth of father June 2022
BPPP Country of birth of parents June 2022
CITP Australian citizenship June 2022
ENGLP Proficiency in spoken English June 2022
LANP Language used at home June 2022
RELP Religious affiliation June 2022
YARP Year of arrival in Australia June 2022
YARRP Year of arrival in Australia (ranges)  June 2022

Disability and carers

Mneumonic  Variable  Release  
ASSNP Core activity need for assistance June 2022
UNCAREP Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age June 2022

Education and training

Mnemonic  Variable Release  
EETP Engagement in employment, education and training October 2022
HEAP Level of highest educational attainment October 2022
HSCP Highest year of school completed June 2022
QALFP Non-school qualification: field of study October 2022
QALLP Non-school qualification: level of education October 2022
STUP Full-time/part-time student status June 2022
TYPP Type of educational institution attending June 2022
TYSTAP Educational institution: attendee status June 2022

Health

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
CALTHD Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
CCLTHD Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
CLTHP Count of selected long-term health conditions June 2022 New
COARASP Whether has arthritis and asthma June 2022 New
COARDBP Whether has arthritis and diabetes June 2022 New
COARHDP Whether has arthritis and heart disease June 2022 New
COARMHP Whether has arthritis and mental health condition June 2022 New
COASHDP Whether has asthma and heart disease June 2022 New
COASLCP Whether has asthma and lung condition June 2022 New
COCNHDP Whether has cancer and heart disease June 2022 New
CODBHDP Whether has diabetes and heart disease June 2022 New
CODBKDP Whether has diabetes and kidney disease June 2022 New
COHDKDP Whether has heart disease and kidney disease June 2022 New
COHDMHP Whether has heart disease and mental health condition June 2022 New
COLCMHP Whether has lung condition and mental health condition June 2022 New
CPLTHD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
CPLTHRD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) June 2022 New
HARTP Whether has arthritis June 2022 New
HASTP Whether has asthma June 2022 New
HCANP Whether has cancer (including remission) June 2022 New
HDEMP Whether has dementia (including Alzheimer's) June 2022 New
HDIAP Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) June 2022 New
HHEDP Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) June 2022 New
HKIDP Whether has kidney disease June 2022 New
HLTHP Whether has one or more long-term health condition(s) June 2022 New
HLUNP Whether has lung condition (including COPD and emphysema) June 2022 New
HMHCP Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) June 2022 New
HOLHP Whether has other long-term health condition(s) June 2022 New
HSTRP Whether has had a stroke June 2022 New
LTHP Type of long-term health condition June 2022 New

Household and families

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
CACF Count of all children in family June 2022
CDCAF Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent June 2022
CDCF Count of dependent children in family June 2022
CDCUF Count of dependent children under 15 in family June 2022 New
CDSAF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent June 2022
CDSF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family June 2022 New
CNDAF Count of non-dependent children temporarily absent June 2022
CNDCF Count of non-dependent children in family June 2022
CPAD Count of persons temporarily absent from household June 2022
CPAF Count of persons temporarily absent from family June 2022
CPRF Count of persons in family June 2022
CTGP Child type (including grandchildren) June 2022
CTPP Child type June 2022
FBLF Family blending June 2022
FMCF Family composition June 2022
FMGF Grandparent families June 2022
FNOF Family number June 2022
FPIP Parent indicator June 2022 New
FRLF Relationship between families June 2022
HCFMD Family household composition (dwelling) June 2022
HCFMF Family household composition (family) June 2022
HHCD Household composition June 2022
IFMSTP Imputation flag for registered marital status June 2022
IFNMFD Imputation flag for number of males and females in dwelling June 2022
MDCP Social marital status June 2022
MSTP Registered marital status June 2022
NPRD Number of persons usually resident in dwelling June 2022
RLCP Relationship as reported for couples June 2022
RLGP Relationship in household (including grandchildren) June 2022
RLHP Relationship in household June 2022
RPIP Family/household reference person indicator June 2022
SLPP Sex of lone parent June 2022
SPIP Spouse/partner indicator June 2022 New
SPLF Location of spouse June 2022
SSCF Same-sex couple indicator June 2022

Housing

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
BEDD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling  June 2022
BEDRD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges)  June 2022
DLOD Dwelling location June 2022
DWIP Dwelling type indicator for persons April 2023
DWTD Dwelling type June 2022
HOSD Housing suitability June 2022
LLDD Landlord type  June 2022
MAID Mortgage affordability indicator June 2022 New
MRED Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values June 2022
MRERD Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges  June 2022
NPDD Type of non-private dwelling June 2022
OPGP Homelessness operational groups April 2023
RAID Rent affordability indicator June 2022 New
RLNP Residential status in a non-private dwelling June 2022
RNTD Rent (weekly) dollar values June 2022
RNTRD Rent (weekly) ranges June 2022
STRD Dwelling structure June 2022
TEND Tenure type June 2022
TENLLD Tenure and landlord type  June 2022

Income and work

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
CDPP Community Development Program participation October 2022
EMPP Number of employees October 2022
FGAF Main type of family government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
FIAASF Total family income as available (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
FIDF Family income derivation indicator June 2022
FINASF Total family income as stated (weekly) June 2022
FINAF Total family income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
FINF Total family income (weekly) June 2022
FSAF Main source of family income (administrative data) April 2023 New
GNGP Public/private sector October 2022
HGAD Main type of household government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
HIAASD Total household income as available (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
HIDD Household income derivation indicator June 2022
HIED Equivalised total household income (weekly) June 2022
HINAD Total household income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
HINASD Total household income as stated (weekly) June 2022
HIND Total household income (weekly) June 2022
HRSP Hours worked October 2022
HRWRP Hours worked (ranges)  October 2022
HSAD Main source of household income (administrative data) April 2023 New
IGAP Main type of personal government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
INCAP Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
INCP Total personal income (weekly) June 2022
INDP Industry of employment October 2022
ISAP Main source of personal income (administrative data) April 2023 New
LFHRP Labour force status and hours worked not stated October 2022
LFSF Labour force status of parents/partners in families October 2022
LFSP Labour force status October 2022
OCCP Occupation October 2022
OCCEV1P Occupation experimental update version 1 October 2022 New
OCSKP Occupation skill level October 2022 New
OCSKEV1P Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 October 2022 New
SIEMP Status in employment October 2022

Location

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
IFPOWP Imputation flag for place of work October 2022
IFPURP Imputation flag for place of usual residence June 2022
MV1D Household one year mobility indicator October 2022
MV5D Household five year mobility indicator October 2022
POWP Place of work October 2022
PUR1P Place of usual residence one year ago October 2022
PUR5P Place of usual residence five years ago October 2022
PURP Place of usual residence June 2022
UAI1P Usual address one year ago indicator October 2022
UAI5P Usual address five years ago indicator October 2022
UAICP Usual address indicator Census night June 2022

Population

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
AGE10P Age in ten year groups June 2022
AGE5P Age in five year groups June 2022
AGEP Age June 2022
FTCP Form type April 2023
IFAGEP Imputation flag for age June 2022
IFSEXP Imputation flag for sex June 2022
SEXP Sex June 2022
TISP Number of children ever born  June 2022
TISRP Number of children ever born (ranges)  June 2022

Service with the Australian Defence Force

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
ADCP Australian Defence Force service, detailed June 2022 New
ADFP Australian Defence Force service June 2022 New

Transport

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
DTWP  Distance to work (ranges) April 2023
IFDTWP  Imputed distance to work April 2023
MTW06P  Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) October 2022
MTW15P Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) October 2022
MTWP Method of travel to work October 2022
VEHD Number of motor vehicles June 2022
VEHRD Number of motor vehicles (ranges)  June 2022

Unpaid work and care

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
CHCAREP Unpaid child care June 2022
DOMP Unpaid domestic work: number of hours June 2022
VOLWP Voluntary work for an organisation or group June 2022

National reporting indicators

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
C3SP Attainment of certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification October 2022
EMFP Employment flag October 2022
LFFP Labour force participation flag October 2022
SVFP Level of workplace participation survey comparison flag October 2022
UEFP Unemployment flag October 2022
WTNSQP People with or working towards a non-school qualification October 2022 New
YR12C2P Attainment of year 12 or certificate II or higher October 2022
YR12C3P Attainment of year 12 or certificate III or higher October 2022

Supporting variables

Mnemonic  Variable  Variable Topic Release  
AGEP Age Population June 2022
EETP Engagement in employment, education and training Education and training October 2022
HEAP Level of highest educational attainment Education and training June 2022
HOSD Housing suitability Housing June 2022
INGP Indigenous status Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
INGDWTD Indigenous household indicator June 2022  
INGF Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator June 2022 New
INGP Indigenous status June 2022  
LNGP Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home June 2022 New

Indigenous household indicator (INGDWTD)

Definition

This variable indicates households which have at least one person who identified as being Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. On Census Night the person needs to have been present and a usual resident at the dwelling.

Scope

Occupied private dwellings

Categories

Code Category
1 Household with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person(s)
2 Other households
@ Not applicable

Number of categories: 3

Not applicable (@) category comprises:

  • Visitor only households
  • Other non-classifiable households
  • Unoccupied private dwellings
  • Non-private dwellings
  • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

Question(s) from the Census form

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Example response to the question: Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? Yes, Aboriginal origin option selected.
Is Person 1 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Example response to the question: Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? Yes, Aboriginal and Yes, Torres Strait Islander option selected.
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander (selected response)

How this variable is created

This variable is created from the Usual address indicator (UAICP) variable, Indigenous status (INGP) variable and Household composition (HHCD) variable. It is created by identifying whether at least one person in an occupied private dwelling is:

  • Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
  • Counted at home on Census Night.

Persons temporarily absent are excluded from this variable.

History and changes

This variable was introduced in 2011. For previous censuses, information about households with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people was available on request. In 2016, there were some minor changes made to the wording of the output categories.

No changes have been made for 2021.

Data use considerations

Changes in Indigenous status between censuses can affect the interpretation of Census data for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It is important to remember that Indigenous status is collected through self-identification and any change in how a person chooses to identify will affect the count of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Census.

This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. 

Related variables and glossary terms

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator (INGF)

Definition

This variable indicates families with at least one person who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin, who is a usual resident in the dwelling, and was at home on Census Night.

Scope

Families in family households

Categories

Code Category
1 Family with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person(s)
2 Other families
& Not stated
@ Not applicable

Number of categories: 4

Not applicable (@) category comprises:

  • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
  • Unoccupied private dwellings
  • Non-private dwellings
  • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

Question(s) from the Census form

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Example response to the question: Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? 'Yes, Aboriginal' option selected.
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Example response to the question: Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? 'Yes, Aboriginal' and 'Yes, Torres Strait Islander' option selected.
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander (selected response)

How this variable is created

This variable is created from Usual address indicator (UAICP), Indigenous status (INGP) and Family composition (FMCF). It is created by identifying whether at least one person in a family is:

Persons temporarily absent are excluded from this variable.

History and changes

This variable is new for the 2021 Census. In previous censuses information about families was only available on request.

Data use considerations

Changes between censuses can affect the interpretation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples data. It is important to remember that this variable is collected through self-identification and any change in identification will affect the count of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. 

Indigenous status (INGP)

Definition

This variable records the response of persons who identified themselves as being of Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the Census.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 Non-Indigenous
2 Aboriginal
3 Torres Strait Islander
4 Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
& Not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 6

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?

Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Indigenous Status example - yes, Aboriginal response selected
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander

Example

Indigenous Status example - yes, Aboriginal and yes, Torres Strait Islander response selected
Is Person 2 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal (selected response) Yes, Torres Strait Islander (selected response)

How this variable is created

Responses are captured automatically from mark box responses on the form, so the risk of processing error is minimised. Where respondents identify as both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, they are instructed to mark both the 'Yes, Aboriginal' and 'Yes, Torres Strait Islander' boxes. In cases where a respondent marked both ‘No’ and ‘Yes’ boxes, their Indigenous Status is set to ‘Not stated’.

In Australia, the method for collecting information about indigenous status is through self-identification. The ABS Standard Indigenous question is used in all ABS data collections. It is also used across a wide range of government agencies and Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations. For more information please see the Indigenous Status Standard, 2014, Version 1.5.

The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 'origin' is used in the 2021 Census question. When used in the context of the ABS Standard Indigenous question it relates to a person's Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent and for some, but not all, their cultural identity.

Torres Strait Islander peoples come from the islands of the Torres Strait, between the tip of Cape York and Papua New Guinea.

History and changes

Indigenous status data is available from the 1971 Census onwards. A question on origin has been asked in every Census. However, prior to the 1971 Census, Aboriginal peoples were counted in order to exclude them from population estimates for each state and territory.

The 1967 Referendum changed section 127 of the Constitution to allow Aboriginal people to be included in official Census population counts. The 1971 and 1976 censuses asked each person's racial origin. Since the 1981 Census the word 'racial' has been dropped from the question. The 1996 Census was the first Census to allow people's origins to be recorded as both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, prior to this only one or the other could be recorded.

No changes have been made for 2021.

Data use considerations

Changes in Indigenous status between censuses can affect the interpretation of Census data for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It is important to remember that Indigenous status is collected through self-identification and any change in how a person chooses to identify will affect the count of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Census.

The non-response rate for Indigenous status (INGP) was 4.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.0% in 2016.

Related variables and glossary terms

Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home (LNGP)

Definition

This variable indicates whether a person reports using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language used at home
2 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language not used at home
& Not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 4

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

Does the person use a language other than English at home?

Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Mandarin Yes, Arabic Yes, Cantonese Yes, Vietnamese Yes, Italian Yes, Greek Yes, other (please specify)

Additional options - Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language

Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 2 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language Yes, Mandarin Yes, Arabic Yes, Cantonese Yes, Vietnamese Yes, Italian Yes, Greek Yes, other (please specify)

Example

Example response to the question: Does the person use a language other than English at home? Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language response selected.
Does Person 2 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language (selected response) Please specify (optional)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information If the person uses only English at home, select ‘No, English only’, even if they can speak another language. If the person lives alone, answer with the language they most commonly use with visitors in their home. The languages listed were the most commonly reported languages spoken at home, other than English in the 2016 Census. For a language not listed, please select the 'Yes, other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the language in the box. For people who cannot speak, or if the person is too young to speak, record 'Not able to speak' in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box for this question.

How this variable is created

This variable is derived from the Census variable Language used at home (LANP), which is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Languages (ASCL), 2016.

This variable defines a speaker of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language as a person who reported using a language that was coded to ASCL broad group 8 – Australian Indigenous languages.

History and changes

This variable is new for the 2021 Census. Prior to this, data was obtained manually from the Language used at home (LANP) variable.

Additional instructional text was added to the Census form regarding Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander languages and stated, 'Include use of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander languages in the ‘please specify’ option.

An enhancement to the online form presented a check box for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language for those respondents who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the Indigenous status question. To improve the data collected on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, these respondents also had the option to provide a specific language in the ‘please specify’ box if they wished.

Additional instructions were added to the Interviewer Household Form question to improve the reporting of specific Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages. The Interviewer Household Form is used in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Additional instructions included: 

  • Where possible, write the full name of the language
  • If the person speaks Creole, where possible provide more information. For example: Cape York Creole, Broome Kriol, Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole). 

Data use considerations

The Main language used at home Census question is designed to find out which languages other than English are spoken by people at home. This question only allows for one answer and therefore the number of responses shown in the category ‘Speaker of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language’ is not all persons who speak an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language.

Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home (LNGP) is derived from Language used at home (LANP). The non-response rate for Language used at home (LANP) was 5.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.5% in 2016.

Related variables and glossary terms

Cultural diversity

Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
ANC1P Ancestry 1st response  June 2022
ANC2P Ancestry 2nd response  June 2022
ANCP Ancestry multi response June 2022
ANCRP Ancestry one or two response indicator June 2022 New
BPFP Country of birth of mother June 2022
BPLP Country of birth of person June 2022
BPMP Country of birth of father June 2022
BPPP Country of birth of parents June 2022
CITP Australian citizenship June 2022
ENGLP Proficiency in spoken English June 2022
LANP Language used at home June 2022
RELP Religious affiliation June 2022
YARP Year of arrival in Australia June 2022
YARRP Year of arrival in Australia (ranges)  June 2022

Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P)

Definition

This variable indicates how a person identifies their ancestry. Respondents are able to provide up to two responses. The first ancestry provided is output into Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P).  

See also: Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P), Ancestry multi response (ANCP)

Scope

All persons

Categories

Ancestry is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceanian 

1 OCEANIAN    
  10 Oceanian, nfd 
    1000 Oceanian, nfd
  11 Australian Peoples
    1100 Australian Peoples, nfd
    1101 Australian
    1102 Australian Aboriginal
    1103 Australian South Sea Islander
    1104 Torres Strait Islander
    1105 Norfolk Islander
  12 New Zealand Peoples
    1200 New Zealand Peoples, nfd
    1201 Maori
    1202 New Zealander
  13 Melanesian and Papuan
    1300 Melanesian and Papuan, nfd
    1301 New Caledonian
    1302 Ni-Vanuatu
    1303 Papua New Guinean
    1304 Solomon Islander
    1399 Melanesian and Papuan, nec
  14 Micronesian
    1400 Micronesian, nfd
    1401 I-Kiribati
    1402 Nauruan
    1499 Micronesian, nec
  15 Polynesian
    1500 Polynesian, nfd
    1501 Cook Islander
    1502 Fijian
    1503 Niuean
    1504 Samoan
    1505 Tongan
    1506 Hawaiian
    1507 Tahitian
    1508 Tokelauan
    1511 Tuvaluan
    1512 Pitcairn
    1599 Polynesian, nec

2 North-West European

2 NORTH-WEST EUROPEAN
  20 North-West European, nfd 
    2000 North-West European, nfd
  21 British  
    2100 British, nfd
    2101 English
    2102 Scottish
    2103 Welsh
    2104 Channel Islander
    2105 Manx
    2199 British, nec
  22 Irish  
    2201 Irish
  23 Western European
    2300 Western European, nfd
    2301 Austrian
    2303 Dutch
    2304 Flemish
    2305 French
    2306 German
    2307 Swiss
    2311 Belgian
    2312 Frisian
    2313 Luxembourg
    2399 Western European, nec
  24 Northern European
    2400 Northern European, nfd
    2401 Danish
    2402 Finnish
    2403 Icelandic
    2404 Norwegian
    2405 Swedish
    2499 Northern European, nec

3 Southern and Eastern European

3 SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
  30 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
    3000 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
  31 Southern European
    3100 Southern European, nfd
    3101 Basque
    3102 Catalan
    3103 Italian
    3104 Maltese
    3105 Portuguese
    3106 Spanish
    3107 Gibraltarian
    3199 Southern European, nec
  32 South Eastern European
    3200 South Eastern European, nfd
    3201 Albanian
    3202 Bosnian
    3203 Bulgarian
    3204 Croatian
    3205 Greek
    3206 Macedonian
    3207 Moldovan
    3208 Montenegrin
    3211 Romanian
    3212 Roma Gypsy
    3213 Serbian
    3214 Slovene
    3215 Cypriot
    3216 Vlach
    3299 South Eastern European, nec
  33 Eastern European
    3300 Eastern European, nfd
    3301 Belarusan
    3302 Czech
    3303 Estonian
    3304 Hungarian
    3305 Latvian
    3306 Lithuanian
    3307 Polish
    3308 Russian
    3311 Slovak
    3312 Ukrainian
    3313 Sorb/Wend
    3399 Eastern European, nec

4 North-African and Middle Eastern

4 NORTH AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN
  40 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4000 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
  41 Arab  
    4100 Arab, nfd
    4101 Algerian
    4102 Egyptian
    4103 Iraqi
    4104 Jordanian
    4105 Kuwaiti
    4106 Lebanese
    4107 Libyan
    4108 Moroccan
    4111 Palestinian
    4112 Saudi Arabian
    4113 Syrian
    4114 Tunisian
    4115 Yemeni
    4116 Bahraini
    4117 Emirati
    4118 Omani
    4121 Qatari
    4199 Arab, nec
  42 Jewish  
    4201 Jewish
  43 Peoples of the Sudan
    4300 Peoples of the Sudan, nfd
    4301 Bari
    4302 Darfur
    4303 Dinka 
    4304 Nuer
    4305 South Sudanese
    4306 Sudanese
    4399 Peoples of the Sudan, nec
  49 Other North African and Middle Eastern
    4900 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4902 Berber
    4903 Coptic
    4904 Iranian
    4905 Kurdish
    4907 Turkish
    4908 Assyrian
    4911 Chaldean
    4912 Mandaean
    4913 Nubian 
    4914 Yezidi
    4999 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nec

5 South-East Asian

5 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN  
  50 South-East Asian, nfd
    5000 South-East Asian, nfd
  51 Mainland South-East Asian
    5100 Mainland South-East Asian, nfd
    5101 Anglo-Burmese
    5102 Burmese
    5103 Hmong
    5104 Khmer (Cambodian)
    5105 Lao
    5106 Thai
    5107 Vietnamese
    5108 Karen
    5111 Mon
    5112 Chin
    5113 Rohingya
    5199 Mainland South-East Asian, nec
  52 Maritime South-East Asian
    5200 Maritime South-East Asian, nfd
    5201 Filipino
    5202 Indonesian
    5203 Javanese
    5204 Madurese
    5205 Malay
    5206 Sundanese
    5207 Timorese
    5208 Acehnese
    5211 Balinese
    5212 Bruneian
    5213 Kadazan
    5214 Singaporean
    5215 Temoq
    5299 Maritime South-East Asian, nec

6 North-East Asian

6 NORTH-EAST ASIAN  
  60 North-East Asian, nfd
    6000 North-East Asian, nfd
  61 Chinese Asian
    6100 Chinese Asian, nfd
    6101 Chinese
    6102 Taiwanese
    6199 Chinese Asian, nec
  69 Other North-East Asian
    6900 Other North-East Asian, nfd
    6901 Japanese
    6902 Korean
    6903 Mongolian
    6904 Tibetan
    6999 Other North-East Asian, nec

7 Southern and Central Asian

7 SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL ASIAN
  70 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
    7000 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
  71 Southern Asian
    7100 Southern Asian, nfd
    7101 Anglo-Indian
    7102 Bengali
    7103 Burgher
    7104 Gujarati
    7106 Indian
    7107 Malayali
    7111 Nepalese
    7112 Pakistani
    7113 Punjabi
    7114 Sikh
    7115 Sinhalese
    7117 Maldivian
    7118 Bangladeshi
    7121 Bhutanese
    7122 Fijian Indian 
    7123 Kashmiri
    7124 Parsi
    7125 Sindhi
    7126 Sri Lankan
    7127 Sri Lankan Tamil
    7128 Indian Tamil 
    7131 Tamil, nfd
    7132 Telugu
    7199 Southern Asian, nec
  72 Central Asian
    7200 Central Asian, nfd
    7201 Afghan
    7202 Armenian
    7203 Georgian
    7204 Kazakh
    7205 Pathan
    7206 Uzbek
    7207 Azeri
    7208 Hazara
    7211 Tajik
    7212 Tatar
    7213 Turkmen
    7214 Uighur
    7215 Kyrgyz
    7299 Central Asian, nec

8 Peoples of the Americas

8 PEOPLES OF THE AMERICAS
  80 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
    8000 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
  81 North American
    8100 North American, nfd
    8101 African American
    8102 American
    8103 Canadian
    8104 French Canadian
    8105 Hispanic North American
    8106 Native North American Indian
    8107 Bermudan
    8199 North American, nec
  82 South American
    8200 South American, nfd
    8201 Argentinian
    8202 Bolivian
    8203 Brazilian
    8204 Chilean
    8205 Colombian
    8206 Ecuadorian
    8207 Guyanese
    8208 Peruvian
    8211 Uruguayan
    8212 Venezuelan
    8213 Paraguayan
    8299 South American, nec
  83 Central American
    8300 Central American, nfd
    8301 Mexican
    8302 Nicaraguan
    8303 Salvadoran
    8304 Costa Rican
    8305 Guatemalan
    8306 Mayan
    8399 Central American, nec
  84 Caribbean Islander
    8400 Caribbean Islander, nfd
    8401 Cuban
    8402 Jamaican
    8403 Trinidadian Tobagonian
    8404 Barbadian
    8405 Puerto Rican
    8499 Caribbean Islander, nec

9 Sub-Saharan African

9 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN
  90 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
    9000 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
  91 Central and West African
    9100 Central and West African, nfd
    9101 Akan
    9102 Fulani
    9103 Ghanaian
    9104 Nigerian
    9105 Yoruba
    9106 Ivorean
    9107 Liberian
    9108 Sierra Leonean
    9111 Acholi
    9112 Cameroonian
    9113 Congolese
    9114 Gio
    9115 Igbo
    9116 Krahn
    9117 Mandinka
    9118 Senegalese
    9121 Themne
    9122 Togolese
    9199 Central and West African, nec
  92 Southern and East African
    9200 Southern and East African, nfd
    9201 Afrikaner
    9202 Angolan
    9203 Eritrean
    9204 Ethiopian
    9205 Kenyan
    9206 Malawian
    9207 Mauritian
    9208 Mozambican
    9211 Namibian
    9212 Oromo
    9213 Seychellois
    9214 Somali
    9215 South African
    9216 Tanzanian
    9217 Ugandan
    9218 Zambian
    9221 Zimbabwean
    9222 Amhara
    9223 Batswana
    9225 Hutu
    9226 Masai
    9228 Tigrayan
    9231 Tigre
    9232 Zulu
    9233 Burundian
    9234 Kunama
    9235 Madi
    9236 Ogaden
    9237 Rwandan
    9238 Shona
    9241 Swahili
    9242 Swazilander
    9299 Southern and East African, nec

Supplementary codes

0 SUPPLEMENTARY CODES
  00 Inadequately described
    0000 Inadequately described
  09 So described, nfd
    0901 Eurasian, so described
    0902 Asian, so described
    0903 African, so described
    0904 European, so described
    0905 Caucasian, so described
    0906 Creole, so described
& Not stated    
  && Not stated  
    &&&& Not stated
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
    VVVV Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 

  • One-digit level: 12
  • Two-digit level: 41     
  • Four-digit level: 321

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

What is the person’s ancestry?

What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information Person's ancestry English Irish Scottish Chinese Italian German Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Australian Other ancestry 1 (please specify) Other ancestry 2 (please specify)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information If more than two ancestries apply, provide the two ancestries the person most closely identifies with. If you are unclear about what ancestry you should include, consider the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's parents and/or grandparents as a guide. If the person is a Pacific Islander, report their ancestry as accurately as possible, for example, Samoan, Tongan or Cook Islander. If the person is a descendant of South Sea Islanders brought to Australia as labourers at the turn of the twentieth century, please answer ‘Australian South Sea Islander’. For ancestries not listed, please select the 'Other ancestry 1 (please specify)' option and enter the name of the ancestry in the box and, if needed, 'Other ancestry 2 (please specify)'.

How this variable is created

The three ancestry variables are created from responses to the ancestry question on the Census form. The allocation of ancestries to the variables ANC1P and ANC2P are administrative only and based on the order in which the responses are processed. These two ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) are combined into one variable, ANCP.

Respondents can select their ancestry by using the mark boxes, and/or the write in response boxes. The most common ancestry responses from the 2016 Census are the mark box options on the 2021 Census form, with the addition of separate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mark boxes. Most responses for ancestry are captured in the mark box responses, but overall, the following scenarios apply.

Written responses are first coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding. The remaining responses require manual coding.

  • Where respondents report more than two ancestries, only two are processed.
  • Where only one ancestry was provided, ANC2P is recorded as ‘Not applicable’.
  • Ancestry is coded using the ASCCEG. If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

Ancestry was first included as a question in the 1986 Census. The aim of the question was to measure the ethnic composition of the population, but it did not perform as expected for this purpose as there was a high level of subjectivity and lack of clarity about what the question meant. Consequently, ancestry was not included in either the 1991 or 1996 Censuses.

In 2001, the question was asked again with instructions to 'Provide more than one ancestry if necessary', and to consider their parents, grandparents, and great grandparents.

For the 2006 and 2011 Censuses, respondents were asked to mark the ancestries they most closely identified with and to consider their ancestry back as far as two generations (i.e. their parents and grandparents). Respondents were asked to report at least one ancestry, but no more than two ancestries.

For the 2016 Census the format of the ancestry question was revised to provide two distinct text response areas for separate written ancestry responses. This change aimed to clarify responses and improve autocoding rates.

The 2021 Census includes mark boxes for both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestries. It is expected these additional mark boxes will result in less people checking the ‘Australian’ mark box, and instead choosing to specify Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestries. For people completing the Census online and who identify as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person, the new response categories were presented at the top of the list.

For 2021, the order of the response categories has been updated based on frequency of reporting in the 2016 Census:

  • ‘Italian’ moved from 3rd position to 5th position
  • ‘German’ moved from 5th position to 6th position
  • ‘Chinese’ moved from 6th position to 4th position

As with previous Censuses, 'Australian' is placed as the last option for selection - prior to the text entry boxes for 'Other ancestry/s' - to encourage reporting of non-Australian ancestries where relevant.

For 2021, the other examples in the instructional text were updated.

For 2021, Norfolk Islander (code 1105) has been added in the updated classification to capture an ancestry reported by Norfolk Island residents following Norfolk Island’s inclusion in the Australian Census of Population and Housing for the first time in 2016.

Data use considerations

Ancestry can be related to the place a person or their parents or grandparents were born or the cultural group they most identify with. For example, a person may have been born in Australia, but they have Papua New Guinean ancestry. This helps us understand our diverse culture.

To accurately understand ancestry data, both ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) must be used. There are two ancestry variables because Census respondents are able to report up to two ancestries in their response to the question on ancestry. Respondents do not have the option of ranking their answers to the ancestry question, so where a respondent reports two ancestries, they have equal standing. The basis for allocating ancestries to the variables ANC1P and ANC2P is based on the order in which they are processed. These two ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) are combined into one variable ANCP.

The non-response rate for Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P) was 6.2% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.0% in 2016. 

Ethnicity

The ancestry variables provide a self-assessed measure of ethnicity and cultural background, which, when used in conjunction with the person’s and their parents' countries of birth provides a good indication of the ethnic background of first and second generation Australians. Ancestry in the Australian context is complex as there are many Australians with origins and heritage that do not, in practice, relate to their current ethnic identity.  When ancestry data is used alone, it should only be done to represent a broad measure of cultural diversity. Ancestry is particularly useful to identify distinct ethnic or cultural groups within Australia such as Maoris or Australian South Sea Islanders, and groups which are spread across countries such as Kurds. Surrogate measures of ethnicity such as country of birth or languages other than English spoken at home, alone cannot identify these groups. This information is useful in developing policies which reflect the needs of our society and for the effective delivery of services to particular ethnic communities.

Ancestry multi response - counting people or responses

When ANCP is added to a table and all the individual ancestries are summed together, a total count of responses, not people, is produced. This is because each person can provide up to two ancestries. So the total count of responses for all ancestries in Australia exceeds Australia’s total population. However, when using ANCP to look at individual ancestries, the count of responses is also the count of people. This is because respondents can only state a particular ancestry once (either as ANC1P or ANC2P).

Measurement issues

The ancestry question records all claims of association with ancestries, ethnic origins and cultures.  Whilst some people may respond according to how they may identify with a particular cultural group (subjectively), the intent of the question is to capture the cultural context in which they were raised (objectively).  Multiple responses are encouraged. Responses to the ancestry question are coded to the ASCCEG. The classification is not intended to classify people, but rather all claims of association with an ethnic origin or cultural group, i.e. one ancestry response is not equal to one person. Many people do not relate to a single ethnic origin or cultural group and will give multiple responses to a question on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity. The ABS has developed guidelines for the coding, storage and presentation of multiple responses to questions on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity data. These guidelines are included in the ASCCEG publication.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Ancestry multi response (ANCP)
  • Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P)
  • Ancestry one or two response indicator (ANCRP)
  • Birthplace of mother (BPFP)
  • Birthplace of father (BPMP)
  • Indigenous status (INGP)

Data downloads

Ancestry first response classification

Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P)

Definition

This variable indicates how a person identifies their ancestry. Respondents are able to provide up to two responses. The second ancestry provided is output into Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P).  

See also: Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P), Ancestry multi response (ANCP).

Scope

All persons

Categories

Ancestry is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceanian 

1 OCEANIAN    
  10 Oceanian, nfd 
    1000 Oceanian, nfd
  11 Australian Peoples
    1100 Australian Peoples, nfd
    1101 Australian
    1102 Australian Aboriginal
    1103 Australian South Sea Islander
    1104 Torres Strait Islander
    1105 Norfolk Islander
  12 New Zealand Peoples
    1200 New Zealand Peoples, nfd
    1201 Maori
    1202 New Zealander
  13 Melanesian and Papuan
    1300 Melanesian and Papuan, nfd
    1301 New Caledonian
    1302 Ni-Vanuatu
    1303 Papua New Guinean
    1304 Solomon Islander
    1399 Melanesian and Papuan, nec
  14 Micronesian
    1400 Micronesian, nfd
    1401 I-Kiribati
    1402 Nauruan
    1499 Micronesian, nec
  15 Polynesian
    1500 Polynesian, nfd
    1501 Cook Islander
    1502 Fijian
    1503 Niuean
    1504 Samoan
    1505 Tongan
    1506 Hawaiian
    1507 Tahitian
    1508 Tokelauan
    1511 Tuvaluan
    1512 Pitcairn
    1599 Polynesian, nec

2 North-West European

2 NORTH-WEST EUROPEAN
  20 North-West European, nfd 
    2000 North-West European, nfd
  21 British  
    2100 British, nfd
    2101 English
    2102 Scottish
    2103 Welsh
    2104 Channel Islander
    2105 Manx
    2199 British, nec
  22 Irish  
    2201 Irish
  23 Western European
    2300 Western European, nfd
    2301 Austrian
    2303 Dutch
    2304 Flemish
    2305 French
    2306 German
    2307 Swiss
    2311 Belgian
    2312 Frisian
    2313 Luxembourg
    2399 Western European, nec
  24 Northern European
    2400 Northern European, nfd
    2401 Danish
    2402 Finnish
    2403 Icelandic
    2404 Norwegian
    2405 Swedish
    2499 Northern European, nec

3 Southern and Eastern European

3 SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
  30 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
    3000 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
  31 Southern European
    3100 Southern European, nfd
    3101 Basque
    3102 Catalan
    3103 Italian
    3104 Maltese
    3105 Portuguese
    3106 Spanish
    3107 Gibraltarian
    3199 Southern European, nec
  32 South Eastern European
    3200 South Eastern European, nfd
    3201 Albanian
    3202 Bosnian
    3203 Bulgarian
    3204 Croatian
    3205 Greek
    3206 Macedonian
    3207 Moldovan
    3208 Montenegrin
    3211 Romanian
    3212 Roma Gypsy
    3213 Serbian
    3214 Slovene
    3215 Cypriot
    3216 Vlach
    3299 South Eastern European, nec
  33 Eastern European
    3300 Eastern European, nfd
    3301 Belarusan
    3302 Czech
    3303 Estonian
    3304 Hungarian
    3305 Latvian
    3306 Lithuanian
    3307 Polish
    3308 Russian
    3311 Slovak
    3312 Ukrainian
    3313 Sorb/Wend
    3399 Eastern European, nec

4 North-African and Middle Eastern

4 NORTH AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN
  40 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4000 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
  41 Arab  
    4100 Arab, nfd
    4101 Algerian
    4102 Egyptian
    4103 Iraqi
    4104 Jordanian
    4105 Kuwaiti
    4106 Lebanese
    4107 Libyan
    4108 Moroccan
    4111 Palestinian
    4112 Saudi Arabian
    4113 Syrian
    4114 Tunisian
    4115 Yemeni
    4116 Bahraini
    4117 Emirati
    4118 Omani
    4121 Qatari
    4199 Arab, nec
  42 Jewish  
    4201 Jewish
  43 Peoples of the Sudan
    4300 Peoples of the Sudan, nfd
    4301 Bari
    4302 Darfur
    4303 Dinka 
    4304 Nuer
    4305 South Sudanese
    4306 Sudanese
    4399 Peoples of the Sudan, nec
  49 Other North African and Middle Eastern
    4900 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4902 Berber
    4903 Coptic
    4904 Iranian
    4905 Kurdish
    4907 Turkish
    4908 Assyrian
    4911 Chaldean
    4912 Mandaean
    4913 Nubian 
    4914 Yezidi
    4999 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nec

5 South-East Asian

5 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN  
  50 South-East Asian, nfd
    5000 South-East Asian, nfd
  51 Mainland South-East Asian
    5100 Mainland South-East Asian, nfd
    5101 Anglo-Burmese
    5102 Burmese
    5103 Hmong
    5104 Khmer (Cambodian)
    5105 Lao
    5106 Thai
    5107 Vietnamese
    5108 Karen
    5111 Mon
    5112 Chin
    5113 Rohingya
    5199 Mainland South-East Asian, nec
  52 Maritime South-East Asian
    5200 Maritime South-East Asian, nfd
    5201 Filipino
    5202 Indonesian
    5203 Javanese
    5204 Madurese
    5205 Malay
    5206 Sundanese
    5207 Timorese
    5208 Acehnese
    5211 Balinese
    5212 Bruneian
    5213 Kadazan
    5214 Singaporean
    5215 Temoq
    5299 Maritime South-East Asian, nec

6 North-East Asian

6 NORTH-EAST ASIAN  
  60 North-East Asian, nfd
    6000 North-East Asian, nfd
  61 Chinese Asian
    6100 Chinese Asian, nfd
    6101 Chinese
    6102 Taiwanese
    6199 Chinese Asian, nec
  69 Other North-East Asian
    6900 Other North-East Asian, nfd
    6901 Japanese
    6902 Korean
    6903 Mongolian
    6904 Tibetan
    6999 Other North-East Asian, nec

7 Southern and Central Asian

7 SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL ASIAN
  70 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
    7000 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
  71 Southern Asian
    7100 Southern Asian, nfd
    7101 Anglo-Indian
    7102 Bengali
    7103 Burgher
    7104 Gujarati
    7106 Indian
    7107 Malayali
    7111 Nepalese
    7112 Pakistani
    7113 Punjabi
    7114 Sikh
    7115 Sinhalese
    7117 Maldivian
    7118 Bangladeshi
    7121 Bhutanese
    7122 Fijian Indian 
    7123 Kashmiri
    7124 Parsi
    7125 Sindhi
    7126 Sri Lankan
    7127 Sri Lankan Tamil
    7128 Indian Tamil 
    7131 Tamil, nfd
    7132 Telugu
    7199 Southern Asian, nec
  72 Central Asian
    7200 Central Asian, nfd
    7201 Afghan
    7202 Armenian
    7203 Georgian
    7204 Kazakh
    7205 Pathan
    7206 Uzbek
    7207 Azeri
    7208 Hazara
    7211 Tajik
    7212 Tatar
    7213 Turkmen
    7214 Uighur
    7215 Kyrgyz
    7299 Central Asian, nec

8 Peoples of the Americas

8 PEOPLES OF THE AMERICAS
  80 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
    8000 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
  81 North American
    8100 North American, nfd
    8101 African American
    8102 American
    8103 Canadian
    8104 French Canadian
    8105 Hispanic North American
    8106 Native North American Indian
    8107 Bermudan
    8199 North American, nec
  82 South American
    8200 South American, nfd
    8201 Argentinian
    8202 Bolivian
    8203 Brazilian
    8204 Chilean
    8205 Colombian
    8206 Ecuadorian
    8207 Guyanese
    8208 Peruvian
    8211 Uruguayan
    8212 Venezuelan
    8213 Paraguayan
    8299 South American, nec
  83 Central American
    8300 Central American, nfd
    8301 Mexican
    8302 Nicaraguan
    8303 Salvadoran
    8304 Costa Rican
    8305 Guatemalan
    8306 Mayan
    8399 Central American, nec
  84 Caribbean Islander
    8400 Caribbean Islander, nfd
    8401 Cuban
    8402 Jamaican
    8403 Trinidadian Tobagonian
    8404 Barbadian
    8405 Puerto Rican
    8499 Caribbean Islander, nec

9 Sub-Saharan African

9 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN
  90 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
    9000 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
  91 Central and West African
    9100 Central and West African, nfd
    9101 Akan
    9102 Fulani
    9103 Ghanaian
    9104 Nigerian
    9105 Yoruba
    9106 Ivorean
    9107 Liberian
    9108 Sierra Leonean
    9111 Acholi
    9112 Cameroonian
    9113 Congolese
    9114 Gio
    9115 Igbo
    9116 Krahn
    9117 Mandinka
    9118 Senegalese
    9121 Themne
    9122 Togolese
    9199 Central and West African, nec
  92 Southern and East African
    9200 Southern and East African, nfd
    9201 Afrikaner
    9202 Angolan
    9203 Eritrean
    9204 Ethiopian
    9205 Kenyan
    9206 Malawian
    9207 Mauritian
    9208 Mozambican
    9211 Namibian
    9212 Oromo
    9213 Seychellois
    9214 Somali
    9215 South African
    9216 Tanzanian
    9217 Ugandan
    9218 Zambian
    9221 Zimbabwean
    9222 Amhara
    9223 Batswana
    9225 Hutu
    9226 Masai
    9228 Tigrayan
    9231 Tigre
    9232 Zulu
    9233 Burundian
    9234 Kunama
    9235 Madi
    9236 Ogaden
    9237 Rwandan
    9238 Shona
    9241 Swahili
    9242 Swazilander
    9299 Southern and East African, nec

Supplementary codes

0 SUPPLEMENTARY CODES
  00 Inadequately described
    0000 Inadequately described
  09 So described, nfd
    0901 Eurasian, so described
    0902 Asian, so described
    0903 African, so described
    0904 European, so described
    0905 Caucasian, so described
    0906 Creole, so described
@ Not applicable  
  @@ Not applicable
     @@@@ Not applicable
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
    VVVV Overseas visitor

Not applicable (@@@@) comprises:

  • Persons who provided a first ancestry but did not provide a second
  • ANC1P not stated

ANC2P does not have a ‘Not stated’ category. People who did not answer the ancestry question are included in ‘Not applicable’.

Number of categories: 

  • One-digit level: 12
  • Two-digit level: 41
  • Four-digit level: 321

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

What is the person’s ancestry?

What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information Person's ancestry English Irish Scottish Chinese Italian German Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Australian Other ancestry 1 (please specify) Other ancestry 2 (please specify)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information If more than two ancestries apply, provide the two ancestries the person most closely identifies with. If you are unclear about what ancestry you should include, consider the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's parents and/or grandparents as a guide. If the person is a Pacific Islander, report their ancestry as accurately as possible, for example, Samoan, Tongan or Cook Islander. If the person is a descendant of South Sea Islanders brought to Australia as labourers at the turn of the twentieth century, please answer ‘Australian South Sea Islander’. For ancestries not listed, please select the 'Other ancestry 1 (please specify)' option and enter the name of the ancestry in the box and, if needed, 'Other ancestry 2 (please specify)'.

How this variable is created

This variable is created from responses to the ancestry question on the Census form. The allocation of ancestries is administrative only and based on the order in which the responses are processed.

Respondents can select their ancestry by using the mark boxes, and/or the write in response boxes. The most common ancestry responses from the 2016 Census are the mark box options on the 2021 Census form, with the addition of separate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mark boxes. Most responses for ancestry are captured in the mark box responses, but overall, the following scenarios apply:

  • Written responses are first coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding. The remaining responses require manual coding.
  • Where respondents report more than two ancestries, only two are processed.
  • Where only one ancestry was provided, ANC2P is recorded as ‘Not applicable’.
  • Ancestry is coded using the ASCCEG. If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

Ancestry was first included as a question in the 1986 Census. The aim of the question was to measure the ethnic composition of the population, but it did not perform as expected for this purpose as there was a high level of subjectivity and lack of clarity about what the question meant. Consequently, ancestry was not included in either the 1991 or 1996 censuses.

In 2001, the question was asked again with instructions to 'Provide more than one ancestry if necessary', and to consider their parents, grandparents, and great grandparents.

For the 2006 and 2011 censuses, respondents were asked to mark the ancestries they most closely identified with and to consider their ancestry back as far as two generations (i.e. their parents and grandparents). Respondents were asked to report at least one ancestry, but no more than two ancestries.

For the 2016 Census the format of the ancestry question was revised to provide two distinct text response areas for separate written ancestry responses. This change aimed to clarify responses and improve autocoding rates.

The 2021 Census includes mark boxes for both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestries. It is expected these additional mark boxes will result in less people checking the ‘Australian’ mark box, and instead choosing to specify Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestries. For people completing the Census online and who identify as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person, these new response categories will be displayed at the top of the list.

For 2021, the order of the response categories has been updated based on frequency of reporting in the 2016 Census:

  • ‘Italian’ moved from 3rd position to 5th position
  • ‘German’ moved from 5th position to 6th position
  • ‘Chinese’ moved from 6th position to 4th position

As with previous censuses, 'Australian' is placed as the last option for selection (prior to the text entry boxes for 'Other ancestry/s') to encourage reporting of non-Australian ancestries where relevant.

For 2021, the other examples in the instructional text were updated.

For 2021, Norfolk Islander (code 1105) has been added in the updated classification to capture an ancestry reported by Norfolk Island residents following Norfolk Island’s inclusion in the Australian Census of Population and Housing for the first time in 2016.

Data use considerations

Ancestry can be related to the place a person or their parents or grandparents were born or the cultural group they most identify with. For example, a person may have been born in Australia, but they have Papua New Guinean ancestry. This helps us understand our diverse culture.

To accurately understand ancestry data, both ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) must be used. There are two ancestry variables because Census respondents are able to report up to two ancestries in their response to the question on ancestry. Respondents do not have the option of ranking their answers to the ancestry question, so where a respondent reports two ancestries, they have equal standing. The basis for allocating ancestries to the variables ANC1P and ANC2P is based on the order in which they are processed. These two ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) are combined into one variable, ANCP.

The item non-response rate for the Ancestry question was 6.2% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.0% in 2016. 

Ethnicity

The ancestry variables provide a self-assessed measure of ethnicity and cultural background, which, when used in conjunction with the person’s and their parents' countries of birth provides a good indication of the ethnic background of first and second generation Australians. Ancestry in the Australian context is complex as there are many Australians with origins and heritage that do not, in practice, relate to their current ethnic identity. When ancestry data is used alone, it should only be done to represent a broad measure of cultural diversity. Ancestry is particularly useful to identify distinct ethnic or cultural groups within Australia such as Maoris or Australian South Sea Islanders, and groups which are spread across countries such as Kurds. Surrogate measures of ethnicity such as country of birth or languages other than English spoken at home, alone cannot identify these groups. This information is useful in developing policies which reflect the needs of our society and for the effective delivery of services to particular ethnic communities.

Ancestry multi response - counting people or responses

When ANCP is added to a table and all the individual ancestries are summed together, a total count of responses, not people, is produced. This is because each person can provide up to two ancestries. So the total count of responses for all ancestries in Australia exceeds Australia’s total population. However, when using ANCP to look at individual ancestries, the count of responses is also the count of people. This is because respondents can only state a particular ancestry once (either as ANC1P or ANC2P).

Measurement issues

The ancestry question records all claims of association with ancestries, ethnic origins and cultures. Whilst some people may respond according to how they may identify with a particular cultural group (subjectively), the intent of the question is to capture the cultural context in which they were raised (objectively). Multiple responses are encouraged. Responses to the ancestry question are coded to the ASCCEG. The classification is not intended to classify people, but rather all claims of association with an ethnic origin or cultural group, i.e. one ancestry response is not equal to one person. Many people do not relate to a single ethnic origin or cultural group and will give multiple responses to a question on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity. The ABS has developed guidelines for the coding, storage and presentation of multiple responses to questions on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity data. These guidelines are included in the ASCCEG publication.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Ancestry multi response (ANCP)
  • Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P)
  • Ancestry one or two response indicator (ANCRP)
  • Birthplace of mother (BPFP)
  • Birthplace of father (BPMP)
  • Indigenous status (INGP)

Data downloads

Ancestry 2nd response classification

Ancestry multi response (ANCP)

Definition

This variable indicates how a person identifies their ancestry. Respondents are able to provide up to two responses. These responses are combined and output into Ancestry multi response (ANCP).  

See also: Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P), Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P).

Scope

All persons

Categories

Ancestry is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceanian

1 OCEANIAN    
  10 Oceanian, nfd 
    1000 Oceanian, nfd
  11 Australian Peoples
    1100 Australian Peoples, nfd
    1101 Australian
    1102 Australian Aboriginal
    1103 Australian South Sea Islander
    1104 Torres Strait Islander
    1105 Norfolk Islander
  12 New Zealand Peoples
    1200 New Zealand Peoples, nfd
    1201 Maori
    1202 New Zealander
  13 Melanesian and Papuan
    1300 Melanesian and Papuan, nfd
    1301 New Caledonian
    1302 Ni-Vanuatu
    1303 Papua New Guinean
    1304 Solomon Islander
    1399 Melanesian and Papuan, nec
  14 Micronesian
    1400 Micronesian, nfd
    1401 I-Kiribati
    1402 Nauruan
    1499 Micronesian, nec
  15 Polynesian
    1500 Polynesian, nfd
    1501 Cook Islander
    1502 Fijian
    1503 Niuean
    1504 Samoan
    1505 Tongan
    1506 Hawaiian
    1507 Tahitian
    1508 Tokelauan
    1511 Tuvaluan
    1512 Pitcairn
    1599 Polynesian, nec

2 North-west European

2 NORTH-WEST EUROPEAN
  20 North-West European, nfd 
    2000 North-West European, nfd
  21 British  
    2100 British, nfd
    2101 English
    2102 Scottish
    2103 Welsh
    2104 Channel Islander
    2105 Manx
    2199 British, nec
  22 Irish  
    2201 Irish
  23 Western European
    2300 Western European, nfd
    2301 Austrian
    2303 Dutch
    2304 Flemish
    2305 French
    2306 German
    2307 Swiss
    2311 Belgian
    2312 Frisian
    2313 Luxembourg
    2399 Western European, nec
  24 Northern European
    2400 Northern European, nfd
    2401 Danish
    2402 Finnish
    2403 Icelandic
    2404 Norwegian
    2405 Swedish
    2499 Northern European, nec

3 Southern and Eastern European

3 SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
  30 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
    3000 Southern and Eastern European, nfd
  31 Southern European
    3100 Southern European, nfd
    3101 Basque
    3102 Catalan
    3103 Italian
    3104 Maltese
    3105 Portuguese
    3106 Spanish
    3107 Gibraltarian
    3199 Southern European, nec
  32 South Eastern European
    3200 South Eastern European, nfd
    3201 Albanian
    3202 Bosnian
    3203 Bulgarian
    3204 Croatian
    3205 Greek
    3206 Macedonian
    3207 Moldovan
    3208 Montenegrin
    3211 Romanian
    3212 Roma Gypsy
    3213 Serbian
    3214 Slovene
    3215 Cypriot
    3216 Vlach
    3299 South Eastern European, nec
  33 Eastern European
    3300 Eastern European, nfd
    3301 Belarusan
    3302 Czech
    3303 Estonian
    3304 Hungarian
    3305 Latvian
    3306 Lithuanian
    3307 Polish
    3308 Russian
    3311 Slovak
    3312 Ukrainian
    3313 Sorb/Wend
    3399 Eastern European, nec

4 North African and Middle Eastern

4 NORTH AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN
  40 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4000 North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
  41 Arab  
    4100 Arab, nfd
    4101 Algerian
    4102 Egyptian
    4103 Iraqi
    4104 Jordanian
    4105 Kuwaiti
    4106 Lebanese
    4107 Libyan
    4108 Moroccan
    4111 Palestinian
    4112 Saudi Arabian
    4113 Syrian
    4114 Tunisian
    4115 Yemeni
    4116 Bahraini
    4117 Emirati
    4118 Omani
    4121 Qatari
    4199 Arab, nec
  42 Jewish  
    4201 Jewish
  43 Peoples of the Sudan
    4300 Peoples of the Sudan, nfd
    4301 Bari
    4302 Darfur
    4303 Dinka 
    4304 Nuer
    4305 South Sudanese
    4306 Sudanese
    4399 Peoples of the Sudan, nec
  49 Other North African and Middle Eastern
    4900 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nfd
    4902 Berber
    4903 Coptic
    4904 Iranian
    4905 Kurdish
    4907 Turkish
    4908 Assyrian
    4911 Chaldean
    4912 Mandaean
    4913 Nubian 
    4914 Yezidi
    4999 Other North African and Middle Eastern, nec

5 South-East Asian

5 SOUTH-EAST ASIAN  
  50 South-East Asian, nfd
    5000 South-East Asian, nfd
  51 Mainland South-East Asian
    5100 Mainland South-East Asian, nfd
    5101 Anglo-Burmese
    5102 Burmese
    5103 Hmong
    5104 Khmer (Cambodian)
    5105 Lao
    5106 Thai
    5107 Vietnamese
    5108 Karen
    5111 Mon
    5112 Chin
    5113 Rohingya
    5199 Mainland South-East Asian, nec
  52 Maritime South-East Asian
    5200 Maritime South-East Asian, nfd
    5201 Filipino
    5202 Indonesian
    5203 Javanese
    5204 Madurese
    5205 Malay
    5206 Sundanese
    5207 Timorese
    5208 Acehnese
    5211 Balinese
    5212 Bruneian
    5213 Kadazan
    5214 Singaporean
    5215 Temoq
    5299 Maritime South-East Asian, nec

6 North-East Asian

6 NORTH-EAST ASIAN  
  60 North-East Asian, nfd
    6000 North-East Asian, nfd
  61 Chinese Asian
    6100 Chinese Asian, nfd
    6101 Chinese
    6102 Taiwanese
    6199 Chinese Asian, nec
  69 Other North-East Asian
    6900 Other North-East Asian, nfd
    6901 Japanese
    6902 Korean
    6903 Mongolian
    6904 Tibetan
    6999 Other North-East Asian, nec

7 Southern and Central Asian

7 SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL ASIAN
  70 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
    7000 Southern and Central Asian, nfd
  71 Southern Asian
    7100 Southern Asian, nfd
    7101 Anglo-Indian
    7102 Bengali
    7103 Burgher
    7104 Gujarati
    7106 Indian
    7107 Malayali
    7111 Nepalese
    7112 Pakistani
    7113 Punjabi
    7114 Sikh
    7115 Sinhalese
    7117 Maldivian
    7118 Bangladeshi
    7121 Bhutanese
    7122 Fijian Indian 
    7123 Kashmiri
    7124 Parsi
    7125 Sindhi
    7126 Sri Lankan
    7127 Sri Lankan Tamil
    7128 Indian Tamil 
    7131 Tamil, nfd
    7132 Telugu
    7199 Southern Asian, nec
  72 Central Asian
    7200 Central Asian, nfd
    7201 Afghan
    7202 Armenian
    7203 Georgian
    7204 Kazakh
    7205 Pathan
    7206 Uzbek
    7207 Azeri
    7208 Hazara
    7211 Tajik
    7212 Tatar
    7213 Turkmen
    7214 Uighur
    7215 Kyrgyz
    7299 Central Asian, nec

8 Peoples of the Americas

8 PEOPLES OF THE AMERICAS
  80 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
    8000 Peoples of the Americas, nfd
  81 North American
    8100 North American, nfd
    8101 African American
    8102 American
    8103 Canadian
    8104 French Canadian
    8105 Hispanic North American
    8106 Native North American Indian
    8107 Bermudan
    8199 North American, nec
  82 South American
    8200 South American, nfd
    8201 Argentinian
    8202 Bolivian
    8203 Brazilian
    8204 Chilean
    8205 Colombian
    8206 Ecuadorian
    8207 Guyanese
    8208 Peruvian
    8211 Uruguayan
    8212 Venezuelan
    8213 Paraguayan
    8299 South American, nec
  83 Central American
    8300 Central American, nfd
    8301 Mexican
    8302 Nicaraguan
    8303 Salvadoran
    8304 Costa Rican
    8305 Guatemalan
    8306 Mayan
    8399 Central American, nec
  84 Caribbean Islander
    8400 Caribbean Islander, nfd
    8401 Cuban
    8402 Jamaican
    8403 Trinidadian Tobagonian
    8404 Barbadian
    8405 Puerto Rican
    8499 Caribbean Islander, nec

9 Sub-Saharan African

9 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN
  90 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
    9000 Sub-Saharan African, nfd
  91 Central and West African
    9100 Central and West African, nfd
    9101 Akan
    9102 Fulani
    9103 Ghanaian
    9104 Nigerian
    9105 Yoruba
    9106 Ivorean
    9107 Liberian
    9108 Sierra Leonean
    9111 Acholi
    9112 Cameroonian
    9113 Congolese
    9114 Gio
    9115 Igbo
    9116 Krahn
    9117 Mandinka
    9118 Senegalese
    9121 Themne
    9122 Togolese
    9199 Central and West African, nec
  92 Southern and East African
    9200 Southern and East African, nfd
    9201 Afrikaner
    9202 Angolan
    9203 Eritrean
    9204 Ethiopian
    9205 Kenyan
    9206 Malawian
    9207 Mauritian
    9208 Mozambican
    9211 Namibian
    9212 Oromo
    9213 Seychellois
    9214 Somali
    9215 South African
    9216 Tanzanian
    9217 Ugandan
    9218 Zambian
    9221 Zimbabwean
    9222 Amhara
    9223 Batswana
    9225 Hutu
    9226 Masai
    9228 Tigrayan
    9231 Tigre
    9232 Zulu
    9233 Burundian
    9234 Kunama
    9235 Madi
    9236 Ogaden
    9237 Rwandan
    9238 Shona
    9241 Swahili
    9242 Swazilander
    9299 Southern and East African, nec

Supplementary codes

0 SUPPLEMENTARY CODES
  00 Inadequately described
    0000 Inadequately described
  09 So described, nfd
    0901 Eurasian, so described
    0902 Asian, so described
    0903 African, so described
    0904 European, so described
    0905 Caucasian, so described
    0906 Creole, so described
& Not stated    
  && Not stated  
    &&&& Not stated
@ Not applicable  
  @@ Not applicable
     @@@@ Not applicable
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
    VVVV Overseas visitor

Not applicable (@@@@) comprises:

  • Persons who provided a first ancestry but did not provide a second
  • ANC1P not stated

Number of categories: 

  • One-digit level: 13
  • Two-digit level: 42   
  • Four-digit level: 323

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

What is the person’s ancestry?

What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information Person's ancestry English Irish Scottish Chinese Italian German Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Australian Other ancestry 1 (please specify) Other ancestry 2 (please specify)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information If more than two ancestries apply, provide the two ancestries the person most closely identifies with. If you are unclear about what ancestry you should include, consider the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's parents and/or grandparents as a guide. If the person is a Pacific Islander, report their ancestry as accurately as possible, for example, Samoan, Tongan or Cook Islander. If the person is a descendant of South Sea Islanders brought to Australia as labourers at the turn of the twentieth century, please answer ‘Australian South Sea Islander’. For ancestries not listed, please select the 'Other ancestry 1 (please specify)' option and enter the name of the ancestry in the box and, if needed, 'Other ancestry 2 (please specify)'.

How this variable is created

The three ancestry variables are created from responses to the ancestry question on the Census form. The allocation of ancestries to the variables ANC1P and ANC2P are administrative only and based on the order in which the responses are processed. These two ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) are combined into one variable, ANCP.

Respondents can select their ancestry by using the mark boxes, and/or the write in response boxes. The most common ancestry responses from the 2016 Census are the mark box options on the 2021 Census form, with the addition of separate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mark boxes. Most responses for ancestry are captured in the mark box responses, but overall, the following scenarios apply:

  • Written responses are first coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding. The remaining responses require manual coding.
  • Where respondents report more than two ancestries, only two are processed.
  • Where only one ancestry was provided, ANC2P is recorded as ‘Not applicable’.
  • Ancestry is coded using the ASCCEG. If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

Ancestry was first included as a question in the 1986 Census. The aim of the question was to measure the ethnic composition of the population, but it did not perform as expected for this purpose as there was a high level of subjectivity and lack of clarity about what the question meant. Consequently, ancestry was not included in either the 1991 or 1996 censuses.

In 2001, the question was asked again with instructions to 'Provide more than one ancestry if necessary', and to consider their parents, grandparents, and great grandparents.

For the 2006 and 2011 censuses, respondents were asked to mark the ancestries they most closely identified with and to consider their ancestry back as far as two generations (i.e. their parents and grandparents). Respondents were asked to report at least one ancestry, but no more than two ancestries.

For the 2016 Census the format of the ancestry question was revised to provide two distinct text response areas for separate written ancestry responses. This change aimed to clarify responses and improve autocoding rates.

The 2021 Census includes mark boxes for both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestries. It is expected these additional mark boxes will result in less people checking the ‘Australian’ mark box, and instead choosing to specify Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestries. For people completing the Census online and who identify as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person, these new response categories will be displayed at the top of the list.

For 2021, the order of the response categories has been updated based on frequency of reporting in the 2016 Census:

  • ‘Italian’ moved from 3rd position to 5th position
  • ‘German’ moved from 5th position to 6th position
  • ‘Chinese’ moved from 6th position to 4th position

As with previous censuses, 'Australian' is placed as the last option for selection (prior to the text entry boxes for 'Other ancestry/s') to encourage reporting of non-Australian ancestries where relevant.

For 2021, the other examples in the instructional text were updated.

For 2021, Norfolk Islander (code 1105) has been added in the updated classification to capture an ancestry reported by Norfolk Island residents following Norfolk Island’s inclusion in the Australian Census of Population and Housing for the first time in 2016.

Data use considerations

Ancestry can be related to the place a person or their parents or grandparents were born or the cultural group they most identify with. For example, a person may have been born in Australia, but they have Papua New Guinean ancestry. This helps us understand our diverse culture.

To accurately understand ancestry data, both ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) must be used. There are two ancestry variables because Census respondents are able to report up to two ancestries in their response to the question on ancestry. Respondents do not have the option of ranking their answers to the ancestry question, so where a respondent reports two ancestries, they have equal standing. The basis for allocating ancestries to the variables ANC1P and ANC2P is based on the order in which they are processed. These two ancestry variables (ANC1P and ANC2P) are combined into one variable, ANCP.

The item non-response rate for the Ancestry question was 6.2% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.0% in 2016. 

Ethnicity

The ancestry variables provide a self-assessed measure of ethnicity and cultural background, which, when used in conjunction with the person’s and their parents' countries of birth provides a good indication of the ethnic background of first and second generation Australians. Ancestry in the Australian context is complex as there are many Australians with origins and heritage that do not, in practice, relate to their current ethnic identity. When Ancestry data is used alone, it should only be done to represent a broad measure of cultural diversity. Ancestry is particularly useful to identify distinct ethnic or cultural groups within Australia such as Maoris or Australian South Sea Islanders, and groups which are spread across countries such as Kurds. Surrogate measures of ethnicity such as country of birth or languages other than English spoken at home, alone cannot identify these groups. This information is useful in developing policies which reflect the needs of our society and for the effective delivery of services to particular ethnic communities.

Ancestry multi response -  counting people or responses

When ANCP is added to a table and all the individual ancestries are summed together, a total count of responses, not people, is produced. This is because each person can provide up to two ancestries. So the total count of responses for all ancestries in Australia exceeds Australia’s total population. However, when using ANCP to look at individual ancestries, the count of responses is also the count of people. This is because respondents can only state a particular ancestry once (either as ANC1P or ANC2P).

Measurement issues

The Ancestry question records all claims of association with ancestries, ethnic origins and cultures. Whilst some people may respond according to how they may identify with a particular cultural group (subjectively), the intent of the question is to capture the cultural context in which they were raised (objectively). Multiple responses are encouraged. Responses to the ancestry question are coded to the ASCCEG. The classification is not intended to classify people, but rather all claims of association with an ethnic origin or cultural group, i.e. one ancestry response is not equal to one person. Many people do not relate to a single ethnic origin or cultural group and will give multiple responses to a question on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity. The ABS has developed guidelines for the coding, storage and presentation of multiple responses to questions on ancestry, ethnicity or cultural identity data. These guidelines are included in the ASCCEG publication.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P)
  • Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P)
  • Ancestry one or two response indicator (ANCRP)
  • Birthplace of mother (BPFP)
  • Birthplace of father (BPMP)
  • Indigenous status (INGP)

Data downloads

Ancestry multi response classification

Ancestry one or two response indicator (ANCRP)

Definition

This variable indicates whether a person provided one response or two responses to the ancestry question.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 One response
2 Two responses
& Not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories:  4

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

What is the person’s ancestry?

What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information Person's ancestry English Irish Scottish Chinese Italian German Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Australian Other ancestry 1 (please specify) Other ancestry 2 (please specify)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s ancestry?
What is Person 1's ancestry? Provide up to two ancestries only. Examples of ‘Other ancestry’: Croatian, Serbian, Filipino, Tamil, Sinhalese, Hmong, Maori, Pitcairn, Australian South Sea Islander. More information If more than two ancestries apply, provide the two ancestries the person most closely identifies with. If you are unclear about what ancestry you should include, consider the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's parents and/or grandparents as a guide. If the person is a Pacific Islander, report their ancestry as accurately as possible, for example, Samoan, Tongan or Cook Islander. If the person is a descendant of South Sea Islanders brought to Australia as labourers at the turn of the twentieth century, please answer ‘Australian South Sea Islander’. For ancestries not listed, please select the 'Other ancestry 1 (please specify)' option and enter the name of the ancestry in the box and, if needed, 'Other ancestry 2 (please specify)'.

How this variable is created

This variable is derived from responses to the ancestry question. Respondents can provide up to two ancestries. When a respondent reports one ancestry they are coded to ‘One response’ and when a respondent reports two ancestries, they are coded to ‘Two responses’. Where a respondent does not answer the question, they are coded to ‘Not stated’.

History and changes

This is a new variable for 2021.

Data use considerations

This variable allows data users to understand whether a person provided one or two responses to the ancestry question.

The item non-response rate for the Ancestry question was 6.2% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.0% in 2016. 

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Ancestry multi response (ANCP)
  • Ancestry 1st response (ANC1P)
  • Ancestry 2nd response (ANC2P)

Country of birth of mother (BPFP)

Definition

This variable indicates the country in which a person’s mother was born.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Country of birth of mother is coded using the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceania and Antarctica

 1 Oceania and Antarctica
   10 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
     1000 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
   11 Australia (includes External Territories)
     1100 Australia (includes External Territories), nfd
     1101 Australia
     1102 Norfolk Island
     1199 Australian External Territories, nec
   12 New Zealand
     1201 New Zealand
   13 Melanesia  
     1300 Melanesia, nfd
     1301 New Caledonia
     1302 Papua New Guinea
     1303 Solomon Islands
     1304 Vanuatu
   14 Micronesia
     1400 Micronesia, nfd
     1401 Guam
     1402 Kiribati
     1403 Marshall Islands
     1404 Micronesia, Federated States of
     1405 Nauru
     1406 Northern Mariana Islands
     1407 Palau
   15 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii)
     1500 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nfd
     1501 Cook Islands
     1502 Fiji
     1503 French Polynesia
     1504 Niue
     1505 Samoa
     1506 Samoa, American
     1507 Tokelau
     1508 Tonga
     1511 Tuvalu
     1512 Wallis and Futuna
     1513 Pitcairn Islands
     1599 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nec
   16 Antarctica  
     1600 Antarctica, nfd
     1601 Adelie Land (France)
     1602 Argentinian Antarctic Territory
     1603 Australian Antarctic Territory
     1604 British Antarctic Territory
     1605 Chilean Antarctic Territory
     1606 Queen Maud Land (Norway)
     1607 Ross Dependency (New Zealand)

2 North-West Europe

 2 North-West Europe  
   20 North-West Europe, nfd
     2000 North-West Europe, nfd
   21 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man
     2100 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, nfd
     2102 England
     2103 Isle of Man
     2104 Northern Ireland
     2105 Scotland
     2106 Wales
     2107 Guernsey
     2108 Jersey
   22 Ireland  
     2201 Ireland
   23 Western Europe
     2300 Western Europe, nfd
     2301 Austria
     2302 Belgium
     2303 France
     2304 Germany
     2305 Liechtenstein
     2306 Luxembourg
     2307 Monaco
     2308 Netherlands
     2311 Switzerland
   24 Northern Europe
     2400 Northern Europe, nfd
     2401 Denmark
     2402 Faroe Islands
     2403 Finland
     2404 Greenland
     2405 Iceland
     2406 Norway
     2407 Sweden
     2408 Aland Islands

3 Southern and Eastern Europe

 3 Southern and Eastern Europe
   30 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
     3000 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
   31 Southern Europe
     3100 Southern Europe, nfd
     3101 Andorra
     3102 Gibraltar
     3103 Holy See
     3104 Italy
     3105 Malta
     3106 Portugal
     3107 San Marino
     3108 Spain
   32 South Eastern Europe
     3200 South Eastern Europe, nfd
     3201 Albania
     3202 Bosnia and Herzegovina
     3203 Bulgaria
     3204 Croatia
     3205 Cyprus
     3206 North Macedonia
     3207 Greece
     3208 Moldova
     3211 Romania
     3212 Slovenia
     3214 Montenegro
     3215 Serbia
     3216 Kosovo
   33 Eastern Europe
     3300 Eastern Europe, nfd
     3301 Belarus
     3302 Czechia
     3303 Estonia
     3304 Hungary
     3305 Latvia
     3306 Lithuania
     3307 Poland
     3308 Russian Federation
     3311 Slovakia
     3312 Ukraine

4 North Africa and the Middle East

 4 North Africa and the Middle East
   40 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
     4000 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
   41 North Africa
     4100 North Africa, nfd
     4101 Algeria
     4102 Egypt
     4103 Libya
     4104 Morocco
     4105 Sudan
     4106 Tunisia
     4107 Western Sahara
     4108 Spanish North Africa
     4111 South Sudan
   42 Middle East
     4200 Middle East, nfd
     4201 Bahrain
     4202 Gaza Strip and West Bank
     4203 Iran
     4204 Iraq
     4205 Israel
     4206 Jordan
     4207 Kuwait
     4208 Lebanon
     4211 Oman
     4212 Qatar
     4213 Saudi Arabia
     4214 Syria
     4215 Turkey
     4216 United Arab Emirates
     4217 Yemen

5 South-East Asia

 5 South-East Asia  
   50 South-East Asia, nfd
     5000 South-East Asia, nfd
   51 Mainland South-East Asia
     5100 Mainland South-East Asia, nfd
     5101 Myanmar
     5102 Cambodia
     5103 Laos
     5104 Thailand
     5105 Vietnam
   52 Maritime South-East Asia
     5200 Maritime South-East Asia, nfd
     5201 Brunei Darussalam
     5202 Indonesia
     5203 Malaysia
     5204 Philippines
     5205 Singapore
     5206 Timor-Leste

6 North-East Asia

 6 North-East Asia  
   60 North-East Asia, nfd
     6000 North-East Asia, nfd
   61 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia)
     6100 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia), nfd
     6101 China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)
     6102 Hong Kong (SAR of China)
     6103 Macau (SAR of China)
     6104 Mongolia
     6105 Taiwan
   62 Japan and the Koreas
     6200 Japan and the Koreas, nfd
     6201 Japan
     6202 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North)
     6203 Korea, Republic of (South)

7 Southern and Central Asia

 7 Southern and Central Asia
   70 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
     7000 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
   71 Southern Asia
     7100 Southern Asia, nfd
     7101 Bangladesh
     7102 Bhutan
     7103 India
     7104 Maldives
     7105 Nepal
     7106 Pakistan
     7107 Sri Lanka
   72 Central Asia
     7200 Central Asia, nfd
     7201 Afghanistan
     7202 Armenia
     7203 Azerbaijan
     7204 Georgia
     7205 Kazakhstan
     7206 Kyrgyzstan
     7207 Tajikistan
     7208 Turkmenistan
     7211 Uzbekistan

8 Americas

 8 Americas    
   80 Americas, nfd
     8000 Americas, nfd
   81 Northern America
     8100 Northern America, nfd
     8101 Bermuda
     8102 Canada
     8103 St Pierre and Miquelon
     8104 United States of America
   82 South America
     8200 South America, nfd
     8201 Argentina
     8202 Bolivia
     8203 Brazil
     8204 Chile
     8205 Colombia
     8206 Ecuador
     8207 Falkland Islands
     8208 French Guiana
     8211 Guyana
     8212 Paraguay
     8213 Peru
     8214 Suriname
     8215 Uruguay
     8216 Venezuela
     8299 South America, nec
   83 Central America
     8300 Central America, nfd
     8301 Belize
     8302 Costa Rica
     8303 El Salvador
     8304 Guatemala
     8305 Honduras
     8306 Mexico
     8307 Nicaragua
     8308 Panama
   84 Caribbean  
     8400 Caribbean, nfd
     8401 Anguilla
     8402 Antigua and Barbuda
     8403 Aruba
     8404 Bahamas
     8405 Barbados
     8406 Cayman Islands
     8407 Cuba
     8408 Dominica
     8411 Dominican Republic
     8412 Grenada
     8413 Guadeloupe
     8414 Haiti
     8415 Jamaica
     8416 Martinique
     8417 Montserrat
     8421 Puerto Rico
     8422 St Kitts and Nevis
     8423 St Lucia
     8424 St Vincent and the Grenadines
     8425 Trinidad and Tobago
     8426 Turks and Caicos Islands
     8427 Virgin Islands, British
     8428 Virgin Islands, United States
     8431 St Barthelemy
     8432 St Martin (French part)
     8433 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
     8434 Curacao
     8435 Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

9 Sub-Saharan Africa

 9 Sub-Saharan Africa  
   90 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
     9000 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
   91 Central and West Africa
     9100 Central and West Africa, nfd
     9101 Benin
     9102 Burkina Faso
     9103 Cameroon
     9104 Cabo Verde
     9105 Central African Republic
     9106 Chad
     9107 Congo, Republic of
     9108 Congo, Democratic Republic of
     9111 Cote d'Ivoire
     9112 Equatorial Guinea
     9113 Gabon
     9114 Gambia
     9115 Ghana
     9116 Guinea
     9117 Guinea-Bissau
     9118 Liberia
     9121 Mali
     9122 Mauritania
     9123 Niger
     9124 Nigeria
     9125 Sao Tome and Principe
     9126 Senegal
     9127 Sierra Leone
     9128 Togo
   92 Southern and East Africa
     9200 Southern and East Africa, nfd
     9201 Angola
     9202 Botswana
     9203 Burundi
     9204 Comoros
     9205 Djibouti
     9206 Eritrea
     9207 Ethiopia
     9208 Kenya
     9211 Lesotho
     9212 Madagascar
     9213 Malawi
     9214 Mauritius
     9215 Mayotte
     9216 Mozambique
     9217 Namibia
     9218 Reunion
     9221 Rwanda
     9222 St Helena
     9223 Seychelles
     9224 Somalia
     9225 South Africa
     9226 Eswatini
     9227 Tanzania
     9228 Uganda
     9231 Zambia
     9232 Zimbabwe
     9299 Southern and East Africa, nec

 Supplementary Codes

0 Supplementary codes
  00 Supplementary codes
     0000 Inadequately described
     0001 At sea
& Not stated  
  && Not stated  
     &&&& Not stated
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
     VVVV Overseas visitor

Number of categories:

  • One-digit level: 12
  • Two-digit level: 39
  • Four-digit level: 293

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

In which country was the person’s mother born?

In which country was the person’s mother born?
In which country was Person 1's mother born? If the person does not know their birth mother, and has a second parent, please include the country of birth of the second parent here. If the person has same-sex parents, include the country of birth of one of the two parents here. This information is collected from everybody, even children whose parents have already provided their country of birth. This avoids making assumptions about family relationships. Mother's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

How this variable is created

Country of birth of mother (BPFP) is a person variable that is created based on the response to country of birth of mother question. On the paper form, respondents may either use a mark box to indicate Australia or write the name of any other country in the text field. On the online form, the question uses a combination of mark boxes for the most frequent responses expected, accompanied by a text field to capture all other responses. The options are ordered based on the relative number of responses received in the 2016 Census.

Any typed country of birth response will also appear as an option for that person’s country of birth of mother.

The majority of responses for country of birth of person are captured automatically from the mark box response. Written responses are coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding processes. The remaining responses require manual coding processes when they cannot be coded or derived automatically.

If a person:

  • uses a former country name, it is coded to the current country name (for example, Siam would be coded to Thailand)
  • has marked Australia and given a text response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra response is rejected
  • does not answer the question, and a mother has been identified for the family unit on the same Census form, then the mother’s birthplace is coded as the mother’s country of birth, for that respondent.

BPFP is coded using the SACC.  If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

A question relating to BPFP was first asked in the 1921 Census, but not included again until 1971 and has been included in all Australian censuses from 1971.

Prior to the 2001 Census, respondents were asked to write in their mother's birthplace as a text response.

From 2001 to 2011, the question was simplified to a simple mark box with two options for either Australia or Overseas. This was done following the introduction of a question on a person's ancestry.

For the 2016 Census, the question format was changed to again allow respondents to provide details for the country of birth of their mother where it was not Australia. Respondents were asked to use a mark box to respond for Australia, or a text field to specify any other country.

For the first time, the 2021 Census included instructions to provide guidance on situations where the birth parent is unknown and there is a second parent, or the person has same-sex parents.

There have been changes to the SACC for 2021:

  • 3302 'Czech Republic' has been changed to 'Czechia'
  • 9226 'Swaziland' has been changed to 'Eswatini'
  • 3206 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' has been changed to 'North Macedonia'
  • 2402 spelling of 'Faeroe Islands' has been changed to 'Faroe Islands'

Data use considerations

Data on country of birth provide important information on ethnicity when used with Ancestry multi response (ANCP), Language used at home (LANP) and Religious affiliation (RELP).

The non-response rate for Country of birth of mother (BPFP) was 5.6% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.7% in 2016.

Related variables and glossary terms

Data downloads

Country of birth of mother classification

Country of birth of person (BPLP)

Definition

This variable indicates in which country a person was born.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Country of birth of person is coded using the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceania and Antarctica

 1 Oceania and Antarctica
   10 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
     1000 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
   11 Australia (includes External Territories)
     1100 Australia (includes External Territories), nfd
     1101 Australia
     1102 Norfolk Island
     1199 Australian External Territories, nec
   12 New Zealand
     1201 New Zealand
   13 Melanesia  
     1300 Melanesia, nfd
     1301 New Caledonia
     1302 Papua New Guinea
     1303 Solomon Islands
     1304 Vanuatu
   14 Micronesia
     1400 Micronesia, nfd
     1401 Guam
     1402 Kiribati
     1403 Marshall Islands
     1404 Micronesia, Federated States of
     1405 Nauru
     1406 Northern Mariana Islands
     1407 Palau
   15 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii)
     1500 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nfd
     1501 Cook Islands
     1502 Fiji
     1503 French Polynesia
     1504 Niue
     1505 Samoa
     1506 Samoa, American
     1507 Tokelau
     1508 Tonga
     1511 Tuvalu
     1512 Wallis and Futuna
     1513 Pitcairn Islands
     1599 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nec
   16 Antarctica  
     1600 Antarctica, nfd
     1601 Adelie Land (France)
     1602 Argentinian Antarctic Territory
     1603 Australian Antarctic Territory
     1604 British Antarctic Territory
     1605 Chilean Antarctic Territory
     1606 Queen Maud Land (Norway)
     1607 Ross Dependency (New Zealand)

2 North-West Europe

 2 North-West Europe  
   20 North-West Europe, nfd
     2000 North-West Europe, nfd
   21 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man
     2100 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, nfd
     2102 England
     2103 Isle of Man
     2104 Northern Ireland
     2105 Scotland
     2106 Wales
     2107 Guernsey
     2108 Jersey
   22 Ireland  
     2201 Ireland
   23 Western Europe
     2300 Western Europe, nfd
     2301 Austria
     2302 Belgium
     2303 France
     2304 Germany
     2305 Liechtenstein
     2306 Luxembourg
     2307 Monaco
     2308 Netherlands
     2311 Switzerland
   24 Northern Europe
     2400 Northern Europe, nfd
     2401 Denmark
     2402 Faroe Islands
     2403 Finland
     2404 Greenland
     2405 Iceland
     2406 Norway
     2407 Sweden
     2408 Aland Islands

3 Southern and Eastern Europe

 3 Southern and Eastern Europe
   30 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
     3000 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
   31 Southern Europe
     3100 Southern Europe, nfd
     3101 Andorra
     3102 Gibraltar
     3103 Holy See
     3104 Italy
     3105 Malta
     3106 Portugal
     3107 San Marino
     3108 Spain
   32 South Eastern Europe
     3200 South Eastern Europe, nfd
     3201 Albania
     3202 Bosnia and Herzegovina
     3203 Bulgaria
     3204 Croatia
     3205 Cyprus
     3206 North Macedonia
     3207 Greece
     3208 Moldova
     3211 Romania
     3212 Slovenia
     3214 Montenegro
     3215 Serbia
     3216 Kosovo
   33 Eastern Europe
     3300 Eastern Europe, nfd
     3301 Belarus
     3302 Czechia
     3303 Estonia
     3304 Hungary
     3305 Latvia
     3306 Lithuania
     3307 Poland
     3308 Russian Federation
     3311 Slovakia
     3312 Ukraine

4 North Africa and the Middle East

 4 North Africa and the Middle East
   40 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
     4000 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
   41 North Africa
     4100 North Africa, nfd
     4101 Algeria
     4102 Egypt
     4103 Libya
     4104 Morocco
     4105 Sudan
     4106 Tunisia
     4107 Western Sahara
     4108 Spanish North Africa
     4111 South Sudan
   42 Middle East
     4200 Middle East, nfd
     4201 Bahrain
     4202 Gaza Strip and West Bank
     4203 Iran
     4204 Iraq
     4205 Israel
     4206 Jordan
     4207 Kuwait
     4208 Lebanon
     4211 Oman
     4212 Qatar
     4213 Saudi Arabia
     4214 Syria
     4215 Turkey
     4216 United Arab Emirates
     4217 Yemen

5 South-East Asia

 5 South-East Asia  
   50 South-East Asia, nfd
     5000 South-East Asia, nfd
   51 Mainland South-East Asia
     5100 Mainland South-East Asia, nfd
     5101 Myanmar
     5102 Cambodia
     5103 Laos
     5104 Thailand
     5105 Vietnam
   52 Maritime South-East Asia
     5200 Maritime South-East Asia, nfd
     5201 Brunei Darussalam
     5202 Indonesia
     5203 Malaysia
     5204 Philippines
     5205 Singapore
     5206 Timor-Leste

6 North-East Asia

 6 North-East Asia  
   60 North-East Asia, nfd
     6000 North-East Asia, nfd
   61 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia)
     6100 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia), nfd
     6101 China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)
     6102 Hong Kong (SAR of China)
     6103 Macau (SAR of China)
     6104 Mongolia
     6105 Taiwan
   62 Japan and the Koreas
     6200 Japan and the Koreas, nfd
     6201 Japan
     6202 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North)
     6203 Korea, Republic of (South)

7 Southern and Central Asia

 7 Southern and Central Asia
   70 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
     7000 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
   71 Southern Asia
     7100 Southern Asia, nfd
     7101 Bangladesh
     7102 Bhutan
     7103 India
     7104 Maldives
     7105 Nepal
     7106 Pakistan
     7107 Sri Lanka
   72 Central Asia
     7200 Central Asia, nfd
     7201 Afghanistan
     7202 Armenia
     7203 Azerbaijan
     7204 Georgia
     7205 Kazakhstan
     7206 Kyrgyzstan
     7207 Tajikistan
     7208 Turkmenistan
     7211 Uzbekistan

8 Americas

 8 Americas    
   80 Americas, nfd
     8000 Americas, nfd
   81 Northern America
     8100 Northern America, nfd
     8101 Bermuda
     8102 Canada
     8103 St Pierre and Miquelon
     8104 United States of America
   82 South America
     8200 South America, nfd
     8201 Argentina
     8202 Bolivia
     8203 Brazil
     8204 Chile
     8205 Colombia
     8206 Ecuador
     8207 Falkland Islands
     8208 French Guiana
     8211 Guyana
     8212 Paraguay
     8213 Peru
     8214 Suriname
     8215 Uruguay
     8216 Venezuela
     8299 South America, nec
   83 Central America
     8300 Central America, nfd
     8301 Belize
     8302 Costa Rica
     8303 El Salvador
     8304 Guatemala
     8305 Honduras
     8306 Mexico
     8307 Nicaragua
     8308 Panama
   84 Caribbean  
     8400 Caribbean, nfd
     8401 Anguilla
     8402 Antigua and Barbuda
     8403 Aruba
     8404 Bahamas
     8405 Barbados
     8406 Cayman Islands
     8407 Cuba
     8408 Dominica
     8411 Dominican Republic
     8412 Grenada
     8413 Guadeloupe
     8414 Haiti
     8415 Jamaica
     8416 Martinique
     8417 Montserrat
     8421 Puerto Rico
     8422 St Kitts and Nevis
     8423 St Lucia
     8424 St Vincent and the Grenadines
     8425 Trinidad and Tobago
     8426 Turks and Caicos Islands
     8427 Virgin Islands, British
     8428 Virgin Islands, United States
     8431 St Barthelemy
     8432 St Martin (French part)
     8433 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
     8434 Curacao
     8435 Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

9 Sub-Saharan Africa

 9 Sub-Saharan Africa  
   90 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
     9000 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
   91 Central and West Africa
     9100 Central and West Africa, nfd
     9101 Benin
     9102 Burkina Faso
     9103 Cameroon
     9104 Cabo Verde
     9105 Central African Republic
     9106 Chad
     9107 Congo, Republic of
     9108 Congo, Democratic Republic of
     9111 Cote d'Ivoire
     9112 Equatorial Guinea
     9113 Gabon
     9114 Gambia
     9115 Ghana
     9116 Guinea
     9117 Guinea-Bissau
     9118 Liberia
     9121 Mali
     9122 Mauritania
     9123 Niger
     9124 Nigeria
     9125 Sao Tome and Principe
     9126 Senegal
     9127 Sierra Leone
     9128 Togo
   92 Southern and East Africa
     9200 Southern and East Africa, nfd
     9201 Angola
     9202 Botswana
     9203 Burundi
     9204 Comoros
     9205 Djibouti
     9206 Eritrea
     9207 Ethiopia
     9208 Kenya
     9211 Lesotho
     9212 Madagascar
     9213 Malawi
     9214 Mauritius
     9215 Mayotte
     9216 Mozambique
     9217 Namibia
     9218 Reunion
     9221 Rwanda
     9222 St Helena
     9223 Seychelles
     9224 Somalia
     9225 South Africa
     9226 Eswatini
     9227 Tanzania
     9228 Uganda
     9231 Zambia
     9232 Zimbabwe
     9299 Southern and East Africa, nec

Supplementary Codes

0 Supplementary codes
  00 Supplementary codes
     0000 Inadequately described
     0001 At sea
& Not stated  
  && Not stated  
     &&&& Not stated
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
     VVVV Overseas visitor

Number of categories:

  • One-digit level: 12
  • Two-digit level: 39  
  • Four-digit level: 293

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

In which country was the person born?

In which country was the person born?
In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

Example

Example response to: In which country was the person born? England response selected.
In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England (selected response) New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

Example 2

Example response to: In which country was the person born? Australia response selected.
In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia (selected response) England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify) Arrival in Australia This question does not apply, based on your answer to the Country of Birth question.

How this variable is created

This variable is created based on the response to the country of birth of person question. Respondents may either use a mark box to indicate the country of birth or write the name of the country in the text field.

The majority of responses for country of birth of person are captured automatically from the mark box response. Written responses are coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding processes. The remaining responses require manual coding processes when they cannot be coded or derived automatically.

If a person:

  • uses a former country name, it is coded to the current country name (for example, Siam would be coded to Thailand)
  • has marked Australia and given a text response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra response is rejected.

In a small number of cases where country of birth is not stated, the category 'Born in Australia' is derived. This occurs when the person's father or mother was counted in the same dwelling and reported that they were born in Australia. If insufficient information was provided to derive a country response category, it remains as ‘Not stated’.

Country of birth is coded using the SACC. If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

This variable was first reported in 1911, and prior to 2006, it was referred to as 'Birthplace' rather than 'Country of birth'.

For 2021, the order of the response categories has been updated to reflect the most common answers from the 2016 Census:

  • ‘Philippines’ moved from 7th to 5th position
  • ‘Italy’ moved from 5th to 7th position.

Although China is a country in which a large proportion of Australia's population were born, China does not have a response category on the form. This is to allow people to write in:

  • China
  • Hong Kong
  • Macau, or
  • Taiwan.

There have been changes to the SACC for 2021:

  • 3302 'Czech Republic' has been changed to 'Czechia'
  • 9226 'Swaziland' has been changed to 'Eswatini'
  • 3206 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' has been changed to 'North Macedonia'
  • 2402 spelling of 'Faeroe Islands' has been changed to 'Faroe Islands'.

Data use considerations

The measurement of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Australian population, and the degree to which Australians retain their ethnic and cultural identity, is primarily based on the use of a number of Census variables related to a person's origin, including:

  • Ancestry multi response (ANCP)
  • Language used at home (LANP)
  • Religious affiliation (RELP)

The non-response rate for Country of birth of person (BPLP) was 5.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.9% in 2016. 

Related variables and glossary terms

Data downloads

Country of birth of person classification

Country of birth of father (BPMP)

Definition

This variable indicates the country of birth of each person's father.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Country of birth of father is coded using the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

1 Oceania and Antarctica

 1 Oceania and Antarctica
   10 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
     1000 Oceania and Antarctica, nfd
   11 Australia (includes External Territories)
     1100 Australia (includes External Territories), nfd
     1101 Australia
     1102 Norfolk Island
     1199 Australian External Territories, nec
   12 New Zealand
     1201 New Zealand
   13 Melanesia  
     1300 Melanesia, nfd
     1301 New Caledonia
     1302 Papua New Guinea
     1303 Solomon Islands
     1304 Vanuatu
   14 Micronesia
     1400 Micronesia, nfd
     1401 Guam
     1402 Kiribati
     1403 Marshall Islands
     1404 Micronesia, Federated States of
     1405 Nauru
     1406 Northern Mariana Islands
     1407 Palau
   15 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii)
     1500 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nfd
     1501 Cook Islands
     1502 Fiji
     1503 French Polynesia
     1504 Niue
     1505 Samoa
     1506 Samoa, American
     1507 Tokelau
     1508 Tonga
     1511 Tuvalu
     1512 Wallis and Futuna
     1513 Pitcairn Islands
     1599 Polynesia (excludes Hawaii), nec
   16 Antarctica  
     1600 Antarctica, nfd
     1601 Adelie Land (France)
     1602 Argentinian Antarctic Territory
     1603 Australian Antarctic Territory
     1604 British Antarctic Territory
     1605 Chilean Antarctic Territory
     1606 Queen Maud Land (Norway)
     1607 Ross Dependency (New Zealand)

2 North-West Europe

 2 North-West Europe  
   20 North-West Europe, nfd
     2000 North-West Europe, nfd
   21 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man
     2100 United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, nfd
     2102 England
     2103 Isle of Man
     2104 Northern Ireland
     2105 Scotland
     2106 Wales
     2107 Guernsey
     2108 Jersey
   22 Ireland  
     2201 Ireland
   23 Western Europe
     2300 Western Europe, nfd
     2301 Austria
     2302 Belgium
     2303 France
     2304 Germany
     2305 Liechtenstein
     2306 Luxembourg
     2307 Monaco
     2308 Netherlands
     2311 Switzerland
   24 Northern Europe
     2400 Northern Europe, nfd
     2401 Denmark
     2402 Faroe Islands
     2403 Finland
     2404 Greenland
     2405 Iceland
     2406 Norway
     2407 Sweden
     2408 Aland Islands

3 Southern and Eastern Europe

 3 Southern and Eastern Europe
   30 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
     3000 Southern and Eastern Europe, nfd
   31 Southern Europe
     3100 Southern Europe, nfd
     3101 Andorra
     3102 Gibraltar
     3103 Holy See
     3104 Italy
     3105 Malta
     3106 Portugal
     3107 San Marino
     3108 Spain
   32 South Eastern Europe
     3200 South Eastern Europe, nfd
     3201 Albania
     3202 Bosnia and Herzegovina
     3203 Bulgaria
     3204 Croatia
     3205 Cyprus
     3206 North Macedonia
     3207 Greece
     3208 Moldova
     3211 Romania
     3212 Slovenia
     3214 Montenegro
     3215 Serbia
     3216 Kosovo
   33 Eastern Europe
     3300 Eastern Europe, nfd
     3301 Belarus
     3302 Czechia
     3303 Estonia
     3304 Hungary
     3305 Latvia
     3306 Lithuania
     3307 Poland
     3308 Russian Federation
     3311 Slovakia
     3312 Ukraine

4 North Africa and the Middle East

 4 North Africa and the Middle East
   40 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
     4000 North Africa and the Middle East, nfd
   41 North Africa
     4100 North Africa, nfd
     4101 Algeria
     4102 Egypt
     4103 Libya
     4104 Morocco
     4105 Sudan
     4106 Tunisia
     4107 Western Sahara
     4108 Spanish North Africa
     4111 South Sudan
   42 Middle East
     4200 Middle East, nfd
     4201 Bahrain
     4202 Gaza Strip and West Bank
     4203 Iran
     4204 Iraq
     4205 Israel
     4206 Jordan
     4207 Kuwait
     4208 Lebanon
     4211 Oman
     4212 Qatar
     4213 Saudi Arabia
     4214 Syria
     4215 Turkey
     4216 United Arab Emirates
     4217 Yemen

5 South-East Asia

 5 South-East Asia  
   50 South-East Asia, nfd
     5000 South-East Asia, nfd
   51 Mainland South-East Asia
     5100 Mainland South-East Asia, nfd
     5101 Myanmar
     5102 Cambodia
     5103 Laos
     5104 Thailand
     5105 Vietnam
   52 Maritime South-East Asia
     5200 Maritime South-East Asia, nfd
     5201 Brunei Darussalam
     5202 Indonesia
     5203 Malaysia
     5204 Philippines
     5205 Singapore
     5206 Timor-Leste

6 North-East Asia

 6 North-East Asia  
   60 North-East Asia, nfd
     6000 North-East Asia, nfd
   61 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia)
     6100 Chinese Asia (includes Mongolia), nfd
     6101 China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)
     6102 Hong Kong (SAR of China)
     6103 Macau (SAR of China)
     6104 Mongolia
     6105 Taiwan
   62 Japan and the Koreas
     6200 Japan and the Koreas, nfd
     6201 Japan
     6202 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North)
     6203 Korea, Republic of (South)

7 Southern and Central Asia

 7 Southern and Central Asia
   70 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
     7000 Southern and Central Asia, nfd
   71 Southern Asia
     7100 Southern Asia, nfd
     7101 Bangladesh
     7102 Bhutan
     7103 India
     7104 Maldives
     7105 Nepal
     7106 Pakistan
     7107 Sri Lanka
   72 Central Asia
     7200 Central Asia, nfd
     7201 Afghanistan
     7202 Armenia
     7203 Azerbaijan
     7204 Georgia
     7205 Kazakhstan
     7206 Kyrgyzstan
     7207 Tajikistan
     7208 Turkmenistan
     7211 Uzbekistan

8 Americas

 8 Americas    
   80 Americas, nfd
     8000 Americas, nfd
   81 Northern America
     8100 Northern America, nfd
     8101 Bermuda
     8102 Canada
     8103 St Pierre and Miquelon
     8104 United States of America
   82 South America
     8200 South America, nfd
     8201 Argentina
     8202 Bolivia
     8203 Brazil
     8204 Chile
     8205 Colombia
     8206 Ecuador
     8207 Falkland Islands
     8208 French Guiana
     8211 Guyana
     8212 Paraguay
     8213 Peru
     8214 Suriname
     8215 Uruguay
     8216 Venezuela
     8299 South America, nec
   83 Central America
     8300 Central America, nfd
     8301 Belize
     8302 Costa Rica
     8303 El Salvador
     8304 Guatemala
     8305 Honduras
     8306 Mexico
     8307 Nicaragua
     8308 Panama
   84 Caribbean  
     8400 Caribbean, nfd
     8401 Anguilla
     8402 Antigua and Barbuda
     8403 Aruba
     8404 Bahamas
     8405 Barbados
     8406 Cayman Islands
     8407 Cuba
     8408 Dominica
     8411 Dominican Republic
     8412 Grenada
     8413 Guadeloupe
     8414 Haiti
     8415 Jamaica
     8416 Martinique
     8417 Montserrat
     8421 Puerto Rico
     8422 St Kitts and Nevis
     8423 St Lucia
     8424 St Vincent and the Grenadines
     8425 Trinidad and Tobago
     8426 Turks and Caicos Islands
     8427 Virgin Islands, British
     8428 Virgin Islands, United States
     8431 St Barthelemy
     8432 St Martin (French part)
     8433 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
     8434 Curacao
     8435 Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

9 Sub-Saharan Africa

 9 Sub-Saharan Africa  
   90 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
     9000 Sub-Saharan Africa, nfd
   91 Central and West Africa
     9100 Central and West Africa, nfd
     9101 Benin
     9102 Burkina Faso
     9103 Cameroon
     9104 Cabo Verde
     9105 Central African Republic
     9106 Chad
     9107 Congo, Republic of
     9108 Congo, Democratic Republic of
     9111 Cote d'Ivoire
     9112 Equatorial Guinea
     9113 Gabon
     9114 Gambia
     9115 Ghana
     9116 Guinea
     9117 Guinea-Bissau
     9118 Liberia
     9121 Mali
     9122 Mauritania
     9123 Niger
     9124 Nigeria
     9125 Sao Tome and Principe
     9126 Senegal
     9127 Sierra Leone
     9128 Togo
   92 Southern and East Africa
     9200 Southern and East Africa, nfd
     9201 Angola
     9202 Botswana
     9203 Burundi
     9204 Comoros
     9205 Djibouti
     9206 Eritrea
     9207 Ethiopia
     9208 Kenya
     9211 Lesotho
     9212 Madagascar
     9213 Malawi
     9214 Mauritius
     9215 Mayotte
     9216 Mozambique
     9217 Namibia
     9218 Reunion
     9221 Rwanda
     9222 St Helena
     9223 Seychelles
     9224 Somalia
     9225 South Africa
     9226 Eswatini
     9227 Tanzania
     9228 Uganda
     9231 Zambia
     9232 Zimbabwe
     9299 Southern and East Africa, nec

 Supplementary Codes

0 Supplementary codes
  00 Supplementary codes
     0000 Inadequately described
     0001 At sea
& Not stated  
  && Not stated  
     &&&& Not stated
V Overseas visitor  
  VV Overseas visitor
     VVVV Overseas visitor

Number of categories:

  • One-digit level: 12
  • Two-digit level: 39  
  • Four-digit level: 293

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

In which country was the person’s father born?

In which country was the person’s father born?
In which country was Person 1's father born? If the person does not know their birth father, and has a second parent, please include the country of birth of the second parent here. If the person has same-sex parents, include the country of birth of one of the two parents here. This information is collected from everybody, even children whose parents have already provided their country of birth. This avoids making assumptions about family relationships. Father's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

How this variable is created

Country of birth of father (BPMP) is a person variable that is created based on the response to country of birth of father question. On the paper form, respondents may either use a mark box to indicate Australia or write the name of any other country in the text field. On the online form, the question uses a combination of mark boxes for the most frequent responses expected, accompanied by a text field to capture all other responses. The options are ordered based on the relative number of responses received in the 2016 Census.

Any typed country of birth response will also appear as an option for that person’s country of birth of father.

The majority of responses for country of birth of person are captured automatically from the mark box response. Written responses are coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding processes. The remaining responses require manual coding processes when they cannot be coded or derived automatically.

If a person:

  • uses a former country name, it is coded to the current country name (for example, Siam would be coded to Thailand)
  • has marked Australia and given a text response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra response is rejected
  • does not answer the question, and a father has been identified for the family unit on the same Census form, then the father's birthplace is coded as the father's country of birth, for that respondent.

BPMP is coded using the SACC. If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

A question relating to BPMP was first asked in the 1921 Census, but not included again until 1971. It has been included in all Australian censuses from 1971.

Prior to the 2001 Census, respondents were asked to write in their father's birthplace as a text response.

From 2001 to 2011, the question was simplified to a simple mark box with two options for either Australia or Overseas. This was done following the introduction of a question on a person's ancestry.

For the 2016 Census, the question format was changed to again allow respondents to provide details for the country of birth of their father where it was not Australia. Respondents were asked to use a mark box to respond for Australia, or a text field to specify any other country.

For the first time, the 2021 Census included instructions to provide guidance on situations where the birth parent is unknown and there is a second parent, or the person has same-sex parents.

There have been changes to the SACC for 2021:

  • 3302 'Czech Republic' has been changed to 'Czechia'
  • 9226 'Swaziland' has been changed to 'Eswatini'
  • 3206 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' has been changed to 'North Macedonia'
  • 2402 spelling of 'Faeroe Islands' has been changed to 'Faroe Islands'.

Data use considerations

Data on country of birth provide important information on ethnicity when used with Ancestry multi response (ANCP), Language used at home (LANP) and Religious affiliation (RELP).

The non-response rate for Country of birth of father (BPMP) was 5.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.9% in 2016. 

Related variables and glossary terms

Data downloads

Country of birth of father classification

Country of birth of parents (BPPP)

Definition

This variable indicates if a person's father and/or mother was born in Australia or overseas. It combines responses for Country of birth of mother (BPFP) and Country of birth of father (BPMP) to identify the country of birth of a person’s parents (Country of birth of parents, BPPP).

The data gained from this variable, together with Country of birth of person (BPLP), allows the study of first-generation and second-generation Australians.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 Both parents born overseas
2 Father only born overseas
3 Mother only born overseas
4 Both parents born in Australia
& Not stated - birthplace for either or both parents not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 6

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

In which country was the person’s father born?

In which country was the person’s father born?
In which country was Person 1's father born? If the person does not know their birth father, and has a second parent, please include the country of birth of the second parent here. If the person has same-sex parents, include the country of birth of one of the two parents here. This information is collected from everybody, even children whose parents have already provided their country of birth. This avoids making assumptions about family relationships. Father's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

In which country was the person’s mother born?

In which country was the person’s mother born?
In which country was Person 1's mother born? If the person does not know their birth mother, and has a second parent, please include the country of birth of the second parent here. If the person has same-sex parents, include the country of birth of one of the two parents here. This information is collected from everybody, even children whose parents have already provided their country of birth. This avoids making assumptions about family relationships. Mother's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

How this variable is created

This variable is derived from responses for BPFP and BPMP. Responses are captured automatically from mark boxes and text responses on the form.

If a person has a 'Not stated' response for their father and/or mother’s country of birth, then BPPP is coded to 'Not stated'.

History and changes

The two questions used to derive this variable were first asked in the 1921 Census, but not asked again until 1971. Since then, they have been asked in every Census.

Until 2001, the question asked people to write in their parents’ birthplaces. In the 2001 Census a question was also asked on ancestry. As a result, for the 2001-2011 Censuses the country of birth of parents response categories were changed to ask whether a person’s parents were born in Australia or overseas rather than collect detail on the parents’ overseas birthplaces.

For 2016 the name of the variable changed from 'Birthplace of parents' to 'Country of birth of parents'. After consultation with key data users, the question responses changed to again ask the specific birthplace of parents where it is not Australia.

No changes have been made for 2021.

Data use considerations

The questions used to derive BPPP (Country of birth of mother and Country of birth of father) changed in 2016. In 2011 both items only asked if a person's mother and father were born in Australia or overseas, whereas since 2016 the specific country of birth is asked for both parents.

This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

Related variables and glossary terms

Australian citizenship (CITP)

Definition

This variable records whether a person has Australian citizenship. The data is used to understand the tendency of different migrant groups to take up citizenship and to measure the size of the groups eligible to vote.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 Australian citizen
2 Not an Australian citizen
& Not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 4 

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

Is the person an Australian citizen?

Is the person an Australian citizen?
Is Person 1 an Australian citizen? If the person holds dual citizenship and one is Australian, select ‘Yes, Australian citizen’. Person's Australian citizenship Yes, Australian citizen No

How this variable is created

This variable is created from responses to the Australian citizen question. The responses are captured automatically from mark box responses so the risk of processing error is minimal. Respondents are asked to mark only one response. When respondents provide more than one, responses are accepted in the order they appeared on the form and the extra response is rejected.

History and changes

A question on national citizenship has been asked on every Census since 1911. However, prior to 1986 the specific question wording asked to specify country of citizenship or their 'nationality' rather than ask if they were an Australian citizen.

For 2021 the category labels have been updated:

  • Category 1 has changed from 'Australian' to 'Australian citizen'
  • Category 2 has changed from 'Not Australian' to 'Not an Australian citizen'

Data use considerations

Australian citizenship (CITP) data is useful when cross-classified with Country of birth of person (BPLP), Year of arrival in Australia (YARP) and Age (AGEP) data. When analysing Australian citizenship data cross-classified with Country of birth of person data, users may find that a small proportion of people have responded to the citizenship question as Australian citizen, but not a country of birth and vice versa. 

The non-response rate for Australian citizenship (CITP) was 5.1% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.9% in 2016.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Age (AGEP)
  • County of birth of person (BPLP)
  • Year of arrival in Australia (YARP)

Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP)

Definition

This variable classifies a person's self-assessed proficiency in spoken English where they have identified they use a main language other than English at home (LANP). While people who use English only at home are included in this variable as a distinct category, they are not included in categories 2 to 5 which is the self-assessed ability in spoken English.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Code Category
1 Speaks English only
2 Uses other language and speaks English: Very well
3 Uses other language and speaks English: Well
4 Uses other language and speaks English: Not well
5 Uses other language and speaks English: Not at all
6 Not stated - both language (LANP) and proficiency in spoken English not stated
& Not stated - language (LANP) stated, proficiency in spoken English not stated
V Overseas visitor

Number of categories: 8

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

Does the person use a language other than English at home?

Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Mandarin Yes, Arabic Yes, Cantonese Yes, Vietnamese Yes, Italian Yes, Greek Yes, other (please specify)

More information

Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information If the person uses only English at home, select 'No, English only', even if they can speak another language. If the person lives alone, answer with the language they most commonly use with visitors in their home. The languages listed were the most commonly reported languages spoken at home, other than English in the 2016 Census. For a language not listed, please select the 'Yes, other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the language in the box. For people who cannot speak, or if the person is too young to speak, record 'Not able to speak' in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box for this question.

How well does the person speak English?

How well does the person speak English?
How well does Person 1 speak English? Leave this question blank for people who cannot speak, or if the person is too young to speak. Person's English ability Very well Well Not well Not at all

How this variable is created

This variable is derived from the responses to two questions on the 2021 Census.

Speaks English only

Where respondents mark that they use English only at home, they are coded to category 1, 'Speaks English only'.

Uses other language

The remainder of respondents who do use a language other than English at home are asked, 'How well does the person speak English?'. Responses to this question are captured automatically from mark box responses on the form so the risk of processing error is minimal. Respondents are asked only to mark one response. These responses are output in categories 2 to 5. Where an incorrect number of responses is provided, responses are accepted in the order they appeared on the form and the extra responses are rejected.

Not Stated

Where a respondent marks that they do use a language other than English at home but does not answer the 'How well does the person speak English?' question, they are coded to category &, 'Not stated - language (LANP) stated, proficiency in spoken English not stated'. 

Where a respondent does not answer the Language used at home question and the proficiency in spoken English question, they are coded to category 6, 'Not stated - both language (LANP) and proficiency in spoken English not stated'.

History and changes

A question relating to proficiency in spoken English/Language (ENGLP) was first asked in 1981. Prior to this, some censuses had also asked what languages were regularly used.

For 2021, the variable name changed from 'Proficiency in spoken English/language' to 'Proficiency in spoken English'.

For 2021, some category labels have been updated:

  • Categories 2 to 5 changed from 'Speaks other languages and speaks English' to 'Uses other language and speaks English'
  • Not stated categories 6 and & have had references to 'ENGP' removed.

Data use considerations

This variable is used to understand how well people can speak English, when they use a language at home that is not English. It is useful in planning and providing multilingual services.

The non-response rate for Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP) was 5.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.5% in 2016. The non-response rate for Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP) includes Not Stated responses where:

  • both Language (LANP) and proficiency in spoken English is not stated (category 6)
  • where Language (LANP) is stated and proficiency in spoken English not stated (category &). 
2016 variables

In 2016 there were two output variables relating to proficiency in spoken English:

  • Proficiency in spoken English (ENGP)
  • Proficiency in spoken English/Language (ENGLP)

The ENGP variable was only applicable to those who used a language other than English or who did not state a language, whereas ENGLP was applicable to all persons. This difference caused confusion for users.

ENGP has been removed for the 2021 Census to avoid data misuse. ENGLP will be output for 2021, however the name of the variable has been changed to 'Proficiency in spoken English'.

Measurement issues

Responses to the question on proficiency in English are subjective. For example, one respondent may consider that a response of 'Well' is appropriate if they can communicate well enough to do the shopping, while another respondent may consider such a response appropriate only for people who can hold a social conversation. Proficiency in spoken English should be regarded as an indicator of a person's ability to speak English rather than a definitive measure of their ability and should be interpreted with care.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Language Spoken at Home (LANP)

Language used at home (LANP)

Definition

This variable identifies whether a person uses a language other than English at home and if so, records the main non-English language which is used. The purpose of this variable is to identify the main languages other than English which are used in households across Australia.

Scope

All persons

Categories

Language used at home (LANP) is classified using the Australian Standard Classification of Languages (ASCL), 2016. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page.

1 Northern European Languages

 1 Northern European Languages    
   10 Northern European Languages, nfd  
        1000 Northern European Languages, nfd
   11 Celtic      
        1100 Celtic, nfd
        1101 Gaelic (Scotland)
        1102 Irish
        1103 Welsh
        1199 Celtic, nec
   12 English      
        1201 English
   13 German and Related Languages  
        1300 German and Related Languages, nfd
        1301 German
        1302 Letzeburgish
        1303 Yiddish
   14 Dutch and Related Languages  
        1400 Dutch and Related Languages, nfd
        1401 Dutch
        1402 Frisian
        1403 Afrikaans
   15 Scandinavian      
        1500 Scandinavian, nfd
        1501 Danish
        1502 Icelandic
        1503 Norwegian
        1504 Swedish
        1599 Scandinavian, nec
   16 Finnish and Related Languages  
        1600 Finnish and Related Languages, nfd
        1601 Estonian
        1602 Finnish
        1699 Finnish and Related Languages, nec

2 Southern European Languages

 2 Southern European Languages    
   20 Southern European Languages, nfd  
        2000 Southern European Languages, nfd
   21 French      
        2101 French
   22 Greek      
        2201 Greek
   23 Iberian Romance    
        2300 Iberian Romance, nfd
        2301 Catalan
        2302 Portuguese
        2303 Spanish
        2399 Iberian Romance, nec
   24 Italian      
        2401 Italian
   25 Maltese      
        2501 Maltese
   29 Other Southern European Languages
        2900 Other Southern European Languages, nfd
        2901 Basque
        2902 Latin
        2999 Other Southern European Languages, nec

3 Eastern European Languages

 3 Eastern European Languages      
   30 Eastern European Languages, nfd  
        3000 Eastern European Languages, nfd
   31 Baltic      
        3100 Baltic, nfd
        3101 Latvian
        3102 Lithuanian
   33 Hungarian      
        3301 Hungarian
   34 East Slavic      
        3400 East Slavic, nfd
        3401 Belorussian
        3402 Russian
        3403 Ukrainian
   35 South Slavic      
        3500 South Slavic, nfd
        3501 Bosnian
        3502 Bulgarian
        3503 Croatian
        3504 Macedonian
        3505 Serbian
        3506 Slovene
        3507 Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslavian, so described
   36 West Slavic      
        3600 West Slavic, nfd
        3601 Czech
        3602 Polish
        3603 Slovak
        3604 Czechoslovakian, so described
   39 Other Eastern European Languages  
        3900 Other Eastern European Languages, nfd
        3901 Albanian
        3903 Aromunian (Macedo-Romanian)
        3904 Romanian
        3905 Romany
        3999 Other Eastern European Languages, nec

4 Southwest and Central Asian Languages

 4 Southwest and Central Asian Languages    
   40 Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nfd
        4000 Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nfd
   41 Iranic      
        4100 Iranic, nfd
        4101 Kurdish
        4102 Pashto
        4104 Balochi
        4105 Dari
        4106 Persian (excluding Dari)
        4107 Hazaraghi
        4199 Iranic, nec
   42 Middle Eastern Semitic Languages  
        4200 Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nfd
        4202 Arabic
        4204 Hebrew
        4206 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
        4207 Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
        4208 Mandaean (Mandaic)
        4299 Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nec
   43 Turkic      
        4300 Turkic, nfd
        4301 Turkish
        4302 Azeri
        4303 Tatar
        4304 Turkmen
        4305 Uygur
        4306 Uzbek
        4399 Turkic, nec
   49 Other Southwest and Central Asian Languages
        4900 Other Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nfd
        4901 Armenian
        4902 Georgian
        4999 Other Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nec

5 Southern Asian Languages

 5 Southern Asian Languages      
   50 Southern Asian Languages, nfd  
        5000 Southern Asian Languages, nfd
   51 Dravidian      
        5100 Dravidian, nfd
        5101 Kannada
        5102 Malayalam
        5103 Tamil
        5104 Telugu
        5105 Tulu
        5199 Dravidian, nec
   52 Indo-Aryan      
        5200 Indo-Aryan, nfd
        5201 Bengali
        5202 Gujarati
        5203 Hindi
        5204 Konkani
        5205 Marathi
        5206 Nepali
        5207 Punjabi
        5208 Sindhi
        5211 Sinhalese
        5212 Urdu
        5213 Assamese
        5214 Dhivehi
        5215 Kashmiri
        5216 Oriya
        5217 Fijian Hindustani
        5299 Indo-Aryan, nec
   59 Other Southern Asian Languages  
        5999 Other Southern Asian Languages

6 Southeast Asian Languages

 6 Southeast Asian Languages      
   60 Southeast Asian Languages, nfd  
        6000 Southeast Asian Languages, nfd
   61 Burmese and Related Languages  
        6100 Burmese and Related Languages, nfd
        6101 Burmese
        6102 Chin Haka
        6103 Karen
        6104 Rohingya
        6105 Zomi
        6199 Burmese and Related Languages, nec
   62 Hmong-Mien      
        6200 Hmong-Mien, nfd
        6201 Hmong
        6299 Hmong-Mien, nec
   63 Mon-Khmer      
        6300 Mon-Khmer, nfd
        6301 Khmer
        6302 Vietnamese
        6303 Mon
        6399 Mon-Khmer, nec
   64 Tai      
        6400 Tai, nfd
        6401 Lao
        6402 Thai
        6499 Tai, nec
   65 Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages
        6500 Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nfd
        6501 Bisaya
        6502 Cebuano
        6503 Ilokano
        6504 Indonesian
        6505 Malay
        6507 Tetum
        6508 Timorese
        6511 Tagalog
        6512 Filipino
        6513 Acehnese
        6514 Balinese
        6515 Bikol
        6516 Iban
        6517 Ilonggo (Hiligaynon)
        6518 Javanese
        6521 Pampangan
        6599 Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nec
   69 Other Southeast Asian Languages  
        6999 Other Southeast Asian Languages

7 Eastern Asian Languages

 7 Eastern Asian Languages      
   70 Eastern Asian Languages, nfd  
        7000 Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
   71 Chinese      
        7100 Chinese, nfd
        7101 Cantonese
        7102 Hakka
        7104 Mandarin
        7106 Wu
        7107 Min Nan
        7199 Chinese, nec
   72 Japanese      
        7201 Japanese
   73 Korean      
        7301 Korean
   79 Other Eastern Asian Languages  
        7900 Other Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
        7901 Tibetan
        7902 Mongolian
        7999 Other Eastern Asian Languages, nec

8 Australian Indigenous Languages

 8 Australian Indigenous Languages    
   80 Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
        8000 Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
   81 Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages
        8100 Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages, nfd
        8101 Anindilyakwa
        8111 Maung
        8113 Ngan'gikurunggurr
        8114 Nunggubuyu
        8115 Rembarrnga
        8117 Tiwi
        8121 Alawa
        8122 Dalabon
        8123 Gudanji
        8127 Iwaidja
        8128 Jaminjung
        8131 Jawoyn
        8132 Jingulu
        8133 Kunbarlang
        8136 Larrakiya
        8137 Malak Malak
        8138 Mangarrayi
        8141 Maringarr
        8142 Marra
        8143 Marrithiyel
        8144 Matngala
        8146 Murrinh Patha
        8147 Na-kara
        8148 Ndjebbana (Gunavidji)
        8151 Ngalakgan
        8152 Ngaliwurru
        8153 Nungali
        8154 Wambaya
        8155 Wardaman
        8156 Amurdak
        8157 Garrwa
        8158 Kuwema
        8161 Marramaninyshi
        8162 Ngandi
        8163 Waanyi
        8164 Wagiman
        8165 Yanyuwa
        8166 Marridan (Maridan)
    817 Kunwinjkuan  
        8170 Kunwinjkuan, nfd
        8171 Gundjeihmi
        8172 Kune
        8173 Kuninjku
        8174 Kunwinjku
        8175 Mayali
        8179 Kunwinjkuan, nec
    818 Burarran    
        8180 Burarran, nfd
        8181 Burarra
        8182 Gun-nartpa
        8183 Gurr-goni
        8189 Burarran, nec
        8199 Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages, nec
   82 Yolngu Matha      
        8200 Yolngu Matha, nfd
    821 Dhangu    
        8210 Dhangu, nfd
        8211 Galpu
        8212 Golumala
        8213 Wangurri
        8219 Dhangu, nec
    822 Dhay'yi    
        8220 Dhay'yi, nfd
        8221 Dhalwangu
        8222 Djarrwark
        8229 Dhay'yi, nec
    823 Dhuwal    
        8230 Dhuwal, nfd
        8231 Djambarrpuyngu
        8232 Djapu
        8233 Daatiwuy
        8234 Marrangu
        8235 Liyagalawumirr
        8236 Liyagawumirr
        8239 Dhuwal, nec
    824 Dhuwala    
        8240 Dhuwala, nfd
        8242 Gumatj
        8243 Gupapuyngu
        8244 Guyamirrilili
        8246 Manggalili
        8247 Wubulkarra
        8249 Dhuwala, nec
    825 Djinang    
        8250 Djinang, nfd
        8251 Wurlaki
        8259 Djinang, nec
    826 Djinba    
        8260 Djinba, nfd
        8261 Ganalbingu
        8262 Djinba
        8263 Manyjalpingu
        8269 Djinba, nec
    827 Yakuy    
        8270 Yakuy, nfd
        8271 Ritharrngu
        8272 Wagilak
        8279 Yakuy, nec
    828 Nhangu    
        8281 Nhangu
        8282 Yan-nhangu
        8289 Nhangu, nec
    829 Other Yolngu Matha  
        8291 Dhuwaya
        8292 Djangu
        8293 Madarrpa
        8294 Warramiri
        8295 Rirratjingu
        8299 Other Yolngu Matha, nec
   83 Cape York Peninsula Languages  
        8300 Cape York Peninsula Languages, nfd
        8301 Kuku Yalanji
        8302 Guugu Yimidhirr
        8303 Kuuku-Ya'u
        8304 Wik Mungkan
        8305 Djabugay
        8306 Dyirbal
        8307 Girramay
        8308 Koko-Bera
        8311 Kuuk Thayorre
        8312 Lamalama
        8313 Yidiny
        8314 Wik Ngathan
        8315 Alngith
        8316 Kugu Muminh
        8317 Morrobalama
        8318 Thaynakwith
        8321 Yupangathi
        8322 Tjungundji
        8399 Cape York Peninsula Languages, nec
   84 Torres Strait Island Languages  
        8400 Torres Strait Island Languages, nfd
        8401 Kalaw Kawaw Ya/Kalaw Lagaw Ya
        8402 Meriam Mir
        8403 Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole)
   85 Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages
        8500 Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages, nfd
        8504 Bilinarra
        8505 Gurindji
        8506 Gurindji Kriol
        8507 Jaru
        8508 Light Warlpiri
        8511 Malngin
        8512 Mudburra
        8514 Ngardi
        8515 Ngarinyman
        8516 Walmajarri
        8517 Wanyjirra
        8518 Warlmanpa
        8521 Warlpiri
        8522 Warumungu
        8599 Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages, nec
   86 Arandic      
        8600 Arandic, nfd
        8603 Alyawarr
        8606 Kaytetye
        8607 Antekerrepenh
    861 Anmatyerr    
        8610 Anmatyerr, nfd
        8611 Central Anmatyerr
        8612 Eastern Anmatyerr
        8619 Anmatyerr, nec
    862 Arrernte    
        8620 Arrernte, nfd
        8621 Eastern Arrernte
        8622 Western Arrarnta
        8629 Arrernte, nec
        8699 Arandic, nec
   87 Western Desert Languages    
        8700 Western Desert Languages, nfd
        8703 Antikarinya
        8704 Kartujarra
        8705 Kukatha
        8706 Kukatja
        8707 Luritja
        8708 Manyjilyjarra
        8711 Martu Wangka
        8712 Ngaanyatjarra
        8713 Pintupi
        8714 Pitjantjatjara
        8715 Wangkajunga
        8716 Wangkatha
        8717 Warnman
        8718 Yankunytjatjara
        8721 Yulparija
        8722 Tjupany
        8799 Western Desert Languages, nec
   88 Kimberley Area Languages    
        8800 Kimberley Area Languages, nfd
        8801 Bardi
        8802 Bunuba
        8803 Gooniyandi
        8804 Miriwoong
        8805 Ngarinyin
        8806 Nyikina
        8807 Worla
        8808 Worrorra
        8811 Wunambal
        8812 Yawuru
        8813 Gambera
        8814 Jawi
        8815 Kija
        8899 Kimberley Area Languages, nec
   89 Other Australian Indigenous Languages
        8900 Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
        8901 Adnymathanha
        8902 Arabana
        8903 Bandjalang
        8904 Banyjima
        8905 Batjala
        8906 Bidjara
        8907 Dhanggatti
        8908 Diyari
        8911 Gamilaraay
        8913 Garuwali
        8914 Githabul
        8915 Gumbaynggir
        8916 Kanai
        8917 Karajarri
        8918 Kariyarra
        8921 Kaurna
        8922 Kayardild
        8924 Kriol
        8925 Lardil
        8926 Mangala
        8927 Muruwari
        8928 Narungga
        8931 Ngarluma
        8932 Ngarrindjeri
        8933 Nyamal
        8934 Nyangumarta
        8935 Nyungar
        8936 Paakantyi
        8937 Palyku/Nyiyaparli
        8938 Wajarri
        8941 Wiradjuri
        8943 Yindjibarndi
        8944 Yinhawangka
        8945 Yorta Yorta
        8946 Baanbay
        8947 Badimaya
        8948 Barababaraba
        8951 Dadi Dadi
        8952 Dharawal
        8953 Djabwurrung
        8954 Gudjal
        8955 Keerray-Woorroong
        8956 Ladji Ladji
        8957 Mirning
        8958 Ngatjumaya
        8961 Waluwarra
        8962 Wangkangurru
        8963 Wargamay
        8964 Wergaia
        8965 Yugambeh
        8998 Aboriginal English, so described
        8999 Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nec

 

 

9 Other Languages

 9 Other Languages      
   90 Other Languages, nfd    
        9000 Other Languages, nfd
   91 American Languages    
        9101 American Languages
   92 African Languages    
        9200 African Languages, nfd
        9201 Acholi
        9203 Akan
        9205 Mauritian Creole
        9206 Oromo
        9207 Shona
        9208 Somali
        9211 Swahili
        9212 Yoruba
        9213 Zulu
        9214 Amharic
        9215 Bemba
        9216 Dinka
        9217 Ewe
        9218 Ga
        9221 Harari
        9222 Hausa
        9223 Igbo
        9224 Kikuyu
        9225 Krio
        9226 Luganda
        9227 Luo
        9228 Ndebele
        9231 Nuer
        9232 Nyanja (Chichewa)
        9233 Shilluk
        9234 Tigre
        9235 Tigrinya
        9236 Tswana
        9237 Xhosa
        9238 Seychelles Creole
        9241 Anuak
        9242 Bari
        9243 Bassa
        9244 Dan (Gio-Dan)
        9245 Fulfulde
        9246 Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)
        9247 Kirundi (Rundi)
        9248 Kpelle
        9251 Krahn
        9252 Liberian (Liberian English)
        9253 Loma (Lorma)
        9254 Lumun (Kuku Lumun)
        9255 Madi
        9256 Mandinka
        9257 Mann
        9258 Moro (Nuba Moro)
        9261 Themne
        9262 Lingala
        9299 African Languages, nec
   93 Pacific Austronesian Languages  
        9300 Pacific Austronesian Languages, nfd
        9301 Fijian
        9302 Gilbertese
        9303 Maori (Cook Island)
        9304 Maori (New Zealand)
        9306 Nauruan
        9307 Niue
        9308 Samoan
        9311 Tongan
        9312 Rotuman
        9313 Tokelauan
        9314 Tuvaluan
        9315 Yapese
        9399 Pacific Austronesian Languages, nec
   94 Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles    
        9400 Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nfd
        9402 Bislama
        9403 Hawaiian English
        9404 Norf'k-Pitcairn
        9405 Solomon Islands Pijin
        9499 Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nec
   95 Papua New Guinea Languages  
        9500 Papua New Guinea Languages, nfd
        9502 Kiwai
        9503 Motu (HiriMotu)
        9504 Tok Pisin (Neomelanesian)
        9599 Papua New Guinea Languages, nec
   96 Invented Languages    
        9601 Invented Languages
   97 Sign Languages      
        9700 Sign Languages, nfd
        9701 Auslan
        9702 Key Word Sign Australia
        9799 Sign Languages, nec

 Supplementary codes 

0 Supplementary codes      
  00 Supplementary codes    
        0000 Inadequately described
        0001 Non-verbal, so described
        0003 Swiss, so described
        0004 Cypriot, so described
        0005 Creole, nfd
        0006 French Creole, nfd
        0007 Spanish Creole, nfd
        0008 Portuguese Creole, nfd
        0009 Pidgin, nfd
& Not stated        
  && Not stated      
        &&&& Not stated
V Overseas visitor      
  VV Overseas visitor    
        VVVV Overseas visitor

Number of categories:

  • One digit level: 12
  • Two digit level: 63
  • Three digit level: 63
  • Four digit level: 505

See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

Question(s) from the Census form

Does the person use a language other than English at home?

Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Mandarin Yes, Arabic Yes, Cantonese Yes, Vietnamese Yes, Italian Yes, Greek Yes, other (please specify)

Alternative response options - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

Alternative response options to the question: Does the person use a language other than English at home? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander option included.
Does Person 2 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language Yes, Mandarin Yes, Arabic Yes, Cantonese Yes, Vietnamese Yes, Italian Yes, Greek Yes, other (please specify)

Example

Example response to: Does the person use a language other than English at home? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander option selected.
Does Person 2 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. More information Person's language at home No, English only Yes, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language Please specify (optional)

More information

Additional information relating to the question: Does the person use a language other than English at home?
Does Person 1 use a language other than English at home? If more than one language other than English, select the one that is used most often. Include use of sign languages (for example, AUSLAN) in the 'please specify' box. Include use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box. More information If the person uses only English at home, select ‘No, English only’, even if they can speak another language. If the person lives alone, answer with the language they most commonly use with visitors in their home. The languages listed were the most commonly reported languages spoken at home, other than English in the 2016 Census. For a language not listed, please select the 'Yes, other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the language in the box. For people who cannot speak, or if the person is too young to speak, record 'Not able to speak' in the 'Yes, other (please specify)' box for this question.

How this variable is created

This variable is created from responses to the language used at home question. Respondents may either use a mark box to indicate the language used at home or write the name of the language in the text field. When a person marks more than one language or marks a language and gives a text response, responses are accepted in the order they appeared on the form and the extra response is rejected.

The majority of responses for LANP are captured automatically from the mark box response. Written responses are coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding processes. The remaining responses require manual coding processes when they could not be coded or derived automatically.

If a response is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

History and changes

A question relating to languages spoken was first asked in the 1933 Census, but not again until the 1976 Census. All Censuses since then have included a similar question.

In 1933, the question asked people who could not read and write in English but were able to read and write in a foreign language, to state that language. In 1976, people were asked for all languages spoken. In 1981 and 1986, all people were asked if they spoke a language other than English at home and, if so, how well they spoke English. In addition to this, since 1991 people have been asked to name their non-English language.

In the 2021 Census, the question wording was amended to include the word 'use' rather than 'speak' to better accommodate members of the community who use sign language. 

The response category order has changed based on the most common answers from the 2016 Census:

  • 'Yes, Italian' changed from 3rd to 6th position
  • 'Yes, Arabic' changed from 4th to 3rd position
  • 'Yes, Cantonese' changed from 5th to 4th position
  • 'Yes, Greek' changed from 6th to 7th position
  • 'Yes, Vietnamese' changed from 7th to 5th position

An enhancement to the online form presented a check box for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language for those respondents who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the Indigenous status question. To improve the data collected on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, the person also had the option of specifying the language.

Data use considerations

This question only allows for one answer and therefore the number of responses shown in the category '1201 English' is not all persons who use English, but specifically persons who use only English at home.

Persons who report a language other than English to the 'language used at home' question are then asked 'How well does the person speak English?'. Responses to this question are coded to the variable Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP).

The non-response rate for Language used at home (LANP) was 5.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.5% in 2016.

Related variables and glossary terms

  • Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP)
  • Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home (LNGP)
  • Indigenous Status (INGP)
  • Ethnicity

Data downloads

Language used at home classification

Religious affiliation (RELP)

Definition

This variable records a person's religious affiliation. Answering this Census question is optional.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    ASCRG major review 

    Commencing in 2022, the ABS will undertake a major review of the Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups (ASCRG) and the associated Religious Affiliation standard. The aims of this review are to update the ASCRG to reflect the modern Australian community; and to ensure the standard (the way the question is asked) is inclusive.

    Why the ASCRG needs to be updated

    While the current version of the ASCRG had some minor updates in 2016, it largely reflects the original 1996 version based on the social environment in Australia at that time. The Australian community has changed considerably over this time and the ASCRG and Standard both need to be reviewed to reflect this. The ABS has also received feedback from individuals and organisations identifying areas that need review. Data from the 2021 Census will further inform the review.

    Next steps

    The first round of public consultation is scheduled to commence in August 2022. At this time, the ABS will invite feedback through the ABS Consultation Hub, regarding the high priority areas (scope) of the ASCRG and the associated Standard for review. More information will be available at the ABS Consultation Hub in the coming months, including information how to participate in the review process. There will be another consultation process when the proposed changes are released in June 2023.

    If you would like more information, please email the ABS at standards@abs.gov.au

    The categories using the ASCRG are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page.

    1 Buddhism

    1  Buddhism    
      101 Buddhism  
        1011 Buddhism

    2 Christianity

    2 Christianity  
      200 Christianity, nfd
        2000 Christianity, nfd
      201 Anglican  
        2012 Anglican Church of Australia
        2013 Anglican Catholic Church
        2019 Anglican, nec
      203 Baptist  
        2031 Baptist
      205 Brethren  
        2051 Brethren
      207 Catholic  
        2070 Catholic, nfd
        2071 Western Catholic
        2072 Maronite Catholic
        2073 Melkite Catholic
        2074 Ukrainian Catholic
        2075 Chaldean Catholic
        2076 Syro Malabar Catholic
        2079 Catholic, nec
      211 Churches of Christ
        2110 Churches of Christ, nfd
        2111 Churches of Christ (Conference)
        2112 Church of Christ (Non-denominational)
        2113 International Church of Christ
      213 Jehovah's Witnesses
        2131 Jehovah's Witnesses
      215 Latter-day Saints
        2150 Latter-day Saints, nfd
        2151 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
        2152 Community of Christ
      217 Lutheran  
        2171 Lutheran
      221 Oriental Orthodox
        2210 Oriental Orthodox, nfd
        2212 Armenian Apostolic
        2214 Coptic Orthodox Church
        2215 Syrian Orthodox Church
        2216 Ethiopian Orthodox Church
        2219 Oriental Orthodox, nec
      222 Assyrian Apostolic
        2220 Assyrian Apostolic, nfd
        2221 Assyrian Church of the East
        2222 Ancient Church of the East
        2229 Assyrian Apostolic, nec
      223 Eastern Orthodox
        2230 Eastern Orthodox, nfd
        2231 Albanian Orthodox
        2232 Antiochian Orthodox
        2233 Greek Orthodox
        2234 Macedonian Orthodox
        2235 Romanian Orthodox
        2236 Russian Orthodox
        2237 Serbian Orthodox
        2238 Ukrainian Orthodox
        2239 Eastern Orthodox, nec
      225 Presbyterian and Reformed
        2250 Presbyterian and Reformed, nfd
        2251 Presbyterian
        2252 Reformed
        2253 Free Reformed
      227 Salvation Army
        2271 Salvation Army
      231 Seventh-day Adventist
        2311 Seventh-day Adventist
      233 Uniting Church
        2331 Uniting Church
      24 Pentecostal  
        2400 Pentecostal, nfd
        2401 Apostolic Church (Australia)
        2402 Australian Christian Churches (Assemblies of God)
        2403 Bethesda Ministries International (Bethesda Churches)
        2404 C3 Church Global (Christian City Church)
        2406 International Network of Churches (Christian Outreach Centres)
        2407 CRC International (Christian Revival Crusade)
        2411 Foursquare Gospel Church
        2412 Full Gospel Church of Australia (Full Gospel Church)
        2413 Revival Centres
        2414 Rhema Family Church
        2415 United Pentecostal
        2416 Acts 2 Alliance
        2417 Christian Church in Australia
        2418 Pentecostal City Life Church
        2421 Revival Fellowship
        2422 Victory Life Centre
        2423 Victory Worship Centre
        2424 Worship Centre Network
        2499 Pentecostal, nec
      28 Other Protestant
        2800 Other Protestant, nfd
        2801 Aboriginal Evangelical Missions
        2802 Born Again Christian
        2803 Christian and Missionary Alliance
        2804 Church of the Nazarene
        2805 Congregational
        2806 Ethnic Evangelical Churches
        2807 Independent Evangelical Churches
        2808 Wesleyan Methodist Church
        2811 Christian Community Churches of Australia
        2812 Methodist, so described
        2813 United Methodist Church
        2899 Other Protestant, nec
      29 Other Christian
        2900 Other Christian, nfd
        2901 Apostolic Church of Queensland
        2902 Christadelphians
        2903 Christian Science
        2904 Gnostic Christians
        2905 Liberal Catholic Church
        2906 New Apostolic Church
        2907 New Churches (Swedenborgian)
        2908 Ratana (Maori)
        2911 Religious Science
        2912 Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
        2913 Temple Society
        2915 Grace Communion International (Worldwide Church of God)
        2999 Other Christian, nec

    3 Hinduism

    3 Hinduism    
      301 Hinduism  
        3011 Hinduism

    4 Islam

    4 Islam    
      401 Islam  
        4011 Islam

    5 Judaism

    5 Judaism    
      501 Judaism  
        5011 Judaism

    6 Other Religions

    6 Other Religions  
      601 Australian Aboriginal Traditional Religions
        6011 Australian Aboriginal Traditional Religions
      603 Baha'i  
        6031 Baha'i
      605 Chinese Religions
        6050 Chinese Religions, nfd
        6051 Ancestor Veneration
        6052 Confucianism
        6053 Taoism
        6059 Chinese Religions, nec
      607 Druse  
        6071 Druse
      611 Japanese Religions
        6110 Japanese Religions, nfd
        6111 Shinto
        6112 Sukyo Mahikari
        6113 Tenrikyo
        6119 Japanese Religions, nec
      613 Nature Religions
        6130 Nature Religions, nfd
        6131 Animism
        6132 Druidism
        6133 Paganism
        6135 Wiccan (Witchcraft)
        6139 Nature Religions, nec
      615 Sikhism  
        6151 Sikhism
      617 Spiritualism  
        6171 Spiritualism
      69 Miscellaneous Religions
        6901 Mandaean
        6902 Yezidi
        6991 Caodaism
        6992 Church of Scientology
        6993 Eckankar
        6994 Rastafari
        6995 Satanism
        6996 Theosophy
        6997 Jainism
        6998 Zoroastrianism
        6999 Religious Groups, nec

    7 Secular Beliefs and Other Spiritual Beliefs and No Religious Affiliation

    7 Secular Beliefs and Other Spiritual Beliefs and No Religious Affiliation
        7000 Secular Beliefs and Other Spiritual Beliefs and No Religious Affiliation, nfd
      71 No Religion, (so described)
        7101 No Religion, so described
      72 Secular Beliefs
        7200 Secular Beliefs, nfd
        7201 Agnosticism
        7202 Atheism
        7203 Humanism
        7204 Rationalism
        7299 Secular Beliefs, nec
      73 Other Spiritual Beliefs
        7300 Other Spiritual Beliefs, nfd
        7301 Multi Faith
        7302 New Age
        7303 Own Spiritual Beliefs
        7304 Theism
        7305 Unitarian Universalism
        7399 Other Spiritual Beliefs, nec

    Supplementary Codes

    Supplementary Codes  
    0 Inadequately described  
      000 Inadequately described
         0000  Inadequately described
    & Not stated    
      &&& Not stated  
         &&&&  Not stated
    V Overseas visitor  
      VVV Overseas visitor
         VVVV  Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 10
    • Two digit/three digit level: 38
    • Four digit level: 151

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person's religion?

    What is the person’s religion?
    What is Person 1's religion? Answering this question is OPTIONAL. Examples of 'Other': Lutheran, Salvation Army, Judaism, Taoism, Atheism. More information Person's religion No religion Catholic Anglican (Church of England) Uniting Church Islam Buddhism Presbyterian Hinduism Greek Orthodox Baptist Other (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person's religion?
    What is Person 1's religion? Answering this question is OPTIONAL. Examples of 'Other': Lutheran, Salvation Army, Judaism, Taoism, Atheism. More information The religious groups listed were those most commonly reported in the 2016 Census. For all other religions, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the details in the box. If the person's religion is an Eastern Catholic religion such as Maronite Catholic, Melkite Catholic, Syro Malabar Catholic or Ukrainian Catholic, provide the full name of the religion in the 'Other (please specify)' box. If the person's religion is an Orthodox religion such as Macedonian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox or Armenian Orthodox, provide the full name of the religion in the 'Other (please specify)' box. People who have non-theistic religious beliefs or other life philosophies should record their response in the 'Other (please specify)' box. Examples of non-religious beliefs include Agnosticism, Atheism and Rationalism. If the person identifies with no religion at all, select the 'No religion' response.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from responses to the religious affiliation question, which are coded to the ASCRG.

    Respondents could use one of the mark boxes to indicate their religious affiliation or write the name of their religion in the text field. The question includes the 10 most common responses from the 2016 Census as mark boxes, as well as a write in text box. 

    Responses are coded accordingly:

    • Most responses are captured automatically from a mark box response.
    • Written responses are coded using a combination of automatic reading and coding processes.
    • Remaining responses require manual coding processes when they could not be coded or derived automatically.
    • When more than one religion or a mark box religion and a text response is recorded, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra response is rejected.
    • If a religion is not listed in the classification, it is coded to 'Inadequately described'.

    History and changes

    A question on religion has been included in all Australian censuses since 1911. Answering this question has always been optional, the very nature of which is provided for in legislation.

    The ASCRG was first published in 1996 and has been used to code religious affiliation for all Australian censuses since. Throughout this time, the classification has evolved to reflect the diverse religious affiliations identified amongst Australia’s population.

    From 1991 to 2011 the 'No religion' response category was the last response option. For 2016, a change was made to the question format, moving this category to the first response option. This change was made following the 2016 Census topic review process, where many submissions recommended changes to the Religious affiliation question. 'No religion' was again the first response option in 2021.

    For 2021, the response category order has been updated based on the most common responses in the 2016 Census:

    • 'Presbyterian' moved from 5th to 7th position
    • 'Islam' moved from 7th to 5th position
    • 'Greek Orthodox' moved from 8th to 9th position
    • 'Baptist' moved from 9th to 10th position
    • 'Hinduism' moved from 10th to 8th position.

    Changes have also been made to the 'other' examples given in the question instructions.

    Data use considerations

    The Census question is intended to measure religious affiliation, which may be different from a person's practice of or participation in a religious activity. It allows people to respond with secular or spiritual beliefs and to indicate if they have no religious affiliation at all.

    Data on religious affiliation is used for:

    • planning the location of educational facilities, aged care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations
    • planning the location of church buildings
    • the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services, and universities
    • the allocation of time on public radio and other media
    • sociological research.

    The non-response rate for Religious affiliation (RELP) was 6.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 9.1% in 2016.

    Related variable and glossary terms

    Data downloads

    Religious affiliation classification

    Year of arrival in Australia (YARP)

    Definition

    This variable is applicable to persons born overseas and records the year they first arrived in Australia to live for one year or more.

    See also, Year of arrival in Australia (ranges) (YARRP).

    Scope

    Persons born overseas who will be in Australia for more than one year

    Categories

    Code Category
    1905 - 2021 1905 to 2021 singly
    &&&& Not stated
    @@@@ Not applicable
    VVVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 120

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Persons who did not state their country of birth
    • Persons born in Australia (includes Other Territories)

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In which country was the person born?

    In which country was the person born?
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

    Example

    Example response to the question: In which country was the person born? England option selected
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England (selected response) New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)

    Example

    Example response to the question: In which country was the person born? Australia option selected
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia (selected response) England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify) Arrival in Australia This question does not apply, based on your answer to the Country of Birth question.

    In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?

    In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?
    In what year did Person 1 first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more? More information Year OR Will be in Australia for less than one year

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?
    In what year did Person 1 first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more? More information This question asks overseas-born people to provide the calendar year when they first arrived in Australia with the intention of staying for at least one year. Please enter the year of first arrival in Australia and not the year of the most recent arrival.

    How this variable is created

    The Country of birth of person (BPLP) variable is used to determine if a person was born in Australia or overseas. Australia refers to the geographical Australia defined in the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses, or the 'Will be in Australia less than one year' mark box. High and low values are checked manually to ensure that they match the actual response on the form. A check is made to ensure that a person's stated age is compatible with period of residence.

    If a respondent answers they:

    • Usually reside in another country, they are coded to 'Overseas visitor'
    • Were born overseas and usually reside in Australia but will be in Australia for less than one year, they are coded to 'Not stated'
    • Were born in Australia, they are coded to 'Not applicable'

    History and changes

    A question on year of arrival in Australia, or length of residence, was first asked in the 1911 Census and has been asked in every Census since.

    In censuses prior to 1991, the question was asked in terms of number of completed years of residence in Australia.

    In 1996, data was collected in categories ranging from 'Before 1981' to '1996'.

    From 2001 onwards, data was collected by single year with valid responses in 2011 being in the range 1895 to 2011. For 2016, data was collected by single year with valid responses in the range 1900 to 2016.

    For 2021, data is collected by single year with valid responses in the range of 1905 to 2021.

    Data use considerations

    When this variable is cross-classified with other Census data, it is useful for analysing how the characteristics of migrants change with their length of time in Australia. 

    Data is available in years singly from 1905 to 2021 (YARP), with 2021 referring to the period from 1 January to 10 August 2021 only.

    A check is performed to ensure that a person's stated age is compatible with their period of residence.

    The non-response rate for Year of arrival in Australia (YARP) was 2.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 3.5% in 2016. Where an applicable person has not provided a year of arrival, but has marked the 'Will be in Australia less than one year' mark box, this response is set to not stated.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Country of birth of person (BPLP)
    • Year of arrival in Australia (ranges) (YARRP)
    • Ethnicity

    Year of arrival in Australia (ranges) (YARRP)

    Definition

    This variable is applicable to persons born overseas and records the year in ranges when they first arrived in Australia to live for one year or more.

    See also, Year of Arrival in Australia (YARP).

    Scope

    Persons born overseas who will be in Australia for more than one year

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Arrived 1905 - 1950
    2 Arrived 1951 - 1960
    3 Arrived 1961 - 1970
    4 Arrived 1971 - 1980
    5 Arrived 1981 - 1990
    6 Arrived 1991 - 2000
    7 Arrived 2001 - 2010
    8 Arrived 2011 - 2020
    9 Arrived 1 January 2021 - 10 August 2021
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

     Number of categories: 12

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons who did not state their country of birth
    • Persons born in Australia (includes Other Territories)

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In which country was the person born?

    In which country was the person born?
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)
    Example response to the question: In which country was the person born? England option selected.
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia England (selected response) New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify)
    Example response to the question: In which country was the person born? Australia option selected.
    In which country was Person 1 born? The countries listed were the most commonly reported countries of birth in the 2016 Census. For all other countries of birth, please select the 'Other (please specify)' option and enter the name of the country in the box. Person's country of birth Australia (selected response) England New Zealand India Philippines Vietnam Italy Other (please specify) Arrival in Australia This question does not apply, based on your answer to the Country of Birth question.

    In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?

    In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?
    In what year did Person 1 first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more? More information Year OR Will be in Australia for less than one year

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: In what year did the person first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more?
    In what year did Person 1 first arrive in Australia to live for one year or more? More information This question asks overseas-born people to provide the calendar year when they first arrived in Australia with the intention of staying for at least one year. Please enter the year of first arrival in Australia and not the year of the most recent arrival.

    How this variable is created

    The Country of birth of person (BPLP) variable is used to determine if a person was born in Australia or overseas. Australia refers to the geographical Australia defined in the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses, or the 'Will be in Australia less than one year' mark box. High and low values are checked manually to ensure that they match the actual response on the form. A check is made to ensure that a person's stated age is compatible with period of residence.

    If a respondent answers they:

    • Usually reside in another country, they are coded to 'Overseas visitor'
    • Were born overseas and usually reside in Australia but will be in Australia for less than one year, they are coded to 'Not stated'
    • Were born in Australia, they are coded to 'Not applicable'.

    History and changes

    A question on year of arrival in Australia, or length of residence, was first asked in the 1911 Census and has been asked in every Census since.

    In censuses prior to 1991, the question was asked in terms of number of completed years of residence in Australia.

    In 1996, data was collected in categories ranging from 'Before 1981' to '1996'.

    From 2001 onwards, data was collected by single year with valid responses in 2011 being in the range 1895 to 2011. For 2016, data was collected by single year with valid responses in the range 1900 to 2016.

    For 2021, the year ranges for Year of arrival (YARRP) have been updated.

    Data use considerations

    There are no known data use considerations at this time.

    This variable is derived from Year of arrival in Australia (YARP). The non-response rate for Year of arrival in Australia (YARP) was 2.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 3.5% in 2016. Where an applicable person has not provided a year of arrival, but has marked the 'Will be in Australia less than one year' mark box, this response is set to not stated.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Disability and carers

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    ASSNP Core activity need for assistance June 2022
    UNCAREP Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age June 2022

    Core activity need for assistance (ASSNP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of people with a profound or severe core activity limitation. People with a profound or severe core activity limitation are those needing assistance in their day to day lives in one or more of the three core activity areas of self-care, mobility and communication because of:

    • a long-term health condition (lasting six months or more)
    • a disability (lasting six months or more)
    • old age

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has need for assistance with core activities
    2 Does not have need for assistance with core activities
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, self-care activities?

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, self-care activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, self-care activities? For example: doing everyday activities such as eating, showering, dressing or toileting. More information Person's need for help with self-care Yes, always Yes, sometimes No

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, self-care activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, self-care activities? For example: doing everyday activities such as eating, showering, dressing or toileting. More information This question refers to the extra help or supervision needed by someone because of a disability, long-term illness or old age. If Person 1 cannot do a task at all, for example, cannot dress themselves, select 'Yes, always'. For young children who have a similar need for assistance as most other children of the same age, select the most appropriate response for their situation.

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, body movement activities?

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, body movement activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, body movement activities? For example: getting out of bed, moving around at home or at places away from home. More information Person's need for help with body movement Yes, always Yes, sometimes No

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, body movement activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, body movement activities? For example: getting out of bed, moving around at home or at places away from home. More information This question refers to the extra help or supervision needed by someone because of a disability, long-term illness or old age. If Person 1 cannot do a task at all, for example, is confined to bed, select 'Yes, always'. For young children who have a similar need for assistance as most other children of the same age, select the most appropriate response for their situation.

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, communication activities?

    Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, communication activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, communication activities? For example: understanding, or being understood by, others. More information Person's need for help with communication Yes, always Yes, sometimes No

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, communication activities?
    Does Person 1 ever need someone to help with, or be with them for, communication activities? For example: understanding, or being understood by, others. More information This question refers to the extra help or supervision needed by someone because of a disability, long-term illness or old age. If Person 1 cannot do a task at all, for example, cannot communicate, select 'Yes, always'. For young children who have a similar need for assistance as most other children of the same age, select the most appropriate response for their situation.

    What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision shown in Questions 24, 25 and 26?

    What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision shown in Questions 24, 25 and 26?
    What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision? Select all applicable reasons. More information Reason person needs help No need for assistance Short-term health condition (lasting less than six months) Long-term health condition (lasting six months or more) Disability (lasting six months or more) Old or young age Difficulty with English language Other reason

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision shown in Questions 24, 25 and 26?
    What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision? Select all applicable reasons. More information For young children, select ‘Old or young age' if the need for assistance is similar to most other children of the same age. Where a person needs assistance with communication due to difficulties with English, and if the need for assistance would not be present when communicating in their own language, select 'Difficulty with English language'.

    How this variable is created

    The Census uses a set of four questions (paper form questions 24-27) to derive ‘core activity need for assistance’. Responses to the questions are captured automatically from mark box responses.

    To determine if a person’s need for assistance in one or more of the three core activity areas is due to a long-term health condition, disability or old age, the question on the Census form asks, ‘What are the reasons for the need for assistance or supervision?’.

    To be coded to the category ‘Has need for assistance with core activities’, the response needs to be one or more of the following:

    • Long-term health condition (lasting six months or more)
    • Disability (lasting six months or more)

    To be coded to the category ‘Does not have need for assistance with core activities’, the response needs to be one or more of the following:

    • No need for assistance
    • Short-term health condition (lasting less than six months)
    • Difficulty with English language
    • Other cause

    If a person’s only response is ‘Old or young age’, they are coded as follows:

    • If under 40 years of age – ‘Does not have need for assistance with core activities’
    • If 40 years or over – ‘Has need for assistance with core activities’

    History and changes

    The Census ‘Core activity need for assistance’ concept was developed for the 2006 Census to indicate the disability status of people in Australia according to geographic area, and for small groups within the population.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable helps service providers and governments plan what local facilities, services and support are required, such as in-home support, respite care and support to carers.

    Of all ABS collections of disability data, only the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) is considered to comprehensively measure disability populations, and to provide rates of prevalence at the national and state levels.  The Census concept ‘Core activity need for assistance’ is related to the ‘disability status’ information collected in the SDAC.  The purpose of the Census is to identify people with a ‘profound or severe core activity limitation’ using similar criteria to the SDAC.

    Users wanting more comprehensive information about the disability status of people in Australia should instead refer to the publication Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, 2018. Despite the conceptual consistency of the measures in the Census and SDAC, abbreviating the set of questions used to collect data on disability, as required for the Census, reduces the number of people who can be classified as having a disability or to a particular level of disability, depending on the concept being collected. The publication, ABS Sources of Disability Information, 2012-2016 examines the different ABS sources of disability data. 

    The non-response rate for Core activity need for assistance (ASSNP) was 5.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.1% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age (UNCAREP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of people who in the two weeks prior to Census Night spent time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of:

    • a disability
    • a long-term health condition
    • problems related to old age 

    This includes people who are in receipt of a Carer Allowance or Carer Payment. It does not include care provided through a voluntary organisation or group. Occasional help or assistance, such as shopping, is included if the person needs this type of assistance because of their condition.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 No unpaid assistance provided
    2 Provided unpaid assistance
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the last two weeks did the person spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long-term health condition, or problems related to old age?

    In the last two weeks did the person spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long-term health condition or problems related to old age?
    In the last two weeks did Person 1 spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long-term health condition, or problems related to old age? People who receive Carer Allowance or Carer Payment should state that they provided unpaid care. Occasional help or assistance, such as shopping, should only be included if the person needs this type of assistance because of their condition. Do not include work done through a voluntary organisation or group. More information Person's unpaid care for others No, did not provide unpaid care, help or assistance Yes, provided unpaid care, help or assistance

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: In the last two weeks did the person spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long-term health condition or problems related to old age?
    In the last two weeks did Person 1 spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long-term health condition, or problems related to old age? People who receive Carer Allowance or Carer Payment should state that they provided unpaid care. Occasional help or assistance, such as shopping, should only be included if the person needs this type of assistance because of their condition. Do not include work done through a voluntary organisation or group. More information A long-term health condition is one that has lasted, or is likely to last for six months or more. Unpaid care can include: • bathing, dressing, toileting or feeding someone • helping someone to move around • helping someone to understand or be understood by others • providing emotional support to someone and helping them maintain friendships and social activities • helping with or supervising medication or dressing wounds • cleaning, laundry, cooking, managing diets and preparing meals • performing housework, light household repairs or maintenance • managing household finances • driving or accompanying someone to appointments or activities.

    How this variable is created

    The responses to the unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition or due to old age question are captured automatically from the mark box responses on the Census form.

    History and changes

    Questions on unpaid work and care, including ‘Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability’, were first asked for the 2006 Census.

    In 2021, the name of the variable changed from ‘Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability’ to ‘Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age’.

    Data use considerations

    The question asked about care or assistance provided to another person to assist with daily activities because of disability, long-term illness, or problems related to old age in the two weeks prior to the Census. No information on the amount of time spent on providing such unpaid care was collected. Further to the instructions in the question, the online form prompted respondents to include activities such as (but not limited to):

    • bathing
    • dressing
    • toileting and feeding someone
    • helping someone to move around
    • helping someone be understood by others
    • providing emotional support and helping maintain friendships and social activities
    • helping with or supervising medication or dressing wounds
    • cleaning
    • laundry
    • cooking
    • managing diets and preparing meals
    • performing housework
    • light household repairs or maintenance
    • managing household finances
    • driving or accompanying someone to appointments or activities

    Care should be taken when comparing Census data on ‘Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age’ with information from other surveys and publications. The Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers collects information on the number of carers and their characteristics. Definitions and methodology can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    The name of this variable changed in 2021, however the scope and content remains the same. If using time series data, the variable was previously called ‘Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability’.

    The non-response rate for Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition, or due to old age (UNCAREP) was 6.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.9% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Education and training

    Mnemonic  Variable Release  
    EETP Engagement in employment, education and training October 2022
    HEAP Level of highest educational attainment October 2022
    HSCP Highest year of school completed June 2022
    QALFP Non-school qualification: field of study October 2022
    QALLP Non-school qualification: level of education October 2022
    STUP Full-time/part-time student status June 2022
    TYPP Type of educational institution attending June 2022
    TYSTAP Educational institution: attendee status June 2022

    Engagement in employment, education and training (EETP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person is engaged or not engaged in work and/or study. Data can be used to better understand groups of interest, such as youth, or people approaching retirement age, by analysing by age cohorts.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Fully engaged
    11 Fully engaged - Engaged through full-time study and full-time employment
    12 Fully engaged - Primarily engaged through full-time study
    13 Fully engaged - Primarily engaged through full-time employment
    14 Fully engaged - Engaged through part-time study and part-time employment
    15 Fully engaged - Engaged other
    2 Partially engaged
    21 Partially engaged - Engaged in part-time study only
    22 Partially engaged - Engaged in part-time work only
    3 At least partially engaged
    31 At least partially engaged
    4 Not engaged
    41 Not engaged
    & Engagement status undetermined/not stated
    && Engagement status undetermined/not stated
    @ Not applicable
    @@ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:

    • One digit: 7
    • Two digit: 12

    Not applicable (@@) comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Example response to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age? Don't know response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: . Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Person's job last week Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' or 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down' to the previous question, 'Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?'

    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: Working for an employer, Working in own business
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Person's type of employment Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information Whether person looked for work No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: . Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Whether person could have started work last week Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?'

    How this variable is created

    Data is derived from the following variables:

    • Labour force status and hours worked not stated (LFHRP)
    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)
    • Age (AGEP)

    The variables are cross tabulated to identify the type of engagement in work and/or study. Further information is shown in the matrix in the Data downloads section below. 

    History and changes

    This variable was first reported in 2016.

    In 2021, the categories have been expanded to provide a more detailed breakdown for 'fully engaged' and 'partially engaged'. This is required for several national reporting measures and allows for more complex analysis.

    Data use considerations

    For the 2006 and 2011 Censuses, data for this variable can be derived based on existing data items.

    People are included in the variable categories according to the criteria below:

    Engagement in Employment, Education and Training categories People included in this category

    Fully engaged

    People engaged in full-time work or study

    People engaged in both work and study (regardless of hours for each)

    Partially engaged

    People employed or studying part-time (and not engaged in both work and study)

    Examples:

    • Employed part-time and not attending an educational institution
    • Studying part-time and either unemployed or not in the labour force

    At least partially engaged

    People engaged in study or in the labour force, but did not provide enough information to determine if they were fully or partially engaged.

    Example:

    • Person who was studying part-time but who did not state their labour force status

    Not engaged

    People who are unemployed or not in the labour force (and not attending an educational institution)

    Engagement status undetermined/Not stated

    People who did not state their student status and who were either unemployed or not in the labour force.

    This category also includes persons who were non-responding (not stated) for both their student status and their labour force status

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Age (AGEP)
    • Labour force status (LFSP)
    • Labour force status and hours worked not stated (LFHRP)
    • Hours worked (HRSP)
    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)

    Downloads

    National reporting indicators 2021

    Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)

    Definition

    This variable records a single measure of a person’s overall highest level of educational attainment, whether it be a school or non-school qualification. It helps to build a picture of educational attainment and qualifications across Australia and can be used to:

    • compare with data collected in previous Censuses to help understand the changes of educational achievement in Australia over time
    • determine the general level of educational achievement of the Australian population and of specific groups in Australian society
    • investigate the relationship between levels of education and employment outcomes, income and other socioeconomic variables.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Categories for Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)

    1 Postgraduate Degree Level
      10 Postgraduate Degree Level, nfd
        100 Postgraduate Degree Level, nfd
      11 Doctoral Degree Level
        110 Doctoral Degree Level, nfd
        111 Higher Doctorate
        114 Professional Specialist Qualification, Doctoral Degree Level
      12 Master Degree Level
        120 Master Degree Level, nfd
    2 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level
      20 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level, nfd
        200 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level, nfd
      21 Graduate Diploma Level
        211 Graduate Diploma
      22 Graduate Certificate Level
        221 Graduate Certificate
    3 Bachelor Degree Level
      31 Bachelor Degree Level
        310 Bachelor Degree Level, nfd
    4 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level
      40 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level, nfd
        400 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level, nfd
      41 Advanced Diploma and Associate Degree Level
        411 Advanced Diploma
        413 Associate Degree
      42 Diploma Level
        420 Diploma Level, nfd
        421 Diploma
    5 Certificate III & IV Level
      51 Certificate III & IV Level
        510 Certificate III & IV Level, nfd
        511 Certificate IV
        514 Certificate III
    6 Secondary Education - Years 10 and above
      61 Secondary Education - Years 10 and above
        611 Year 12
        613 Year 11
        621 Year 10
    7 Certificate I & II Level
      72 Certificate I & II Level
        720 Certificate I & II Level, nfd
        721 Certificate II
        724 Certificate I
    8 Secondary Education - Years 9 and below
      81 Secondary Education - Years 9 and below
        811 Year 9
        812 Year 8 or below
    Supplementary Codes  
    9 Supplementary Codes
      90 Level of education inadequately described
        001 Inadequately described
      91 No educational attainment
        998 No educational attainment
    & Not stated  
      && Not stated
        &&& Not stated
    @ Not applicable  
      @@ Not applicable
        @@@ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor  
      VV Overseas visitor
        VVV Overseas visitor

    Not applicable (@@@) comprises:
    • Persons aged under 15 years 

    Number of categories:
    • 1 digit - 12
    • 2 digit - 20
    • 3 digit - 31

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Person's highest year of school completed Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information Person's completed qualification No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information Field of study

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information The main field of study is in relation to the highest qualification entered in the previous question. If the person has two or more qualifications and they are at the same level, provide the field of the one obtained most recently. If the person has two qualifications of the same level, completed at the same time (for example, double degrees), select the qualification considered the most important to them.

    How this variable is created

    Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP) is derived using a combination of two variables:

    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP)

    These variables are sourced from the Census questions.

    The derivation process determines which of the 'non-school' and 'school' attainments will be regarded as the highest. Usually the higher-ranking attainment is self-evident, but in some cases Secondary education is regarded as higher than some Certificate level attainments. The following decision table describes how Certificate levels and Highest year of school completed are coded.

    Table 1. Derivation of level of Highest educational attainment decision table
    Highest year of school completed (HSCP) Certificate nfd*
    (500)
    Certificate III & IV nfd*
    (510)
    Certificate IV
    (511)
    Certificate III
    (514)
    Certificate I & II nfd*
    (520)
    Certificate II
    (521)
    Certificate I (524) Level of education inadequately described
    (011)
    Level of education
    not stated
    (&&&)

    Year 12 (1)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Year 12

    Year 12

    Year 12

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Year 11 (2)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Year 11

    Year 11

    Year 11

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Year 10 (3)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Year 10

    Year 10

    Year 10

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Year 9 (4)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Certificate I & II nfd

    Certificate II

    Certificate I

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Year 8 or below (5)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Certificate I & II nfd

    Certificate II

    Certificate I

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Did not go to school (6)

    Inadequately described

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Certificate I & II nfd

    Certificate II

    Certificate I

    Inadequately described

    Not stated

    Not stated (&)

    Not stated

    Certificate III & IV, nfd

    Certificate IV

    Certificate III

    Not stated

    Not stated

    Not stated

    Not stated

    Not stated

    Note: the number in brackets refer to the classification code used for Highest year of school completed (HSCP) and Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP).

    *nfd: not further defined

    History and changes

    While questions regarding educational qualifications in general have been asked for every Census since 1911, Level of highest educational attainment, which combines measures of school and non-school education, was first reported in 2006.

    In 2011, people in the following categories were assigned a Level of highest educational attainment the same as their highest year of school completed:

    • Highest Year of School Completed of Year 8 or below to Year 12
    • Certificate not further defined

    In 2016, people with ‘Highest Year of School Completed of Year 8 or below to Year 12’ and a ‘Certificate not further defined’ were assigned a Level of highest educational attainment as 'Inadequately described'.

    For 2021, Undergraduate certificates are a new qualification and will be coded to category '420 Diploma level, nfd'. In previous Censuses, nothing has been coded to this category. See also Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP).

    Data use considerations

    This variable can be used to provide data on Target 6 for the National Agreement for Closing the Gap.

    • By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 25-34 years who have completed a tertiary qualification (Certificate III and above) to 70 per cent.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Highest year of school completed (HSCP)

    Definition

    This variable records the highest level of primary or secondary schooling completed. The data is used to help build a picture of the education levels attained in each area of Australia and to assist in the planning of educational facilities.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Year 12 or equivalent
    2 Year 11 or equivalent
    3 Year 10 or equivalent
    4 Year 9 or equivalent
    5 Year 8 or below
    6 Did not go to school
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001.

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See the Glossary for further information about the meaning of ‘or equivalent level of education’.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Person's highest year of school completed Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is sourced directly from the highest year of primary or secondary school question on the Census form. The responses are captured automatically from mark box responses. Respondents are asked to only mark one response. Where respondents provided more than one response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and extra responses are rejected.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Highest year of school completed where respondents reported their highest level of educational attainment was first asked in the 1911 Census. In 2016 some minor adjustment to the wording of the question instructions was made for the purposes of clarity.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The 'Still at school' category has been excluded from the classification since 2006. It allowed the level of highest educational attainment to be determined for people still at school. From 2006 onwards, those still studying at school and the year level they are currently in can be identified by cross-classifying Highest year of school completed (HSCP) and Type of educational institution attending (TYPP). Full-time/part-time student status (STUP) may also be used.

    The non-response rate for Highest year of school completed (HSCP) was 6.6% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.6% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)
    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)
    • Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)
    • Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate II or higher (YR12C2P)
    • Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate III or higher (YR12C3P)

    Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the field of study of a person’s highest completed non-school qualification. Qualifications data is used to:

    • help build a picture of the different non-school qualifications undertaken in Australia and how this has changed over time
    • assess the skill level of the labour force, and potential labour force
    • understand the characteristics of Australia’s workforce when compared with occupation and industry of employment.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over who stated a completed qualification

    Categories

    Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP) is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page.

    01 Natural and Physical Sciences

     01  Natural and Physical Sciences
       0100 Natural and Physical Sciences, nfd
         010000 Natural and Physical Sciences, nfd
       0101 Mathematical Sciences
         010100 Mathematical Sciences, nfd
         010101 Mathematics
         010103  Statistics
         010199 Mathematical Sciences, nec
       0103 Physics and Astronomy
         010300 Physics and Astronomy, nfd
         010301 Physics
         010303  Astronomy
       0105 Chemical Sciences
         010500 Chemical Sciences, nfd
         010501  Organic Chemistry
         010503 Inorganic Chemistry
         010599 Chemical Sciences, nec
       0107 Earth Sciences  
         010700 Earth Sciences, nfd
         010701 Atmospheric Sciences
         010703 Geology
         010705 Geophysics
         010707 Geochemistry
         010709 Soil Science
         010711 Hydrology
         010713 Oceanography
         010799 Earth Sciences, nec
       0109 Biological Sciences
         010900 Biological Sciences, nfd
         010901 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
         010903 Botany
         010905 Ecology and Evolution
         010907 Marine Science
         010909 Genetics
         010911 Microbiology
         010913 Human Biology
         010915 Zoology
         010999 Biological Sciences, nec
       0199 Other Natural and Physical Sciences
         019900  Other Natural and Physical Sciences, nfd
         019901  Medical Science
         019903  Forensic Science
         019905  Food Science and Biotechnology
         019907 Pharmacology
         019909  Laboratory Technology
         019999  Natural and Physical Sciences, nec

    02 Information Technology

     02  Information Technology  
       0200 Information Technology, nfd
         020000  Information Technology, nfd
       0201  Computer Science
         020100  Computer Science, nfd
         020101  Formal Language Theory
         020103 Programming
         020105 Computational Theory
         020107 Compiler Construction
         020109 Algorithms
         020111  Data Structures
         020113 Networks and Communications
         020115  Computer Graphics
         020117 Operating Systems
         020119 Artificial Intelligence
         020199  Computer Science, nec
       0203 Information Systems
         020300  Information Systems, nfd
         020301 Conceptual Modelling
         020303 Database Management
         020305 Systems Analysis and Design
         020307 Decision Support Systems
         020399 Information Systems, nec
       0299 Other Information Technology
         029900 Other Information Technology, nfd
         029901 Security Science
         029999 Information Technology, nec

    03 Engineering and Related Technologies

     03 Engineering and Related Technologies
       0300  Engineering and Related Technologies, nfd
         030000 Engineering and Related Technologies, nfd
       0301  Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
         030100  Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, nfd
         030101 Manufacturing Engineering
         030103 Printing
         030105  Textile Making
         030107 Garment Making
         030109  Footwear Making
         030111  Wood Machining and Turning
         030113 Cabinet Making
         030115 Furniture Upholstery and Renovation
         030117  Furniture Polishing
         030199  Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, nec
       0303  Process and Resources Engineering
         030300  Process and Resources Engineering, nfd
         030301  Chemical Engineering
         030303  Mining Engineering
         030305  Materials Engineering
         030307  Food Processing Technology
         030399  Process and Resources Engineering, nec
       0305  Automotive Engineering and Technology
         030500  Automotive Engineering and Technology, nfd
         030501  Automotive Engineering
         030503  Vehicle Mechanics
         030505  Automotive Electrics and Electronics
         030507 Automotive Vehicle Refinishing
         030509 Automotive Body Construction
         030511  Panel Beating
         030513  Upholstery and Vehicle Trimming
         030515  Automotive Vehicle Operations
         030599 Automotive Engineering and Technology, nec
       0307 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Technology
         030700 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Technology, nfd
         030701 Mechanical Engineering
         030703  Industrial Engineering
         030705 Toolmaking
         030707  Metal Fitting, Turning and Machining
         030709 Sheetmetal Working
         030711 Boilermaking and Welding
         030713 Metal Casting and Patternmaking
         030715 Precision Metalworking
         030717 Plant and Machine Operations
         030799  Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Technology, nec
       0309  Civil Engineering
         030900 Civil Engineering, nfd
         030901 Construction Engineering
         030903  Structural Engineering
         030905  Building Services Engineering
         030907  Water and Sanitary Engineering
         030909 Transport Engineering
         030911  Geotechnical Engineering
         030913 Ocean Engineering
         030999 Civil Engineering, nec
       0311  Geomatic Engineering
         031100  Geomatic Engineering, nfd
         031101 Surveying
         031103 Mapping Science
         031199  Geomatic Engineering, nec
       0313  Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology
         031300 Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology, nfd
         031301  Electrical Engineering
         031303  Electronic Engineering
         031305  Computer Engineering
         031307  Communications Technologies
         031309  Communications Equipment Installation and Maintenance
         031311  Powerline Installation and Maintenance
         031313  Electrical Fitting, Electrical Mechanics
         031315  Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanics
         031317  Electronic Equipment Servicing
         031399  Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology, nec
       0315 Aerospace Engineering and Technology
         031500  Aerospace Engineering and Technology, nfd
         031501  Aerospace Engineering
         031503  Aircraft Maintenance Engineering
         031505  Aircraft Operation
         031507  Air Traffic Control
         031599  Aerospace Engineering and Technology, nec
       0317 Maritime Engineering and Technology
         031700 Maritime Engineering and Technology, nfd
         031701  Maritime Engineering
         031703 Marine Construction
         031705  Marine Craft Operation
         031799  Maritime Engineering and Technology, nec
       0399 Other Engineering and Related Technologies
         039900 Other Engineering and Related Technologies, nfd
         039901  Environmental Engineering
         039903  Biomedical Engineering
         039905  Fire Technology
         039907  Rail Operations
         039909  Cleaning
         039999  Engineering and Related Technologies, nec

    04 Architecture and Building

     04  Architecture and Building  
       0400  Architecture and Building, nfd
         040000  Architecture and Building, nfd
       0401 Architecture and Urban Environment
         040100  Architecture and Urban Environment, nfd
         040101  Architecture
         040103 Urban Design and Regional Planning
         040105  Landscape Architecture
         040107 Interior and Environmental Design
         040199 Architecture and Urban Environment, nec
       0403  Building  
         040300  Building, nfd
         040301  Building Science and Technology
         040303 Building Construction Management
         040305 Building Surveying
         040307  Building Construction Economics
         040309  Bricklaying and Stonemasonry
         040311  Carpentry and Joinery
         040313  Ceiling, Wall and Floor Fixing
         040315  Roof Fixing
         040317  Plastering
         040319  Furnishing Installation
         040321  Floor Coverings
         040323 Glazing
         040325  Painting, Decorating and Sign Writing
         040327  Plumbing
         040329  Scaffolding and Rigging
         040399 Building, nec

    05 Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

     05 Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies
       0500  Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies, nfd
         050000  Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies, nfd
       0501 Agriculture  
         050100  Agriculture, nfd
         050101 Agricultural Science
         050103  Wool Science
         050105 Animal Husbandry
         050199 Agriculture, nec
       0503  Horticulture and Viticulture
         050300  Horticulture and Viticulture, nfd
         050301  Horticulture
         050303  Viticulture
       0505  Forestry Studies
         050501 Forestry Studies
       0507  Fisheries Studies
         050700  Fisheries Studies, nfd
         050701  Aquaculture
         050799  Fisheries Studies, nec
       0509  Environmental Studies
         050900 Environmental Studies, nfd
         050901  Land, Parks and Wildlife Management
         050999  Environmental Studies, nec
       0599  Other Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies
         059900 Other Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies, nfd
         059901 Pest and Weed Control
         059999 Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies, nec

    06 Health

     06  Health    
       0600  Health, nfd  
         060000 Health, nfd
       0601  Medical Studies
         060100  Medical Studies, nfd
         060101  General Medicine
         060103 Surgery
         060105 Psychiatry
         060107 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
         060109 Paediatrics
         060111  Anaesthesiology
         060113  Pathology
         060115  Radiology
         060117 Internal Medicine
         060119  General Practice
         060199 Medical Studies, nec
       0603 Nursing  
         060300  Nursing, nfd
         060301  General Nursing
         060303  Midwifery
         060305 Mental Health Nursing
         060307 Community Nursing
         060309 Critical Care Nursing
         060311  Aged Care Nursing
         060313  Palliative Care Nursing
         060315  Mothercraft Nursing and Family and Child Health Nursing
         060399  Nursing, nec
       0605  Pharmacy  
         060501  Pharmacy
       0607  Dental Studies  
         060700 Dental Studies, nfd
         060701  Dentistry
         060703 Dental Assisting
         060705 Dental Technology
         060799 Dental Studies, nec
       0609 Optical Science  
         060900 Optical Science, nfd
         060901 Optometry
         060903  Optical Technology
         060999  Optical Science, nec
       0611  Veterinary Studies
         061100  Veterinary Studies, nfd
         061101 Veterinary Science
         061103 Veterinary Assisting
         061199 Veterinary Studies, nec
       0613  Public Health  
         061300  Public Health, nfd
         061301  Occupational Health and Safety
         061303 Environmental Health
         061305 Indigenous Health
         061307 Health Promotion
         061309  Community Health
         061311  Epidemiology
         061399  Public Health, nec
       0615  Radiography  
         061501 Radiography
       0617  Rehabilitation Therapies
         061700  Rehabilitation Therapies, nfd
         061701  Physiotherapy
         061703 Occupational Therapy
         061705  Chiropractic and Osteopathy
         061707  Speech Pathology
         061709 Audiology
         061711  Massage Therapy
         061713  Podiatry
         061799  Rehabilitation Therapies, nec
       0619  Complementary Therapies
         061900  Complementary Therapies, nfd
         061901 Naturopathy
         061903  Acupuncture
         061905  Traditional Chinese Medicine
         061999  Complementary Therapies, nec
       0699  Other Health  
         069900 Other Health, nfd
         069901  Nutrition and Dietetics
         069903 Human Movement
         069905 Paramedical Studies
         069907 First Aid
         069999  Health, nec

    07 Education

     07  Education  
       0700  Education, nfd  
         070000  Education, nfd
       0701  Teacher Education
         070100 Teacher Education, nfd
         070101 Teacher Education: Early Childhood
         070103 Teacher Education: Primary
         070105  Teacher Education: Secondary
         070107 Teacher-Librarianship
         070109  Teacher Education: Vocational Education and Training
         070111  Teacher Education: Higher Education
         070113  Teacher Education: Special Education
         070115  English as a Second Language Teaching
         070117  Nursing Education Teacher Training
         070199  Teacher Education, nec
       0703 Curriculum and Education Studies
         070300  Curriculum and Education Studies, nfd
         070301  Curriculum Studies
         070303  Education Studies
       0799  Other Education  
         079999 Education, nec

    08 Management and Commerce

     08 Management and Commerce
       0800  Management and Commerce, nfd
         080000  Management and Commerce, nfd
       0801  Accounting  
         080101 Accounting
       0803  Business and Management
         080300  Business and Management, nfd
         080301  Business Management
         080303  Human Resource Management
         080305  Personal Management Training
         080307 Organisation Management
         080309  Industrial Relations
         080311  International Business
         080313  Public and Health Care Administration
         080315  Project Management
         080317  Quality Management
         080319  Hospitality Management
         080321  Farm Management and Agribusiness
         080323  Tourism Management
         080399  Business and Management, nec
       0805  Sales and Marketing
         080500  Sales and Marketing, nfd
         080501 Sales
         080503  Real Estate
         080505  Marketing
         080507  Advertising
         080509  Public Relations
         080599  Sales and Marketing, nec
       0807 Tourism  
         080701  Tourism
       0809  Office Studies  
         080900  Office Studies, nfd
         080901 Secretarial and Clerical Studies
         080903  Keyboard Skills
         080905  Practical Computing Skills
         080999  Office Studies, nec
       0811  Banking, Finance and Related Fields
         081100 Banking, Finance and Related Fields, nfd
         081101 Banking and Finance
         081103  Insurance and Actuarial Studies
         081105  Investment and Securities
         081199  Banking, Finance and Related Fields, nec
       0899  Other Management and Commerce
         089900  Other Management and Commerce, nfd
         089901  Purchasing, Warehousing and Distribution
         089903  Valuation
         089999  Management and Commerce, nec

    09 Society and Culture

     09  Society and Culture  
       0900 Society and Culture, nfd
         090000  Society and Culture, nfd
       0901  Political Science and Policy Studies
         090100 Political Science and Policy Studies, nfd
         090101 Political Science
         090103  Policy Studies
       0903  Studies in Human Society
         090300 Studies in Human Society, nfd
         090301 Sociology
         090303 Anthropology
         090305 History
         090307 Archaeology
         090309  Human Geography
         090311  Indigenous Studies
         090313  Gender Specific Studies
         090399 Studies in Human Society, nec
       0905  Human Welfare Studies and Services
         090500 Human Welfare Studies and Services, nfd
         090501  Social Work
         090503 Children's Services
         090505 Youth Work
         090507  Care for the Aged
         090509 Care for the Disabled
         090511  Residential Client Care
         090513  Counselling
         090515  Welfare Studies
         090599 Human Welfare Studies and Services, nec
       0907  Behavioural Science
         090700 Behavioural Science, nfd
         090701  Psychology
         090799 Behavioural Science, nec
       0909  Law  
         090900 Law, nfd
         090901 Business and Commercial Law
         090903  Constitutional Law
         090905  Criminal Law
         090907  Family Law
         090909  International Law
         090911  Taxation Law
         090913  Legal Practice
         090999 Law, nec
       0911  Justice and Law Enforcement
         091100 Justice and Law Enforcement, nfd
         091101  Justice Administration
         091103  Legal Studies
         091105  Police Studies
         091199 Justice and Law Enforcement, nec
       0913  Librarianship, Information Management and Curatorial Studies
         091300  Librarianship, Information Management and Curatorial Studies, nfd
         091301  Librarianship and Information Management
         091303  Curatorial Studies
       0915  Language and Literature
         091500 Language and Literature, nfd
         091501  English Language
         091503  Northern European Languages
         091505  Southern European Languages
         091507  Eastern European Languages
         091509  Southwest Asian and North African Languages
         091511  Southern Asian Languages
         091513  Southeast Asian Languages
         091515  Eastern Asian Languages
         091517  Australian Indigenous Languages
         091519  Translating and Interpreting
         091521 Linguistics
         091523  Literature
         091599 Language and Literature, nec
       0917 Philosophy and Religious Studies
         091700  Philosophy and Religious Studies, nfd
         091701  Philosophy
         091703  Religious Studies
       0919  Economics and Econometrics
         091900  Economics and Econometrics, nfd
         091901  Economics
         091903  Econometrics
       0921  Sport and Recreation
         092100  Sport and Recreation, nfd
         092101  Sport and Recreation Activities
         092103 Sports Coaching, Officiating and Instruction
         092199  Sport and Recreation, nec
       0999  Other Society and Culture
         099900  Other Society and Culture, nfd
         099901  Family and Consumer Studies
         099903 Criminology
         099905  Security Services
         099999 Society and Culture, nec

    10 Creative Arts

     10 Creative Arts  
       1000  Creative Arts, nfd
         100000  Creative Arts, nfd
       1001  Performing Arts
         100100  Performing Arts, nfd
         100101  Music
         100103  Drama and Theatre Studies
         100105  Dance
         100199  Performing Arts, nec
       1003  Visual Arts and Crafts
         100300  Visual Arts and Crafts, nfd
         100301  Fine Arts
         100303  Photography
         100305  Crafts
         100307  Jewellery Making
         100309  Floristry
         100399 Visual Arts and Crafts, nec
       1005  Graphic and Design Studies
         100500  Graphic and Design Studies, nfd
         100501  Graphic Arts and Design Studies
         100503  Textile Design
         100505  Fashion Design
         100599  Graphic and Design Studies, nec
       1007 Communication and Media Studies
         100700 Communication and Media Studies, nfd
         100701 Audio Visual Studies
         100703 Journalism
         100705 Written Communication
         100707  Verbal Communication
         100799 Communication and Media Studies, nec
       1099  Other Creative Arts
         109999 Creative Arts, nec

    11 Food, Hospitality and Personal Services

     11  Food, Hospitality and Personal Services
       1100 Food, Hospitality and Personal Services, nfd
         110000 Food, Hospitality and Personal Services, nfd
       1101 Food and Hospitality
         110100  Food and Hospitality, nfd
         110101  Hospitality
         110103  Food and Beverage Service
         110105 Butchery
         110107  Baking and Pastrymaking
         110109 Cookery
         110111  Food Hygiene
         110199  Food and Hospitality, nec
       1103  Personal Services
         110300 Personal Services, nfd
         110301  Beauty Therapy
         110303  Hairdressing
         110399 Personal Services, nec

    12 Mixed Field Programmes

     12  Mixed Field Programmes  
       1200  Mixed Field Programmes, nfd
         120000 Mixed Field Programmes, nfd
       1201  General Education Programmes
         120100  General Education Programmes, nfd
         120101  General Primary and Secondary Education Programmes
         120103  Literacy and Numeracy Programmes
         120105  Learning Skills Programmes
         120199 General Education Programmes, nec
       1203  Social Skills Programmes
         120300  Social Skills Programmes, nfd
         120301 Social and Interpersonal Skills Programmes
         120303  Survival Skills Programmes
         120305 Parental Education Programmes
         120399  Social Skills Programmes, nec
       1205 Employment Skills Programmes
         120500  Employment Skills Programmes, nfd
         120501  Career Development Programmes
         120503  Job Search Skills Programmes
         120505 Work Practices Programmes
         120599  Employment Skills Programmes, nec
       1299 Other Mixed Field Programmes
         129999 Mixed Field Programmes, nec

    Supplementary codes

    00 Field of study inadequately described
      0001 Field of study inadequately described
         000110  Field of study inadequately described
    && Field of study not stated  
      &&&& Field of study not stated
         &&&&&&  Field of study not stated
    @@ Not applicable  
      @@@@ Not applicable  
         @@@@@@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor  
      VVVV Overseas visitor
         VVVVVV  Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:

    • Two digit: 16
    • Four digit: 87
    • Six digit: 435

    Not applicable (@@@@@@) comprises:

    • Persons who have a qualification that is out of scope of this classification
    • Persons with no qualifications
    • Persons still studying for a first qualification
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Person's highest year of school completed Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information Person's completed qualification No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information Field of study

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information The main field of study is in relation to the highest qualification entered in the previous question. If the person has two or more qualifications and they are at the same level, provide the field of the one obtained most recently. If the person has two qualifications of the same level, completed at the same time (for example, double degrees), select the qualification considered the most important to them.

    Did the person complete this qualification before 1998?

    Did the person complete this qualification before 1998?
    Did Person 1 complete this qualification before 1998? When person completed qualification Yes, before 1998 No, 1998 or later

    How this variable is created

    Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP) is mainly coded based on written responses for qualification level and qualification field questions. The following questions may also be used:

    • Highest year of primary or secondary school completed
    • Qualification indicator (question asking whether person has completed any educational qualification)
    • Whether the qualification was completed before 1998

    History and changes

    The question on main field of study was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked in every Census since then.

    In 2001, the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED) replaced the ABS Classification of Qualifications (ABSCQ).

    In the 2006 Census, the year completed question was reworded to ask if the qualification was obtained before 1998 or from 1998 onward, with 1998 being the year the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) was introduced. The distinction between certificates awarded pre-1998 and from 1998 onward is also used to assist in coding some certificates to finer levels of the ASCED classification.

    In 2021, minor instructional text changes to the main field of study question have been made to provide guidance for people with double degrees. The field examples were updated based on prevalence in the 2016 Census and selected to include fields found at the VET and University levels.

    Data use considerations

    When using this variable, the directly applicable population (i.e. those who answered 'Yes' to the Qualifications indicator question) is not identifiable in the output data set. This is because those who answered 'Yes, other qualification' to the Qualifications indicator question, and then subsequently did not provide a response to the question on main field of highest qualification, are coded to 'not stated' in this variable. Therefore, this variable cannot be used as a count of people who hold a qualification.

    The non-response rate for Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP) was 12.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 15.1% in 2016.

    A large component of non-response for this variable is due to people not answering the Qualification Indicator question and the Non-school qualification: field of study questions. People may have: 

    • not seen the question relevant to themselves, and did not respond 
    • been imputed into occupied dwellings where no form had been returned.

    It may not be appropriate to consider these groups of non-respondents when calculating non-response for the directly applicable population.

    When Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP) is analysed in conjunction with a 'Yes' response to the Qualifications Indicator question, the non-response rate was 2.3% in 2021. This is an increase from 2.0% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)
    • Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP)
    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)

    Data downloads

    Non-school qualification: field of study classification

    Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the level of a person’s highest completed non-school qualification. Non-school qualifications are educational attainments other than those of a pre-primary, primary or secondary education level. This information about education will help to:

    • build a picture of educational levels in each area of Australia
    • show how different groups of people take part in education
    • help to plan education services in different areas.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over who stated a completed qualification

    Categories

    Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP) is coded using the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001, Level of Education Classification.

    Categories for Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP)

    1 Postgraduate Degree Level
      10 Postgraduate Degree Level, nfd
        100 Postgraduate Degree Level, nfd
      11 Doctoral Degree Level
        110 Doctoral Degree Level, nfd
        111 Higher Doctorate
        114 Professional Specialist Qualification at Doctoral Degree Level
      12 Master Degree Level
        120 Master Degree Level, nfd
    2 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level
      20 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level, nfd
        200 Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate Level, nfd
      21 Graduate Diploma Level
        211 Graduate Diploma
      22 Graduate Certificate Level
        221 Graduate Certificate
    3 Bachelor Degree Level
      31 Bachelor Degree Level
        310 Bachelor Degree Level, nfd
    4 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level
      40 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level, nfd
        400 Advanced Diploma and Diploma Level, nfd
      41 Advanced Diploma and Associate Degree Level
        411 Advanced Diploma
        413 Associate Degree
      42 Diploma Level
        420 Diploma Level, nfd
        421 Diploma
    5 Certificate Level  
      50 Certificate Level, nfd
        500 Certificate Level, nfd
      51 Certificate III & IV Level
        510 Certificate III & IV Level, nfd
        511 Certificate IV
        514 Certificate III
      52 Certificate I & II Level
        520 Certificate I & II Level, nfd
        521 Certificate II
        524 Certificate I
    Supplementary codes  
    0 Level of education inadequately described
      01 Level of education inadequately described
        011 Level of education inadequately described
    & Level of education not stated
      && Level of education not stated
        &&& Level of education not stated
    @ Not applicable  
      @@ Not applicable
        @@@ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor  
      VV Overseas visitor
        VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:

    • One digit: 9
    • Two digit: 17
    • Three digit: 25

    Not applicable (@@@) comprises:

    • Persons who have a qualification that is out of scope of this classification
    • Persons with no qualification
    • Persons still studying for a first qualification
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Person's highest year of school completed Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relation to the question on: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information Person's completed qualification No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?

    What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information Field of study

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the main field of study for the person’s highest qualification completed?
    What is the main field of study for Person 1's highest qualification completed? For example: Plumbing, Primary school teaching, Accounting, Hairdressing, Psychology, Hospitality. More information The main field of study is in relation to the highest qualification entered in the previous question. If the person has two or more qualifications and they are at the same level, provide the field of the one obtained most recently. If the person has two qualifications of the same level, completed at the same time (for example, double degrees), select the qualification considered the most important to them.

    Did the person complete this qualification before 1998?

    Did the person complete this qualification before 1998?
    Did Person 1 complete this qualification before 1998? When person completed qualification Yes, before 1998 No, 1998 or later

    How this variable is created

    This variable is mainly coded based on written responses for qualification level and qualification field questions. The following questions may also be used:

    • Highest year of primary or secondary school completed
    • Qualification indicator (question asking whether a person has completed any educational qualification)
    • Whether the qualification was completed before 1998 

    History and changes

    A question relating to level of education was first asked in the 1911 Census and has been asked in every Census since then. In many Censuses, school and non-school qualification were not necessarily separate questions.

    In 2001, the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED) replaced the ABS Classification of Qualifications (ABSCQ).

    In the 2006 Census, the year completed question was reworded to ask if the qualification was obtained before 1998 or from 1998 onward, with 1998 being the year the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) was introduced. The distinction between certificates awarded pre-1998 and from 1998 onward is also used to assist in coding some certificates to finer levels of the ASCED classification.

    In 2021, a new qualification called Undergraduate certificates will be coded to ‘420 Diploma Level, nfd’.

    Data use considerations

    When using this variable, the directly applicable population (i.e. those who answered 'Yes' to the Qualifications indicator question) is not identifiable in the output data set. This is because those who answered 'Yes, other qualification' to the Qualifications indicator question, and then subsequently did not provide a response to the question on level of highest qualification, are coded to 'not stated' in this variable. Therefore, this variable cannot be used as a count of people who hold a qualification.

    The non-response rate for Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP) was 12.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 16.0% in 2016.

    A large component of non-response for this variable is due to people not answering the Qualification Indicator question and the Non-school qualification: level of education questions. People may have: 

    • not seen the question relevant to themselves, and did not respond 
    • been imputed into occupied dwellings where no form had been returned.

    It may not be appropriate to consider these groups of non-respondents when calculating non-response for the directly applicable population.

    When Non-school qualification: level of education (QALLP) is analysed in conjunction with a 'Yes' response to the Qualifications Indicator question, the non-response rate was 2.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 2.8% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Non-school qualification: field of study (QALFP)
    • Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)
    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Attainment of year 12 or certificate II or higher (YR12C2P)
    • Attainment of year 12 or certificate III or higher (YR12C3P)
    • Attainment of certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification (C3SP)
    • With or working towards a non-school qualification (WTNSQP)
    • Or equivalent level of education

    Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the full-time or part-time status of students.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Not attending
    2 Full-time student
    3 Part-time student
    4 Institution (TYPP) stated, full-time/part-time status (STUP) not stated
    & Both not stated - both institution (TYPP) and full-time/part-time status (STUP) not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 6

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is collected from a mark box response to the Full-time/part-time student status question on the Census form. Respondents are asked to mark only one response. In cases where respondents mark more than one response, they are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra responses are rejected.

    History and changes

    A question on current type of attendance at school or other educational institution has been asked since 1976. The categories for Full-time/part-time student status (STUP) were revised for 2011.

    For 2021, minor changes were made to the question wording and instructional text to improve clarity. In addition, to emphasise that respondents should include attendance at preschool, the question wording in the online form has changed for people in the household aged six and under. The question asks ‘Is the person attending a preschool, school or other education institution?’.

    For 2021, a question instruction was added to the online form to provide guidance to people in COVID-19 affected areas on Census day.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Full-time/part-time student status (STUP) was 5.6% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.8% in 2016.

    The non-response rates for this variable include 0.1% of respondents (0.2% in 2016) who did not indicate whether they were students at the Full-time/part-time student status question (question 29 on the Census Household form) but went on to state the type of educational institution attended at the next question, Type of of educational institution attending (TYPP)

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)
    • Educational institution: attendee status (TYSTAP)
    • Engagement in employment, education and training (EETP)

    Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)

    Definition

    This variable records the type of education institution being attended by people who are full-time or part-time students. The category covers preschool through to tertiary institutions. Information on whether a person is attending an education institution is essential for education and labour market planning. It is also used to identify dependent children in family coding.

    Scope

    Persons attending an education institution

    Categories

    Code Category
    10 Preschool
    21 Primary - Government
    22 Primary - Catholic
    23 Primary - other non-Government
    29 Primary – not further defined
    31 Secondary - Government
    32 Secondary - Catholic
    33 Secondary - other non-Government
    39 Secondary – not further defined
    41 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers)
    42 Tertiary – university or other higher education
    49 Tertiary – not further defined
    60 Other
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 16

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Persons not attending an education institution

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    On the online form the type of education institution attending question is split into two parts. When a respondent selects either 'Primary', 'Secondary' or 'Tertiary institution' they are presented with a second question to described the education institution in more detail. 

    What type of education institution is the person attending?

    What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Person's type of education institution Preschool Primary school Secondary school Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers) Other education institution

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Select 'Preschool' for a child who attends an early childhood education program. This may be conducted in conjunction with a centre based day care provider. Preschool is a structured, play based learning program, primarily aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. For students attending a combined primary and secondary school (e.g. K-12 school), report the level of schooling based on the year level they are currently attending. For a person currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, select the type of education institution the person usually attends or is enrolled in.

    Question when respondents select 'Primary school'

    Type of educational institution attending example - Primary school, response selected
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information Person's primary school type Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Primary school

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending? Primary school response selected
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Secondary school'

    Type of educational institution attending example - Secondary school response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information Person's secondary school type Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Secondary school

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending? Secondary response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Tertiary institution'

    Type of educational institution attending example - Tertiary response selected
    What type of tertiary education institution is Person 1 attending? Person's tertiary institution type Vocational education and training (including TAFE and private training providers) University or other higher education

    How this variable is created

    This variable is collected from mark box responses to the Type of education institution question on the Census form. Respondents are asked to mark only one response. In cases where respondents mark more than one response, they are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra responses are rejected.

    History and changes

    Questions relating to current education institution were first asked in the 1911 Census and have been asked at most censuses since then, though the amount of detail asked has varied.

    In 2021, output categories have been changed to reflect the question wording changes:

    • 'Infants' has been removed from the Primary categories
    • 'Technical or Further Educational Institution (including TAFE Colleges)' has been changed to 'Tertiary - Vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers)'
    • 'University or other Tertiary Institution' has been changed to 'Tertiary - University or other higher education'

    Primary, secondary and tertiary not further defined fields have been added (categories 29, 39, 49) as this question is in two parts on the online form. The not further defined fields will get populated when a person only answers if they are attending an institution but does not specify the type, e.g. Catholic.

    To further emphasise attendance at preschool, the question relating to attendance at a school or an education institution has changed on the online form. For people in the household aged six and under, the question asks, ‘Is the person attending a preschool, school or other education institution?’.

    For 2021, a question instruction was added to the online form to provide guidance to people in COVID-19 affected areas on Census day. Additional instructions were also added to the Census website – see Data use considerations for more details.

    Data use considerations

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of COVID-19 lockdowns on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of students being educated from home. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'If you or your child are currently learning from home due to COVID restrictions, please answer the questions reflecting the school or other educational institution you or your child would normally attend.'

    Preschool

    Users of the data on preschool attendance should be aware that some children who are in childcare may be included in the preschool figures. This has been identified as a problem with interpretation of categories by respondents. See the History and changes section for new instructions for 2021 to help resolve this misunderstanding.

    The non-response rate for Type of educational institution attending (TYPP) was 0.8% in 2021. This is a decrease from 2.7% in 2016. This rate is lower than most Census variables as it is only applicable to persons who answered they are a student to the previous question (Full-Time/Part-Time Student Status).

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)
    • Educational institution: attendee status (TYSTAP)
    • Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification (C3SP)
    • People with or working towards a non-school qualification (WTNSQP)
    • Derivation
    • Imputation

    Educational institution: attendee status (TYSTAP)

    Definition

    This variable combines responses from Type of educational institution attending (TYPP), Full-time/part-time student status (STUP) and Age (AGEP) to indicate a person's attendee status at an education institution. We use this information to understand the education levels of the future workforce of Australia and whether people are taking part in employment, education, or training.

    Scope

    Persons attending an education institution

    Categories

    Code Category
    10 Preschool
    21 Primary - Government
    22 Primary - Catholic
    23 Primary - other non-Government
    29 Primary - not further defined
    31 Secondary - Government
    32 Secondary - Catholic
    33 Secondary - other non-Government
    39 Secondary - not further defined
    41 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers): full-time student: aged 15-24 years
    42 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers): full-time student: aged 25 years and over
    43 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers): part-time student: aged 15-24 years
    44 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers): part-time student: aged 25 years and over
    45 Tertiary - vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers): full-time/part-time student status not stated
    51 Tertiary - university or other higher education: full-time student: aged 15-24 years
    52 Tertiary - university or other higher education: full-time student: aged 25 years and over
    53 Tertiary - university or other higher education: part-time student: aged 15-24 years
    54 Tertiary - university or other higher education: part-time student: aged 25 years and over
    55 Tertiary - university or other higher education: full-time/part-time student status not stated
    61 Tertiary - not further defined:  full-time student: aged 15-24 years
    62 Tertiary - not further defined:  full-time student:  aged 25 years and over
    63 Tertiary - not further defined: part-time student: aged 15-24 years
    64 Tertiary - not further defined: part-time student: aged 25 years and over
    65 Tertiary - not further defined: full-time/part-time student status not stated
    71 Other: full-time student
    72 Other: part-time student
    73 Other: full-time/part-time student status not stated
    && Type of educational institution not stated
    @@ Type of educational institution not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 30

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Persons not attending an education institution

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Educational institution: attendee status example - Don't know date of birth response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Educational institution: attendee status example -01 January 2000 response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    Example

    Educational institution attendee status example - 'no' response selected
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No (selected response) Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student Type of Education Institution This question does not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    What type of education institution is the person attending?

    On the online form the type of education institution attending question is split into two parts. When a respondent selects either 'Primary', 'Secondary' or 'Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers)' they are presented with a second question to describe the type of education institution in more detail. 

    What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Person's type of education institution Preschool Primary school Secondary school Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers) Other education institution

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Select 'Preschool' for a child who attends an early childhood education program. This may be conducted in conjunction with a centre based day care provider. Preschool is a structured, play based learning program, primarily aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. For students attending a combined primary and secondary school (e.g. K-12 school), report the level of schooling based on the year level they are currently attending. For a person currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, select the type of education institution the person usually attends or is enrolled in.

    Question when respondents select 'Primary school'

    Educational institution: attendee status example - Primary school response selected
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information Person's primary school type Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Primary school

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending? Primary school response
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Secondary school'

    Educational institution: attendee status example - Secondary school response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information Person's secondary school type Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Secondary school

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending? Secondary school response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Tertiary institution'

    Educational institution: attendee status example - Tertiary response selected
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Person's type of education institution Preschool Primary school Secondary school Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers) (selected response) Other education institution What type of tertiary education institution is Person 1 attending? Person's tertiary institution type Vocational education and training (including TAFE and private training providers) University or other higher education

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived using responses captured from the questions for Type of education institution attending, Full-time/part-time student status and the Age indicated on the Census form.

    History and changes

    Education institution: attendee status (TYSTAP) was first created for the 2011 Census. 

    In 2021 the following changes occurred:

    • Code numbers have been updated to align better with the TYPP variable.
    • Category names have been updated to reflect changes to the question wording (See TYPP).

    Also for 2021, primary, secondary and tertiary not further defined fields have been added (categories 29, 39, 61-65) as this question is in two parts on the online form. The not further defined fields will get populated when a person only answers if they are attending an institution but does not specify the type, e.g. Secondary - Catholic.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Age (AGEP)
    • Full-time/part-time student status (STUP)
    • Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)

    Health

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    CALTHD Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
    CCLTHD Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
    CLTHP Count of selected long-term health conditions June 2022 New
    COARASP Whether has arthritis and asthma June 2022 New
    COARDBP Whether has arthritis and diabetes June 2022 New
    COARHDP Whether has arthritis and heart disease June 2022 New
    COARMHP Whether has arthritis and mental health condition June 2022 New
    COASHDP Whether has asthma and heart disease June 2022 New
    COASLCP Whether has asthma and lung condition June 2022 New
    COCNHDP Whether has cancer and heart disease June 2022 New
    CODBHDP Whether has diabetes and heart disease June 2022 New
    CODBKDP Whether has diabetes and kidney disease June 2022 New
    COHDKDP Whether has heart disease and kidney disease June 2022 New
    COHDMHP Whether has heart disease and mental health condition June 2022 New
    COLCMHP Whether has lung condition and mental health condition June 2022 New
    CPLTHD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household June 2022 New
    CPLTHRD Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) June 2022 New
    HARTP Whether has arthritis June 2022 New
    HASTP Whether has asthma June 2022 New
    HCANP Whether has cancer (including remission) June 2022 New
    HDEMP Whether has dementia (including Alzheimer's) June 2022 New
    HDIAP Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) June 2022 New
    HHEDP Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) June 2022 New
    HKIDP Whether has kidney disease June 2022 New
    HLTHP Whether has one or more long-term health condition(s) June 2022 New
    HLUNP Whether has lung condition (including COPD and emphysema) June 2022 New
    HMHCP Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) June 2022 New
    HOLHP Whether has other long-term health condition(s) June 2022 New
    HSTRP Whether has had a stroke June 2022 New
    LTHP Type of long-term health condition June 2022 New

    Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CALTHD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of adults aged 15 years and over in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions. Selected long-term health conditions include:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ are excluded from the count.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No adults reported a selected long-term health condition
    1 One adult reported a selected long-term health condition
    2 Two adults reported a selected long-term health condition
    3 Three adults reported a selected long-term health condition
    4 Four adults reported a selected long-term health condition
    5 Five or more adults reported a selected long-term health condition
    6 Some adults in household had not stated long-term health condition
    & All adults in household not stated
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Example

    Example response to date of birth question: Don't know date of birth response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and the Age (AGEP) variable. It counts the number of people aged 15 years and over in a household who have marked one of the following long-term health conditions:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer's)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    If all people aged 15 years or over in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to ‘Not stated’.

    If some people aged 15 years or over in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to category 6, ‘Some adults in household had not stated long-term health condition’.

    If a person marks only ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’, they are not counted as having a long-term health condition in this variable. These people are counted in category 0 'No adults reported a selected long-term health condition'.

    Visitor only households and other non-classifiable households are excluded. People away from the dwelling on Census Night are excluded from this variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CALTHD) should be used carefully when comparing to other health data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. Relevant definitions and response categories can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. For more information, see Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. The proportion of dwellings where either all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, or some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, was 6.3%.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CCLTHD)
    • Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CPLTHD)
    • Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) (CPLTHRD)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Long-term health condition(s)

    Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CCLTHD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of children under 15 years in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions. Selected long-term health conditions include:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ are excluded from the count.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings with children

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No children reported a selected long-term health condition
    1 One child reported a selected long-term health condition
    2 Two children reported a selected long-term health condition
    3 Three children reported a selected long-term health condition
    4 Four children reported a selected long-term health condition
    5 Five or more children reported a selected long-term health condition
    6 Some children in household had a not stated long-term health condition
    & All children in household not stated
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Lone person households
    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • One family household: Couple family with no children
    • Two family household: Couple family with no children
    • Three or more family household: Couple family with no children
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Example

    Example response to question above: Don't know date of birth response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and the Age (AGEP) variable. It counts the number of people aged under 15 years in a household who have marked one of the following long-term health conditions:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    If all people under 15 years in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to ‘Not stated’.

    If some people aged under 15 years in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to category 6, ‘Some children in household had not stated long-term health condition’

    If a person marks only ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’, they are not counted as having a long-term health condition in this variable. These people are counted in category 0 'No children reported a selected long-term health condition'.

    Visitor only households, other non-classifiable households and lone person households are excluded. People away from the dwelling on Census Night are excluded from this variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CCLTHD) should be used carefully when comparing to other health data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. Relevant definitions and response categories can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. For more information, see Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. The proportion of dwellings where either all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, or some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, was 5.6%.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health conditions in household (CALTHD)
    • Count of persons with selected long-term health conditions in household (CPLTHD)
    • Count of persons with selected long-term health conditions in household (ranges) (CPLTHRD)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Long-term health condition(s)

    Count of selected long-term health conditions (CLTHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the number of selected long-term health conditions a person has reported. The selected long-term health conditions include:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ are excluded from the count.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 None of the selected conditions
    1 One condition
    2 Two conditions
    3 Three or more conditions
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 6 

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the Long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of selected long-term conditions a person reports.

    If a person marks only ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ on the Census form, they are not counted as having a long-term health condition in this variable. These people are counted in category 0, 'None of the Selected Conditions'. However, if a person selects, for example, ‘Asthma’ and ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ on the Census form, they would be included in category 1, ‘One condition’.

    People who report over three conditions are grouped together in category 3, ‘Three or more conditions’.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The count of selected long-term health condition responses, including no conditions, are not comparable to similar counts derived from other health collections such as the National Health Survey (NHS) and National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS). Different sets of selected health conditions questions are asked in these other collections. For more information, see Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources.

    The non-response rate for Count of long-term health conditions (CLTHP) was 8.1% in 2021. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Whether has arthritis and asthma (COARASP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both arthritis and asthma.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has arthritis and asthma
    2 Does not have arthritis and asthma
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Arthritis’ and ‘Asthma’ they are coded to '1 Has arthritis and asthma’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to '2 Does not have arthritis and asthma’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of long-term health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NATSIHS).

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has arthritis (HARTP)
    • Whether has asthma (HASTP)

    Whether has arthritis and diabetes (COARDBP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both arthritis and diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has arthritis and diabetes
    2 Does not have arthritis and diabetes
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Arthritis’ and ‘Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)’ they are coded to category 1 'Has arthritis and diabetes’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to category 2 'Does not have arthritis and diabetes’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has arthritis (HARTP)
    • Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) (HDIAP)

    Whether has arthritis and heart disease (COARHDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both arthritis and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has arthritis and heart disease
    2 Does not have arthritis and heart disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    When a respondent selects ‘Arthritis’ and ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has arthritis and heart disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have arthritis and heart disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has arthritis (HARTP)
    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack and angina) (HHEDP)

    Whether has arthritis and mental health condition (COARMHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both arthritis and a mental health condition (including depression and anxiety).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has arthritis and mental health condition
    2 Does not have arthritis and mental health condition
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Arthritis’ and ‘Mental health condition (including depression and anxiety)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has arthritis and mental health condition’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have arthritis and mental health condition’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has arthritis (HARTP)
    • Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) (HMHCP)

    Whether has asthma and heart disease (COASHDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both asthma and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has asthma and heart disease
    2 Does not have asthma and heart disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Asthma’ and ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has asthma and heart disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have asthma and heart disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has asthma (HASTP)
    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)

    Whether has asthma and lung condition (COASLCP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both asthma and a lung condition (including COPD or emphysema).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has asthma and lung condition
    2 Does not have asthma and lung condition
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Asthma’ and ‘Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has asthma and lung condition’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have asthma and lung condition’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has asthma (HASTP)
    • Whether has lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) (HLUNP)

    Whether has cancer and heart disease (COCNHDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both cancer (including remission) and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has cancer and heart disease
    2 Does not have cancer and heart disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

     Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Cancer (including remission)’ and ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has cancer and heart disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have cancer and heart disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has cancer (including remission) (HCANP)
    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)

    Whether has diabetes and heart disease (CODBHDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) and heart disease (including heart attack or angina).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has diabetes and heart disease
    2 Does not have diabetes and heart disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)’ and ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has diabetes and heart disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have diabetes and heart disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) (HDIAP)
    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)

    Whether has diabetes and kidney disease (CODBKDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) and kidney disease.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has diabetes and kidney disease
    2 Does not have diabetes and kidney disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)’ and ‘Kidney disease’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has diabetes and kidney disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have diabetes and kidney disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination of long-term health conditions, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) (HDIAP)
    • Whether has kidney disease (HKIDP)

    Whether has heart disease and kidney disease (COHDKDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both heart disease (including heart attack or angina) and kidney disease.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has heart disease and kidney disease
    2 Does not have heart disease and kidney disease
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ and ‘Kidney disease’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has heart disease and kidney disease’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have heart disease and kidney disease’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)
    • Whether has kidney disease (HKIDP)

    Whether has heart disease and mental health condition (COHDMHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both heart disease (including heart attack or angina) and a mental health condition (including depression and anxiety).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has heart disease and mental health condition
    2 Does not have heart disease and mental health condition
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ and ‘Mental health condition (including depression and anxiety) they are coded to 1 ‘Has heart disease and mental health condition’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have heart disease and mental health condition’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)
    • Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) (HMHCP)

    Whether has lung condition and mental health condition (COLCMHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has reported having both a lung condition (including COPD and emphysema) and a mental health condition (including depression and anxiety).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Has lung condition and mental health condition
    2 Does not have lung condition and mental health condition
    & Not stated
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question and aims to capture people who have specific combinations of health conditions (known as comorbidity).

    Where a respondent selects ‘Lung condition (including COPD and emphysema)’ and ‘Mental health condition (including depression and anxiety)’ they are coded to 1 ‘Has lung condition and mental health condition’. The respondent could also have other long-term health conditions, but those conditions are not recorded in this variable. All other combinations of responses, including ‘No long-term health condition’ are coded to 2 ‘Does not have lung condition and mental health condition’.

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If a person has more than one specified combination, they will be captured in more than one comorbidity health variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Whether has lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) (HLUNP)
    • Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) (HMHCP)

    Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CPLTHD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of people in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions. Selected long-term health conditions include:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke.

    ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ are excluded from the count. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    00 No persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    01 One person in household reported a long-term health condition
    02 Two persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    03 Three persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    04 Four persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    05 Five persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    06 Six persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    07 Seven persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    08 Eight persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    09 Nine persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    10 Ten or more persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    11 Some persons in household had not stated a long-term health condition
    && All persons in household not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 14

    Not applicable (@@) comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people in a household who have marked one of the following long-term health conditions:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke.

    If all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to ‘All persons in household not stated’.

    If some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to category 11, ‘Some persons in household had not stated a long-term health condition’.

    If a person marks only ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’, they are not counted as having a long-term health condition in this variable. These people are counted in category 00 'No persons in the household have a long-term health condition'.

    Visitor only households and Other non-classifiable households are excluded. Persons temporarily absent are excluded from this variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021. 

    Data use considerations

    Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CPLTHD) should be used carefully when comparing to other health data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. Relevant definitions and response categories can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. For more information, see Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. The proportion of dwellings where either all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, or some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, was 7.3%.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) (CPLTHRD)
    • Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health conditions in household (CALTHD)
    • Count of children with selected long-term health conditions in household (CCLTHD)
    • Long-term health condition(s)

    Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) (CPLTHRD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of people in a household who reported they had at least one of the selected long-term health conditions in ranges. Selected long-term health conditions include:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke.

    ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’ are excluded from the count.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    1 One person in household reported a long-term health condition
    2 Two persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    3 Three persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    4 Four persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    5 Five or more persons in household reported a long-term health condition
    6 Some persons in household had not stated a long-term health condition
    & All persons in household not stated
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people in a household who have marked one of the following long-term health conditions:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke.

    If all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to ‘All persons in household not stated’.

    If some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, this variable is set to category 6, ‘Some persons in household had not stated a long-term health condition’.

    If a person marks only ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’, they are not counted as having a long-term health condition in this variable. These people are counted in category 0 'No persons in household reported a long-term health condition'.

    Visitor only households and Other non-classifiable households are excluded. Persons temporarily absent are excluded from this variable.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021. 

    Data use considerations

    Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (ranges) (CPLTHRD) should be used carefully when comparing to other health data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. Relevant definitions and response categories can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. For more information, see Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    The proportion of dwellings where either all people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, or some people in the household did not answer the long-term health conditions question, was 7.3%.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of persons with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CPLTHD)
    • Count of adults (15 years and over) with selected long-term health conditions in household (CALTHD)
    • Count of children with selected long-term health conditions in household (CCLTHD)
    • Long-term health condition(s)

    Whether has arthritis (HARTP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person reported that they have arthritis.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    011 Has arthritis
    012 Does not have arthritis
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Arthritis’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The question does not distinguish between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis therefore this variable will include respondents reporting both forms of arthritis.

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has arthritis and asthma (COARASP)
    • Whether has arthritis and diabetes (COARDBP)
    • Whether has arthritis and heart disease (COARHDP)

    Whether has asthma (HASTP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have asthma. This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    021 Has asthma
    022 Does not have asthma
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Asthma’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has arthritis and asthma (COARASP)
    • Whether has asthma and heart disease (COASHDP)

    Whether has cancer (including remission) (HCANP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have cancer. This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    031 Has cancer (including remission)
    032 Does not have cancer (including remission)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Cancer (including remission)’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    Respondents may have reported both malignant and benign neoplasms (cancers) in response to this question.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has cancer and heart disease (COCNHDP)

    Whether has dementia (including Alzheimer's) (HDEMP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have dementia (including Alzheimer’s). This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    041 Has dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    042 Does not have dementia (including Alzheimer's)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Dementia (including Alzheimer’s)’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)

    Whether has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) (HDIAP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes). This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    051 Has diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    052 Does not have diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The Census Health question does not distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this variable will include respondents reporting both forms of diabetes.

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has arthritis and diabetes (COARDBP)
    • Whether has diabetes and heart disease (CODBHDP)
    • Whether has diabetes and kidney disease (CODBKDP)

    Whether has heart disease (including heart attack or angina) (HHEDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have heart disease (including heart attack or angina). This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    061 Has heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    062 Does not have heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)’ on the Census form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has arthritis and heart disease (COARHDP)
    • Whether has asthma and heart disease (COASHDP)
    • Whether has cancer and heart disease (COCNHDP)
    • Whether has diabetes and heart disease (CODBHDP)

    Whether has kidney disease (HKIDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have kidney disease. This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    071 Has kidney disease
    072 Does not have kidney disease
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Kidney disease’ on the Census form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has diabetes and kidney disease (CODBKDP)
    • Whether has heart disease and kidney disease (COHDKDP)

    Whether has one or more long-term health condition(s) (HLTHP)

    Definition

    This variable identifies the population who has at least one long-term health condition (including any other long-term health conditions) and the population who reported they did not have a long-term health condition.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    121 Does not have a long-term health condition
    122 Has one or more long-term health condition(s)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked that they have one or more long-term health conditions (including ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’). It also counts the number of people who marked ‘No long-term health condition’.

    For a count of the number of selected long-term health conditions a person has, refer to Count of selected long-term health conditions (CLTHP).

    History and changes

    This is a new question for the 2021 Census.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Whether has lung condition (including COPD and emphysema) (HLUNP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have a lung condition (including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) or emphysema). This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    081 Has a lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    082 Does not have a lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has asthma and lung condition (COASLCP)
    • Whether has lung condition and mental health condition (COLCMHP)

    Whether has mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) (HMHCP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety). This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    091 Has a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    092 Does not have a mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)
    • Whether has heart disease and mental health condition (COHDMHP)
    • Whether has lung condition and mental health condition (COLCMHP)

    Whether has other long-term health condition(s) (HOLHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have a long-term health condition that is not:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease 
    • lung conditions (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health conditions (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke

    This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons 

    Categories

    Code Category
    111 Has one or more other long-term health conditions
    112 Does not have any other long-term health conditions
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Any other long-term health condition(s)’.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use consideration

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)

    Whether has had a stroke (HSTRP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person has been told by a doctor or nurse that they have had a stroke. This variable does not indicate whether a person has multiple long-term health conditions.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    101 Has had a stroke
    102 Has not had a stroke
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the long-term health conditions question. It counts the number of people who marked ‘Stroke’ on the form.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Long-term health conditions data from the Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the National Health Survey (NHS) or National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the Health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Long term health condition (LTHP)

    Type of long-term health condition (LTHP)

    Definition

    This variable records the type of selected long-term health condition(s) a person has reported. Respondents can record multiple long-term health conditions including:

    • arthritis
    • asthma
    • cancer (including remission)
    • dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    • diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    • heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    • kidney disease
    • lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    • mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    • stroke
    • any other long-term health condition(s)

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    011 Arthritis
    021 Asthma
    031 Cancer (including remission)
    041 Dementia (including Alzheimer’s)
    051 Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes)
    061 Heart disease (including heart attack or angina)
    071 Kidney disease
    081 Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema)
    091 Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety)
    101 Stroke
    111 Any other long-term health condition(s)
    121 No long-term health condition(s)
    &&& Not stated
    VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 14

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?

    Has the person been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions?
    Has Person 1 been told by a doctor or nurse that they have any of these long-term health conditions? Include health conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more. Include health conditions that: • may recur from time to time, or • are controlled by medication, or • are in remission. Select all that apply. Person's long-term health conditions Arthritis Asthma Cancer (including remission) Dementia (including Alzheimer's) Diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) Heart disease (including heart attack or angina) Kidney disease Lung condition (including COPD or emphysema) Mental health condition (including depression or anxiety) Stroke Any other long-term health condition(s) No long-term health condition

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is derived from the long-term health conditions question. If the respondent marks ‘No long-term health condition’ and also marks other fields, the ‘No long-term health condition’ response is ignored. 

    As respondents can select multiple conditions, the count of components for this variable will not equal the total number of people.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The rationale for including the long-term health conditions topic in the 2021 Census was to: 

    • allow for cross-classification with other Census topics 
    • enable output for sub-populations (e.g. culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations) 
    • enable data outputs at finer geographies than what can be achieved through existing health collections.

    Long-term health condition information collected in the 2021 Census will not have the same level of detail as the larger health collections such as the National Health Survey (NHS) and National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys (NATSIHS). Long-term health conditions data from Census is not intended to provide prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates of chronic health conditions should be sourced from the NHS or NATSIHS.

    As Type of long-term health condition allows for multiple responses, proportions of people with a particular condition should be derived using the total population in the denominator for the relevant aggregation, and not the sum of all conditions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. For the item non-response rate for the health question, see CLTHP.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Household and families

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    CACF Count of all children in family June 2022
    CDCAF Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent June 2022
    CDCF Count of dependent children in family June 2022
    CDCUF Count of dependent children under 15 in family June 2022 New
    CDSAF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent June 2022
    CDSF Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family June 2022 New
    CNDAF Count of non-dependent children temporarily absent June 2022
    CNDCF Count of non-dependent children in family June 2022
    CPAD Count of persons temporarily absent from household June 2022
    CPAF Count of persons temporarily absent from family June 2022
    CPRF Count of persons in family June 2022
    CTGP Child type (including grandchildren) June 2022
    CTPP Child type June 2022
    FBLF Family blending June 2022
    FMCF Family composition June 2022
    FMGF Grandparent families June 2022
    FNOF Family number June 2022
    FPIP Parent indicator June 2022 New
    FRLF Relationship between families June 2022
    HCFMD Family household composition (dwelling) June 2022
    HCFMF Family household composition (family) June 2022
    HHCD Household composition June 2022
    IFMSTP Imputation flag for registered marital status June 2022
    IFNMFD Imputation flag for number of males and females in dwelling June 2022
    MDCP Social marital status June 2022
    MSTP Registered marital status June 2022
    NPRD Number of persons usually resident in dwelling June 2022
    RLCP Relationship as reported for couples June 2022
    RLGP Relationship in household (including grandchildren) June 2022
    RLHP Relationship in household June 2022
    RPIP Family/household reference person indicator June 2022
    SLPP Sex of lone parent June 2022
    SPIP Spouse/partner indicator June 2022 New
    SPLF Location of spouse June 2022
    SSCF Same-sex couple indicator June 2022

    Count of all children in family (CACF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent and non-dependent children in the family. It includes up to three children who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night.

    Scope

    Families with children in family households

    Categories

    Code  Category
    1 One child in family
    2 Two children in family
    3 Three children in family
    4 Four children in family
    5 Five children in family
    6 Six or more children in family
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Couples in families with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is Person 1's date of birth?

    What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of all children in family example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from the relationship in household, age, attendance at an educational institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form.

    Children present in the household are counted if they are part of the family and are classified as one of the following Relationship in household (RLHP) categories:

    • children under 15 (categories 31-36)
    • dependent student (categories 41-43)
    • non-dependent child (categories 51-53)

    Children who are absent from the household on Census Night are counted from responses to the PTA questions. The responses are first categorised based on age and student status and then counted in this variable. The three temporarily absent child variables are:

    • Count of dependent children under 15 temporarily absent (CDCAF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Count of non-dependent children temporarily absent (CNDAF)

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent children under 15 in family (CDCUF)
    • Count of dependent children in family (CDCF)   
    • Count of dependent students in family (15 – 24 years) (CDSF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family (CNDCF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Child
    • Family

    Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent children aged under 15 years that were reported as temporarily absent from the family.

    Scope

    Families which include children aged under 15 years

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No dependent children under 15 years temporarily absent
    1 One dependent child under 15 years temporarily absent
    2 Two dependent children under 15 years temporarily absent
    3 Three dependent children under 15 years temporarily absent
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Couple families with no children under 15 years, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with no children under 15 years, and with dependent students and non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with no children under 15 years, and with dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with no children under 15 years, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    •	Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. 1 person away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form to count the number of children under 15 who were absent from the family on Census Night. Dependent children under 15 are classified if they form a parent child relationship and are 0-14 years of age.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1996. Prior to 2016, information on dependent children was available in a variable called Dependent offspring present (CDPF). This was a single count of dependent children Temporarily absent.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Count of dependent children in family (CDCF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent children in the family. A dependent child is a person who is either a child under 15 years of age, or a dependent student aged 15-24 years. It includes up to three dependent children who were temporarily absent from the dwelling on Census Night.

    Scope

    Families with children in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    Couple family with:
    00 No dependent children
    01 One dependent child
    02 Two dependent children
    03 Three dependent children
    04 Four dependent children
    05 Five dependent children
    06 Six or more dependent children
    One parent family with:
    07 No dependent children
    08 One dependent child
    09 Two dependent children
    10 Three dependent children
    11 Four dependent children
    12 Five dependent children
    13 Six or more dependent children
    Not applicable:
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 15

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Couple families with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is Person 1's date of birth?

    What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Example response relating to the question: •	Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from responses to relationship in household, age, attendance at an educational institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. 

    It counts the number of dependent children in couple families and one parent families.

    The Family composition (FMCF) variable is used to determine whether the family is a couple family or a one parent family. 

    Dependent children present in the household are counted if they are part of the family and are classified as one of the following Relationship in household (RLHP) categories:

    • children under 15 (categories 31-36)
    • dependent student (categories 41-43)

    Dependent children who are temporarily absent from the household on Census Night are counted from the following variables:

    • Count of dependent children under 15 temporarily absent (CDCAF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF)

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of non-dependent children in family (CNCDF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Child

    Count of dependent children under 15 in family (CDCUF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent children aged under 15 years in a family. It includes up to three dependent children aged under 15 years who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night.

    Scope

    Families which include dependent children aged under 15 years in household

    Categories

    Code Category
    Couple family with:
    00 No dependent children under 15 years
    01 One dependent child under 15 years
    02 Two dependent children under 15 years
    03 Three dependent children under 15 years
    04 Four dependent children under 15 years
    05 Five dependent children under 15 years
    06 Six or more dependent children under 15 years
    One parent family with:
    07 No dependent children under 15 years
    08 One dependent child under 15 years
    09 Two dependent children under 15 years
    10 Three dependent children under 15 years
    11 Four dependent children under 15 years
    12 Five dependent children under 15 years
    13 Six or more dependent children under 15 years
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 15

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Couple family with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Example response to the question: List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Person 4 added to the list.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the Relationship in household question and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. It counts the number of dependent children in couple families and one parent families using the following variables:

    • Family composition (FMCF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Count of dependent children under 15 years in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)

    History and Changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)   
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Child

    Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent (CDSAF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent students aged 15-24 years that were reported as temporarily absent in a family. It includes up to three dependent students who were temporarily absent from the dwelling on Census Night.

    Scope

    Families which include dependent students aged 15-24 years

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent
    1 One dependent student (15-24 years) temporarily absent
    2 Two dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent
    3 Three dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Couple families with no children under 15 years, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with children under 15 years, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with children under 15 years, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with no children under 15 years, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family temporarily absent example - Person 4 surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. Dependent students (15-24 years) are classified if they are 15-24 years of age and a full-time student.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1996. Prior to 2016, information on dependent children was available in the Dependent offspring present (CDPF) variable. This was a single count of dependent children temporarily absent.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family (CDSF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of dependent students aged 15-24 years in a family. It includes up to three dependent students aged 15-24 years who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night. 

    Scope

    Families which include dependent students aged 15-24 years

    Categories

    Code Category
    Couple family with:
    00 No dependent students (15-24 years)
    01 One dependent student (15-24 years)
    02 Two dependent students (15-24 years)
    03 Three dependent students (15-24 years)
    04 Four dependent students (15-24 years)
    05 Five dependent students (15-24 years)
    06 Six or more dependent students (15-24 years)
    One parent family with:
    07 No dependent students (15-24 years)
    08 One dependent student (15-24 years)
    09 Two dependent students (15-24 years)
    10 Three dependent students (15-24 years)
    11 Four dependent students (15-24 years)
    12 Five dependent students (15-24 years)
    13 Six or more dependent students (15-24 years)
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 15

    • Not applicable (@@) category comprises:
    • Couple family with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is Person 1's date of birth?

    What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of dependent students (15-24 years) in family example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from responses to relationship in household, age, attendance at a educational institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. 

    It counts the number of dependent students (15-24 years) in couple families and one parent families.

    The Family composition (FMCF) variable is used to determine whether the family is a couple family or a one parent family. 

    Dependent  students present in the household are counted if they are part of the family and are classified as one of the following Relationship in household (RLHP) categories:

    • 41 Natural or adopted dependent student
    • 42 Student step child
    • 43 Student foster child

    Up to three dependent students (15-24 years) who are temporarily absent from the household on Census Night can be counted in the Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF) variable.

    History and changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent students (15 – 24 years) in family temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Child

    Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent (CNDAF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of non-dependent children reported as temporarily absent from the family on Census Night. A maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling.

    A non-dependent child refers to a natural, adopted, step or foster child of a couple or lone parent usually resident in the household. They are aged 15 years and over and not a full-time student aged 15-24 years. They also have no identified partner or child of their own usually resident in the household.

    Scope

    Families which include non-dependent children

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No non-dependent children temporarily absent
    1 One non-dependent child temporarily absent
    2 Two non-dependent children temporarily absent
    3 Three non-dependent children temporarily absent
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Couple families with no children under 15 years, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with children under 15 years, dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with children under 15 years, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • One parent or couple families with no children under 15 years, and with dependent students and no non-dependent children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. Non-dependent children are classified if they are:

    • children who are 15-24 years of age who are not full-time students
    • children aged 25 years and over

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1996. It replaced a variable called Other offspring temporarily absent (COAF).

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Count of non-dependent children in family (CNDCF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of non-dependent children in the family. It includes up to three non-dependent children who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night.

    A non-dependent child refers to a natural, adopted, step or foster child of a couple or lone parent usually resident in the household. They are aged 15 years and over and not a full-time student aged 15-24 years. They also have no identified partner or child of their own usually resident in the household.

    Scope

    Families with children in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    Couple family with:
    00 No non-dependent children
    01 One non-dependent child
    02 Two non-dependent children
    03 Three non-dependent children
    04 Four non-dependent children
    05 Five non-dependent children
    06 Six or more non-dependent children
    One parent family with:
    07 No non-dependent children
    08 One non-dependent child
    09 Two non-dependent children
    10 Three non-dependent children
    11 Four non-dependent children
    12 Five non-dependent children
    13 Six or more non-dependent children
    Not applicable:
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 15

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Couple families with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is Person 1's date of birth?

    What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of non-dependent children in family example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from responses to relationship in household, age, attendance at a educational institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. 

    It counts the number of non-dependent children in couple families and one parent families.

    The Family composition (FMCF) variable is used to determine whether the family is a couple family or a one parent family. 

    Non-dependent children present in the household are counted if they are part of the family and are classified as one of the following Relationship in household (RLHP) categories:

    • 51 Non-dependent natural, or adopted child
    • 52 Non-dependent step child
    • 53 Non-dependent foster child

    Up to three non-dependent children who are temporarily absent from the household on Census Night can be counted from the variable Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF).

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent children in family (CDCF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent (CNDAF) 
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Child

    Count of persons temporarily absent from household (CPAD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the total number of people who were reported as temporarily absent from the household. A maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent.

    Scope

    Family and group households

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No persons temporarily absent from household
    1 One person temporarily absent from household
    2 Two persons temporarily absent from household
    3 Three persons temporarily absent from household
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Lone person households
    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Additional information relating to the question on: Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. The count includes:

    • husbands/wives
    • de facto partners
    • unrelated flatmates or co-tenants
    • children (i.e. dependent children under 15 years, dependent students (15-24 years) and non-dependent children).

    History and changes

    This question was first asked in the 1986 Census.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This data is subject to a family coding process so that only those persons who form a Family group (that is partners, children and grandchildren aged under 15 years), and Unrelated persons living in group households are included. Family members who are not identified as members of the Family group are not included in Count of persons temporarily absent from household.

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both Family and Group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as Temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)   
    • Count of dependent students (15 – 24 years) in family temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent (CNDAF) 
    • Temporarily absent

    Count of persons temporarily absent from family (CPAF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the total number of people who were temporarily absent from a family on Census Night. The count of persons temporarily absent includes husbands/wives/partners, de facto partners, and children (dependent children aged under 15 years, dependent students (15-24 years) and non-dependent children). A maximum of three people can be coded as temporarily absent in the dwelling.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No persons temporarily absent from family
    1 One person temporarily absent from family
    2 Two persons temporarily absent from family
    3 Three persons temporarily absent from family
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of persons temporarily absent from family example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. Persons included in the main family structure are processed to create this variable. They include:

    • partner
    • child
    • grandchild aged under 15.

    Other family members not included in the main family structure are removed.

    History and changes

    This question was first introduced in 1996.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)   
    • Count of dependent students (15 – 24 years) in family temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family temporarily absent (CNDAF) 
    • Count of persons in family (CPRF)
    • Family
    • Temporarily absent

    Count of persons in family (CPRF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of people in a family.

    It includes other related people such as: 

    • people outside of the primary couple relationship
    • people outside of a lone parent-child relationship
    • non blood relatives (e.g. in-laws).

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    2 Two persons in family
    3 Three persons in family
    4 Four persons in family
    5 Five persons in family
    6 Six or more persons in family
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unrelated persons living in family households
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Count of persons in family example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the following variables:

    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Count of persons temporarily absent family (CPAF)

    It includes up to three persons who were temporarily absent from the family on Census Night.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Count of persons temporarily absent from family (CPAF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Family

    Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)

    Definition

    This variable records the different child types within a family, including grandchildren. It recognises a grandchild regardless of the age of the grandchild. This variable is different to the standard Child type (CTPP) variable which does not capture grandchildren. 

    This variable can only be used with other related grandparent/grandchild variables. These variables are:

    • Grandparent families (FMGF)
    • Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP)

    It cannot be used with standard family variables.

    Scope

    All children

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Natural, or adopted child of both parents or lone parent
    2 Step child of male parent
    3 Step child of female parent
    4 Foster child, so stated
    5 Grandchild
    6 Otherwise related child (under 15)
    7 Unrelated child (under 15)
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Husband, wife, partners, lone parents, other related individuals, non-family members, or visitors (from within Australia) in family households
    • Persons in non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the person's date of birth and age?

    What is the person's date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person's date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    More information relating to the question: Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Example response to the question: List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Person 4 added as person temporarily absent on Census night.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created using responses to the relationship in household, age, attendance at an educational institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form. It is derived from the Relationship in household (including grandparents) (RLGP) variable.

    This variable classifies a person as a grandchild, regardless of age, if their Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP) to the family reference person is either a:

    • 34 Grandchild under 15
    • 44 Dependent student grandchild
    • 54 Non dependent grandchild

    Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP) is different to the standard family variable Child type (CTPP). The table below outlines these differences and how each variable classifies the child.

    Scenario How it would be coded in CTGP How it would be coded in CTPP
    Person aged 15 years or more and has relationship of grandchild to Person 1/Person 2 5 Grandchild @ Not applicable
    Person aged under 15 and has relationship of grandchild to Person 1/Person 2 5 Grandchild 35 Otherwise related child under 15

    History and changes

    This variable was created in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Users should note that grandparent-grandchild relationships are constructed for the purposes of family coding in order to create a statistical family. It may not be representative of who provides care.

    For example, a scenario could be that a 20 year old grandchild lives with her grandmother. She is a full-time student and is dependent on her grandmother. Alternatively, she may have moved in with her grandmother specifically to take care of her. It is important that users do not make assumptions about grandparent families.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Grandparent families (FMGF)
    • Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP)
    • Child

    Child type (CTPP)

    Definition

    This variable identifies different parent-child relationships within families.

    Scope

    All children

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Natural, or adopted child of both parents or lone parent
    2 Step child of male parent
    3 Step child of female parent
    4 Foster child, so stated
    5 Otherwise related child (under 15)
    6 Unrelated child (under 15)
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 8

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Husband, wife, partners, lone parents, other related individuals, non-family members, or visitors (from within Australia) in family households
    • Persons in non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Child type example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household question on the Census form.

    Children are classified as:

    • A ‘child’ if the person is aged under 15 years of age
    • 'Otherwise related child' when they live with another adult relative (e.g. older sibling, aunt, uncle) and no natural, adoptive, step-, foster-, or grand- parent is identified
    • 'Unrelated child' when no relative is identified within the same dwelling.

    Persons aged over 15 years and over are classified as:

    • ‘Children’ if they are living with a natural, adoptive, step, foster or grandparent
    • 'Not applicable’ if they are a boarder and/or lodger aged 15 years and over

    In some cases, children are listed on the Census form as Person 2. In this case, if both parents are usual residents, the response 'Child of both Person 1 and Person 2' is not available in the relationship question for Person 2. Coders attempt to establish whether the child was a step child or child of both parents using other information such as surname.

    History and changes

    A question on the relationships between members of a household has been asked in all censuses since 1911. This variable has been output since 1991.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable captures complex family structures such as blended families or multiple generations of families within a household. The quality of family data in the Census is partly dependent on people’s ability to describe these relationships within the constraints of the generalised questionnaire format required by a Census.

    The categories 'step child' and 'foster child' are not necessarily pure counts as a parent may report such a child as being a child of Person 1 and Person 2. In this case the child would be classified as a 'natural child'.

    Cross classification of Child type (CTPP) with Family composition (FMCF) allows analysis of different family types.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Family blending (FBLF)

    Definition

    This variable classifies couple families with children living in private dwellings, based on the parent-child relationships within them.

    Scope

    Couple families with children

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Intact family with no other children present
    2 Step family with no other children present
    3 Blended family with no other children present
    4 Intact family with other children present
    5 Step family with other children present
    6 Blended family with other children present
    7 Other couple family with other children only
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 8

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • One parent families
    • Couple families with no children
    • Other families
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Intact, step and blended families can also include other children who are not the natural children of either parent in the couple, such as:

    • Foster children
    • A grandchild being raised by their grandparents

    A child who is either the natural child of one partner but not of the other, or who is reported as being the step child of both parents is classified as a step child.

    Family type definitions

    Intact

    An intact family is a couple family containing at least one child who is the natural or adopted child of both partners in the couple. It does not include a child who is the step child of either partner in the couple.

    Step

    A step family is a couple family containing one or more children, at least one of whom is the step child of one of the partners in the couple, and none of whom is the natural or adopted child of both members of the couple.

    Blended

    A blended family is a couple family containing two or more children, of whom at least one is the natural or adopted child of both members of the couple, and at least one is the step child of either partner in the couple.

    Other families

    Other couple family refers to families containing one or more children where no child is the natural or adopted child of either partner in the couple; and no child is the step child of either parent in the couple. Examples include:

    • couples with foster children of any age
    • otherwise related or unrelated children aged under 15 years
    • grandchildren being raised by their grandparents

    Family blending category definitions

    1. Intact family with no other children present

    A couple family containing:

    • at least one child who is the natural or adopted child of both partners in the couple
    • no child who is the step child of either partner in the couple
    • no other children (e.g. otherwise related or unrelated children, such as foster children or grandchildren being raised by their grandparents)
    2. Step family with no other children present

    A couple family containing:

    • one or more children, with at least one a step child of one of the partners in the couple  
    • no children who are natural or adopted children of both members of the couple
    • no other children (e.g. otherwise related or unrelated children, such as foster children or grandchildren being raised by their grandparents)
    3. Blended family with no other children present 

    A couple family containing:

    • two or more children, with at least one child a natural or adopted child of both members of the couple
    • at least one child that is a step child of either partner in the couple
    • no other children (e.g. otherwise related or unrelated children, such as foster children or grandchildren being raised by their grandparents)
    4. Intact family with other children present

    A couple family containing:

    • two or more children, with at least one child a natural or adopted child of both partners in the couple
    • no child is a step child of either partner in the couple
    • at least one is an other child (e.g. an otherwise related or unrelated child, such as a foster child, or a grandchild being raised by their grandparents)
    5. Step family with other children present

    A couple family containing:

    • two or more children, with at least one child the step child of one of the partners in the couple
    • no child that is natural or adopted of both members of the couple
    • at least one is an other child (e.g. an otherwise related or unrelated child, such as a foster child or a grandchild being raised by his or her grandparents)
    6. Blended family with other children present 

    A couple family containing:

    • three or more children, with at least one child a natural or adopted child of both members of the couple
    • at least one step child of either partner in the couple
    • at least one other child (e.g. an otherwise related or unrelated child, such as a foster child, or a grandchild being raised by their grandparents)
    7. Other couple family with other children only
    • a couple family containing one or more children, all of whom are neither the natural children of either partner in the couple, nor the step children of both partners in the couple.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Family blending example  - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person awayList the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household and Persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form. Temporarily absent children are taken into consideration when classifying families.

    Families are only derived for occupied private dwellings where a family composition can be determined from the relationship within the household.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2006.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the Persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both Family and Group households.

    Due to form limitations, a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as Temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Reporting relationships in respect to ‘Person 1’ on the Census form can make it difficult to establish the relationships within a household, especially dwellings containing blended families. In some cases, further information is used during processing to help determine relationships. This includes:

    • Surname or family name
    • Usual residence
    • Marital status

    If a child is listed on the Census form as 'Person 2' and both parents are usual residents, the response 'Child of both Person 1 and Person 2' is not available in the relationship question for 'Person 2'. In these cases an attempt is made to establish whether the child was a step-child or child of both parents using information such as surname. Despite these attempts there may be a small proportion of children coded to 'step-child' who may be a child of both parents. There may also be cases where the child of reference person (and a step-child of the partner) is incorrectly coded as a child of both parents.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Family composition (FMCF)

    Definition

    This variable classifies families into different family types. It uses a single family reference person and classifies each member around that person.

    When classifying families into different types, information about temporarily absent family members is used.

    This variable distinguishes between different types of families based on the presence or absence of couple relationships, parent-child relationships, child dependency relationships or other familial relationships, in that order of preference.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    1 Couple family with no children
      12 Couple family with no children
        122 Couple family with no children
          1222 Couple family with no children
    2 Couple family with children
      21 Couple family with children under 15
        211 Couple family with children under 15 and dependent students
          2111 Couple family with children under 15, dependent students and non-dependent children
          2112 Couple family with children under 15, dependent students and no non-dependent children
        212 Couple family with children under 15 and no dependent students
          2121 Couple family with children under 15, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
          2122 Couple family with children under 15, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
      22 Couple family with no children under 15
        221 Couple family with no children under 15 and with dependent students
          2211 Couple family with no children under 15, and with dependent students and non-dependent children
          2212 Couple family with no children under 15, and with dependent students and no non-dependent children
        222 Couple family with no children under 15 and no dependent students
          2221 Couple family with no children under 15, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
    3 One parent family
      31 One parent family with children under 15
        311 One parent family with children under 15 and dependent students
          3111 One parent family with children under 15, dependent students and non-dependent children
          3112 One parent family with children under 15, dependent students and no non-dependent children
        312 One parent family with children under 15 and no dependent students
          3121 One parent family with children under 15, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
          3122 One parent family with children under 15, no dependent students and no non-dependent children
      32 One parent family with no children under 15
        321 One parent family with no children under 15 and with dependent students
          3211 One parent family with no children under 15, with dependent students and non-dependent children
          3212 One parent family with no children under 15, with dependent students and no non-dependent children
        322 One parent family with no children under 15 and no dependent students
          3221 One parent family with no children under 15, no dependent students and with non-dependent children
    9 Other family  
      92 Other family  
        922 Other family
          9222 Other family
    @@@@ Not applicable      

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 4
    • Two digit level: 6
    • Three digit level: 10
    • Four digit level: 17

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Family composition example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship and persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form. During data processing, families are identified and created based around a ‘family reference person’, usually person 1 recorded on the Census form.

    This variable distinguishes between different types of families based on the presence or absence of couple relationships, parent-child relationships, child dependency relationships or other family relationships, in that order of preference. Families are classified in terms of the relationships that exist between a single family reference person and each other member of that family.

    Reporting relationships in respect of 'Person 1' on the form, can make it difficult to establish all the relationships that exist in a household, or to identify whether more than one family is living in the dwelling. In some cases, additional information such as surname, usual residence and marital status are used during data processing to help determine these relationships.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in the 2006 Census to replace Family type (FMTF).

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Across the community, a wide variety of living arrangements exist therefore family structures can be complex and dynamic in nature. The quality of family data in the Census is dependent on people’s ability to describe these relationships with the usual residence in the household.

    This variable relates only to the basic composition of a family and is the principle family variable used in family tabulations. Demographic characteristics of the different family compositions can be established with cross tabulation with:

    Note: There is no provision for 'other related individuals' in second and third families.

    If more than three families are found in a household, only three families are separately classified. Any other people are classified as either related family members or non-family members as appropriate and are attached to family one.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Grandparent families (FMGF)

    Definition

    This variable classifies families into different family types depending on the composition of the family. It differs from the standard Family composition (FMCF) variable because it recognises grandparent-grandchild relationships.

    Grandparent families are recognised when there is a grandparent-grandchild relationship present and no parent-child relationship present in a family.

    This variable can only be used with other related grandparent/grandchild variables. These variables are:

    • Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)
    • Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP)

    It cannot be used with standard family variables.

    Scope

    Families with grandchildren

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Couple family with grandchildren
    11 Couple family with grandchildren under 15 (with or without other children)
    12 Couple family with no grandchildren under 15 and with dependent student grandchildren (with or without other children)
    13 Couple family with no grandchildren under 15, no dependent student grandchildren and with non-dependent grandchildren (with or without other children)
    2 Lone grandparent
    21 Lone grandparent with grandchildren under 15 (with or without other children)
    22 Lone grandparent with no grandchildren under 15 and with dependent student grandchildren (with or without other children)
    23 Lone grandparent with no grandchildren under 15, no dependent student grandchildren and with non-dependent grandchildren (with or without other children)
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 2
    • Two digit level: 7

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Families with no grandchildren
    • Non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    Grandparent families example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 4 a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created using responses to the relationship in household, age, attendance at an education institution and persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions on the Census form.

    It only counts families where there is a grandparent-grandchild relationship present and no parent-child relationship present in a family. All other families are coded to not applicable.

    When classifying families into different grandparent family types the following information is used:

    • Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP) variable for family members present in the household on Census Night
    • PTA questions for family members who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night

    The table below shows how grandparent-grandchild relationships are coded differently between the Grandparent families (FMGF) and the standard Family composition (FMCF) variable.

    Scenario

    How it would be coded in FMGF

    How it would be coded in FMCF

    Grandparents who are a couple with a grandchild under 15 years old

    11 Couple family with grandchildren under 15 (with or without other children)

    2 Couple family with children

    Grandparents who are a couple with a grandchild who is a dependent student (aged 15-24 years)

    12 Couple family with no grandchildren under 15 and with dependent student grandchildren (with or without other children)

    1 Couple family with no children

    Grandparents who are a couple with a non-dependent grandchild

    13 Couple family with no grandchildren under 15, no dependent student and with non-dependent grandchildren (with or without other children)

    2 Couple family with no children

    Lone grandparent with a grandchild under 15 years old

    21 Lone grandparent with grandchildren under 15 (with or without other children)

    3 One parent family

    Lone grandparent with a grandchild who is a dependent student (aged 15-24 years)

    22 Lone grandparent with no grandchildren under 15 and with dependent student grandchildren (with or without other children)

    3 One parent family

    Lone grandparents with a non-dependent grandchild

    23 Lone grandparent with no grandchildren under 15, no dependent student grandchildren and with non-dependent grandchildren (with or without other children)

    9 Other family

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011 to enable grandparent families to be identified more easily within the data.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    During Census family coding, all children under 15 years of age are allocated a nominal parent if their parent/s are not present in the household on Census Night, or if the parent/s were not reported as temporarily absent. Nominal parents can be the child's sibling, grandparent, aunt/uncle or other related individuals.

    Grandparent families are recognised where a grandparent/s is allocated as the nominal parent or where there is only a grandparent-grandchild relationship present in the family (and no parent-child relationship). When a parent is temporarily absent from the family and their relationship to the child cannot be determined, the relationship cannot be coded. This can result in a small number of children being reported incorrectly as grandchildren when a parent is simply absent on Census Night.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)
    • Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP)
    • Family

    Family number (FNOF)

    Definition

    This variable categorises multiple families in a household as either the primary, second or third family. Families in a one family household are always classified as the primary family.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Primary family
    2 Second family
    3 Third family
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household question on the Census form.

    In a multiple family household, a maximum of three families can be identified. In cases where more than three families are identified in a household, the first three families are coded. The other persons are classified as either related family members of the primary family or non-family members.

    Where there is more than one family in a household on Census Night, the family with dependent children is designated as the primary family. If there was more than one family, and no children were present in the household, then the first family identified on the Census form becomes the primary family.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1971, to replace the previously used Family group (FMGF) variable. The mnemonic used has changed several times.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The maximum of three families in a household may have only a small effect on the total number of families overall. However, the impact may be more significant among population groups who are more likely to live in multi-generational households or with large numbers of extended family members.

    The term 'Primary family' is an ABS term that is used to aid coding of household relationships. This should not be misinterpreted as signifying that this is the main family in the household or the family that owns the house or for any other reason, other than for ABS relationship coding purposes.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Parent indicator (FPIP)

    Definition

    This variable records the usually resident parent in a family household. It identifies parents of children in family households, provided the parent and child were counted in the same family, or were reported as temporarily absent on Census Night.

    Scope

    Parents present in the household on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Male parent
    2 Female parent
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Other families
    • Non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Group household member
    • Lone person
    • Other non-classifiable relationship
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Visitor (from within Australia)
    • Overseas visitor

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male, Female, Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male, Female
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the sex and relationship in household questions on the Census form.

    This variable identifies parents of children in family households, provided the parent and child were counted in the same family on Census Night, or reported as 'Person temporarily absent' (PTA) on Census Night.

    Parents are counted if there are:

    • dependent children aged under 15 years
    • dependent students aged 15–24 years
    • non-dependent children present in the family.

    Children under 15 years of age are allocated a 'nominal parent' if their parent/s are not present in the household on Census Night, or if the parent/s were not reported as temporarily absent. 'Nominal parents' can be the child's sibling, grandparent, aunt/uncle or other related individuals. Only dependent grandchildren-grandparent relationships are counted. Non-dependent grandchildren are excluded.

    History and changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Parents of children or students reported in Census data releases will include same-sex parents and opposite sex parents.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Relationship between families (FRLF)

    Definition

    This variable describes the relationship between families within a household. The variable Family number (FNOF) is required to identify the primary, second or third family counted within the household.

    The relationship described is between the primary family and the second or third family. For example, in a household there is a primary couple family with children and a second couple family. The second family consists of the parents of the reference person in the primary family. This second family would be identified as ‘Mother’s/father’s family'.

    Scope

    Two or three family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Mother's/father's family
    2 Grandparent's family
    3 Son's/daughter's family
    4 Grandchild's family
    5 Brother's/sister's family
    6 Other related family
    7 Unrelated family
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 8

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Primary families in multi-family households
    • One family households
    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household question on the Census form. This question is used to determine the relationships people have with others in a multi-family household. Persons temporarily absent are also taken into consideration.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1991.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Relationship between families categories of 'Mother's/father's family' (FRLF category 1) and 'Son's/daughter's family' (FRLF category 3) are complementary. To find the number of families living with a family that contains a parent or child of one of the family members, users should consider both categories combined.

    Users are faced with a similar situation when looking at 'Grandparent's families' and 'Grandchild families' (FRLF categories 2 and 4). Any one of these categories used in isolation will not give a full count of family pairs bound by a specified relationship.

    During data processing the relationships identified are used to derive the relationship of each family to the household’s ‘primary family’. A 'primary family' is an ABS term that is used to aid coding of household relationships, and should not be misinterpreted as signifying the family that owns the house, or the 'main' family for any reason other than ABS family and household coding purposes.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Family household composition (dwelling) (HCFMD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the types of families within family households at the dwelling level. In multiple family households, only the family composition of the primary family is recorded.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 One family household
    11 One family household: Couple family with no children
    12 One family household: Couple family with children
    13 One family household: One parent family
    14 One family household: Other family
    2 Multiple family household
    21 Two family household: Couple family with no children
    22 Two family household: Couple family with children
    23 Two family household: One parent family
    24 Two family household: Other family
    25 Three or more family household: Couple family with no children
    26 Three or more family household: Couple family with children
    27 Three or more family household: One parent family
    28 Three or more family household: Other family
    3 Other household
    31 Lone person household
    32 Group household
    33 Visitors only household
    34 Other non-classifiable household
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 3
    • Two digit level: 17

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Family household composition (dwelling) example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information realting to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable uses information collected from the Relationship in household and the Persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form.

    Family and Household structures are identified during Census data processing and are created around a family or household reference person. This variable is derived from the Family composition (FMCF) and Household composition (HHCD) variables.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Across the community, a wide variety of living arrangements exist with complex family structures. The quality of family data in the Census is partly dependent on people’s ability to describe these relationships within the constraints of the generalised questionnaire format required by a Census. Reporting relationships in respect of 'Person 1' only, can make it difficult to establish all the relationships which exist in a household, or to identify whether more than one family is living in the dwelling.

    A maximum of three families can be coded to a household. Lone person households can contain visitors. Visitor only households can contain overseas visitors.

    The 'Other not classifiable' category consists mainly of occupied dwellings where a form was not received. It also includes households:

    • Which the ABS Field Officer determined were occupied on Census Night but where the ABS Field Officer could not make contact
    • That contained only persons aged under 15 years
    • Which could not be classified elsewhere in this classification because there was insufficient information on the Census form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Family composition (FMCF)
    • Household composition (HHCD)
    • Family household composition (family) (HCFMF)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)

    Family household composition (family) (HCFMF)

    Definition

    This variable counts the types of families within family households at the family level. In multiple family households all family types are counted.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 One family household
    11 One family household: Couple family with no children
    12 One family household: Couple family with children
    13 One family household: One parent family
    14 One family household: Other family
    2 Two family household
    21 Two family household: Couple family with no children
    22 Two family household: Couple family with children
    23 Two family household: One parent family
    24 Two family household: Other family
    3 Three or more family household
    31 Three or more family household: Couple family with no children
    32 Three or more family household: Couple family with children
    33 Three or more family household: One parent family
    34 Three or more family household: Other family
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 3
    • Two digit level: 13

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Family household composition (family) example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable uses information collected from the Relationship in household and the Persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form.

    Family and household structures are identified during Census data processing and are created around a family or household reference person. This variable is derived from the Family composition (FMCF) and Household composition (HHCD) variables.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Family composition (FMCF)
    • Family household composition (dwelling) (HCFMD)
    • Household composition (HHCD)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)

    Household composition (HHCD)

    Definition

    This variable describes the type of household within a dwelling. It indicates if a family is present on Census Night and if other unrelated household members are present.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    1 One family household    
      11 One family household with only family members present
        110 One family household with only family members present
      12 One family household with non-family members present
        120 One family household with non-family members present
    2 Multiple family household    
      21 Two family household
        211 Two family household with only family members present
        212 Two family household with non-family members present
      22 Three or more family household
        221 Three or more family household with only family members present
        222 Three or more family household with non-family members present
    3 Non-family household    
      31 Lone person household
        310 Lone person household
      32 Group household
        320 Group household
    4 Non-classifiable    
      41 Visitors only
        410 Visitors only
      42 Other non-classifiable
        420 Other non-classifiable
    Not applicable      
    @@@ Not applicable    

     

    Number of categories:

    • One digit level: 4
    • Two digit level: 8
    • Three digit level: 11

    Not applicable (@@@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Household composition example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's date of birth?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household and Persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form.

    Family and Household structures are identified during Census data processing and are created around a family or household reference person. Persons identified as temporarily absent on Census Night are taken into consideration when deriving Household composition. This allows for identification of some family types and helps distinguish between lone person and group households.

    History and changes

    This variable was first used in the 2006 Census. Between 1986 and 2001 some information had been collected through the variable Household type. Other information on families was also collected prior to 1986, though the older variables did not contain as much detail as what has been collected in recent years.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Across the community, a wide variety of living arrangements exist with complex family structures. The quality of family data in the Census is partly dependent on people’s ability to describe these relationships within the constraints of the generalised questionnaire format required by a Census. Reporting relationships in respect of 'Person 1' only, can make it difficult to establish all the relationships which exist in a household, or to identify whether more than one family is living in the dwelling.

    A maximum of three families can be coded to a household. Lone person households can contain visitors. Visitor only households can contain overseas visitors.

    The 'Other not classifiable' category consists mainly of occupied dwellings where a form was not received (3.8% of all occupied private dwellings). It also includes households:

    • which the ABS Field Officer determined were occupied on Census Night but where the ABS Field Officer could not make contact
    • that contained only persons aged under 15 years
    • which could not be classified elsewhere in this classification because there was insufficient information on the Census form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Imputation flag for registered marital status (IFMSTP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates if a person's Registered marital status (MSTP) was imputed.

    Scope

    Applicable to:

    • all responding people aged 15 years and over
    • all imputed people in private dwellings
    • imputed people aged 15 years and over in non-private dwellings and migratory, off-shore, and shipping areas

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Marital status not imputed
    2 Marital status imputed
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 3

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Responding persons aged under 15 years
    • Imputed persons aged under 15 years in non-private dwellings and migratory, off-shore, and shipping areas

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s current marital status?

    What is the person’s current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information Never married Widowed Divorced Separated but not divorced Married

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information If the person is divorced or widowed and has remarried, select ‘Married’. If the person is divorced and has not remarried, select ‘Divorced’, even if the person lives in a de facto relationship. If the person is in a de facto relationship and has not been in a registered marriage, select ‘Never married’.

    How this variable is created

    Registered marital status imputation is carried out by finding a similar person in a similar responding dwelling based on the variables:

    Registered marital status is only imputed for people aged 15 years and over and set to 'Not applicable' for people aged under 15 years.

    For further information on imputation see, Registered Marital status (MSTP) and Imputation in the Census Glossary. 

    History and changes

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The primary imputation method used for the 2021 Census is known as hotdecking. Other imputation processes use probability methods. In general the hotdecking method involves locating a donor record and copying the relevant responses to the record requiring imputation. The donor record will have similar characteristics and must also have the required variable(s) stated. In addition the donor record will be located geographically as close as possible to the location of the record to be imputed. The match must occur within the same Capital City or Balance of State.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Registered Marital Status (IFMSTP), the non-response rate for Registered marital status was 5.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.9% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see 2021 Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Imputation flag for number of males and females in dwelling (IFNMFD)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether the number of males and females were counted for an occupied private dwelling or were imputed. This flag indicates dwellings where no form was received and therefore people needed to be imputed into the dwelling.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Persons not imputed into dwelling
    2 Persons imputed into dwelling
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  3

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a direct question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    Most occupied private dwellings return a completed form, so the number of persons is known. This variable identifies those private dwellings where the number of people are imputed.

    History and changes

    This variable was first used in the 2006 Census. The categories for this item were changed in 2016 due to the changes in dwelling enumeration.

    Prior to the 2016 Census, Census Field Officers would collect information on number of males and females in residence during their visits to the dwelling. This information would be recorded in their collector record books and could be used instead of imputation if there was no response from the dwelling. This information was not collected during the 2016 Census and if a dwelling did not respond the only option was to impute the number of males and females based on similar dwellings. This flag is set during Census processing.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    For imputed persons, the following person variables are also imputed:

    All other person variables are set to ‘Not stated’ or ‘Not applicable’ for imputed persons.

    Non-response rate only applies to data items that directly reflect responses to individual Census form questions. This imputation flag does not have a non-response rate as it is used to indicate whether the number of males and females were imputed during Census processing for applicable households. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Social marital status (MDCP)

    Definition

    This variable records a person's relationship status based on their current living arrangements. It identifies whether they form a couple relationship with another person living in the same usual residence, and the nature of that relationship.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over usually resident and present in the household on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Married in a registered marriage
    2 Married in a de facto marriage
    3 Not married
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years
    • Persons who are visitors (from within Australia)
    • Persons in non-classifiable households
    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Category definitions

    • 'Married in a registered marriage' means two people live together as husband, wife or partner and their marriage is formalised through registration.
    • 'Married in a de facto marriage' means two people live together as partners who are not in a registered marriage. It includes people who report de facto, partner, common law husband/wife/spouse, lover, girlfriend or boyfriend.
    • ‘Not married’ means neither a registered nor a de facto marriage. This includes people who live alone, with other family members, and those in shared accommodation.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the person’s current marital status?

    What is Person 1's current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information Never married Widowed Divorced Separated but not divorced Married
    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information If the person is divorced or widowed and has remarried, select ‘Married’. If the person is divorced and has not remarried, select ‘Divorced’, even if the person lives in a de facto relationship. If the person is in a de facto relationship and has not been in a registered marriage, select ‘Never married’.

    How this variable is created

    Data on the relationships people have with others in the same dwelling, including de facto partnerships or social marriages, is from the relationship in household question on the Census form. This variable is derived from the Relationship in household (RLHP) and Registered marital status (MSTP) variables.

    Relationships are based off a ‘reference person’. This is usually Person 1 on the Census form. Where this isn’t Person 1, a more appropriate person on the form is chosen during coding. For example, an adult is chosen rather than a child, or in the event of multiple family households, additional reference people are chosen.

    To further identify some partnerships, additional information is used during data processing. This includes considering people who were recorded as temporarily absent on Census Night, registered marital status, name, and usual residence. Unless a social marriage is identified for a person, they are regarded as 'not married'.

    History and changes

    A question on Marital status has been asked in every Census since 1911. A separate variable recording de-facto or social marital status was first created in 1986 and has been used in every Census since then.

    In 2011, this variable provided data about how a person is married in a 'social way' (i.e. their current living status), regardless of response to the Registered marital status.

    In 2016, the processing of Social marital status was changed to align with ABS Family Standards. A social marital status of 'Married in a registered marriage' is defined as a person who lives with another person in a couple relationship and to whom they are also legally married to in a registered marriage.

    In December 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect enabling marriage equality for all couples. The amendments removed references to sex or gender and redefined marriage as 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others'. Registered marriages reported in Census data releases will include same-sex couples and opposite sex couples.

    In 2021, no changes have been made to the question on the form. However, changes were made to the way responses were processed as all couples can now be in registered marriages.

    Data use considerations

    Marriage law changes

    Registered marriages now include all couples. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling all couples to legally marry. The amendments removed references to sex or gender and redefined marriage as 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others'.

    No changes have been made to the output categories, however more people will be applicable to category 1 – Married in a registered marriage than in previous censuses. Conversely, less people will be applicable to category 2 - Married in a de facto marriage, and 3 - Not married.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Registered marital status (MSTP)

    Definition

    This variable records a person’s formal registered marital status. If registered marital status is not stated, it is imputed.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Never married
    2 Widowed
    3 Divorced
    4 Separated
    5 Married
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s current marital status?

    What is Person 1's current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information Never married Widowed Divorced Separated but not divorced Married

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's current marital status?
    What is Person 1's current marital status? ‘Married’ refers to registered marriages. More information If the person is divorced or widowed and has remarried, select ‘Married’. If the person is divorced and has not remarried, select ‘Divorced’, even if the person lives in a de facto relationship. If the person is in a de facto relationship and has not been in a registered marriage, select ‘Never married’.

    How this variable is created

    This variable captures the response from the marital status question on the Census form.

    If a person provides more than one response, the first response that appears on the form will be used.

    Where a respondent does not answer the Marital status question, marital status is imputed using other information on the form and using a marital status distribution of the population. For more information about imputation, please see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    The Imputation flag for registered marital status (IFMSTP) variable indicates if a person's marital status was imputed in the Census.

    History and changes

    A question on Marital status has been asked in every Census since 1911.

    In December 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect enabling marriage equality for all couples. The amendments removed references to sex or gender and redefined marriage as 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others'. Registered marriages reported in Census data releases will include same-sex couples and opposite sex couples.

    In 2021, no changes have been made to the question on the form. However, changes were made to the way responses were processed as all couples can now be in registered marriages.

    Data use considerations

    The Registered marital status variable provides data about a person's current registered marital status, regardless of their reported relationship to another person in their household. During the time of the Census the following instructions were available on the Census website to help people answer the registered marital status question.

    • If the person is a child and therefore not married, select ‘Never married’.
    • If the person is divorced or widowed and has remarried, select ‘Married’.
    • If the person is divorced and has not remarried, select ‘Divorced’, even if the person lives in a de facto relationship.
    • If the person is in a de facto relationship and has not been in a registered marriage, select ‘Never married’.
    • If the person is in a traditional Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander marriage, select ‘Married’.

    Information on de facto relationships is derived from responses to the Relationship in household question and output in the Social marital status (MDCP) variable.

    Due to the amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 in 2017, all couples are able to identify as being in registered marriages. While the categories for the variable have not changed, more people are in scope of category 5 - Married.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Registered Marital Status (IFMSTP), the non-response rate for Registered marital status (MSTP) was 5.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.9% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see 2021 Census methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Number of persons usually resident in dwelling (NPRD)

    Definition

    This variable counts the number of people who usually reside in an occupied private dwelling. It includes up to three residents who were temporarily absent from the household on Census Night.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 One person
    2 Two persons
    3 Three persons
    4 Four persons
    5 Five persons
    6 Six persons
    7 Seven persons
    8 Eight or more persons
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Were there any people away on the night of Tuesday 10 August who usually live in this dwelling?

    Were there any people away on the night of Tuesday 10 August who usually live in this dwelling?
    Who was away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021, but usually lives at 1 Smith Street? 'Usually lives' means the person has lived, or intends to live, at this address for a total of six months or more in 2021. Select all that apply. More information People on holiday, including people who are overseas People away for work, in hospital or away for another reason overnight or longer People staying with relatives or friends Students away at boarding school Children in shared care arrangements staying elsewhere on Tuesday 10 August 2021 OR No one away

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Were there any people away on the night of Tuesday 10 August who usually live in this dwelling?
    Who was away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021, but usually lives at 1 Smith Street? 'Usually lives' means the person has lived, or intends to live, at this address for a total of six months or more in 2021. Select all that apply. More information You will need to answer a few questions about the people away on Census night later in the form.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Number of persons usually resident in dwelling example - Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. 1 person away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived by counting the number of usual residents who were present in the household on Census Night plus the Count of people who were temporarily absent from household (CPAD).

    CPAD allows for up to three people to be temporarily absent from the household on Census Night.

    History and changes

    This variable was first used during the 2011 Census.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Due to form limitations a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Relationship as reported for couples (RLCP)

    Definition

    This variable records the partner relationship as it is reported for all couples in an occupied dwelling. It shows the number of people who reported their relationship as being 'husband, wife or partner' or 'de facto partner'.

    Scope

    Persons in Couple families

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Husband, wife or partner as reported, opposite-sex couple
    2 De facto partner as reported, opposite-sex couple
    3 Husband, wife or partner as reported, same-sex couple
    4 De facto partner as reported, same-sex couple
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Lone Parent and Other Families
    • Persons in Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Persons in Non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore or shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male, Female, Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male, Female, Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    Data on the relationships people have with others in the same dwelling, including husband/wife or de facto partner, is derived from the Relationship in household and Sex questions on the Census form.

    History and changes

    This variable was introduced in 2011.

    In December 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect enabling equality for all couples. The amendments removed references to sex or gender and redefined marriage as 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others'. Registered marriages reported in Census data releases will include same-sex couples and opposite sex couples only.

    In 2021, no changes have been made to the question. However, due to the amendments in 2017, more couples will be able to identify as being in registered marriages.

    Data use considerations

    Due to the amendments in 2017 to the Marriage Act 1961, more couples may identify in category 3 ‘Husband, wife or partner as reported, same-sex couple’ resulting in higher figures to previous censuses. Conversely, category 4 will decrease.

    For this derivation, the binary sex variable (SEXP) is used. Where a respondent has answered the sex question with ‘non-binary sex’ and provided a male or female response, the male or female response will be used to determine the binary sex variable. Otherwise, SEXP will be derived by statistical process using random allocation.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Imputation flag for registered marital status (IFMSTP)
    • Registered marital status (MSTP)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Same-sex couple indicator (SSCF)
    • Sex (SEXP)
    • Social marital status (MDCP)
    • Same-sex couple

    Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the relationship of each person in a family to the family reference person. Where a person is not part of a family their relationship to the reference person is described.

    This variable is different from the Relationship in household (RLHP) variable, as it:

    • has an extra grandchild type, being ‘Dependent student grandchild’
    • classifies lone grandparents (with no parent-child relationship present in the household) as ‘Lone parent’

    This variable can only be used with other related grandparent/grandchild variables. These variables are:

    • Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)
    • Grandparent families (FMGF)

    It cannot be used with standard family variables.

    Scope

    Persons present in an occupied private dwelling on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    Husband, Wife or Partner
    10 Husband, wife or partner, opposite-sex couple
    15 Husband, wife or partner, same-sex couple
    Lone parent 
    21 Lone parent
    Child under 15
    31 Natural or adopted child under 15
    32 Step child under 15
    33 Foster child under 15
    34 Grandchild under 15
    35 Otherwise related child under 15
    36 Unrelated child under 15
    Dependent student
    41 Natural or adopted dependent student
    42 Dependent student step child
    43 Dependent student foster child
    44 Dependent student grandchild
    Non-dependent child
    51 Non-dependent natural, or adopted child
    52 Non-dependent step child
    53 Non-dependent foster child
    54 Non-dependent grandchild
    Other related individual
    61 Brother/sister
    62 Father/mother
    64 Grandfather/grandmother
    65 Cousin
    66 Uncle/aunt
    67 Nephew/niece
    69 Other related individual (nec)
    Non-family member
    71 Unrelated individual living in family household
    72 Group household member
    73 Lone person
    Non-classifiable
    91 Visitor from within Australia
    99 Other non-classifiable relationship
    Not applicable 
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 31

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore or shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the person's date of birth and age?

    What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    Is the person attending a school or any other education institution?

    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created using responses to the relationship in household, sex, age and attendance at an educational institution on the Census form.

    Sex (SEXP) is used to determine whether the person is in a same-sex or opposite-sex couple.

    Age (AGEP) and Student status (STUP) information is used to determine what type of child the person is:

    • child under 15 (including grandchild under 15)
    • dependent student (including dependent student grandchild)
    • non-dependent child (including non-dependent grandchild)

    This variable is similar to Relationship in household (RLHP), but there are three key differences in how Relationship in household (including grandchildren) (RLGP) is processed. The table below outlines these scenarios and how each variable classifies the person.

    Scenario How it would be coded in RLGP How it would be coded in RLHP
    Person is a dependent student (15-24 years) and has a relationship of grandchild to Person 1/Person 2 44 Dependent student grandchild 63 Non-dependent grandchild
    Person is aged over 24 years and has a relationship of grandchild to Person 1/Person 2 54 Non-dependent grandchild 63 Non-dependent grandchild
    Person is a lone grandparent (no parent-child relationship present in the household) 21 Lone parent 64 Grandfather/grandmother

    Persons temporarily absent on Census Night are also taken into consideration when deriving this variable. This helps with the identification of some families and for distinguishing between lone person and group households.

    During data processing, families are identified and created based around a ‘family reference person’. For cases where a child or non-family member was listed as Person 1, a more appropriate person is selected to be the reference person.

    History and changes

    This variable was first included in 2011.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Family coding processes

    During Census family coding, all children under 15 years of age are allocated a nominal parent if their parent/s are not present in the household on Census Night, or if the parent/s were not reported as temporarily absent. Nominal parents can be the child's sibling, grandparent, aunt/uncle or other related individuals.

    Grandparent families are recognised where a grandparent/s is allocated as the nominal parent or where there is only a grandparent-grandchild relationship present in the family and no parent child relationship. When a parent is temporarily absent from the family and their relationship to the child cannot be determined, the relationship cannot be coded. This can result in a small number of children being reported incorrectly as grandchildren when a parent is simply absent on Census Night.

    RLGP may not represent caring responsibilities

    Users should note that grandparent-grandchild relationships are constructed for the purposes of family coding in order to create a statistical family. It may not be representative of who provides care.

    For example, a scenario could be that a 20 year old grandchild lives with her grandmother. She is a full-time student and is dependent on her grandmother. Alternatively, she may have moved in with her grandmother specifically to take care of her. It is important that users do not make assumptions about grandparent families.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)
    • Grandparent families (FMGF)
    • Relationship in Household (RLHP)

    Relationship in household (RLHP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the relationship of each person in a family to the family reference person. Where a person is not part of a family, that person's relationship to the household reference person is captured. This is a key variable which enables Census data for people in private dwellings to be output on a family and household basis as well as on a person basis.

    Scope

    Persons present in the household on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    Husband, Wife or Partner
    12 In a registered marriage, opposite-sex couple
    13 In a registered marriage, male same-sex couple
    14 In a registered marriage, female same-sex couple
    15 In de facto marriage, opposite-sex couple
    17 In de facto marriage, male same-sex couple
    18 In de facto marriage, female same-sex couple
    Lone parent
    21 Lone parent
    Child under 15
    31 Natural or adopted child under 15
    32 Step child under 15
    33 Foster child under 15
    34 Grandchild under 15
    35 Otherwise related child under 15
    36 Unrelated child under 15
    Dependent student
    41 Natural or adopted dependent student
    42 Student step child
    43 Student foster child
    Non-dependent child
    51 Non-dependent natural, or adopted child
    52 Non-dependent step child
    53 Non-dependent foster child
    Other related individual
    61 Brother/sister
    62 Father/mother
    63 Non-dependent grandchild
    64 Grandfather/grandmother
    65 Cousin
    66 Uncle/aunt
    67 Nephew/niece
    69 Other related individual (nec)
    Non-family member
    71 Unrelated individual living in family household
    72 Group household member
    73 Lone person
    Non-classifiable
    91 Visitor (from within Australia)
    99 Other non-classifiable relationship
    Supplementary Codes
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 34

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore or shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the person's date of birth and age?

    What is the person's date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person's date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?

    Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Person's school attendance No Yes, full-time student Yes, part-time student

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: Is the person attending a school or other education institution?
    Is Person 1 attending a school or any other education institution? Include tertiary education and vocational education and training providers (e.g. TAFE and private training providers). Include external, online or correspondence study. More information Select full-time student or part-time student based on whether the institution considers the person to be a full-time or part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. If the person is currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, but usually attends a school or other education institution, select one of the 'Yes' options.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the relationship in household, sex, age and full-time/part-time student questions on the Census form. Persons temporarily absent on Census Night are also taken into consideration when deriving this variable. This helps with the identification of some families and for distinguishing between lone person and group households.

    During data processing, families are identified and created based around a ‘family reference person’. For cases where a child or non-family member was listed as Person 1, a more appropriate person is selected to be the reference person.

    Sex (SEXP) is used to determine whether the person is in a same-sex or opposite-sex registered marriage or de facto marriage.

    Age (AGEP) and Student status (STUP) information is used to determine what type of child the person is:

    • child under 15
    • dependent student
    • non-dependent child

    Children classifications

    Dependent children are classified if they:

    • form a parent child relationship and are 0-14 years of age
    • are 15-24 years of age and a full-time student (in secondary or tertiary education)

    Non-dependent children are classified if they are:

    • children who are 15-24 years of age who are not full-time students
    • children aged 25 years and over

    Other children are classified according to their relationships if:

    • children are full-time students aged 15-24 years of age with a child or partner of their own
    • they are aged 25 years and over with a child or partner of their own

    History and changes

    This variable was first reported in 1911 and every Census since. In the 1986 Census, relationship to Person 1 and/or Person 2 has been asked in respect of each child. This is necessary to classify step children.

    The category, 'Other non-classifiable relationship' was added to this variable in 2011. People in occupied private dwellings who were coded to not applicable in previous censuses have been coded to ‘Other non-classifiable relationship’ from 2011.

    Registered marriages include same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples. Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling marriage equality for all couples.

    In 2021, the category '11 Registered marriage' has been replaced with three categories:

    • 12 In a registered marriage, opposite-sex couple
    • 13 In a registered marriage, male same-sex couple
    • 14 In a registered marriage, female same-sex couple

    Data use considerations

    Priority is given to identifying those relationships which form a ‘family group’, i.e. partnerships and parent/child relationships. For many households, identifying relationships to assist the coding of family or household structure for that dwelling is quite straightforward.

    For dwellings containing blended families or multiple generations of families, the nature of the family structure can be complex. The quality of family data in the Census is partly dependent on people’s ability to describe relationships within the constraints of the questionnaire format required by a Census.

    The reporting of relationships to Person 1 can sometimes mean that closer relationships between other people in the household are lost. For example, reporting ‘niece’ (of Person 1) instead of ‘daughter’ of Person 2. In other cases, respondents have reported a relationship that is the reverse of what the question is intended to capture, for example, reporting 'grandparent' instead of 'grandchild'. While in many cases these errors are recognised and rectified, some are automatically accepted and cannot be reviewed.

    More complex or unusual relationships are not automatically accepted by the processing system and are presented for manual coding. In some cases, additional information is used to determine relationships, such as:

    • name
    • usual residence
    • marital status
    • number of children given birth

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Family/household reference person indicator (RPIP)

    Definition

    This variable identifies a household member as the reference person used in Census coding. The reference person is used to identify the relationships between usual residents of a household. Relationships are defined between the family reference person and all other family members. It has limited statistical value but is included for use in population and dwelling projection models.

    Scope

    Persons in family, group and lone person households

    Categories

    Code Category
    Reference person in a family household
    1 Reference person in primary family
    2 Reference person in second family
    3 Reference person in third family
    Reference person in non-family household
    4 Reference person in non-family household
    Other
    5 Other household member
    Supplementary codes
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons in visitor only households
    • Persons in other non-classifiable households
    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Relationship in household question on the Census form.

    Relationships are based off a ‘reference person’. This is usually Person 1 on the Census form. Where this isn’t Person 1, a more appropriate person on the form is chosen during coding. This is based on age, marital status, and relationship considerations. A reference person must be a usual resident of the dwelling aged 15 years and over, and present on Census Night. For example, an adult is chosen rather than a child, or in the event of multiple family households, additional reference people are chosen.

    In multiple family households, there is a reference person for each family. The reference person for the primary family is usually defined as the household reference person. The identification of a family reference person allows each family within a dwelling to be treated as a separate entity for tabulation purposes.

    For group households, the first person on the form who meets the criteria will become the reference person. For visitor only households and households with no person present aged 15 years and over, the household is considered 'non-classifiable' and no reference person is assigned.

    History and changes

    This variable was first reported in 1911 and every Census year since.

    No changes have been made in 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable is not an indication that a person is 'head of the household'.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Sex of lone parent (SLPP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the sex, either male or female, of lone parents present in the household on Census Night.

    Scope

    Lone parents present in the household on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Male lone parent
    2 Female lone parent
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Husbands, wives or partners
    • Children
    • Dependent students
    • Other related individuals
    • Non-family members
    • Visitors (from within Australia)
    • Persons in other non-classifiable households
    • Persons in non-private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore or shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male, Female

    Is the person: Male, Female, Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Sex of lone parent example - Person 4 Surname
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    Is Person 4: Male, Female?
    Is Person 4: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)
    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the Sex and Relationship in household questions on the Census form. In a small proportion of cases, responses to Persons temporarily absent questions are also used.

    Sex is captured automatically from mark box responses on the form. If a form was received but there was no response, sex is imputed. Where a respondent selected 'non-binary sex' for the Sex question, a 'male' or 'female' response is allocated using statistical processes. More information is available in the Sex (SEXP) variable. 

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    No changes have been made in 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Sex of lone parent (SLPP) can provide useful information when cross-classified against variables such as Labour force status (LFSP) and Occupation (OCCP).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Spouse/partner indicator (SPIP)

    Definition

    This variable records the usually resident husband/wife/partner or de facto partner in a couple family. It identifies the husband/wife/partner of each family reference person counted in the same family on Census Night, or reported as temporarily absent on Census Night.

    Scope

    Couple families present in the household on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Family reference person
    2 Spouse/partner
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable category comprises:

    • Other families
    • Non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Group household member
    • Lone person
    • Other non-classifiable relationship
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Visitor (from within Australia)
    • Overseas visitor

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the the following variables:

    • Family/household reference person indicator (RPIP)
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)

    Where a person is both the reference person in the family (RPIP category 1, 2 or 3) and is in a registered or de facto marriage they are coded to '1 Family reference person'.

    Where a person is not the reference person in the family (RPIP category 5) and is in a registered or de facto marriage they are coded to '2 Spouse/partner'.

    History and changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    A family is based off a ‘reference person’. This is usually Person 1 on the Census form. Where this isn’t Person 1, a more appropriate person on the form is chosen during coding. This is based on age, marital status, and relationship considerations. A reference person must be a usual resident of the dwelling aged 15 years and over, and present on Census Night. For example, an adult is chosen rather than a child, or in the event of multiple family households, additional reference people are chosen.

    This variable identifies the spouse or partner of each family reference person counted in the same family on Census Night or reported as temporarily absent on Census Night. The couple may be in a registered or de facto marriage.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Location of spouse (SPLF)

    Definition

    This variable records whether the usually resident husband/wife/partner or de facto partner is present or temporarily absent from a couple family on Census Night.

    Scope

    Couple families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Present
    2 Temporarily absent
    @ Not applicable 

    Number of categories: 3

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • One parent families
    • Other families
    • Non-family/non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each persons away, complete the following questions:

    The Census asks a number of questions for usual residents who were temporarily absent on Census night, these are known as persons temporarily absent (PTA) questions. The PTA questions below are used to derive this variable.

    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Example to the question: List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Person 4 Surname added to the form.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Persons temporarily absent question on the Census form.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1986.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the persons temporarily absent section of the form. This can occur in both family and group households.

    Due to form limitations a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Same-sex couple indicator (SSCF)

    Definition

    This variable uses relationship information to indicate whether a family are a same-sex couple family.

    Scope

    Couple families

    Categories

    Code Category 
    1 Male same-sex couple
    2 Female same-sex couple
    3 Opposite-sex couple
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • One parent families
    • Other families
    • Lone person households
    • Group households
    • Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?

    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male or Female
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    How this variable is created

    This variable uses responses from the Relationship in household and Sex questions on the Census form.

    Sex is captured automatically from mark box responses on the form. If a form was received but there was no response, sex is imputed. Where a respondent selected 'non-binary sex' for the Sex question, a 'male' or 'female' response is allocated using statistical processes. More information is available in the Sex (SEXP) variable. 

    The responses are used in family coding where a person is classified as a 'partner in a de facto marriage' or ‘husband, wife or partner’. Persons temporarily absent are also taken into account. This information is then used to derive the Same-sex couple indicator (SSCF).

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011.

    For 2021 this variable includes same-sex marriages.  Amendments to the Marriage Act 1961 came into effect on 9 December 2017 enabling all couples to legally marry. The amendments removed references to sex or gender and redefined marriage as 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others'.

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken when comparing this variable to other family data from within the ABS or external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Relationship as reported for couples (RLCP
    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Family

    Housing

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    BEDD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling  June 2022
    BEDRD Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges)  June 2022
    DLOD Dwelling location June 2022
    DWIP Dwelling type indicator for persons April 2023
    DWTD Dwelling type June 2022
    HOSD Housing suitability June 2022
    LLDD Landlord type  June 2022
    MAID Mortgage affordability indicator June 2022 New
    MRED Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values June 2022
    MRERD Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges  June 2022
    NPDD Type of non-private dwelling June 2022
    OPGP Homelessness operational groups April 2023
    RAID Rent affordability indicator June 2022 New
    RLNP Residential status in a non-private dwelling June 2022
    RNTD Rent (weekly) dollar values June 2022
    RNTRD Rent (weekly) ranges June 2022
    STRD Dwelling structure June 2022
    TEND Tenure type June 2022
    TENLLD Tenure and landlord type  June 2022

    Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (BEDD)

    Definition

    This variable records the count of bedrooms in each occupied private dwelling. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    This variable is available as a single Count of all bedrooms (BEDD) and in ranges (BEDRD).

    In standard Census products (Quickstats, Community Profiles), number of bedrooms data are generally published in the range categories for BEDRD.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    00 None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)
    01-29 1 to 29 bedrooms singly
    30 30 or more bedrooms
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  33

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Number of bedrooms

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Include any room that is defined as a bedroom, even if it is used for a different purpose, for example, as a study, office, computer room or sewing room. Include any bedrooms created as a result of alterations and additions to the house (such as built-in verandas, extensions or cabins).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created based on responses given for the Number of bedrooms question on the Census form. The responses are captured automatically from written numeric responses, or from the 'None' mark box on the paper form.

    Number of bedrooms in private dwelling codes numeric responses from 0 to 29 bedrooms as reported and responses of 30 or more bedrooms are coded into the grouped category '30 or more bedrooms'.

    History and changes

    A question on the number of rooms/bedrooms has been included in every Australian Census since 1911. However, the question relating to number of bedrooms in a private dwelling was first asked in the 1976 Census.

    The 1986 Census form asked householders to indicate the numbers of various room types within the dwelling. Only the number of bedrooms was retained in the computer record. The 1991 and 1996 censuses collected data on the number of bedrooms only.

    Since the 2001 Census, respondents have been asked to write in the number of bedrooms in their dwelling rather than mark a response category. An additional 'None' mark box was added to the paper form in 2006.

    In 2021, the category has been reworded from ‘None (includes bedsitters)’ to ‘None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)’.

    Data use considerations

    Number of bedrooms data is commonly used to provide an indication of:

    • Dwelling size
    • Overcrowding by calculating occupancy ratios (i.e. the number of people per room/bedroom).

    When calculating occupancy ratios, it is preferable to use the number of people usually resident in the home, rather than the number of people present in the household on Census Night. This data can be used with Dwelling structure (STRD) and Dwelling location (DLOD) to provide more context to the number of bedrooms. 

    The data may include a small proportion of dwellings with unusually high number of bedrooms, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    The non-response rate for Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (BEDD) was 5.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges) (BEDRD)
    • Residential status in a non-private dwelling (RLNP)
    • Housing suitability (HOSD)
    • Dwelling structure (STRD)
    • Dwelling location (DLOD)
    • Dwelling type (DWTD)

    Useful links

    Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges) (BEDRD)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of bedrooms in each occupied private dwelling in ranges. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    In standard Census products (Quickstats, Community Profiles) number of bedrooms data is generally published in ranges.

    Number of bedrooms is also available as a single count of all bedrooms (BEDD).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)
    1 One bedroom
    2 Two bedrooms
    3 Three bedrooms
    4 Four bedrooms
    5 Five bedrooms
    6 Six bedrooms or more
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Number of bedrooms

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Include any room that is defined as a bedroom, even if it is used for a different purpose, for example, as a study, office, computer room or sewing room. Include any bedrooms created as a result of alterations and additions to the house (such as built-in verandas, extensions or cabins).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created based on responses given for the Number of bedrooms question on the Census form. The responses are captured automatically from written numeric responses, or from the 'None' mark box on the paper form.

    The Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (ranges) (BEDRD) variable groups responses to this question. Responses from 0 to 5 are reported singly while responses for 6 or more bedrooms are coded into the grouped category of '6 or more bedrooms'.

    History and changes

    A question on the number of rooms/bedrooms has been included in every Australian Census since 1911. However, the question relating to number of bedrooms in a private dwelling was first asked in the 1976 Census.

    The 1986 Census form asked householders to indicate the numbers of various room types within the dwelling. Only the number of bedrooms was retained in the computer record. The 1991 and 1996 Censuses collected data on the number of bedrooms only.

    Since the 2001 Census, respondents have been asked to write in the number of bedrooms in their dwelling rather than mark a response category. An additional 'None' mark box was added to the paper form in 2006.

    In 2021, the category has been reworded from ‘None (includes bedsitters)’ to ‘None (includes studio apartments or bedsitters)’.

    Data use considerations

    Number of bedrooms data is commonly used to provide an indication of:

    • Dwelling size
    • Overcrowding by calculating occupancy ratios (i.e. the number of people per room/bedroom).

    When calculating occupancy ratios, it is preferable to use the number of people usually resident in the home, rather than the number of people present in the household on Census Night. This data can be used with Dwelling structure (STRD) and Dwelling location (DLOD) to provide more context to the number of bedrooms. 

    The data may include a small proportion of dwellings with unusually high number of bedrooms, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    This variable is derived from the Number of bedrooms in a private dwelling (BEDD) variable. The non-response rate for Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (BEDD) was 5.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Number of bedrooms in private dwelling (BEDD)
    • Residential status in a non-private dwelling (RLNP)
    • Housing suitability (HOSD)
    • Dwelling structure (STRD)
    • Dwelling locations (DLOD)
    • Dwelling type (DWTD)

    Useful links

    Dwelling location (DLOD)

    Definition

    This variable describes the location of dwellings. It classifies them into large communal locations, such as caravan parks and marinas. The majority of Private dwellings are in the ‘other’ category because they are not located within these types of communal locations.

    The Dwelling structure for Private dwellings at these locations can be identified by using the variable Dwelling structure (STRD).

    The term ‘residential park’ refers to caravan parks with predominantly long-term residents.

    Scope

    Private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Caravan/residential park or camping ground
    2 Marina
    3 Manufactured home estate
    4 Retirement village (self-contained)
    5 Other
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    Information on Dwelling location is mainly sourced from the Address Register.

    Dwelling location data was recorded by ABS Address Canvassing Officers in the lead up to the 2016 Census as a once-off part of establishing the Address Register as a mail-out frame for designated areas. Dwelling location was also verified or collected by ABS Field Officers during the 2016 and 2021 Census collection periods.

    If the Dwelling location can not be determined it is set to 'Other'. Most Private dwellings fall into the 'Other' category for this data item.

    History and changes

    Collection methods 

    This variable was introduced for the 1996 Census to cater for changes in the scope of Private dwellings.

    For the 2006 and 2011 censuses, information regarding this variable was collected by ABS Field officers rather than being included on the Census form.

    Dwelling location has been sourced from the ABS Address Register since 2016. It is verified during field and office processes.

    Categories

    From 2006, the description for category 1 changed from 'Caravan park' to 'Caravan/residential park or camping ground', and the description for category 4 changed from 'Accommodation for the retired or aged (self-care)' to 'Retirement village (self-contained)'.

    Data use considerations

    As this variable is mainly determined by the ABS Address Register, the risk of misclassifying is low.

    While the misclassification of Dwelling location (DLOD) is rare, on occasion identification and amendments were made to correct a small number of dwellings. In rare cases, an establishment may fall into more than one category of dwelling location, such as a retirement village that contains manufactured homes, or a residential park that is made up of a mixture of caravans and manufactured homes. However, a dwelling can only be allocated to a single category and in these cases a determination was made during Census processing of the most appropriate category for the dwellings in question. 

    Dwelling location (DLOD) does not have a non-response rate as it is sourced from the Address Register, or during Census enumeration or Processing.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Dwelling type indicator for persons (DWIP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person was enumerated in a private or a non-private dwelling. It is included in the microdata products as a way of allowing users to more easily distinguish between those people enumerated in private dwellings and those enumerated in non-private dwellings without having to link to the household file.

    A dwelling is a structure which is intended to have people live in it, that is it was established for short-stay or long-stay accommodation.

    Scope

    All persons enumerated within an occupied private or non-private dwelling.

    As this is a person indicator, unoccupied private dwellings are out of scope.

    Categories

     
    Code Category
    1 Enumerated in an occupied private dwelling
    2 Enumerated in a non-private dwelling
    3 Enumerated in other dwellings

    Number of categories: 3

    Category definitions

    Enumerated in an occupied private dwelling:

    An ‘Occupied’ private dwelling is a private dwelling occupied by one or more people on Census Night. Most often this is a separate house, townhouse, apartment or flat. It can also be an occupied caravan, cabin, tent or boat. The structure of a dwelling can be identified by using the variable Dwelling Structure (STRD).

    People staying in an Occupied private dwelling on Census Night are provided an online or paper Household form to complete. Household forms collect information about the people staying in the dwelling, their household family structure, and their housing (e.g. number of people and rooms).

    The variable Dwelling Location (DLOD) can be used to identify occupied private dwellings within the following establishments:

    • marinas
    • manufactured home estates
    • self-contained retirement villages
    • caravan/residential parks
    • camping grounds

    Enumerated in a non-private dwelling (NPD):

    Enumerated in a non-private dwelling (NPD):

    NPDs provide a communal or transitory type of accommodation. These are more likely to be short-stay accommodation and are only counted if occupied on Census Night. NPDs include the following:

    • hotels and motels
    • guest houses
    • prisons
    • religious and charitable institutions
    • boarding schools
    • defence establishments
    • hospitals
    • other communal dwellings

    People in NPDs on Census Night are provided an individual Personal form to complete. Personal forms collect information about the person and their residential status within the establishment, but no information on the dwelling or household family structure. 

    Only people are counted at NPDs, not rooms, cells, units or beds. If there are long-term owners, managers or caretakers who work and live there, extra Private dwellings (PDs) are added.

    Enumerated in other dwellings:

    This category comprises:

    • Migratory
    • Off-shore
    • Shipping

    Migratory is comprised of people enumerated on an overnight journey by plane, train or bus cannot be allocated a dwelling type. This category exists for data processing and data querying purposes only.

    Off-shore is comprised of dwellings which exist on off-shore oil rigs and drilling platforms.

    Shipping is comprised of people on ‘vessels’ travelling between ports in Australian waters i.e. ships, cargo vessels, passenger liners, ocean-going passenger or car ferries and dredges. Excluded are foreign-owned cargo vessels and those bound for overseas.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Dwelling Type (DWTD) variable.

    The correspondence between the two variable's categories is highlighted below.

     
    DWTD DWIP
    1 Occupied private dwellings 1 Enumerated in an occupied private dwelling
    2 Unoccupied private dwellings Out of scope
    3 Non-private dwellings 2 Enumerated in a non-private dwelling
    4 Migratory 3 Enumerated in other dwellings
    5 Off-shore 3 Enumerated in other dwellings
    6 Shipping 3 Enumerated in other dwellings

     

    History and changes

    This indicator has been included in every Census basic and detailed microdata product since 2006. There have been no changes made to this variable.

    Data use considerations

    A data error has been discovered with this variable, there is a small number of people with incorrectly coded migratory, off-shore, or shipping statuses.

    The ABS does its best to have accurate Dwelling type information. However it can sometimes be difficult to determine Dwelling type for dwellings with mixed occupancy or where we were not able to make contact with the residents to confirm the type of dwelling.

    Examples of mixed occupancy

     
      Private dwelling Non-private dwelling
    Self-contained apartments Long-term private apartment accommodation Short-term hotel-style accommodation
    Aged care and retirement villages Private self-contained dwellings Communal accommodation with supported nursing care

     

    Examples of misclassified dwelling types

    Some non-private dwellings such as group homes for the disabled or convents and monasteries may not be easily identifiable as Non-private dwellings and may be treated as Private dwellings.

    There may be misclassification between Unoccupied private dwellings and out-of-scope Private dwellings; non-residential premises and construction sites may have dwellings that are not habitable but are identified as Unoccupied private dwellings.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Dwelling type (DWTD)

    Definition

    This variable classifies dwellings into the following types:

    • Private dwellings (occupied and unoccupied)
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping areas

    A dwelling is a structure which is intended to have people live in it, that is it was established for short-stay or long-stay accommodation.

    The definitions for the dwellings that make up the following categories, are described below.

    Scope

    All dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Occupied private dwellings
    2 Unoccupied private dwellings
    3 Non-private dwellings
    4 Migratory
    5 Off-shore
    6 Shipping

    Number of categories: 6

    Category definitions

    Occupied private dwellings:

    An ‘Occupied’ private dwelling is a private dwelling occupied by one or more people on Census Night. Most often this is a separate house, townhouse, apartment or flat. It can also be an occupied caravan, cabin, tent or boat. The structure of a dwelling can be identified by using the variable Dwelling structure (STRD).

    People staying in an Occupied private dwelling on Census Night are provided an online or paper Household form to complete. Household forms collect information about the people staying in the dwelling, their household family structure, and their housing (e.g. number of people and rooms).

    The variable Dwelling location (DLOD) can be used to identify occupied private dwellings within the following establishments:

    • marinas
    • manufactured home estates
    • self-contained retirement villages
    • caravan/residential parks
    • camping grounds
    Unoccupied private dwellings:

    An ‘Unoccupied’ private dwelling is most often a separate house, townhouse, apartment or flat, with no one staying there on Census Night.

    In addition to the above, these Unoccupied private dwellings are also included:

    • holiday homes (for owner’s use only or those rented out commercially)
    • huts and cabins (unless accommodation for seasonal workers’ quarters)
    • newly completed dwellings
    • habitable dwellings which are due for demolition or repair
    • dwellings to let

    Unoccupied private dwellings in caravan or residential parks (such as holiday homes, huts and cabins), and marinas and manufactured home estates are not counted in the Census. The exception to this is the residences of owners, managers or caretakers of the establishment, and unoccupied residences in self-contained retirement villages.

    Non-private dwellings (NPDs):

    NPDs provide a communal or transitory type of accommodation. These are more likely to be short-stay accommodation and are only counted if occupied on Census Night. NPDs include the following:

    • hotels and motels
    • guest houses
    • prisons
    • religious and charitable institutions
    • boarding schools
    • defence establishments
    • hospitals
    • other communal dwellings

    People in NPDs on Census Night are provided an individual Personal form to complete. Personal forms collect information about the person and their residential status within the establishment, but no information on the dwelling or household family structure. 

    Only people are counted at NPDs, not rooms, cells, units or beds. If there are long-term owners, managers or caretakers who work and live there, extra Private dwellings (PDs) are added.

    Migratory:

    People enumerated on an overnight journey by plane, train or bus cannot be allocated a dwelling type. This category exists for data processing and data querying purposes only.

    Off-shore:

    This includes dwellings which exist on off-shore oil rigs and drilling platforms.

    Shipping:

    This includes people on ‘vessels’ travelling between ports in Australian waters i.e. ships, cargo vessels, passenger liners, ocean-going passenger or car ferries and dredges. Excluded are foreign-owned cargo vessels and those bound for overseas.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is either inherited from the existing ABS Address Register (see ABS Address Register, User’s Guide) or created by Census field staff on a case by case basis. Census field staff check with some areas and establishments prior to, and after Census Night to confirm dwelling information. New dwellings may be discovered through this process and added to the the count of Census dwellings, along with any updates to dwelling types for existing addresses.

    The occupancy for the majority of dwellings in Australia is determined by the returned Census form:

    • a form with one or more people present on Census Night is set to 'occupied'
    • a form with all usual residents away on Census Night is set to 'unoccupied'.

    Dwellings from which no form is received have their occupancy determined by using a number of sources of information, including:

    • ‘not at home’ forms submitted by residents through ABS online services
    • residents who contacted the ABS with information
    • intelligence from Census field staff making follow up visits to dwellings after Census Night
    • other requests and point of contacts with dwellings.

    Where these methods cannot determine dwelling occupancy, outcomes from a newly introduced Census Occupancy Model are used.

    History and changes

    This topic has been included in every Census release.

    Since 2006:

    • This data has been collected by ABS field officers rather than as part of the Census form.
    • The Off-shore category was implemented for off-shore rigs and drilling platforms such as those off northern Australia. It also included people enumerated aboard ships in Australian waters, but since then, these people have been included as enumerated in the Shipping category.
    • Unoccupied dwellings in self-contained retirement villages have been coded to Unoccupied private dwelling.

    Data use considerations

    A data error has been discovered with this variable, there is a small number of people with incorrectly coded migratory, off-shore, or shipping statuses.

    The ABS does its best to have accurate Dwelling type information. However it can sometimes be difficult to determine Dwelling type for dwellings with mixed occupancy or where we were not able to make contact with the residents to confirm the type of dwelling.

    Dwelling Type (DWTD) does not have a non-response rate as it is sourced from the ABS Address Register or created during Census enumeration. 
     

    Examples of mixed occupancy

      Private dwelling Non-private dwelling
    Self-contained apartments Long-term private apartment accommodation Short-term hotel-style accommodation
    Aged care and retirement villages Private self-contained dwellings Communal accommodation with supported nursing care

     

    Examples of misclassified dwelling types

    Some non-private dwellings such as group homes for the disabled or convents and monasteries may not be easily identifiable as Non-private dwellings and may be treated as Private dwellings.

    There may be misclassification between Unoccupied private dwellings and out-of-scope Private dwellings; non-residential premises and construction sites may have dwellings that are not habitable but are identified as Unoccupied private dwellings.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Housing suitability (HOSD)

    Definition

    This variable is a measure of housing utilisation based on a comparison of the number of bedrooms in a dwelling with a series of household demographics, such as:

    • the number of usual residents
    • their relationship to each other
    • age
    • sex.

    The criteria are based on the Canadian National Occupancy Standard. It can be used to identify if a dwelling is either under or over utilised.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Four or more extra bedrooms needed
    02 Three extra bedrooms needed
    03 Two extra bedrooms needed
    04 One extra bedroom needed
    05 No bedrooms needed or spare
    06 One bedroom spare
    07 Two bedrooms spare
    08 Three bedrooms spare
    09 Four or more bedrooms spare
    10 Unable to determine
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 12

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Visitor only and Non-classifiable households

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male, Female, Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male or Female
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Housing suitability example - 18 March 1993, 28 years response given
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    Example

    Housing suitability example - Don't know date of birth response selected
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 1's date of birth?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?

    How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Number of bedrooms

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street?
    How many bedrooms are there at 1 Smith Street? If the dwelling is a bedsitter or studio, enter '0'. More information Include any room that is defined as a bedroom, even if it is used for a different purpose, for example, as a study, office, computer room or sewing room. Include any bedrooms created as a result of alterations and additions to the house (such as built-in verandas, extensions or cabins).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to housing and household demographic questions from the Census form. The criteria used to derive the variable are based on the Canadian National Occupancy Standard for housing appropriateness and are sensitive to both household size and composition. The measure assesses the bedroom requirements of a household by specifying that: 

    • there should be no more than two people per bedroom
    • children less than five years of age of different sexes may reasonably share a bedroom
    • children less than 18 years of age and of the same sex may reasonably share a bedroom
    • single household members 18 years and over and parents or couples should have a separate bedroom
    • a lone person household may reasonably occupy a bedsitter or studio.

    The Housing suitability variable compares the number of bedrooms required with the actual number of bedrooms in the dwelling. It can be used to analyse the under or over utilisation of dwellings and the dwelling's suitability for the resident household.

    History and changes

    The data has been available through customised data requests prior to the 2016 Census. In 2016, this variable was first reported.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    There is no single standard measure for Housing suitability. However, the Canadian National Occupancy Standard is widely used in Australia and internationally.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Landlord type (LLDD)

    Definition

    This variable records the landlord type of rented dwellings. It applies to all occupied private dwellings that are being rented, including being occupied rent free. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    Rented dwellings are classified in Tenure type (TEND).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings being rented (including being occupied rent free)

    Code Category
    10 Real estate agent
    20 State or territory housing authority
    21 Community housing provider
    31 Person not in the same household - parent/other relative
    32 Person not in the same household - other person
    40 Owner/Manager of a residential park (including caravan parks and manufactured home estates)
    51 Employer – Government (includes Defence Housing Australia)
    52 Employer – other employer
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  10

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied private dwellings with Tenure type (TEND) of owned outright, owned with a mortgage, purchased under a shared equity scheme, occupied under a life tenure scheme, other and not stated
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Landlord type example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Landlord type example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Landlord type example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Who is this dwelling being rented from?

    Who is this dwelling being rented from?
    Who is 1 Smith Street rented from? For all state/territory specific Government housing authorities, select ‘Government Housing Authority/Housing Department (Public Housing)’. Some examples of Government housing authorities are: DCJ Housing (NSW), HousingVic, Department of Housing and Public Works (Qld), Department of Communities (WA), Housing SA, Housing Tasmania, Department of Local Government, Housing and Community Development (NT), Housing ACT, Aboriginal housing authorities. Community Housing Providers are not-for-profit organisations that provide affordable rental housing to people on lower incomes. This includes housing co-operatives. • Rental type • Real estate agent • Government Housing Authority/Housing Department (Public Housing) • Community housing provider • Parent or other relative not in this dwelling • Other person not in this dwelling • Manager of a residential park (including caravan parks and manufactured home estates) • Employer – government (including Defence Housing Australia) • Employer – private

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created based on responses from the Tenure type and Landlord type questions on the Census form.

    Only one response can be given for this item. If respondents provide more than one response to this question in error, the first response is used.

    History and changes

    The question about landlord type was first asked in the 1954 Census and has been included in every subsequent Census.

    In 1971, the response categories increased to three: State Housing Authority; Employer; and Other landlord. The number of response categories continued to increase from three (from 1971 until 1991) to seven (in 1996 and 2001) and then to eight for subsequent censuses.

    For 2021, instructional text has been added for the Community housing provider category and the response order changed to place this category closer to the top. Additionally, the following categories have been amended as follows:

    2016 2021
    Code Category Code Category
    60 Housing co-operative/community/church group 21 Community housing provider
    40 Residential park (includes caravan parks and marinas) 40 Owner/manager of a residential park (includes caravan parks and manufactured home estates)
    51 Employer - Government (includes Defence Housing Authority) 51 Employer - Government (includes Defence Housing Australia) 

    Data use considerations

    Landlord type allows data to be produced for studies of the socioeconomic characteristics of different tenants. It also allows for comparisons with residents in privately owned accommodation.

    This data can be used with Dwelling structure (STRD) and Dwelling location (DLOD) to provide more context to the Landlord type.

    The non-response rate for Landlord type (LLDD) was 0.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.8% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Mortgage affordability indicator (MAID)

    Definition

    This variable allocates an in scope household to one of two categories:

    • mortgage repayments less than or equal to 30% of household income
    • mortgage repayments more than 30% of household income.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings owned with a mortgage or purchased under a shared equity scheme  

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Households where mortgage repayments are less than or equal to 30% of household income
    2 Households where mortgage repayments are more than 30% of household income
    3 Unable to be determined
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Visitor only households
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable dwellings
    • Tenure type (TEND) - Owned outright, Rented, Occupied rent-free, Occupied under a life tenure scheme, Other tenure type, Not stated, Not applicable

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries • Regular overtime • Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: • Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) • Rental properties • Other income from: • Superannuation • Child support • Dividends from shares • Interest • Workers’ compensation • Any other income sources • More information • Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries • Regular overtime • Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: • Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) • Rental properties • Other income from: • Superannuation • Child support • Dividends from shares • Interest • Workers’ compensation • Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Mortgage affordability indicator example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Mortgage affordability indicator example - occupied rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Mortgage affordability indicator example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    The Mortgage affordability indicator is calculated by dividing Mortgage repayments (MRED) by an imputed household income. Both variables are expressed as single dollar values. The calculation determines whether mortgage repayments are:

    • less than or equal to 30% of household income
    • more than 30% of household income

    The Census collects the income of each person in the household aged 15 years or over in ranges. To sum these personal income values to calculate a household income, a specific dollar amount is allocated to each person. A median dollar value for each range, derived using data from the Survey of Income and Housing, is used for this purpose. For more information about this survey see the Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide. 

    Mortgage repayments are already collected in a single dollar amount.

    Mortgage affordability indicator is coded to ‘Unable to be determined’ where:

    • Mortgage (monthly) dollar value (MRED) is Not stated
    • at least one resident aged 15 and over was either not at home on Census Night or did not state their Total personal income (INCP)
    • no residents aged 15 and over who were at home on Census Night stated their Total personal income (INCP)

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021. QuickStats will use the Mortgage affordability indicator variable, and therefore comparisons shouldn’t be made with previous Census data in QuickStats.

    In previous censuses, a measure of mortgage affordability could only be obtained from QuickStats. This measure was different from MAID as it used all occupied private dwellings whether owned outright, owned with a mortgage or rented, as the denominator population.

    MAID only applies to dwellings owned with a mortgage or purchased under a shared equity scheme, which is a more accurate representation of the population to measure mortgage affordability.

    Data use considerations

    As housing costs are usually a major component of total living costs they are often analysed in relation to income and referred to as a housing affordability ratio. However, comparisons using these measures are subject to certain limitations.

    As described above, the Census collects personal income in ranges. For this purpose, a single median value for each income range is calculated. It should also be noted that individuals may tend to understate their incomes on the Census, compared with the amounts that would be reported in surveys designed specifically to measure incomes. As a result of these limitations, the use of Census imputed incomes in the calculation of each household’s housing costs to income ratio may significantly overstate the true proportion of households with mortgage repayments greater than 30% of income.

    Mortgage repayments may be greater than 30% of income for a number of reasons, and do not necessarily indicate being in financial stress.

    • Mortgage repayments normally include both an interest component and a principal or capital component. For some analyses, repayments of principal may be considered a form of saving rather than a housing cost.
    • High mortgage repayments may reflect a choice to buy a more expensive home, for example in an area that is close to their place of employment, or a preference for a relatively high standard of housing compared with other consumption possibilities.
    • Some households choose to pay more than the minimum required payment, to pay off a mortgage faster.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Tenure type (TEND)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)
    • Mortgage repayment (monthly) (MRED)

    Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED)

    Definition

    This variable records the monthly mortgage repayments being paid by a household for the dwelling in which they were counted on Census Night. It is applicable to occupied private dwellings. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    The Census collects this information in single dollar values. For practical purposes this information is recoded to a specific number of ranges for standard Census products (such as QuickStats and Community Profiles). The ranges are listed in Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges (MRERD).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings that are owned with a mortgage (including being purchased under a shared equity scheme)

    Categories

    Code Category
    0000 - 9999 $0 to $9,999 singly
    &&&& Not stated
    @@@@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  10,002

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied private dwellings with Tenure type (TEND) of owned outright, rented, being occupied rent free, being occupied under a life tenure scheme, other and not stated
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Landlord type example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Landlord type example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Landlord type example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is derived from the Tenure type and Housing costs questions on the Census form. Household repayments data is automatically captured from numeric text responses.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values was first asked for the 1976 Census, though in some previous years this variable has been referred to as ‘Housing loan repayments (monthly)’. Since 2011, Nil repayments is recorded as $0 in Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values and as a separate category called ‘Nil repayments’ in Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges. Prior to 2011 a response of nil was coded as ‘Not Stated’.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The data in these variables is important for the analysis of home ownership and for providing benchmark data for evaluating housing needs, housing finance and housing demand.

    Processing Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values is subject to some recognition error for responses provided on paper Census forms, particularly when responses incorrectly include cents and the decimal point is missing or unclear. Some high or low values when combined with income may form unlikely combinations. While the data is subject to data assurance checks to ensure an acceptable level of quality, numeric responses are accepted as reported by the respondents on the form.

    The non-response rate for Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED) was 6.0% in 2021. This is an increase from 4.2% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges (MRERD)

    Definition

    This variable records the mortgage repayments being paid by a household in ranges. It is applicable to occupied private dwellings on Census Night. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    For practical purposes this information is recoded to a specific number of ranges for standard Census products (such as QuickStats and Community Profiles).

    The Census also collects this information in single dollar values (MRED).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings that are owned with a mortgage (including being purchased under a shared equity scheme)

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Nil repayments
    02 $1-$149
    03 $150-$299
    04 $300-$449
    05 $450-$599
    06 $600-$799
    07 $800-$999
    08 $1,000-$1,199
    09 $1,200-$1,399
    10 $1,400-$1,599
    11 $1,600-$1,799
    12 $1,800-$1,999
    13 $2,000-$2,199
    14 $2,200-$2,399
    15 $2,400-$2,599
    16 $2,600-$2,799
    17 $2,800-$2,999
    18 $3,000-$3,499
    19 $3,500-$3,999
    20 $4,000-$4,999
    21 $5,000 and over
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  23

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied private dwellings with Tenure type (TEND) of owned outright, rented, being occupied rent free, being occupied under a life tenure scheme, other and not stated
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is derived from the Tenure type and Housing costs questions on the Census form. Household repayments data is automatically captured from numeric text responses.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values was first asked for the 1976 Census, though in some previous years this variable has been referred to as ‘Housing loan repayments (monthly)’. Since 2011, Nil repayments is recorded as $0 in Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values and as a separate category called ‘Nil repayments’ in Mortgage repayments (monthly) ranges. Prior to 2011 a response of nil was coded as ‘Not Stated’.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The data in these variables is important for the analysis of home ownership and for providing benchmark data for evaluating housing needs, housing finance and housing demand.

    Processing Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values is subject to some recognition error for responses provided on paper Census forms, particularly when responses incorrectly include cents and the decimal point is missing or unclear. Some high or low values when combined with income may form unlikely combinations. While the data is subject to data assurance checks to ensure an acceptable level of quality, numeric responses are accepted as reported by the respondents on the form.

    This variable is derived from Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED). The non-response rate for Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED) was 6.0% in 2021. This is an increase from 4.2% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED)
    • Dwelling structure (STRD)
    • Household composition (HHCD)
    • Tenure type (TEND)
    • Mortgage affordability indicator (MAID)
    • Rent affordability indicator (RAID)

    Useful links

    Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD)

    Definition

    This variable classifies the Type of non-private dwelling in which people were counted on Census Night. Non-private dwellings (NPDs) are establishments which provide a communal and often short-term type of accommodation.

    'Other and non-classifiable' includes all other types of NPDs not listed, including ski lodges and youth or backpacker hostels.

    Scope

    Non-private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Hotel, motel, bed and breakfast
    02 Nurses’ quarters
    03 Staff quarters
    04 Boarding house, private hotel
    05 Boarding school
    06 Residential college, hall of residence
    07 Public hospital (not psychiatric)
    08 Private hospital (not psychiatric)
    09 Psychiatric hospital or institution
    10 Hostel for the disabled
    11 Nursing home
    12 Accommodation for the retired or aged (not self-contained)
    13 Hostel for homeless, night shelter, refuge
    14 Child care institution
    15 Corrective institution for children
    16 Other welfare institution
    17 Prison, corrective institution for adults
    18 Immigration detention centre
    19 Convent, monastery, etc
    20 Other and non-classifiable
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  22

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied and unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    The types of Non-private dwelling is sourced from the ABS Address Register. For information on how the Address Register is maintained, refer to ABS Address Register, Users' Guide.

    It is reviewed by Census enumeration management staff prior to Census Night and verified by Census Field Officers after calls or visits to the establishments. Non-private dwellings can also be created or have their details modified throughout this time.

    History and changes

    Information on the types of Non-private dwellings that people are located in on Census Night has been collected in every Census since 1911.

    Since the 2006 Census, additional response options were introduced to identify immigration detention centres, youth or backpacker hostels and ski lodges.

    Since 2016, NPD type is sourced from the ABS Address Register and is updated as needed from information collected by ABS field officers during enumeration.

    The output categories for this classification were unchanged for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Hotels (01) and private hotels (04) are categorised differently within Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD). This is mainly because of differences in length of residency, service provision, and how the hotel or private hotel classifies itself.

    ‘Accommodation for the retired or aged (not self-contained)’ (12) is accommodation where meals are provided.

    Self-contained retirement villages where the residents live independently are not classified as Non-private dwellings. These are Occupied private dwellings and can be identified by the variable Dwelling location (DLOD).

    'Other welfare institutions' (16) have increased in 2021. Address lists are sourced from state and territory governments and non-government organisations to identify accommodation for the homeless. These lists were more comprehensive in the 2021 Census than in previous censuses.

    The 2021 Census also requested tenure information from these list providers so that addresses could be more accurately classified as 'Hostels for the homeless' (13) or 'Other welfare institutions' (16). Short-term accommodation was coded as 'Hostels for the homeless' (13) while medium-term accommodation/transitional housing and long-term accommodation was coded as 'Other welfare institutions' (16). 

    The coding is based on the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) definition of Supported accommodation type that also informs the Supported Accommodation flag that indicates homelessness.

    Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD) does not have a non-response rate as it is sourced from the ABS Address Register

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Rent affordability indicator (RAID)

    Definition

    This variable allocates an in scope household to one of two categories:

    • rent payments less than or equal to 30% of household income
    • rent payments more than 30% of household income.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings being rented

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Households where rent repayments are less than or equal to 30% of household income
    2 Households where rent repayments are more than 30% of household income
    3 Unable to be determined
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  4

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Visitor only households
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable dwellings
    • Tenure type (TEND) - Owned outright, Occupied rent-free, Occupied under a life tenure scheme, Other tenure type, Not stated, Not applicable

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries • Regular overtime • Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: • Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) • Rental properties • Other income from: • Superannuation • Child support • Dividends from shares • Interest • Workers’ compensation • Any other income sources • More information • Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries • Regular overtime • Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: • Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) • Rental properties • Other income from: • Superannuation • Child support • Dividends from shares • Interest • Workers’ compensation • Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Rent affordability indicator example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Rent affordability indicator example - occupied rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Rent affordability indicator example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    The Rent affordability indicator is calculated by dividing rent payments (RNTD) by an imputed household income. Both variables are expressed as single dollar values. The calculation determines whether rent payments are:

    • less than or equal to 30% of household income
    • more than 30% of household income

    The Census collects the income of each person in the household aged 15 years or over in ranges. To sum these personal income values to calculate a household income, a specific dollar amount is allocated to each person. A median dollar value for each range, derived using data from the Survey of Income and Housing, is used for this purpose. For more information about this survey see the Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide.

    Rent payments are already collected in a single dollar amount.

    Rent affordability indicator is coded to ‘Unable to be determined’ where:

    • Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD) is Not stated
    • at least one resident aged 15 and over was either not at home on Census Night or did not state their Total personal income (INCP)
    • no residents aged 15 and over who were at home on Census Night stated their Total personal income (INCP)

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021. QuickStats will use the Rent affordability indicator (RAID) variable, and therefore comparisons shouldn’t be made with previous Census data in QuickStats.

    In previous censuses, a measure of rental affordability could only be obtained from QuickStats. This measure was different from RAID as it used all occupied private dwellings whether owned outright, owned with a mortgage or rented, as the denominator population.

    RAID only applies to dwellings being rented, which is a more accurate representation of the population to measure rental affordability.

    Data use considerations

    As housing costs are usually a major component of total living costs they are often analysed in relation to income, and referred to as a housing affordability ratio. However, comparisons using these measures are subject to certain limitations. As described above, the Census collects personal income in ranges. For this purpose, a single median value for each income range is calculated. It should also be noted that individuals may tend to understate their incomes on the Census, compared with the amounts that would be reported in surveys designed specifically to measure incomes. As a result of these limitations, the use of Census imputed incomes in the calculation of each household’s housing costs to income ratio may significantly overstate the true proportion of households with rent payments greater than 30% of income.

    Households are often reimbursed some of their housing costs, but these reimbursements may not be offset in housing costs reported in the Census but included instead in income. Employer subsidies and Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) are examples where the housing costs to income ratio is significantly affected by the default treatment of these amounts in Census reporting. This is particularly important when comparing ratios for households in public housing with those who are in receipt of CRA.

    Rent payments greater than 30% of income may not necessarily indicate that a household is in financial stress.

    • Some households may choose to live in an area with high property values because it is close to their place of employment or they prefer a relatively high standard of housing compared with other consumption possibilities.
    • Higher income households may be able to spend more of their income on housing without this affecting their ability to pay for other costs of living. Lower income households may have less choice and capacity in this regard. For this reason, housing affordability ratios, such as this, are usually limited to lower income households.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)
    • Tenure type (TEND)
    • Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD)

    Residential status in a non-private dwelling (RLNP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the residential status of each person in a non-private dwelling. It records whether people enumerated in non-private dwellings (such as motels, hospitals and colleges) are staying there as:

    • members of staff of the accommodation (e.g. owner, proprietor, porter, cook, teacher, warden, family of owner or family of staff)
    • residents
    • guests
    • patients
    • inmates.

    Housing and family relationship information is not available for people in non-private dwellings because they are counted using Personal forms.

    Scope

    All persons in a non-private dwelling on Census Night

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Owner, proprietor, staff and family
    2 Guest, patient, inmate, other resident
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons in occupied private dwellings
    • Persons in migratory, off-shore or shipping SA1s

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s residential status in this dwelling?

    What is the person’s residential status in this dwelling?
    What is Person 1's residential status in this dwelling? For a person staying in accommodation such as a hotel, hostel, boarding house, hospital, nursing home, or staff or student quarters on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021, select one of the following: More information Guest Patient Inmate Resident Owner, proprietor or manager Staff (e.g. porter, cook, teacher, warden) Family of owner, proprietor, manager or staff Other

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s residential status in this dwelling?
    What is Person 1's residential status in this dwelling? For a person staying in accommodation such as a hotel, hostel, boarding house, hospital, nursing home, or staff or student quarters on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021, select one of the following: More information This question is asked of people who spent Census night in a non-private dwelling (e.g. at hotels, hostels and nursing homes, religious and charitable institutions, boarding schools, defence establishments, hospitals and other communal dwellings). Where a non-private dwelling is for staff accommodation, only those people operating the staff accommodation should report as an owner, proprietor, staff or family. Those people who are not operating the accommodation (e.g. nurses, miners) should select 'Resident'. Please select the option that most closely applies to the person.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is collected through the Census Personal form. Data is captured from the Residential status in this dwelling question, and responses are captured in 8 separate mark box responses. These responses are then grouped into two output categories.

    History and changes

    A question on status in a non-private dwelling was first asked in the 1976 Census and has been asked for every Census since then.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Residential status in a non-private dwelling is only applicable to persons who were in a non-private dwelling on Census Night and were enumerated on a Census Personal form.

    The non-response rate for Residential status in a non-private dwelling (RLNP) was 42.0% in 2021. This is an increase from 27.6% in 2016. Non-response is generally higher for persons who were staying at a non-private dwelling on Census Night than those counted in an occupied private dwelling.

    The higher percentage of non-response may be related to COVID-19, the uptake of the online form and the introduction of a new pathway to complete a Census form without receiving Census material in the mail. COVID-19 related restrictions limited the ability to enumerate non-private dwellings using the Personal Form. Additionally, some people staying in non-private dwellings accessed the Household form rather than the Personal form using the new pathway to the Census website. The Household form does not capture details on NPD type and Residential status that are collected on Personal Forms.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD)

    Definition

    This variable records the individual dollar amounts of rent paid by households on a weekly basis for the dwelling in which they were counted on Census Night. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.  

    In standard Census products (Quickstats, Community profiles), ranges are used rather than individual dollar amounts. The ranges are listed in Rent (weekly) ranges (RNTRD).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings being rented

    Categories

    Code Category
    0001-9999 $1 to $9,999 singly
    &&&& Not stated
    @@@@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  10,001

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied private dwellings with Tenure type (TEND) of Owned outright, Owned with a mortgage, Being purchased under a shared equity scheme, Being occupied under a life tenure scheme, Occupied rent free, Other and Not stated
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Rent (weekly) dollar values example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Rent (weekly) dollar values example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Rent (weekly) dollar values example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Tenure type and Household payments questions on the Census form.

    Household payments data is automatically captured from numeric text responses. If rental payment responses are reported as a fortnightly or monthly figure they are derived to a weekly figure. Responses to the tenure type question are used to determine whether payments are recorded as rent or mortgage repayments.

    History and changes

    Information on how much rent is paid for a private dwelling has been collected for all censuses since 1911.

    Since the 1996 Census, the actual dollar amount paid for a dwelling has been collected rather than the range.

    In 2021, the applicability has changed so that dwellings with the Tenure type of 'Occupied rent free' are included in the Not applicable category. Consequently $0 (category 0000) has been removed.

    Data use considerations

    The Census is the only source of rent data for small areas and for small groups of the population. Such data is important for housing policy and planning, and for studying the housing conditions of small populations.

    Processing Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD) is subject to some recognition error for responses provided on paper Census forms, particularly when responses incorrectly include cents and the decimal point is missing or unclear. While the data is subject to data assurance checks to ensure an acceptable level of quality, numeric responses are accepted as reported by respondents on the form.

    The non-response rate for Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD) was 3.9% in 2021. This is an increase from 3.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Rent (weekly) ranges (RNTRD)

    Definition

    This variable records the rent paid for a dwelling on a weekly basis in ranges. It is applicable to the dwelling the household was counted in on Census Night. A private dwelling is defined in Dwelling structure (STRD) and can include caravans in caravan parks, occupied tents, and houseboats.

    This data is output in standard Census products (QuickStats, Community profiles) in ranges.

    Rent is also captured in individual dollar amounts in Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD).

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings being rented

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 $1 - $74
    02 $75 - $99
    03 $100 - $124
    04 $125 - $149
    05 $150 - $174
    06 $175 - $199
    07 $200 - $224
    08 $225 - $249
    09 $250 - $274
    10 $275 - $299
    11 $300 - $324
    12 $325 - $349
    13 $350 - $374
    14 $375 - $399
    15 $400 - $424
    16 $425 - $449
    17 $450 - $474
    18 $475 - $499
    19 $500 - $524
    20 $525 - $549
    21 $550 - $649
    22 $650 - $749
    23 $750 - $849
    24 $850 - $949
    25 $950 and over
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  27

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Occupied private dwellings with Tenure type (TEND) of Owned outright, Owned with a mortgage, Being purchased under a rent/buy scheme, Being occupied under a life tenure scheme, Occupied rent free, Other and Not stated
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Rent (weekly) ranges example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Rent (weekly) ranges example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Rent (weekly) ranges example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?

    How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information Total dwelling payments $ .00 per week OR $ .00 per fortnight OR $ .00 per month OR $0 or Nil payments

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How much does your household pay for this dwelling?
    How much does the household pay for 1 Smith Street? Include rent and mortgage repayments and site fees if the dwelling is a caravan or manufactured home in a caravan park or manufactured home estate. Exclude water rates, council rates, repairs, maintenance, body corporate and other fees. If no payments, please select '$0 or Nil payments'. More information If exact amount is not known, please provide your best estimate.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Tenure type and Household payments questions on the Census form.

    Household payments data is automatically captured from numeric text responses. If rental payment responses are reported as a fortnightly or monthly figure they are derived to a weekly figure. Responses to the Tenure type question are used to determine whether payments are recorded as rent or mortgage repayments.

    History and changes

    Information on how much rent is paid for a private dwelling has been collected for all censuses since 1911.

    Since the 1996 Census, the actual dollar amount paid for a dwelling has been collected rather than the range.

    In 2021, the output categories for the dollar ranges have been revised. Category 18 splits into four $25 intervals (categories 18-21), increasing the number of categories from 25 in 2016 to 27 in 2021. The applicability has changed so that now dwellings with the Tenure type of 'Occupied rent free' are included in the Not applicable category and the 01 category starts at $1.

    Data use considerations

    The Census is the only source of rent data for small areas and for small groups of the population. Such data is important for housing policy and planning, and for studying the housing conditions of small populations.

    Processing Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD) is subject to some recognition error for responses provided on paper Census forms, particularly when responses incorrectly include cents and the decimal point is missing or unclear. While the data is subject to data assurance checks to ensure an acceptable level of quality, numeric responses are accepted as reported by respondents on the form.

    This variable is derived from Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD). The non-response rate for Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD) was 3.9% in 2021. This is an increase from 3.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Rent (weekly) dollar values (RNTD)
    • Tenure type (TEND)
    • Mortgage repayments (monthly) dollar values (MRED)

    Useful links

    Dwelling structure (STRD)

    Definition

    This variable records the structure of private dwellings.

    Scope

    Private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    11 Separate house
    21 Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc. with one storey
    22 Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc. with two or more storeys
    31 Flat or apartment in a one or two storey block
    32 Flat or apartment in a three storey block
    33 Flat or apartment in a four to eight storey block
    34 Flat or apartment in a nine or more storey block
    35 Flat or apartment attached to a house
    91 Caravan
    92 Cabin, houseboat
    93 Improvised home, tent, sleepers out
    94 House or flat attached to a shop, office, etc.
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  14

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1

    Category definitions

    Separate house
    • Is structurally independent from surrounding dwellings.
    • May have a flat attached to it, such as a granny flat or converted garage (the flat is categorised under Flat or apartment - see below).
    • The number of storeys of separate houses is not recorded.
    • Dwellings in manufactured home estate.
    Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse, etc. with one, two or more storeys
    • Have their own private grounds.
    • No other dwelling above or below them.
    • They are attached in some structural way to one or more neighbouring dwellings.
    Flat or apartment
    • Dwellings in blocks of flats or apartments.
    • Do not have their own private grounds.
    • Usually share a common entrance foyer or stairwell.
    • Flats attached to houses such as granny flats, and houses converted into two or more flats.
    Caravan
    • Includes all occupied caravans, regardless of where they are located. Occupied campervans are also included. For further detailed information see Caravans in this glossary.
    Cabins and houseboats
    • This includes all occupied cabins and houseboats.
    • Cabins are self-contained and not intended for long-term residential use. This includes occupied cabins located in residential parks or set up as temporary accommodation.
    • A houseboat is an occupied mobile dwelling (intended for use on water). It is not typically intended for long-term use, although it could be currently used on a permanent or semi-permanent basis.
    • Occupied houseboats are treated as occupied private dwellings regardless of location.
    • Separate houses in caravan or residential parks or marinas occupied by managers or caretakers are not included in this category.
    Improvised home, tent, sleepers-out
    • These include sheds, tents, humpies and other improvised dwellings that were occupied on Census night.
    • This category includes people sleeping-out, including those sleeping on the streets, in abandoned buildings, under bridges or in cars.
    House or flat attached to a shop, office, etc.
    • A house or flat attached to a shop, office, factory or any other non-residential structure is included in this category.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    Initially, this data is sourced from the ABS Address Register. For more details, refer to the ABS Address Register, Users' Guide.

    In some cases the Dwelling structure is updated after information is returned from ABS field officers during their visits to dwellings.

    New dwellings added by Census staff can have their Dwelling structure added by the field officer or imputed from the surrounding dwellings during processing.

    Depending on Dwelling structure type and the method by which the Address Register is updated, the private dwelling’s structure can be derived from the Address Register (with Building Approvals data also assisting in some cases) or information obtained by Census field officers. Structure for Non-private dwellings (NPDs) are set to ‘not applicable’.

    Certain types of dwelling structures, such as 'Improvised homes, tent, sleepers-out' are given particular attention during data processing to quality assure the homeless population.

    History and changes

    Some information on the structure of Private dwellings has been collected for all censuses since 1911, though the specific types of classification used have varied significantly.

    Cabins and Houseboats

    Prior to the 1986 Census, occupied craft in marinas were treated as Non-private dwellings, however occupied houseboats and occupied small boats are now treated as Occupied private dwellings.

    Collection methods before 2016

    From 1976 to 2011, the information on Dwelling structure was collected by Census Field Officers in the Collector Record Book at the time the Census forms were delivered instead of being on the Census form.

    In 2016 there was a change in the way the data was collected. It was initially recorded by ABS Address Canvassing Officers in the lead up to the Census, as part of establishing the Address Register as a mail-out frame for designated areas (93% of Australian addresses). In areas enumerated using the traditional approach of delivering forms, the information was collected by ABS Field Officers during the Census collection period. Location of private dwelling data was also updated as required by ABS Field Officers during the Census enumeration period. Dwellings in remote areas continue to have their structure collected solely by field officers.

    In 2021, the Address Register is considered the main source of Dwelling location data, and real-world frame amendments are made when appropriate, by Field and Office staff.

    Categories

    For the 2016 Census, there was a change to one of the response categories for this variable. The previous category of 'Caravan, cabin or houseboat' was separated into two categories:

    • Caravan
    • Cabin, houseboat

    In 2021, there has been further disaggregation of the flat/apartment categories to align with different building rules in place for buildings with a height greater than 25 metres and to meet increasing stakeholder demand for more data about high rise apartment buildings. The previous category ‘In a four or more storey block’ is separated into two categories:

    • In a four to eight storey block
    • In a nine or more storey block
    Separate house and semi-detached definitions

    For the 2021 Census, there is a change to the half a metre rule that had previously distinguished separate houses from semi-detached dwellings. The new definition is purely structural in which a separate house (constructed in the last 20 years) must be structurally independent, regardless of separation from adjacent dwellings. This change aligns with the way structure data is provided for the Building Approvals collection. See Housing variables for more information.

    Missing dwelling structure

    For the 2021 Census, addresses that do not have Dwelling structure recorded from observation or by the ABS address register can have the information populated by imputation.

    Data use considerations

    Data on Dwelling structure is used to monitor changes in housing characteristics, to help formulate housing policies and to review existing housing stock.

    Minor inconsistencies in Dwelling structure counts may exist between censuses due to updated information on structure to the ABS Address Register and the subjective interpretation of structural definitions between individual Field Officers.

    Although a review has been conducted to update Dwelling structure in light of changes to the half a metre rule for buildings constructed in the last 20 years, some older dwellings may still reflect the old definition.

    Flats attached to houses are at a high risk of being missed as they are hard to identify, this is also the case for flats above shops.

    The non-response rate for Dwelling structure (STRD) was 0.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 0.5% in 2016.

    Non-response for this variable was largely caused by previously unidentified dwellings being added to the census frame. This can occur when a member of the public submits their form online for an address that is not on the ABS Address Register or contacts the Census Inquiry Service. This results in dwelling structure not being recorded and is therefore left as a not stated response. 

    Dwellings with no dwelling structure coded went through an imputation process to try and assign a structure code based on surrounding dwellings. Where a structure was unable to be assigned, the dwelling structure remained as not stated. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Tenure type (TEND)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a dwelling is owned, being purchased or rented.

    The tenure category 'Being purchased under a shared equity scheme' refers to households who are purchasing less than 100% equity in the dwelling, and may or may not be paying rent for the remainder. 

    ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme' refers to households or individuals who have a 'life tenure' contract to live in the dwelling but usually have little or no equity in the dwelling. This is a common arrangement in retirement villages.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Owned outright
    2 Owned with a mortgage
    3 Purchased under a shared equity scheme
    4 Rented
    5 Occupied rent free
    6 Occupied under a life tenure scheme
    7 Other
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Tenure type example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Tenure type example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Tenure type example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the Tenure type question on the Census form which asks if the dwelling is owned, being purchased or being rented.

    Respondents are asked to only mark one response. Where a respondent provides more than one response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra responses are rejected.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Tenure type (TEND) was first asked for the 1911 Census. From 1976 to 1991, nature of occupancy data was derived from mortgage and rent questions. For all other censuses a direct question on nature of occupancy was included.

    Since 2006, the question on tenure type has changed to remain consistent with the current ABS statistical standard for tenure type. It captures the difference between owners with and without a mortgage. Prior to this it differentiated whether a dwelling was owned outright or being purchased.

    For 2021, minor changes were made to category labels.

    Data use considerations

    There are no known data use considerations at this time.

    The non-response rate for Tenure type (TEND) was 5.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.7% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Tenure and landlord type (TENLLD)

    Definition

    This variable combines Tenure type (TEND) and Landlord type (LLDD) to provide more detailed information for rented dwellings.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Owned outright
    2 Owned with a mortgage
    3 Rented:  Real estate agent
    4 Rented:  State or territory housing authority
    5 Rented:  Community housing provider
    6 Rented:  Person not in same household
    7 Rented:  Other landlord type
    8 Rented:  Landlord type not stated
    9 Other tenure type
    & Tenure type not stated
    @ Tenure type not applicable

    Number of categories:  11

    • Other tenure type includes dwellings being occupied rent free and dwellings being occupied under a life tenure scheme
    • Owned with a mortgage includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is this dwelling: (please open this section to view response categories)

    Is this dwelling:
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. • Dwelling ownership • Owned outright • Owned with a mortgage • Purchased under a shared equity scheme • Rented • Occupied rent free • Occupied under a life tenure scheme • Other

    Example

    Tenure and landlord type example - owned outright response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright (selected response) Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other Rent arrangements These questions do not apply, based on your answer to the previous question.

    Example

    Tenure and landlord type example - rent free response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented Occupied rent free (selected response) Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Example

    Tenure and landlord type example - rented response selected
    Is the dwelling at 1 Smith Street: Include owners of caravans, manufactured homes or houseboats in ‘Owned with a mortgage’ or ‘Owned outright’ regardless of whether or not the site is owned. A shared equity scheme is a government or not-for-profit scheme - assisting people on lower incomes to buy a home by sharing up to 30% of the ownership. Life tenure schemes are a common arrangement in retirement villages. Include leaseholds, and loan and license agreements in ‘Occupied under a life tenure scheme’. Dwelling ownership Owned outright Owned with a mortgage Purchased under a shared equity scheme Rented (selected response) Occupied rent free Occupied under a life tenure scheme Other

    Who is this dwelling being rented from?

    Who is this dwelling being rented from?
    Who is 1 Smith Street rented from? For all state/territory specific Government housing authorities, select ‘Government Housing Authority/Housing Department (Public Housing)’. Some examples of Government housing authorities are: DCJ Housing (NSW), HousingVic, Department of Housing and Public Works (Qld), Department of Communities (WA), Housing SA, Housing Tasmania, Department of Local Government, Housing and Community Development (NT), Housing ACT, Aboriginal housing authorities. Community Housing Providers are not-for-profit organisations that provide affordable rental housing to people on lower incomes. This includes housing co-operatives. • Rental type • Real estate agent • Government Housing Authority/Housing Department (Public Housing) • Community housing provider • Parent or other relative not in this dwelling • Other person not in this dwelling • Manager of a residential park (including caravan parks and manufactured home estates) • Employer – government (including Defence Housing Australia) • Employer – private

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to the Tenure type and Landlord type questions on the Census form.

    History and changes

    The Tenure and landlord type (TENLLD) combined variable was first available for use during the 2011 Census. Prior to this, data was obtained by manually combining the Tenure type (TEND) and Landlord type (LLDD) variables.

    For 2021, the category ‘Rented: Housing co-operative, community or church group’ has been reworded to ‘Rented: Community housing provider’, and it has been repositioned to category 5, moving the category ‘Rented: Person not in same household’ to category 6.

    ‘Other tenure type’ has been rescoped for 2021 to include houses being occupied rent free, which in previous censuses have been covered by the rented categories (4-8), to align with the ABS Standard for Tenure Type.

    Data use considerations

    'Other tenure type' includes dwellings occupied under a life tenure scheme and dwellings occupied rent free. 'Owned with a mortgage' includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme (termed a rent/buy scheme in 2011).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Homelessness operational groups (OPGP)

    Definition

    This variable records the operational group of persons estimated to be homeless or marginally housed on Census Night.

    Scope

    All persons who are estimated to be homeless or marginally housed

    Categories

    Code Category
    Homelessness operational groups
    1 Persons living in improvised dwellings, tents or sleeping out
    2 Persons in supported accommodation for the homeless
    3 Persons staying temporarily with other households
    4 Persons living in boarding houses
    5 Persons in other temporary lodgings
    6 Persons living in ‘severely’ crowded dwellings
    Other marginal housing groups
    7 Persons living in other crowded dwellings
    8 Persons in other improvised dwellings
    9 Persons who are marginally housed in caravan parks
    Not applicable
    @ Not Applicable

    Number of categories: 10

    Not applicable comprises:

    • Persons who were not estimated to be homeless or marginally housed on Census Night

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does Person 1 usually live?  For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'.  For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more. For people who have no fixed or return address, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box.  For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the school or college.
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    The homelessness enumeration strategy uses support from service providers and a range of Census forms to capture the data. Rough sleepers were captured using the Special short form. Couch surfers and other people in temporary lodgings were captured using the Census Household form and were instructed to respond 'none' to the usual address question. Some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander discrete communities were captured using the Interviewer household form.

    How this variable is created

    Homelessness is not a characteristic that is directly measured in the Census. Estimates of the homeless population are derived from the Census using analytical techniques, based on both the characteristics observed in the Census and assumptions about the way people may respond to Census questions.

    The categories listed under Homeless operational groups (categories 1-6) can be summed to form a Total estimate of homelessness.

    The categories listed under Other marginal housing groups (categories 7-9) are considered to be ‘Marginally housed’. This means that the living arrangements are close to the statistical boundary of homelessness and the person may be at risk of homelessness. Other types of marginal housing, such as housing with major structural problems or where residents are in constant threat of violence, cannot be obtained from the Census and are therefore not included.

    While these categories will overlap in a small number of circumstances, people are only assigned to one category to avoid double counting. This is done by only including them in the group that is the highest on the hierarchy. For example, a person in supported accommodation for the homeless may also be living in 'severely' crowded dwellings, but the person will only be coded to the category 2 Persons in supported accommodation for the homeless. This category is higher on the hierarchy than category 6 Persons living in 'severely' crowded dwellings'.

    History and changes

    There is a long history of collecting information relevant to identifying homeless people in the Census.

    1933-1991:

    • in the 1933 and 1947 Censuses, a question was asked for the ‘number of persons (if any) who slept out throughout the year on verandahs (not enclosed sleep-outs)'
    • in 1986, a dwelling structure category ‘Improvised dwelling’ was provided on the form for the Census collector to mark
    • in 1991 ‘Improvised dwelling’ was changed to ‘Improvised home, campers out’. There was no distinction between homeless people and those who were camping (such as on holiday)
    • in 1976 to 1991, collectors were instructed to seek out all people camping or sleeping and to provide a Household form. This was done by visiting ‘any places in your Collection District on Census Night where it is likely that persons may be sleeping out e.g. camping areas, park benches, derelict building etc.'

    1996

    For the first time there was a special targeted strategy for the homeless population. The strategy aimed to maximise the coverage of the population and to provide information to policy makers and services providers. This information included the number and characteristics of people experiencing homelessness.

    1996-2006

    Experimental estimates of homelessness were published for the 1996, 2001 and 2006 Censuses based on a ‘cultural’ understanding of homelessness that distinguished between primary, secondary and tertiary homelessness.

    2012

    The statistical definition was first developed in 2012. The first official estimates of prevalence of homelessness were published in 2012 using data from 2011 and back-cast to the 2001 Census. Estimated since have been produced on this definitional basis. 

    No changes have been made for 2021. 

    Data use considerations

    The ABS statistical definition of homelessness is:

    When a person does not have suitable accommodation alternatives, they are considered homeless if their current living arrangement: 

    • is in a dwelling that is inadequate
    • has no tenure, or if their initial tenure is short and not extendable
    • does not allow them to have control of, and access to, space for social relations.

    The definition has been constructed from a conceptual framework centred around the following elements:

    • adequacy of the dwelling
    • security of tenure in the dwelling
    • control of, and access to, space for social relations.

    People must lack one or more of these elements to be defined as homeless. However, people who lack one or more of these elements may not necessarily be classified as homeless if they are living in special circumstances (for example, in hospitals, prisons, student halls or religious orders). While homelessness is not a choice, some people may choose to live in situations that might parallel the living situations of people who are homeless. For example, people may be living in a shed while building a home on their own property, or on holiday travelling and staying with friends. These people have choice because they have the capacity to access other accommodation that is safe, adequate and provides for social relations. Having access to accommodation alternatives is contingent on having the financial, physical, psychological and personal means to access these alternatives. For more information, see Information Paper - A Statistical Definition of Homelessness.

    The homeless and marginally housed categories represent an operationalisation of this definition of homelessness within the limits of the data collected in the Census.

    To calculate the total homeless population, use only the Homeless Operational categories 1 to 6.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is derived from responses to the Census.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Income and work

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    CDPP Community Development Program participation October 2022
    EMPP Number of employees October 2022
    FGAF Main type of family government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
    FIAASF Total family income as available (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
    FIDF Family income derivation indicator June 2022
    FINASF Total family income as stated (weekly) June 2022
    FINAF Total family income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
    FINF Total family income (weekly) June 2022
    FSAF Main source of family income (administrative data) April 2023 New
    GNGP Public/private sector October 2022
    HGAD Main type of household government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
    HIAASD Total household income as available (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
    HIDD Household income derivation indicator June 2022
    HIED Equivalised total household income (weekly) June 2022
    HINAD Total household income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
    HINASD Total household income as stated (weekly) June 2022
    HIND Total household income (weekly) June 2022
    HRSP Hours worked October 2022
    HRWRP Hours worked (ranges)  October 2022
    HSAD Main source of household income (administrative data) April 2023 New
    IGAP Main type of personal government benefit payment (administrative data) April 2023 New
    INCAP Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) April 2023 New
    INCP Total personal income (weekly) June 2022
    INDP Industry of employment October 2022
    ISAP Main source of personal income (administrative data) April 2023 New
    LFHRP Labour force status and hours worked not stated October 2022
    LFSF Labour force status of parents/partners in families October 2022
    LFSP Labour force status October 2022
    OCCP Occupation October 2022
    OCCEV1P Occupation experimental update version 1 October 2022 New
    OCSKP Occupation skill level October 2022 New
    OCSKEV1P Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 October 2022 New
    SIEMP Status in employment October 2022

    Total family income as available (administrative data) (weekly) (FIAASF)

    Definition

    This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each family member aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census night. This includes families where one or more family members did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night.  

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Two-digit level (annual income ranges are displayed within brackets)
    CodeCategory
    01Negative income  
    02Nil income  
    03$1-$149 ($1-$7,799) 
    04$150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599) 
    05$300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799) 
    06$400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999) 
    07$500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799) 
    08$650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599) 
    09$800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999) 
    10$1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999) 
    11$1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999) 
    12$1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999) 
    13$1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999) 
    14$2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999) 
    15$2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999) 
    16$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999) 
    17$3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999) 
    18$4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999) 
    19$4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999) 
    20$5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999) 
    21$6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999) 
    22$8,000-$9,999 ($416,000-$519,999) 
    23$10,000 or more ($520,000 or more) 
    99Admin not available 
    @@Not applicable 
    Four-digit level
    CodeCategory
    0001Negative income  
    0002Nil income  
    0003$1-$9  
    0004 - 1002$10-$19 to $9,990-$9,999 in ten-dollar ranges 
    1003$10,000 or more 
    9999Admin not available 
    @@@@Not applicable 

    Number of categories:   

    • Two-digit level: 25 
    • Four-digit level: 1005   

    Admin not available (99, 9999) category comprises: 

    • Families where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the family did not have any administrative income information available   

    Not applicable (@@, @@@@) category comprises: 

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households 
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Non-private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s  

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) data asset to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated by summing the personal incomes recorded in administrative data for all family members aged 15 years and over.  

    The income ranges for this variable include families where one or more members aged 15 years and over was not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have income information available in administrative data; or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. In the variable Total family income (administrative data) (weekly) (FINAF), these families were excluded from the family income calculation and coded to the category 'Partial incomes available'. 

    Families where no family member aged 15 and over was able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have administrative income information available are set to 'Admin not available'. 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the Census income data collected via the Census form. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question.  

    Comparison to Census income data 

    Although this variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the income data collected via the Census form, there are differences to consider. 

    Method to calculate family income 

    The personal incomes used to create this variable were recorded to the nearest dollar. The Census question, on the other hand, collects personal income in ranges, then a median-based approximation is used to calculate family income. 

    Unlike data collected via the Census form, this variable does not rely on people correctly recalling the income that they, and other household members, usually earn.  

    Comparisons to other family data 

    This variable should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Community Development Program participation (CDPP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person participated in the Community Development Program (CDP). 

    In the Census, the question on whether the person participated in the CDP is only included on the Interviewer household form. Interviewer household forms are designed specifically for use in discrete Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

    The CDP is a government initiative that aims to improve the economic and social well-being of remote communities. It assists job seekers in remote areas to gain skills, training, and capabilities to find:

    • sustainable employment
    • contribute to their communities through a range of flexible activities

    CDP participants receive income support payments and are not considered to be in an employer/employee relationship with their provider. People who are only participating in this program are not considered to be employed unless they also have a non-CDP job. CDP participants who are not employed are classified as either unemployed or not in the labour force, depending on their job search activities.

    A similar program, Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) was present in 2011, which was then reformed into the Remote Jobs and Communities Program (RJCP). From 1 July 2015, RJCP was replaced by the CDP.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over who responded on an Interviewer household form

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Participant in the Community Development Program
    2 Not a participant in the Community Development Program
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  5

    Not stated (&) category comprises:

    • Persons who did not have a job and did not state on the Interviewer household form if they participated in the Community Development Program
    • Persons who did not respond to the labour force question on the Interviewer household form

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons not counted on an Interviewer household form
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a paid job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a paid job of any kind?
    Last week, did the person have a paid job of any kind? • Answer for the main job only. The main job is the job in which the person works the most hours. • A paid job means any type of paid work if it was for one hour or more. • If the person was off work because of holidays, sick leave, ceremony or cultural activities, then mark the appropriate ‘Yes’ box for their main job. • If the person had a job last week in the Community Development Program, mark the ‘Yes, CDP job’ box. Yes, CDP job > Go to 45 Yes, job not CDP > Go to 45 Yes, worked in own business > Go to 43 No, did not have a job > Go to 45

    How this variable is created

    Community Development Program (CDP) participation is derived from mark boxes to indicate the responses to this question on the Interviewer household form.

    It is a multi-mark question, and the following multi-mark rules apply:

    • If a respondent answered they had a CDP job as well as a non-CDP job, the non-CDP job has precedence over the CDP job and they are classified as 'Not a participant in the Community Development Program' (note that this does not relate to CDP participation rules).
    • If there is not enough information to determine whether the respondent was a CDP participant or not, they are classified as 'Not stated'. For example, if 'No, did not have a job' was the only response marked.
    • The derivation rules for classifying an applicable person (15 years and over who responded using Interviewer household form) are summarised in the table below.

    CDPP categories and the corresponding responses on the Interviewer household form

    CDPP categories Interviewer household form responses to question

    Participant in the Community Development Program

    ‘Yes, CDP job’ only
    ‘Yes, CDP job’ and ‘No, did not have a job’

    Not a participant in the Community Development Program

    'Yes, job not CDP'
    'Yes, job not CDP' and/or 'Yes, worked in own business'
    'Yes, job not CDP' and/or 'Yes, worked in own business' and/or 'Yes, CDP job'

    Not stated

    Did not provide a response at all to the question or responded as 'No, did not have a job' but did not provide an answer to subsequent questions.

    Not applicable

    Persons not counted on an Interviewer household form
    Persons aged under 15 years

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2016. It replaced the following programs:

    • 2015 – Remote Jobs and Communities Program (RJCP)
    • 2011 – Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP)

    No changes have been made for 2021.          

    Data use considerations

    Care should be taken in the use of this variable. The Community Development Program (CDP) involves a broader range of activities than would be captured from the question on the Interviewer household form. The question asked is aimed at identifying participation in a CDP job rather than measuring all CDP participation. This is for the purpose of deriving Labour force status (LFSP).

    Participation in the CDP is only captured on the Interviewer household form and not across all form types used in the Census. People counted on forms other than the Interviewer household form will not have the option to indicate if they participated in the CDP.

    If comparing 2016 Community Development Program participation (CDPP) data with 2011 Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) data, users should be aware that these are two different programs even though to some extent they cover the same applicable population. Payment arrangements for participants changed, which changed the nature of their labour force status.

    • In 2011, people who participated in CDEP received wages from their community. They were considered as having an employer/employee relationship and were classified as employed in the 2011 Census.
    • In 2016 and 2021, people who participated in CDP received income support payments directly from the government and were not considered to be in an employer/employee relationship with their provider. They were classified as not employed unless they had a non-CDP job.

    This difference in the classification of people participating in these different programs since 2011 may contribute to changes in comparisons over time of labour force (employment and unemployment) numbers in discrete Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

    As part of the 2021-22 Budget, the Australian government announced a new remote jobs program commencing in 2023 which will replace the CDP. Pilot programs will begin by the end of 2021. Since May 2021, job seekers are able to participate in some CDP activities on a voluntary basis but will continue to have compulsory requirements like attending appointments with service providers or looking for work.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Number of employees (EMPP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of employees (in ranges) employed by owner managers (excluding the owner managers themselves).

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over, who are owner managers of incorporated or unincorporated enterprises

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Nil employees
    2 1-19 employees
    3 20 or more employees
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Employees
    • Contributing family workers
    • Unemployed persons
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour Force Status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons with Status in Employment (SIEMP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years      

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Does the person’s business employ people?

    Does the person’s business employ people?
    Does Person 1's business employ people? Exclude owner/s of the business. More information Person's business size No, no employees (other than owner/s) Yes, 1 - 19 employees Yes, 20 or more employees

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person’s business employ people?
    Does Person 1's business employ people? Exclude owner/s of the business. More information Select the number of people employed in the person's business (on an ongoing basis) as at Census night (excluding the owner/s of the business). Exclude contractors, sub-contractors and intermittent casuals (on call, but do not have regular shifts).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created based on the response to the question of whether the respondent’s business employs people. In cases where more than one response is marked, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra responses are deleted.

    History and changes

    The question relating to number of employees was first asked in the 2006 Census and has been asked in each Census since then.

    For the 2016 Census a change was made to the question to indicate that the owner should exclude themselves from the count of people they employ. Also, in 2016, the number of employees question was asked for the first time on the Interviewer Household Form. This form type is primarily used in discrete Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities across Australia.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The number of employees employed in a business is used to help understand:

    • Whether the business employs people who are not owners.
    • The nature of self-employment (whether working on own account, or as an employer).
    • The characteristics of small business owners.

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Number of employees (EMPP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a Status of Employment as owner/managers of incorporated and unincorporated enterprises. Persons who did not respond, and are imputed, have a Status of Employment of 'not stated' and fall into the 'not applicable' category for Number of employees. For more information, see Census Methodology

    The non-response rate for Number of employees (EMPP) was 0.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.2% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Family income derivation indicator (FIDF)

    Definition

    This variable identifies families where one or more family members were temporarily absent, did not state their income or stated a negative income. It can be used to estimate the impact on total family income caused by negative or no income or where people were absent from the household on Census Night.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    No members aged 15 years and over temporarily absent
    All incomes stated
    1 No negative incomes stated
    2 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more incomes not stated
    3 No negative incomes stated
    4 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more members aged 15 years and over temporarily absent
    Incomes stated for all members present
    5 No negative incomes stated
    6 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more incomes of members present not stated
    7 No negative incomes stated
    8 One or more negative incomes stated
    Not applicable
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    List the people who will be away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Family income derivation indicator example - List the people who will be away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    Is the person:(male; female; non-binary sex)
    Is Person 4: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Person's sex Male Female
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
    Is Person 4 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Whether person is a full-time student No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is collected from the Relationship in household and Income questions on the Census form. It also uses the questions asked of people who were away from the household on Census Night.

    This variable is derived from the Family composition (FMCF) and Total personal income (INCP) variables. It also uses the Count of persons/dependent children temporarily absent from family variables (CPAF and CDCAF) to isolate families with members aged 15 and over temporarily absent on Census Night.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1991.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable can be used in conjunction with Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) to create a new family income variable.

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the section of the form for people who were away on Census Night. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household, the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Family income derivation indicator (FIDF) should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Total family income (weekly) (FINF)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)
    • Family composition (FMCF)
    • Count of persons temporarily absent from family (CPAF)
    • Count of dependent children under 15 in family temporarily absent (CDCAF)
    • Temporarily absent

    Main source of family income (administrative data) (FSAF)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main source of income that a family received. This is based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of family members aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    0Nil or negative income
    1Employee wages and salary
    2Government benefits and allowances
    3Own unincorporated business income
    4Superannuation income
    5Investment income
    6Other income
    9Admin not available
    @Not applicable

    Number of categories: 9

    Admin not available (9) category comprises: 

    • Families where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the family did not have any administrative income information available   

    Not applicable (@) category comprises: 

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households 
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Non-private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s 

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of family members aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census night (see FIAASF). This includes families where one or more members did not have income information available in administrative data, or where one or more members were absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

    The main source of income is the category with the largest total income recorded between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021. This variable does not record the dollar amount of income earned; it records what the main source of income is.  

    For example, a family may have earned substantial income from a salary and received a small amount of additional income from investments. This variable only records the main source of their income, in this case a salary.  

    In the case of a family receiving the same amount of income from two or more sources, the main source of income was selected by choosing the income type which was higher in the following ranked list: 

    1. Employee wages and salary 
    2. Government benefits and allowances 
    3. Own unincorporated business income 
    4. Superannuation income 
    5. Investment income 
    6. Other income 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question. 

    Superannuation income in administrative data 

    The administrative data used to derive this variable had limited coverage of income from superannuation, because many superannuation payments are not required to be reported annually to the Australian Taxation Office.  

    This means that we have under-recorded the amount of income families received from superannuation. In these cases the main source of family income would either be set to another income type (where the family also received income from another source) or income for this family would be incorrectly set to Nil.  

    This has resulted in a known undercount of the number of families with superannuation as their main source of family income, and an overcount of the number of families with other income types as their main source of family income.   

    Comparisons to other family data 

    This variable should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Total family income as stated (weekly) (FINASF)

    Definition

    This variable records the total family income by summing the Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) of each family member aged 15 years and over present in the household on Census Night.

    This includes families where one or more family member's income details were not stated or they were away from the dwelling on Census Night.  

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Annual income ranges are displayed within brackets.

    Code Category
    01 Negative income
    02 Nil income
    03 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    04 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    05 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14 $2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    15 $2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    17 $3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999)
    18 $4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999)
    19 $4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999)
    20 $5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21 $6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999)
    22 $8,000 or more ($416,000 or more)
    && All incomes not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  24

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources - More information - Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    List the people who will be away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Total family income as stated (weekly) example - List the people who will be away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    Is the person:(male; female; non-binary sex)
    Is Person 4: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Person's sex Male Female
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
    Is Person 4 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Whether person is a full-time student No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on:  What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is collected from the Relationship in household and Income questions on the Census form. Data can also be collected from the questions asked of people who were away from the household on Census Night.

    Total family income as stated (weekly) (FINASF) is calculated by summing the personal incomes reported by all family members aged 15 years and over present in the household on Census Night who state their income. The Census collects personal income in ranges, so before these can be summed, a specific dollar amount needs to be allocated to each person. Median incomes for each range, derived using data from the Survey of Income and Housing are used for this purpose.

    Where no family member aged 15 years and over has stated their income, the household is classified as 'All incomes not stated'.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2006. For the 2016 Census, categories for family income in dollar ranges were revised.

    No changes have been made to the family income categories for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Usual residents may not be included in the household’s Census form because they were away from the dwelling on Census Night. In this case they should be included in the section of the form for people who were away on Census Night. This can occur in both family and group households. Due to form limitations a maximum of three people can be reported and coded as temporarily absent from the dwelling. If more than three people are absent from the household the additional people are unable to be included on the form.

    Total family income as stated (weekly) (FINASF) can be used in conjunction with Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) to create a new family income variable.

    Total family income as stated (weekly) (FINASF) should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    Increases to counts in the higher family income ranges can be partly attributed to the addition of a higher income range to the personal income question. For more details, see Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    Total family income as stated (weekly) (FINASF) does not have a non-response rate is it created during Census processing using responses from the Relationship in household, Income and persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Family income derivation indicator (FIDF)
    • Total family income (weekly) (FINF)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)

    Total family income (weekly) (FINF)

    Definition

    This variable records the total family income by summing the Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) of each family member aged 15 years and over present in the household on Census Night. This excludes families where one or more family members aged 15 years and over did not state their income or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. These families are coded to the 'Partial income stated' and total family incomes are not calculated.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Annual income ranges are displayed within brackets.

    Code Category
    01 Negative income
    02 Nil income
    03 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    04 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    05 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14 $2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    15 $2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    17 $3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999)
    18 $4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999)
    19 $4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999)
    20 $5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21 $6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999)
    22 $8,000 or more ($416,000 or more)
    23 Partial income stated
    && All incomes not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  25

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    For each person away, complete the following questions:

    Name of each person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away on Tuesday 10 August 2021.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away List Person Away 1 - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away

    Example

    Total family income as stated (weekly) example - List the people who will be away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling.
    List the people who were away on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021 but usually live in this dwelling. Remember that people listed here will need to complete a Census form for where they were in Australia on Census night. People away Person 4 Surname - Any person who usually lives in this dwelling, but was away. Add another person away
    Is the person:(male; female; non-binary sex)
    Is Person 4: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Person's sex Male Female
    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information Date of birth Day Month Year OR Age

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 4's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please give age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.
    Is the person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?
    Is Person 4 of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin? For people of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, select both 'Yes' boxes. Person's Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin No Yes, Aboriginal Yes, Torres Strait Islander
    Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Whether person is a full-time student No Yes

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Is the person a full-time student?
    Is Person 4 a full-time student? More information Select 'Yes' if the institution considers the person to be a full-time student. Select 'No' if the institution considers the person to be a part-time student. For a person who attends only hobby or recreational courses, select 'No'. For a child who attends a preschool or preschool program (including early childhood education and centre based day care providers): • Select 'Yes' if they attend at least 15 hours a week on average. • Select 'No' if they attend less than 15 hours a week on average.
    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Person's relationship to others in the household Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of both Person 1 and Person 2 Child of Person 1 only Child of Person 2 only Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 4's relationship to Person 1/Person 2? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is collected from the Relationship in household and Income questions on the Census form. Data can also be collected from the questions asked of people who were away from the household on Census Night.

    Total family income (weekly) is calculated by summing the personal incomes reported by all family members aged 15 years and over. As personal income is collected in ranges, median values are assigned to each range using data from the Survey of Income and Housing.

    Families where all or at least one family member aged 15 and over did not state an income are set to either:

    • 'All incomes not stated'
    • 'Partial income stated'

    Families where at least one member aged 15 and over was absent from the dwelling on Census Night are also set to 'Partial incomes stated'. 

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1976 as Family income (annual) (FINP). The name and mnemonics used, and methods used to calculate family income have changed several times over the years. For the 2016 Census, categories for family income in dollar ranges were revised.

    No changes have been made to the family income categories for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If there is a need to recalculate this variable under different circumstances users can use the derived variable Family income derivation indicator (FIDF) in conjunction with Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) to create a new family income variable.

    Total family income (weekly) should be used carefully when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    Increases to counts in the higher family income ranges can be partly attributed to the addition of a higher income range to the personal income question. For more details, see Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    Total family income (weekly) (FINF) does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing using responses from the Relationship in household, Income and persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Public/private sector (GNGP)

    Definition

    This variable classifies employed people according to whether they are employed in the government (public) or non-government (private) sector. The public sector is further broken down into National, State and Territory or Local Government.

    Scope

    Employed persons 15 years of age and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 National Government
    2 State/Territory Government
    3 Local Government
    4 Private Sector
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  7

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour Force Status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years       

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    Example

    Public/private sector example - Health
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business Health

    Example

    Public/private sector example - Health extended
    What type of health service does Person 1's employer operate? Type of business Hospital (except psychiatric hospitals) Psychiatric hospital Nursing home General practice Dentistry practice Optometry practice Physiotherapy practice Ambulance service Pathology or diagnostic imaging service Federal government administration State government administration Retail pharmacy Pharmaceuticals wholesaling Pharmaceuticals manufacturing Medical equipment wholesaling Other (please specify)

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written responses to Labour Force questions on the Census form. The employer's business name and the workplace address of the employed person is used to classify employed persons into the public or private sector. If the person's employment cannot be determined as public sector, responses are coded to private sector as the default code. If the person's employment in the public sector cannot be further broken down into National, State and Territory or Local Government, responses are imputed on a proportional basis to National, State and Territory or Local Government.

    History and changes

    Questions on what industry people are employed in has been asked in all Censuses since 1911. A separate variable to classify the sector as public or private was first provided for the 1971 Census.

    Over time, the name of this variable has changed, but the meaning and the purpose of the question has remained the same:

    • 1971: Industry Sector (GOVT)
    • 1976-2006: Industry Sector (GNGP) - noting that in 1996-2001 a category for Community Development Employment Program was included
    • 2011-2021: Public/Private Employer Indicator (GNGP)

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Total household income as available (administrative data) (weekly) (HIAASD)

    Definition

    This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each resident aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This includes households where one or more residents did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Two-digit level (annual income ranges are displayed within brackets)
    CodeCategory
    01Negative income  
    02Nil income  
    03$1-$149 ($1-$7,799) 
    04$150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599) 
    05$300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799) 
    06$400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999) 
    07$500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799) 
    08$650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599) 
    09$800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999) 
    10$1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999) 
    11$1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999) 
    12$1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999) 
    13$1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999) 
    14$2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999) 
    15$2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999) 
    16$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999) 
    17$3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999) 
    18$4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999) 
    19$4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999) 
    20$5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999) 
    21$6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999) 
    22$8,000-$9,999 ($416,000-$519,999) 
    23$10,000 or more ($520,000 or more) 
    99Admin not available 
    @@Not applicable 
    Four-digit level
    CodeCategory
    0001Negative income  
    0002Nil income  
    0003$1-$9  
    0004 - 1002$10-$19 to $9,990-$9,999 in ten-dollar ranges 
    1003$10,000 or more 
    9999Admin not available 
    @@@@Not applicable

    Number of categories:

    • Two-digit level: 25
    • Four-digit level: 1005

    Admin not available (99, 9999) category comprises:

    • Households where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the household did not have any administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@@, @@@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings 
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s 
    • Other non-classifiable households 

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated by summing the personal incomes recorded in administrative data of all household members aged 15 years and over. 

    The income ranges for this variable include households where one or more members aged 15 years and over was not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have income information available in administrative data; or were temporarily absent. In the variable Total household income (administrative data) (weekly) (HINAD), these households were excluded from the household income calculation and coded to the category 'Partial incomes available'. 

    Where no member of a household aged 15 years and over had administrative income information available, the household is classified as 'Admin not available'. 

    In most cases, the income of visitors to a household is excluded from Total household income as stated. The exception to this is households that comprise only visitors. 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the Census income data collected via the Census form. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question.  

    Comparison to Census income data 

    Although this variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the  income data collected via the Census form, there are differences to consider. 

    Method to calculate household income 

    The personal incomes used to create this variable were recorded to the nearest dollar. The Census question, on the other hand, collects personal income in ranges, then a median-based approximation is used to calculate household income. 

    Unlike data collected via the Census form, this variable does not rely on people correctly recalling the income that they, and other household members, usually earn.  

    Comparison to other ABS Surveys 

    Although other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Personal Income in Australia, collect similar data relating to household income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, collection period, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection to use it most appropriately.  

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Household income derivation indicator (HIDD)

    Definition

    This variable identifies households where people were absent from the dwelling on Census Night, did not state their income, or stated a negative income.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    No members aged 15 years and over temporarily absent
    All incomes stated
    1 No negative incomes stated
    2 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more incomes not stated
    3 No negative incomes stated
    4 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more members aged 15 years and over temporarily absent 
    Incomes stated for all members present
    5 No negative incomes stated
    6 One or more negative incomes stated
    One or more incomes of members present not stated
    7 No negative incomes stated
    8 One or more negative incomes stated
    Not applicable
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income
    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the following variables:

    To identify households with members aged 15 years and over temporarily absent on Census Night the following variables are used:

    • Count of persons temporarily absent from dwelling (CPAD)
    • Count of persons/dependent children temporarily absent from family variables (CPAF)

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in the 1991 Census.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable allows household income to be derived from individual incomes based on certain conditions as listed in the categories.

    Household income derivation indicator can also be used:

    • to remove these households from the population of a table, or to estimate the impact on total household income caused by negative income or people away from the dwelling on Census Night
    • in conjunction with Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) to create a new household income variable.

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Total household income (weekly) (HIND)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)

    Equivalised total household income (weekly) (HIED)

    Definition

    Equivalised total household income is household income adjusted by the application of an equivalence scale to facilitate comparison of income levels between households of differing size and composition. This variable reflects that a larger household would normally need more income than a smaller household to achieve the same standard of living. The 'modified OECD' equivalence scale is used.

    Equivalised total household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources available to a standardised household. For a lone person household, it is equal to household income. For a household comprising more than one person, it is an indicator of the household income that would be needed by a lone person household to enjoy the same level of economic wellbeing.

    Scope

    Family, lone person and group households

    Categories

    Annual income ranges are displayed within brackets.

    Code  Category
    01 Nil income
    02 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    03 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    04 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    05 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    06 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    07 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    08 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    09 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    10 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    11 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    12 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    13 $2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    14 $2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    15 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    16 $3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)
    17 Partial income stated
    && All incomes not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  19

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Visitor only households

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income
    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created by summing the personal incomes reported by all household members aged 15 years and over and applying a weighting according to the 'modified OECD' equivalence scale.

    The equivalence factor is built by summing all equivalence points allocated to each person in a household:

    • 1 point to the first adult
    • 0.5 points to each additional person who is 15 years and over
    • 0.3 points to each child under the age of 15

    As personal income is collected in ranges, median values are assigned to each range using data from the Survey of Income and Housing. For more information about this survey see the Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide.

    Households where all or at least one member aged 15 and over did not state an income are set to either:

    • 'All incomes not stated'
    • 'Partial income stated'

    Households where at least one member aged 15 and over was away from the dwelling on Census Night are also set to 'Partial incomes stated'. 

    Where children under 15 years were absent from the household on Census Night, they were included in the calculation. Visitors and people in 'Not applicable' categories are excluded from the calculation. HIED is not calculated for households that comprise only visitors.

    History and changes

    This variable was first used in 2006, though other measures of household income had been used in previous censuses. For 2016 the categories for annual income dollar ranges were revised.

    For 2021, additional higher end income ranges were added, to reflect changes that were made to the personal income variable. The '$3,000 or more ($156,000)' range has been split into two categories:

    • '$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)' 
    • '$3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)'

    Data use considerations

    Equivalised total household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources available to a standardised household. For a lone person household it is equal to household income. For a household comprising more than one person, it is an indicator of the household income that would be needed by a lone person household to enjoy the same level of economic wellbeing.

    Alternatively, equivalised total household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources available to everyone in a household. Mean equivalised household income is therefore calculated by adding the equivalised total household income of all households, and then dividing by the number of people. This enables people in large households to have the same contribution to the mean as people living alone.

    Equivalised total household income is set to zero when total household income is negative, such as when losses incurred in a household's unincorporated business or other investments are greater than any positive income from any other sources.

    Total family income is not equivalised. All people in a household benefit from the economies of scale for housing and other shared costs, regardless of whether they are in the same family or not. Therefore the most appropriate indicator of the standard of living of a family is still the equivalised income of the household in which they live.

    A more detailed explanation is provided in Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide, Australia.

    Increases to counts in the higher household equivalised income ranges can be partly attributed to the addition of a higher income range to the Personal income question. For more details, see Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Total household income (weekly) (HIND)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)

    Total household income as stated (weekly) (HINASD)

    Definition

    This variable provides the total weekly income of a private household based on the reported personal incomes of all members that are aged 15 years or older.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Annual income ranges are displayed within brackets.

    Code Category
    01 Negative income
    02 Nil income
    03 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    04 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    05 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14 $2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    15 $2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    17 $3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999)
    18 $4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999)
    19 $4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999)
    20 $5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21 $6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999)
    22 $8,000 or more ($416,000 or more)
    && All incomes not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  24

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income
    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    How this variable is created

    Total household income as stated (weekly) is the sum of Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) of each resident aged 15 years and over present in the household on Census Night. As personal income is collected in ranges, median values are assigned to each range using data from the Survey of Income and Housing. For more information about this survey see the Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide. 

    The income ranges for Total household income as stated (weekly) include households where one or more household members aged 15 years and over did not state their income, or were temporarily absent. In the variable Total household income (weekly) (HIND), these households would be excluded from the household income calculation and be coded to the category 'Partial income stated'.

    Where no member of a household aged 15 years and over has stated their income, the household is classified as 'All incomes not stated'.

    In most cases, the income of visitors to a household is excluded from Total household income as stated. The exception to this is households that comprise only visitors.

    History and changes

    This variable was first used in 2006, though other measures of household income had been used in previous censuses. For 2016 the categories for annual income dollar ranges were revised.

    No changes have been made to the household income categories for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Total household income as stated is calculated for visitor only households in order to collect data on household income in tourist areas.

    Increases to counts in the higher household income ranges can be partly attributed to the addition of a higher income range to the Personal income question. For more details, see Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Total household income (weekly) (HIND)
    • Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)

    Total household income (weekly) (HIND)

    Definition

    This variable is the sum of Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) of each resident aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Annual income ranges are displayed within brackets.

    Code Category
    01 Negative income
    02 Nil income
    03 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    04 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    05 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14 $2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    15 $2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    17 $3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999)
    18 $4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999)
    19 $4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999)
    20 $5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21 $6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999)
    22 $8,000 or more ($416,000 or more)
    23 Partial income stated
    && All incomes not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  25

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information Person's usual total income $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is calculated by summing the personal incomes reported by all household members aged 15 years and over. The Census collects personal income in ranges, so before these can be summed, a specific dollar amount needs to be allocated to each person. Median incomes for each range, derived using data from the Survey of Income and Housing, are used for this purpose. For more information about this survey see the Survey of Income and Housing, User Guide.

    Households where all or at least one member aged 15 and over did not state an income are set to:

    • 'All incomes not stated' and
    • 'Partial income stated' respectively.

    Households where at least one member aged 15 and over was away from the dwelling on Census Night are also set to 'Partial incomes stated'. 

    In most cases, the income of visitors to a household are excluded from Total household income as stated. The exception to this is households that comprise only visitors.

    History and changes

    A variable relating to household income was first used in the 1976 Census.

    No changes have been made to the household income categories for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    If there is a need to recalculate this variable under different circumstances, the derived variable Household income derivation indicator (HIDD) can be used in conjunction with Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) to create a new household income variable.

    Total household income is calculated for visitor only households to collect data on household income in tourist areas.

    Increases to counts in the higher household income ranges can be partly attributed to the addition of a higher income range to the Personal income question. For more details, see Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from one or more questions on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Hours worked (HRSP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the number of hours worked by the employed person in all jobs during the week prior to Census night. This excludes any time off but includes overtime and extra time worked.

    In standard Census products the data is generally published in ranges using Hours worked (ranges) (HRWRP).

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    00-99 0 to 99 hours singly
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  103

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years                             

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses or the 'None' mark box on the paper form. Outlying values are checked manually to ensure that they match the actual response on the form. The data may include a small proportion of persons with an unusual number of hours worked, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Hours worked was first asked in the 1966 Census. In 1971, 1976 and since 1996, the Hours worked question has focused on hours worked in all jobs held in the week prior to the Census.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Information on hours worked, classified by industry and occupation, allows changes in the labour force to be analysed. It also enhances the use of Journey to Work data for transport studies.

    Hours worked, when used in combination with Labour force status (LFSP), provides information on full-time and part-time employment. For Census purposes, a person is considered to be working full-time if they worked 35 hours or more in all jobs during the week prior to Census night.

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down. Even if lockdowns impacted a person's normal working hours, respondents were asked to answer this question accurately per their current situation. 

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Hours worked (HRSP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond to the labour force status questions have a labour force status of not stated and fall in the 'not applicable' category within the Hours Worked variable.

    The non-response rate for Hours worked (HRSP) was 1.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.9% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Hours worked (ranges) (HRWRP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the number of hours worked in ranges by the employed person in all jobs during the week prior to Census night. This excludes any time off but includes overtime and extra time worked.

    In standard Census products the data is generally published in ranges. Hours worked are also produced in single hours in Hours worked (HRSP).

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    00 0 hours
    01 1-9 hours
    02 10-19 hours
    03 20-29 hours
    04 30-34 hours
    05 35-39 hours
    06 40-44 hours
    07 45-49 hours
    08 50-59 hours
    09 60-69 hours
    10 70 hours or more
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  14

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years                         

      See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.              

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked
    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses, or the 'None' mark box on the paper form. Outlying values are checked manually to ensure that they match the actual response on the form. The data may include a small proportion of persons with an unusual number of hours worked, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    History and changes

    The question relating to Hours worked was first asked in the 1966 Census. In 1971, 1976 and since 1996, the hours worked question has focused on hours worked in all jobs held in the week prior to the Census.

    The Hours worked (ranges) variable was first introduced for the 2011 Census. Since 2016, the 'None' mark box from the question was removed from the online version of the Census form. 

    For 2021, the output categories (ranges) for this variable have been updated to align with the Standards for labour force statistics, 2018. There are now more categories available.  

    Data use considerations

    Information on hours worked, classified by industry and occupation, allows changes in the labour force to be analysed. It also enhances the use of Journey to Work data for transport studies.

    Hours worked, when used in combination with Labour force status (LFSP), provides information on full-time and part-time employment. For Census purposes, a person is considered to be working full-time if they worked 35 hours or more in all jobs during the week prior to Census night.

    This variable is derived from the Hours worked (HRSP) variable. Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Hours Worked (HRSP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status (LFSP) of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond to the labour force status questions have a labour force status of not stated and fall in the 'not applicable' category within the Hours Worked variable.

    The non-response rate for Hours worked (HRSP) was 1.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.9% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Total personal income (weekly) (INCP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the total income (in ranges) that a person usually receives each week. Equivalent annual income amounts appear in brackets.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Negative income
    02 Nil income
    03 $1-$149 ($1-$7,799)
    04 $150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599)
    05 $300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06 $400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07 $500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08 $650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09 $800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10 $1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11 $1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12 $1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13 $1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14 $2,000-$2,999 ($104,000-$155,999)
    15 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    16 $3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  19

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?

    What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries - Regular overtime - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) - Rental properties • Other income from: - Superannuation - Child support - Dividends from shares - Interest - Workers’ compensation - Any other income sources More information $3,500 or more per week ($182,000 or more per year) $3,000 - $3,499 per week ($156,000 - $181,999 per year) $2,000 - $2,999 per week ($104,000 - $155,999 per year) $1,750 - $1,999 per week ($91,000 - $103,999 per year) $1,500 - $1,749 per week ($78,000 - $90,999 per year) $1,250 - $1,499 per week ($65,000 - $77,999 per year) $1,000 - $1,249 per week ($52,000 - $64,999 per year) $800 - $999 per week ($41,600 - $51,999 per year) $650 - $799 per week ($33,800 - $41,599 per year) $500 - $649 per week ($26,000 - $33,799 per year) $400 - $499 per week ($20,800 - $25,999 per year) $300 - $399 per week ($15,600 - $20,799 per year) $150 - $299 per week ($7,800 - $15,599 per year) $1 - $149 per week ($1 - $7,799 per year) $0 or nil income Negative income

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the total of all income the person usually receives?
    What is the total of all income Person 1 usually receives? Do not deduct: tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed, or any other automatic deductions. Include: • Wages and salaries ­ - Regular overtime ­ - Commissions and bonuses • Government pensions, benefits and allowances • Profit or loss from: ­ - Unincorporated business/farm (e.g. sole traders, partnerships) ­ - Rental properties • Other income from: ­ - Superannuation ­ - Child support ­ - Dividends from shares ­ - Interest ­ - Workers’ compensation ­ - Any other income sources More information Information from this question provides an indication of living standards in different areas. Count total income from all sources, not just a regular wage or salary. Total income is the person's personal income before any tax, superannuation contributions, amounts salary sacrificed or other automatic payments are deducted. If the person is currently affected by COVID lockdown restrictions, report the total income they usually received before the lockdown began. Government pensions, benefits and allowances Include: • Age Pension • Family Tax Benefit • Parenting Payment • Disability Support Pension • JobSeeker Payment • Youth and student allowances • Carer Allowance • Any other government pension, benefit or allowance Note: remember to include the total value of any pensions, benefits and other government allowances that the person is currently receiving. Business owners and self-employed people Business owners and self-employed people should include the total profit or loss from the operations of their business, or their share of the business in a partnership. The profit or loss of a business is calculated as its gross receipts less its operation expenses (such as rent, materials and fuel costs). If the person has other sources of income, such as wages or government allowances, these should be added to their business income to calculate their total income from all sources. Other income For interest and dividends, calculate the amount the person expects to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources; divide by 26 to work out a fortnightly amount; or, divide by 52 to work out a weekly amount. For other regular income, such as superannuation or child support, include the amount the person currently receives for one week or fortnight, or calculate the amount they expect to receive in a full year and add this to their total yearly income from other sources. Include Private Pensions and Workers Compensation under Other income. Negative income Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is captured automatically from mark box responses on the Census form. Respondents are asked to only mark one response. Where a respondent provides more than one response, the responses are accepted in the order they appear on the form and the extra responses are rejected.

    History and changes

    Questions on income were first included in the Census in 1933 and have been asked in each Census since 1976. In 2006, this variable was referred to as 'Individual Income (weekly)'.

    Income ranges were updated in 2016.

    For 2021, an additional income range has been added to reflect changes to the personal income question options. '15 $3,000 or more ($156,000)' has been split into two categories:

    • '15 $3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)' 
    • '16 $3,500 or more ($182,000 or more)'

    This change accounts for higher income ranges.

    Data use considerations

    Comparison to other ABS surveys

    Even though the Census and other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Personal Income in Australia, 2011-2012 to 2017-2018, collect similar data relating to personal income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, the time period the collection relates to, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection in order to most appropriately use it. 

    Negative income

    Negative income in the Census includes people who own their own business and report negative income due to losses or negative gearing of rentals.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census Night, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down, which impacted their income. To gain a better understanding of the true income levels of Australians, guidance for people in lockdown on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'Please reflect your usual income, as it was before the commencement of the current COVID-19 lockdown period.'

    The non-response rate for Total personal income (weekly) (INCP) was 7.2% in 2021. This is a decrease from 9.0% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Main source of household income (administrative data) (HSAD)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main source of income that a household received. This is based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    0Nil or negative income
    1Employee wages and salary
    2Government benefits and allowances
    3Own unincorporated business income
    4Superannuation income
    5Investment income
    6Other income
    9Admin not available
    @Not applicable

    Number of categories:  9

    Admin not available (9) category comprises:

    • Households where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the household did not have any administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) data asset to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night (see HIAASD). This includes households where one or more residents did not have income information available in administrative data or where one or more residents was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

    The main source of income is the category with the largest total income recorded. This variable does not record the dollar amount of income earned; it records what the main source of income is.  

    For example, a household may have earned substantial income from a salary and received a small amount of additional income from investments. This variable only records the main source of their income, in this case a salary.  

    In the case of a household receiving the same amount of income from two or more sources, the main source of income was selected by choosing the income type which was higher in the following ranked list: 

    1. Employee wages and salary 
    2. Government benefits and allowances 
    3. Own unincorporated business income 
    4. Superannuation income 
    5. Investment income 
    6. Other income 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question. 

    Superannuation income in administrative data 

    The administrative data used to derive this variable had limited coverage of income from superannuation, because many superannuation payments are not required to be reported annually to the Australian Taxation Office.  

    This means that we have under-recorded the amount of income households received from superannuation. In these cases the main source of household income would either be set to another income type (where the household also received income from another source) or income for this household would be incorrectly set to Nil.  

    This has resulted in a known undercount of the number of households with superannuation as their main source of household income, and an overcount of the number of households with other income types as their main source of household income.   

    Comparison to other ABS Surveys 

    Although other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Personal Income in Australia, collect similar data relating to household income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, collection period, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection to use it most appropriately.  

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Industry of employment (INDP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the industry of the main job held by the employed person in the week prior to Census night.

    Scope

    Employed people aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Industry of employment is coded to the Australian and New Zealand Standards Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 2.0). The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads section on this page. 

    A - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

     A - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing  
       A0 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, nfd
        A00 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, nfd
           A000 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, nfd
       01 - Agriculture    
         010 - Agriculture, nfd
           0100 - Agriculture, nfd
         011 - Nursery and Floriculture Production
           0110 - Nursery and Floriculture Production, nfd
           0111 - Nursery Production (Under Cover)
           0112 - Nursery Production (Outdoors)
           0113 - Turf Growing
           0114 - Floriculture Production (Under Cover)
           0115 - Floriculture Production (Outdoors)
         012 - Mushroom and Vegetable Growing
           0120 - Mushroom and Vegetable Growing, nfd
           0121 - Mushroom Growing
           0122 - Vegetable Growing (Under Cover)
           0123 - Vegetable Growing (Outdoors)
         013 - Fruit and Tree Nut Growing
           0130 - Fruit and Tree Nut Growing, nfd
           0131 - Grape Growing
           0132 - Kiwifruit Growing
           0133 - Berry Fruit Growing
           0134 - Apple and Pear Growing
           0135 - Stone Fruit Growing
           0136 - Citrus Fruit Growing
           0137 - Olive Growing
           0139 - Other Fruit and Tree Nut Growing
         014 - Sheep, Beef Cattle and Grain Farming
           0140 - Sheep, Beef Cattle and Grain Farming, nfd
           0141 - Sheep Farming (Specialised)
           0142 - Beef Cattle Farming (Specialised)
           0143 - Beef Cattle Feedlots (Specialised)
           0144 - Sheep-Beef Cattle Farming
           0145 - Grain-Sheep or Grain-Beef Cattle Farming
           0146 - Rice Growing
           0149 - Other Grain Growing
         015 - Other Crop Growing
           0150 - Other Crop Growing, nfd
           0151 - Sugar Cane Growing
           0152 - Cotton Growing
           0159 - Other Crop Growing nec
         016 - Dairy Cattle Farming
           0160 - Dairy Cattle Farming
         017 - Poultry Farming
           0170 - Poultry Farming, nfd
           0171 - Poultry Farming (Meat)
           0172 - Poultry Farming (Eggs)
         018 - Deer Farming
           0180 - Deer Farming
         019 - Other Livestock Farming
           0190 - Other Livestock Farming, nfd
           0191 - Horse Farming
           0192 - Pig Farming
           0193 - Beekeeping
           0199 - Other Livestock Farming nec
       02 - Aquaculture    
         020 - Aquaculture  
           0200 - Aquaculture, nfd
           0201 - Offshore Longline and Rack Aquaculture
           0202 - Offshore Caged Aquaculture
           0203 - Onshore Aquaculture
       03 - Forestry and Logging  
         030 - Forestry and Logging
           0300 - Forestry and Logging, nfd
           0301 - Forestry
           0302 - Logging
       04 - Fishing, Hunting and Trapping  
         040 - Fishing, Hunting and Trapping, nfd
           0400 - Fishing, Hunting and Trapping, nfd
         041 - Fishing  
           0410 - Fishing, nfd
           0411 - Rock Lobster and Crab Potting
           0412 - Prawn Fishing
           0413 - Line Fishing
           0414 - Fish Trawling, Seining and Netting
           0419 - Other Fishing
         042 - Hunting and Trapping
           0420 - Hunting and Trapping
       05 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services
         050 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services, nfd
           0500 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services, nfd
         051 - Forestry Support Services
           0510 - Forestry Support Services
         052 - Agriculture and Fishing Support Services
           0520 - Agriculture and Fishing Support Services, nfd
           0521 - Cotton Ginning
           0522 - Shearing Services
           0529 - Other Agriculture and Fishing Support Services

    B - Mining

     B - Mining      
       B0 - Mining, nfd    
         B00 - Mining, nfd  
           B000 - Mining, nfd
       06 - Coal Mining    
         060 - Coal Mining  
           0600 - Coal Mining
       07 - Oil and Gas Extraction  
         070 - Oil and Gas Extraction
           0700 - Oil and Gas Extraction
       08 - Metal Ore Mining  
         080 - Metal Ore Mining
           0800 - Metal Ore Mining, nfd
           0801 - Iron Ore Mining
           0802 - Bauxite Mining
           0803 - Copper Ore Mining
           0804 - Gold Ore Mining
           0805 - Mineral Sand Mining
           0806 - Nickel Ore Mining
           0807 - Silver-Lead-Zinc Ore Mining
           0809 - Other Metal Ore Mining
       09 - Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying
         090 - Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying, nfd
           0900 - Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying, nfd
         091 - Construction Material Mining
           0910 - Construction Material Mining, nfd
           0911 - Gravel and Sand Quarrying
           0919 - Other Construction Material Mining
         099 - Other Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying
           0990 - Other Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying
       10 - Exploration and Other Mining Support Services
         100 - Exploration and Other Mining Support Services, nfd
           1000 - Exploration and Other Mining Support Services, nfd
         101 - Exploration  
           1010 - Exploration, nfd
           1011 - Petroleum Exploration
           1012 - Mineral Exploration
         109 - Other Mining Support Services
           1090 - Other Mining Support Services

    C - Manufacturing

     C - Manufacturing    
       C0 - Manufacturing, nfd  
         C00 - Manufacturing, nfd
           C000 - Manufacturing, nfd
       11 - Food Product Manufacturing  
         110 - Food Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1100 - Food Product Manufacturing, nfd
         111 - Meat and Meat Product Manufacturing
           1110 - Meat and Meat Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1111 - Meat Processing
           1112 - Poultry Processing
           1113 - Cured Meat and Smallgoods Manufacturing
         112 - Seafood Processing
           1120 - Seafood Processing
         113 - Dairy Product Manufacturing
           1130 - Dairy Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1131 - Milk and Cream Processing
           1132 - Ice Cream Manufacturing
           1133 - Cheese and Other Dairy Product Manufacturing
         114 - Fruit and Vegetable Processing
           1140 - Fruit and Vegetable Processing
         115 - Oil and Fat Manufacturing
           1150 - Oil and Fat Manufacturing
         116 - Grain Mill and Cereal Product Manufacturing
           1160 - Grain Mill and Cereal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1161 - Grain Mill Product Manufacturing
           1162 - Cereal, Pasta and Baking Mix Manufacturing
         117 - Bakery Product Manufacturing
           1170 - Bakery Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1171 - Bread Manufacturing (Factory based)
           1172 - Cake and Pastry Manufacturing (Factory based)
           1173 - Biscuit Manufacturing (Factory based)
           1174 - Bakery Product Manufacturing (Non-factory based)
         118 - Sugar and Confectionery Manufacturing
           1180 - Sugar and Confectionery Manufacturing, nfd
           1181 - Sugar Manufacturing
           1182 - Confectionery Manufacturing
         119 - Other Food Product Manufacturing
           1190 - Other Food Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1191 - Potato, Corn and Other Crisp Manufacturing
           1192 - Prepared Animal and Bird Feed Manufacturing
           1199 - Other Food Product Manufacturing nec
       12 - Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
         120 - Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1200 - Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing, nfd
         121 - Beverage Manufacturing
           1210 - Beverage Manufacturing, nfd
           1211 - Soft Drink, Cordial and Syrup Manufacturing
           1212 - Beer Manufacturing
           1213 - Spirit Manufacturing
           1214 - Wine and Other Alcoholic Beverage Manufacturing
         122 - Cigarette and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
           1220 - Cigarette and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
       13 - Textile, Leather, Clothing and Footwear Manufacturing
         130 - Textile, Leather, Clothing and Footwear Manufacturing, nfd
           1300 - Textile, Leather, Clothing and Footwear Manufacturing, nfd
         131 - Textile Manufacturing
           1310 - Textile Manufacturing, nfd
           1311 - Wool Scouring
           1312 - Natural Textile Manufacturing
           1313 - Synthetic Textile Manufacturing
         132 - Leather Tanning, Fur Dressing and Leather Product Manufacturing
           1320 - Leather Tanning, Fur Dressing and Leather Product Manufacturing
         133 - Textile Product Manufacturing
           1330 - Textile Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1331 - Textile Floor Covering Manufacturing
           1332 - Rope, Cordage and Twine Manufacturing
           1333 - Cut and Sewn Textile Product Manufacturing
           1334 - Textile Finishing and Other Textile Product Manufacturing
         134 - Knitted Product Manufacturing
           1340 - Knitted Product Manufacturing
         135 - Clothing and Footwear Manufacturing
           1350 - Clothing and Footwear Manufacturing, nfd
           1351 - Clothing Manufacturing
           1352 - Footwear Manufacturing
       14 - Wood Product Manufacturing  
         140 - Wood Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1400 - Wood Product Manufacturing, nfd
         141 - Log Sawmilling and Timber Dressing
           1410 - Log Sawmilling and Timber Dressing, nfd
           1411 - Log Sawmilling
           1412 - Wood Chipping
           1413 - Timber Resawing and Dressing
         149 - Other Wood Product Manufacturing
           1490 - Other Wood Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1491 - Prefabricated Wooden Building Manufacturing
           1492 - Wooden Structural Fitting and Component Manufacturing
           1493 - Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing
           1494 - Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing
           1499 - Other Wood Product Manufacturing nec
       15 - Pulp, Paper and Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
         150 - Pulp, Paper and Converted Paper Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1500 - Pulp, Paper and Converted Paper Product Manufacturing, nfd
         151 - Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing
           1510 - Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing
         152 - Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
           1520 - Converted Paper Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1521 - Corrugated Paperboard and Paperboard Container Manufacturing
           1522 - Paper Bag Manufacturing
           1523 - Paper Stationery Manufacturing
           1524 - Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing
           1529 - Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
       16 - Printing (including the Reproduction of Recorded Media)
         160 - Printing (including the Reproduction of Recorded Media), nfd
           1600 - Printing (including the Reproduction of Recorded Media), nfd
         161 - Printing and Printing Support Services
           1610 - Printing and Printing Support Services, nfd
           1611 - Printing
           1612 - Printing Support Services
         162 - Reproduction of Recorded Media
           1620 - Reproduction of Recorded Media
       17 - Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing
         170 - Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing
           1700 - Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1701 - Petroleum Refining and Petroleum Fuel Manufacturing
           1709 - Other Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing
       18 - Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing
         180 - Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1800 - Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing, nfd
         181 - Basic Chemical Manufacturing
           1810 - Basic Chemical Manufacturing, nfd
           1811 - Industrial Gas Manufacturing
           1812 - Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
           1813 - Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
         182 - Basic Polymer Manufacturing
           1820 - Basic Polymer Manufacturing, nfd
           1821 - Synthetic Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing
           1829 - Other Basic Polymer Manufacturing
         183 - Fertiliser and Pesticide Manufacturing
           1830 - Fertiliser and Pesticide Manufacturing, nfd
           1831 - Fertiliser Manufacturing
           1832 - Pesticide Manufacturing
         184 - Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing
           1840 - Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1841 - Human Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing
           1842 - Veterinary Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing
         185 - Cleaning Compound and Toiletry Preparation Manufacturing
           1850 - Cleaning Compound and Toiletry Preparation Manufacturing, nfd
           1851 - Cleaning Compound Manufacturing
           1852 - Cosmetic and Toiletry Preparation Manufacturing
         189 - Other Basic Chemical Product Manufacturing
           1890 - Other Basic Chemical Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1891 - Photographic Chemical Product Manufacturing
           1892 - Explosive Manufacturing
           1899 - Other Basic Chemical Product Manufacturing nec
       19 - Polymer Product and Rubber Product Manufacturing
         190 - Polymer Product and Rubber Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1900 - Polymer Product and Rubber Product Manufacturing, nfd
         191 - Polymer Product Manufacturing
           1910 - Polymer Product Manufacturing, nfd
           1911 - Polymer Film and Sheet Packaging Material Manufacturing
           1912 - Rigid and Semi-Rigid Polymer Product Manufacturing
           1913 - Polymer Foam Product Manufacturing
           1914 - Tyre Manufacturing
           1915 - Adhesive Manufacturing
           1916 - Paint and Coatings Manufacturing
           1919 - Other Polymer Product Manufacturing
         192 - Natural Rubber Product Manufacturing
           1920 - Natural Rubber Product Manufacturing
       20 - Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
         200 - Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2000 - Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing, nfd
         201 - Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing
           2010 - Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing
         202 - Ceramic Product Manufacturing
           2020 - Ceramic Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2021 - Clay Brick Manufacturing
           2029 - Other Ceramic Product Manufacturing
         203 - Cement, Lime, Plaster and Concrete Product Manufacturing
           2030 - Cement, Lime, Plaster and Concrete Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2031 - Cement and Lime Manufacturing
           2032 - Plaster Product Manufacturing
           2033 - Ready-Mixed Concrete Manufacturing
           2034 - Concrete Product Manufacturing
         209 - Other Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
           2090 - Other Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
       21 - Primary Metal and Metal Product Manufacturing
         210 - Primary Metal and Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2100 - Primary Metal and Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
         211 - Basic Ferrous Metal Manufacturing
           2110 - Iron Smelting and Steel Manufacturing
         212 - Basic Ferrous Metal Product Manufacturing
           2120 - Basic Ferrous Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2121 - Iron and Steel Casting
           2122 - Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing
         213 - Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Manufacturing
           2130 - Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Manufacturing, nfd
           2131 - Alumina Production
           2132 - Aluminium Smelting
           2133 - Copper, Silver, Lead and Zinc Smelting and Refining
           2139 - Other Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Manufacturing
         214 - Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Product Manufacturing
           2140 - Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2141 - Non-Ferrous Metal Casting
           2142 - Aluminium Rolling, Drawing, Extruding
           2149 - Other Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Product Manufacturing
       22 - Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
         220 - Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2200 - Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
         221 - Iron and Steel Forging
           2210 - Iron and Steel Forging
         222 - Structural Metal Product Manufacturing
           2220 - Structural Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2221 - Structural Steel Fabricating
           2222 - Prefabricated Metal Building Manufacturing
           2223 - Architectural Aluminium Product Manufacturing
           2224 - Metal Roof and Guttering Manufacturing (except Aluminium)
           2229 - Other Structural Metal Product Manufacturing
         223 - Metal Container Manufacturing
           2230 - Metal Container Manufacturing, nfd
           2231 - Boiler, Tank and Other Heavy Gauge Metal Container Manufacturing
           2239 - Other Metal Container Manufacturing
         224 - Sheet Metal Product Manufacturing (except Metal Structural and Container Products)
           2240 - Sheet Metal Product Manufacturing (except Metal Structural and Container Products)
         229 - Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
           2290 - Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing, nfd
           2291 - Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing
           2292 - Nut, Bolt, Screw and Rivet Manufacturing
           2293 - Metal Coating and Finishing
           2299 - Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing nec
       23 - Transport Equipment Manufacturing
         230 - Transport Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2300 - Transport Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
         231 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Part Manufacturing
           2310 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Part Manufacturing, nfd
           2311 - Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
           2312 - Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing
           2313 - Automotive Electrical Component Manufacturing
           2319 - Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
         239 - Other Transport Equipment Manufacturing
           2390 - Other Transport Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2391 - Shipbuilding and Repair Services
           2392 - Boatbuilding and Repair Services
           2393 - Railway Rolling Stock Manufacturing and Repair Services
           2394 - Aircraft Manufacturing and Repair Services
           2399 - Other Transport Equipment Manufacturing nec
       24 - Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
         240 - Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2400 - Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
         241 - Professional and Scientific Equipment Manufacturing
           2410 - Professional and Scientific Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2411 - Photographic, Optical and Ophthalmic Equipment Manufacturing
           2412 - Medical and Surgical Equipment Manufacturing
           2419 - Other Professional and Scientific Equipment Manufacturing
         242 - Computer and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing
           2420 - Computer and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2421 - Computer and Electronic Office Equipment Manufacturing
           2422 - Communication Equipment Manufacturing
           2429 - Other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing
         243 - Electrical Equipment Manufacturing
           2430 - Electrical Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2431 - Electric Cable and Wire Manufacturing
           2432 - Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing
           2439 - Other Electrical Equipment Manufacturing
         244 - Domestic Appliance Manufacturing
           2440 - Domestic Appliance Manufacturing, nfd
           2441 - Whiteware Appliance Manufacturing
           2449 - Other Domestic Appliance Manufacturing
         245 - Pump, Compressor, Heating and Ventilation Equipment Manufacturing
           2450 - Pump, Compressor, Heating and Ventilation Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2451 - Pump and Compressor Manufacturing
           2452 - Fixed Space Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Equipment Manufacturing
         246 - Specialised Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
           2460 - Specialised Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2461 - Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
           2462 - Mining and Construction Machinery Manufacturing
           2463 - Machine Tool and Parts Manufacturing
           2469 - Other Specialised Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
         249 - Other Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
           2490 - Other Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing, nfd
           2491 - Lifting and Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing
           2499 - Other Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing nec
       25 - Furniture and Other Manufacturing
         250 - Furniture and Other Manufacturing, nfd
           2500 - Furniture and Other Manufacturing, nfd
         251 - Furniture Manufacturing
           2510 - Furniture Manufacturing, nfd
           2511 - Wooden Furniture and Upholstered Seat Manufacturing
           2512 - Metal Furniture Manufacturing
           2513 - Mattress Manufacturing
           2519 - Other Furniture Manufacturing
         259 - Other Manufacturing
           2590 - Other Manufacturing, nfd
           2591 - Jewellery and Silverware Manufacturing
           2592 - Toy, Sporting and Recreational Product Manufacturing
           2599 - Other Manufacturing nec

    D - Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

     D - Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services  
       D0 - Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, nfd
         D00 - Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, nfd
           D000 - Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, nfd
       26 - Electricity Supply  
         260 - Electricity Supply, nfd
           2600 - Electricity Supply, nfd
         261 - Electricity Generation
           2610 - Electricity Generation, nfd
           2611 - Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation
           2612 - Hydro-Electricity Generation
           2619 - Other Electricity Generation
         262 - Electricity Transmission
           2620 - Electricity Transmission
         263 - Electricity Distribution
           2630 - Electricity Distribution
         264 - On Selling Electricity and Electricity Market Operation
           2640 - On Selling Electricity and Electricity Market Operation
       27 - Gas Supply    
         270 - Gas Supply  
           2700 - Gas Supply
       28 - Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services
         281 - Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services
           2810 - Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services, nfd
           2811 - Water Supply
           2812 - Sewerage and Drainage Services
       29 - Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Services
         290 - Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Services, nfd
           2900 - Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Services, nfd
         291 - Waste Collection Services
           2910 - Waste Collection Services, nfd
           2911 - Solid Waste Collection Services
           2919 - Other Waste Collection Services
         292 - Waste Treatment, Disposal and Remediation Services
           2920 - Waste Treatment, Disposal and Remediation Services, nfd
           2921 - Waste Treatment and Disposal Services
           2922 - Waste Remediation and Materials Recovery Services

    E - Construction

     E - Construction    
       E0 - Construction, nfd  
         E00 - Construction, nfd
           E000 - Construction, nfd
       30 - Building Construction  
         300 - Building Construction, nfd
           3000 - Building Construction, nfd
         301 - Residential Building Construction
           3010 - Residential Building Construction, nfd
           3011 - House Construction
           3019 - Other Residential Building Construction
         302 - Non-Residential Building Construction
           3020 - Non-Residential Building Construction
       31 - Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
         310 - Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
           3100 - Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction, nfd
           3101 - Road and Bridge Construction
           3109 - Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
       32 - Construction Services  
         320 - Construction Services, nfd
           3200 - Construction Services, nfd
         321 - Land Development and Site Preparation Services
           3210 - Land Development and Site Preparation Services, nfd
           3211 - Land Development and Subdivision
           3212 - Site Preparation Services
         322 - Building Structure Services
           3220 - Building Structure Services, nfd
           3221 - Concreting Services
           3222 - Bricklaying Services
           3223 - Roofing Services
           3224 - Structural Steel Erection Services
         323 - Building Installation Services
           3230 - Building Installation Services, nfd
           3231 - Plumbing Services
           3232 - Electrical Services
           3233 - Air Conditioning and Heating Services
           3234 - Fire and Security Alarm Installation Services
           3239 - Other Building Installation Services
         324 - Building Completion Services
           3240 - Building Completion Services, nfd
           3241 - Plastering and Ceiling Services
           3242 - Carpentry Services
           3243 - Tiling and Carpeting Services
           3244 - Painting and Decorating Services
           3245 - Glazing Services
         329 - Other Construction Services
           3290 - Other Construction Services, nfd
           3291 - Landscape Construction Services
           3292 - Hire of Construction Machinery with Operator
           3299 - Other Construction Services nec

    F - Wholesale Trade

     F - Wholesale Trade    
       F0 - Wholesale Trade, nfd  
         F00 - Wholesale Trade, nfd
           F000 - Wholesale Trade, nfd
       33 - Basic Material Wholesaling  
         330 - Basic Material Wholesaling, nfd
           3300 - Basic Material Wholesaling, nfd
         331 - Agricultural Product Wholesaling
           3310 - Agricultural Product Wholesaling, nfd
           3311 - Wool Wholesaling
           3312 - Cereal Grain Wholesaling
           3319 - Other Agricultural Product Wholesaling
         332 - Mineral, Metal and Chemical Wholesaling
           3320 - Mineral, Metal and Chemical Wholesaling, nfd
           3321 - Petroleum Product Wholesaling
           3322 - Metal and Mineral Wholesaling
           3323 - Industrial and Agricultural Chemical Product Wholesaling
         333 - Timber and Hardware Goods Wholesaling
           3330 - Timber and Hardware Goods Wholesaling, nfd
           3331 - Timber Wholesaling
           3332 - Plumbing Goods Wholesaling
           3339 - Other Hardware Goods Wholesaling
       34 - Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling
         340 - Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling, nfd
           3400 - Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling, nfd
         341 - Specialised Industrial Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling
           3410 - Specialised Industrial Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling, nfd
           3411 - Agricultural and Construction Machinery Wholesaling
           3419 - Other Specialised Industrial Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling
         349 - Other Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling
           3490 - Other Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling, nfd
           3491 - Professional and Scientific Goods Wholesaling
           3492 - Computer and Computer Peripheral Wholesaling
           3493 - Telecommunication Goods Wholesaling
           3494 - Other Electrical and Electronic Goods Wholesaling
           3499 - Other Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling nec
       35 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Wholesaling
         350 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Wholesaling
           3500 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Wholesaling, nfd
           3501 - Car Wholesaling
           3502 - Commercial Vehicle Wholesaling
           3503 - Trailer and Other Motor Vehicle Wholesaling
           3504 - Motor Vehicle New Parts Wholesaling
           3505 - Motor Vehicle Dismantling and Used Parts Wholesaling
       36 - Grocery, Liquor and Tobacco Product Wholesaling
         360 - Grocery, Liquor and Tobacco Product Wholesaling
           3600 - Grocery, Liquor and Tobacco Product Wholesaling, nfd
           3601 - General Line Grocery Wholesaling
           3602 - Meat, Poultry and Smallgoods Wholesaling
           3603 - Dairy Produce Wholesaling
           3604 - Fish and Seafood Wholesaling
           3605 - Fruit and Vegetable Wholesaling
           3606 - Liquor and Tobacco Product Wholesaling
           3609 - Other Grocery Wholesaling
       37 - Other Goods Wholesaling  
         370 - Other Goods Wholesaling, nfd
           3700 - Other Goods Wholesaling, nfd
         371 - Textile, Clothing and Footwear Wholesaling
           3710 - Textile, Clothing and Footwear Wholesaling, nfd
           3711 - Textile Product Wholesaling
           3712 - Clothing and Footwear Wholesaling
         372 - Pharmaceutical and Toiletry Goods Wholesaling
           3720 - Pharmaceutical and Toiletry Goods Wholesaling
         373 - Furniture, Floor Covering and Other Goods Wholesaling
           3730 - Furniture, Floor Covering and Other Goods Wholesaling, nfd
           3731 - Furniture and Floor Covering Wholesaling
           3732 - Jewellery and Watch Wholesaling
           3733 - Kitchen and Diningware Wholesaling
           3734 - Toy and Sporting Goods Wholesaling
           3735 - Book and Magazine Wholesaling
           3736 - Paper Product Wholesaling
           3739 - Other Goods Wholesaling nec
       38 - Commission-Based Wholesaling
         380 - Commission-Based Wholesaling
           3800 - Commission-Based Wholesaling

    G - Retail Trade

     G - Retail Trade    
       G0 - Retail Trade, nfd  
         G00 - Retail Trade, nfd
           G000 - Retail Trade, nfd
       39 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Retailing
         390 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Retailing, nfd
           3900 - Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts Retailing, nfd
         391 - Motor Vehicle Retailing
           3910 - Motor Vehicle Retailing, nfd
           3911 - Car Retailing
           3912 - Motor Cycle Retailing
           3913 - Trailer and Other Motor Vehicle Retailing
         392 - Motor Vehicle Parts and Tyre Retailing
           3920 - Motor Vehicle Parts and Tyre Retailing, nfd
           3921 - Motor Vehicle Parts Retailing
           3922 - Tyre Retailing
       40 - Fuel Retailing  
         400 - Fuel Retailing
           4000 - Fuel Retailing
       41 - Food Retailing  
         410 - Food Retailing, nfd
           4100 - Food Retailing, nfd
         411 - Supermarket and Grocery Stores
           4110 - Supermarket and Grocery Stores
         412 - Specialised Food Retailing
           4120 - Specialised Food Retailing, nfd
           4121 - Fresh Meat, Fish and Poultry Retailing
           4122 - Fruit and Vegetable Retailing
           4123 - Liquor Retailing
           4129 - Other Specialised Food Retailing
       42 - Other Store-Based Retailing  
         420 - Other Store-Based Retailing, nfd
           4200 - Other Store-Based Retailing, nfd
         421 - Furniture, Floor Coverings, Houseware and Textile Goods Retailing
           4210 - Furniture, Floor Coverings, Houseware and Textile Goods Retailing, nfd
           4211 - Furniture Retailing
           4212 - Floor Coverings Retailing
           4213 - Houseware Retailing
           4214 - Manchester and Other Textile Goods Retailing
         422 - Electrical and Electronic Goods Retailing
           4220 - Electrical and Electronic Goods Retailing, nfd
           4221 - Electrical, Electronic and Gas Appliance Retailing
           4222 - Computer and Computer Peripheral Retailing
           4229 - Other Electrical and Electronic Goods Retailing
         423 - Hardware, Building and Garden Supplies Retailing
           4230 - Hardware, Building and Garden Supplies Retailing, nfd
           4231 - Hardware and Building Supplies Retailing
           4232 - Garden Supplies Retailing
         424 - Recreational Goods Retailing
           4240 - Recreational Goods Retailing, nfd
           4241 - Sport and Camping Equipment Retailing
           4242 - Entertainment Media Retailing
           4243 - Toy and Game Retailing
           4244 - Newspaper and Book Retailing
           4245 - Marine Equipment Retailing
         425 - Clothing, Footwear and Personal Accessory Retailing
           4250 - Clothing, Footwear and Personal Accessory Retailing, nfd
           4251 - Clothing Retailing
           4252 - Footwear Retailing
           4253 - Watch and Jewellery Retailing
           4259 - Other Personal Accessory Retailing
         426 - Department Stores
           4260 - Department Stores
         427 - Pharmaceutical and Other Store-Based Retailing
           4270 - Pharmaceutical and Other Store-Based Retailing, nfd
           4271 - Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic and Toiletry Goods Retailing
           4272 - Stationery Goods Retailing
           4273 - Antique and Used Goods Retailing
           4274 - Flower Retailing
           4279 - Other Store-Based Retailing nec
       43 - Non-Store Retailing and Retail Commission-Based Buying and/or Selling
         430 - Non-Store Retailing and Retail Commission-Based Buying and/or Selling, nfd
           4300 - Non-Store Retailing and Retail Commission-Based Buying and/or Selling, nfd
         431 - Non-Store Retailing
           4310 - Non-Store Retailing
         432 - Retail Commission-Based Buying and/or Selling
           4320 - Retail Commission-Based Buying and/or Selling

    H - Accommodation and Food Services

     H - Accommodation and Food Services  
       H0 - Accommodation and Food Services, nfd
         H00 - Accommodation and Food Services, nfd
           H000 - Accommodation and Food Services, nfd
       44 - Accommodation  
         440 - Accommodation
           4400 - Accommodation
       45 - Food and Beverage Services  
         450 - Food and Beverage Services, nfd
           4500 - Food and Beverage Services, nfd
         451 - Cafes, Restaurants and Takeaway Food Services
           4510 - Cafes, Restaurants and Takeaway Food Services, nfd
           4511 - Cafes and Restaurants
           4512 - Takeaway Food Services
           4513 - Catering Services
         452 - Pubs, Taverns and Bars
           4520 - Pubs, Taverns and Bars
         453 - Clubs (Hospitality)
           4530 - Clubs (Hospitality)

    I - Transport, Postal and Warehousing

     I - Transport, Postal and Warehousing  
       I0 - Transport, Postal and Warehousing, nfd
         I00 - Transport, Postal and Warehousing, nfd
           I000 - Transport, Postal and Warehousing, nfd
       46 - Road Transport  
         460 - Road Transport, nfd
           4600 - Road Transport, nfd
         461 - Road Freight Transport
           4610 - Road Freight Transport
         462 - Road Passenger Transport
           4620 - Road Passenger Transport, nfd
           4621 - Interurban and Rural Bus Transport
           4622 - Urban Bus Transport (Including Tramway)
           4623 - Taxi and Other Road Transport
       47 - Rail Transport  
         470 - Rail Transport, nfd
           4700 - Rail Transport, nfd
         471 - Rail Freight Transport
           4710 - Rail Freight Transport
         472 - Rail Passenger Transport
           4720 - Rail Passenger Transport
       48 - Water Transport  
         480 - Water Transport, nfd
           4800 - Water Transport, nfd
         481 - Water Freight Transport
           4810 - Water Freight Transport
         482 - Water Passenger Transport
           4820 - Water Passenger Transport
       49 - Air and Space Transport  
         490 - Air and Space Transport
           4900 - Air and Space Transport
       50 - Other Transport  
         500 - Other Transport, nfd
           5000 - Other Transport, nfd
         501 - Scenic and Sightseeing Transport
           5010 - Scenic and Sightseeing Transport
         502 - Pipeline and Other Transport
           5020 - Pipeline and Other Transport, nfd
           5021 - Pipeline Transport
           5029 - Other Transport nec
       51 - Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services
         510 - Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services
           5100 - Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services, nfd
           5101 - Postal Services
           5102 - Courier Pick-up and Delivery Services
       52 - Transport Support Services  
         520 - Transport Support Services, nfd
           5200 - Transport Support Services, nfd
         521 - Water Transport Support Services
           5210 - Water Transport Support Services, nfd
           5211 - Stevedoring Services
           5212 - Port and Water Transport Terminal Operations
           5219 - Other Water Transport Support Services
         522 - Airport Operations and Other Air Transport Support Services
           5220 - Airport Operations and Other Air Transport Support Services
         529 - Other Transport Support Services
           5290 - Other Transport Support Services, nfd
           5291 - Customs Agency Services
           5292 - Freight Forwarding Services
           5299 - Other Transport Support Services nec
       53 - Warehousing and Storage Services
         530 - Warehousing and Storage Services
           5300 - Warehousing and Storage Services, nfd
           5301 - Grain Storage Services
           5309 - Other Warehousing and Storage Services

    J - Information Media and Telecommunications

     J - Information Media and Telecommunications  
       J0 - Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd
         J00 - Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd
           J000 - Information Media and Telecommunications, nfd
       54 - Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing)
         540 - Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing), nfd
           5400 - Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing), nfd
         541 - Newspaper, Periodical, Book and Directory Publishing
           5410 - Newspaper, Periodical, Book and Directory Publishing, nfd
           5411 - Newspaper Publishing
           5412 - Magazine and Other Periodical Publishing
           5413 - Book Publishing
           5414 - Directory and Mailing List Publishing
           5419 - Other Publishing (except Software, Music and Internet)
         542 - Software Publishing
           5420 - Software Publishing
       55 - Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities
         550 - Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities, nfd
           5500 - Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities, nfd
         551 - Motion Picture and Video Activities
           5510 - Motion Picture and Video Activities, nfd
           5511 - Motion Picture and Video Production
           5512 - Motion Picture and Video Distribution
           5513 - Motion Picture Exhibition
           5514 - Post-production Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Activities
         552 - Sound Recording and Music Publishing
           5520 - Sound Recording and Music Publishing, nfd
           5521 - Music Publishing
           5522 - Music and Other Sound Recording Activities
       56 - Broadcasting (except Internet)
         560 - Broadcasting (except Internet), nfd
           5600 - Broadcasting (except Internet), nfd
         561 - Radio Broadcasting
           5610 - Radio Broadcasting
         562 - Television Broadcasting
           5620 - Television Broadcasting, nfd
           5621 - Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting
           5622 - Cable and Other Subscription Broadcasting
       57 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting
         570 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting
           5700 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting
       58 - Telecommunications Services
         580 - Telecommunications Services
           5800 - Telecommunications Services, nfd
           5801 - Wired Telecommunications Network Operation
           5802 - Other Telecommunications Network Operation
           5809 - Other Telecommunications Services
       59 - Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services
         590 - Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services, nfd
           5900 - Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services, nfd
         591 - Internet Service Providers and Web Search Portals
           5910 - Internet Service Providers and Web Search Portals
         592 - Data Processing, Web Hosting and Electronic Information Storage Services
           5920 - Data Processing, Web Hosting and Electronic Information Storage Services, nfd
           5921 - Data Processing and Web Hosting Services
           5922 - Electronic Information Storage Services
       60 - Library and Other Information Services
         600 - Library and Other Information Services, nfd
           6000 - Library and Other Information Services, nfd
         601 - Libraries and Archives
           6010 - Libraries and Archives
         602 - Other Information Services
           6020 - Other Information Services

    K - Financial and Insurance Services

     K - Financial and Insurance Services  
       K0 - Financial and Insurance Services, nfd
         K00 - Financial and Insurance Services, nfd
           K000 - Financial and Insurance Services, nfd
       62 - Finance    
         620 - Finance, nfd
           6200 - Finance, nfd
         621 - Central Banking
           6210 - Central Banking
         622 - Depository Financial Intermediation
           6220 - Depository Financial Intermediation, nfd
           6221 - Banking
           6222 - Building Society Operation
           6223 - Credit Union Operation
           6229 - Other Depository Financial Intermediation
         623 - Non-Depository Financing
           6230 - Non-Depository Financing
         624 - Financial Asset Investing
           6240 - Financial Asset Investing
       63 - Insurance and Superannuation Funds
         630 - Insurance and Superannuation Funds, nfd
           6300 - Insurance and Superannuation Funds, nfd
         631 - Life Insurance
           6310 - Life Insurance
         632 - Health and General Insurance
           6320 - Health and General Insurance, nfd
           6321 - Health Insurance
           6322 - General Insurance
         633 - Superannuation Funds
           6330 - Superannuation Funds
       64 - Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services
         640 - Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services, nfd
           6400 - Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services, nfd
         641 - Auxiliary Finance and Investment Services
           6410 - Auxiliary Finance and Investment Services, nfd
           6411 - Financial Asset Broking Services
           6419 - Other Auxiliary Finance and Investment Services
         642 - Auxiliary Insurance Services
           6420 - Auxiliary Insurance Services

    L - Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

     L - Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services  
       L0 - Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services, nfd
         L00 - Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services, nfd
           L000 - Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services, nfd
       66 - Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate)
         660 - Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate), nfd
           6600 - Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate), nfd
         661 - Motor Vehicle and Transport Equipment Rental and Hiring
           6610 - Motor Vehicle and Transport Equipment Rental and Hiring, nfd
           6611 - Passenger Car Rental and Hiring
           6619 - Other Motor Vehicle and Transport Equipment Rental and Hiring
         662 - Farm Animal and Bloodstock Leasing
           6620 - Farm Animal and Bloodstock Leasing
         663 - Other Goods and Equipment Rental and Hiring
           6630 - Other Goods and Equipment Rental and Hiring, nfd
           6631 - Heavy Machinery and Scaffolding Rental and Hiring
           6632 - Video and Other Electronic Media Rental and Hiring
           6639 - Other Goods and Equipment Rental and Hiring nec
         664 - Non-Financial Intangible Assets (except Copyrights) Leasing
           6640 - Non-Financial Intangible Assets (except Copyrights) Leasing
       67 - Property Operators and Real Estate Services
         670 - Property Operators and Real Estate Services, nfd
           6700 - Property Operators and Real Estate Services, nfd
         671 - Property Operators
           6710 - Property Operators, nfd
           6711 - Residential Property Operators
           6712 - Non-Residential Property Operators
         672 - Real Estate Services
           6720 - Real Estate Services

    M - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

     M - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
       M0 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, nfd
         M00 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, nfd
           M000 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, nfd
       69 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services)
         690 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services), nfd
           6900 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services), nfd
         691 - Scientific Research Services
           6910 - Scientific Research Services
         692 - Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services
           6920 - Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services, nfd
           6921 - Architectural Services
           6922 - Surveying and Mapping Services
           6923 - Engineering Design and Engineering Consulting Services
           6924 - Other Specialised Design Services
           6925 - Scientific Testing and Analysis Services
         693 - Legal and Accounting Services
           6930 - Legal and Accounting Services, nfd
           6931 - Legal Services
           6932 - Accounting Services
         694 - Advertising Services
           6940 - Advertising Services
         695 - Market Research and Statistical Services
           6950 - Market Research and Statistical Services
         696 - Management and Related Consulting Services
           6960 - Management and Related Consulting Services, nfd
           6961 - Corporate Head Office Management Services
           6962 - Management Advice and Related Consulting Services
         697 - Veterinary Services
           6970 - Veterinary Services
         699 - Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
           6990 - Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, nfd
           6991 - Professional Photographic Services
           6999 - Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services nec
       70 - Computer System Design and Related Services
         700 - Computer System Design and Related Services
           7000 - Computer System Design and Related Services

    N - Administrative and Support Services

     N - Administrative and Support Services  
       N0 - Administrative and Support Services, nfd
         N00 - Administrative and Support Services, nfd
           N000 - Administrative and Support Services, nfd
       72 - Administrative Services  
         720 - Administrative Services, nfd
           7200 - Administrative Services, nfd
         721 - Employment Services
           7210 - Employment Services, nfd
           7211 - Employment Placement and Recruitment Services
           7212 - Labour Supply Services
         722 - Travel Agency and Tour Arrangement Services
           7220 - Travel Agency and Tour Arrangement Services
         729 - Other Administrative Services
           7290 - Other Administrative Services, nfd
           7291 - Office Administrative Services
           7292 - Document Preparation Services
           7293 - Credit Reporting and Debt Collection Services
           7294 - Call Centre Operation
           7299 - Other Administrative Services nec
       73 - Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services
         730 - Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services, nfd
           7300 - Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services, nfd
         731 - Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Gardening Services
           7310 - Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Gardening Services, nfd
           7311 - Building and Other Industrial Cleaning Services
           7312 - Building Pest Control Services
           7313 - Gardening Services
         732 - Packaging Services
           7320 - Packaging Services

    O - Public Administration and Safety

     O - Public Administration and Safety  
       O0 - Public Administration and Safety, nfd
         O00 - Public Administration and Safety, nfd
           O000 - Public Administration and Safety, nfd
       75 - Public Administration  
         750 - Public Administration, nfd
           7500 - Public Administration, nfd
         751 - Central Government Administration
           7510 - Central Government Administration
         752 - State Government Administration
           7520 - State Government Administration
         753 - Local Government Administration
           7530 - Local Government Administration
         754 - Justice  
           7540 - Justice
         755 - Government Representation
           7550 - Government Representation, nfd
           7551 - Domestic Government Representation
           7552 - Foreign Government Representation
       76 - Defence    
         760 - Defence  
           7600 - Defence
       77 - Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services
         770 - Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services, nfd
           7700 - Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services, nfd
         771 - Public Order and Safety Services
           7710 - Public Order and Safety Services, nfd
           7711 - Police Services
           7712 - Investigation and Security Services
           7713 - Fire Protection and Other Emergency Services
           7714 - Correctional and Detention Services
           7719 - Other Public Order and Safety Services
         772 - Regulatory Services
           7720 - Regulatory Services

    P - Education and Training

     P - Education and Training    
       P0 - Education and Training, nfd  
         P00 - Education and Training, nfd
           P000 - Education and Training, nfd
       80 - Preschool and School Education
         800 - Preschool and School Education, nfd
           8000 - Preschool and School Education, nfd
         801 - Preschool Education
           8010 - Preschool Education
         802 - School Education
           8020 - School Education, nfd
           8021 - Primary Education
           8022 - Secondary Education
           8023 - Combined Primary and Secondary Education
           8024 - Special School Education
       81 - Tertiary Education  
         810 - Tertiary Education
           8100 - Tertiary Education, nfd
           8101 - Technical and Vocational Education and Training
           8102 - Higher Education
       82 - Adult, Community and Other Education
         820 - Adult, Community and Other Education, nfd
           8200 - Adult, Community and Other Education, nfd
         821 - Adult, Community and Other Education
           8210 - Adult, Community and Other Education, nfd
           8211 - Sports and Physical Recreation Instruction
           8212 - Arts Education
           8219 - Adult, Community and Other Education nec
         822 - Educational Support Services
           8220 - Educational Support Services

    Q - Health Care and Social Assistance

     Q - Health Care and Social Assistance  
       Q0 - Health Care and Social Assistance, nfd
         Q00 - Health Care and Social Assistance, nfd
           Q000 - Health Care and Social Assistance, nfd
       84 - Hospitals    
         840 - Hospitals  
           8400 - Hospitals, nfd
           8401 - Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals)
           8402 - Psychiatric Hospitals
       85 - Medical and Other Health Care Services
         850 - Medical and Other Health Care Services, nfd
           8500 - Medical and Other Health Care Services, nfd
         851 - Medical Services
           8510 - Medical Services, nfd
           8511 - General Practice Medical Services
           8512 - Specialist Medical Services
         852 - Pathology and Diagnostic Imaging Services
           8520 - Pathology and Diagnostic Imaging Services
         853 - Allied Health Services
           8530 - Allied Health Services, nfd
           8531 - Dental Services
           8532 - Optometry and Optical Dispensing
           8533 - Physiotherapy Services
           8534 - Chiropractic and Osteopathic Services
           8539 - Other Allied Health Services
         859 - Other Health Care Services
           8590 - Other Health Care Services, nfd
           8591 - Ambulance Services
           8599 - Other Health Care Services nec
       86 - Residential Care Services  
         860 - Residential Care Services
           8600 - Residential Care Services, nfd
           8601 - Aged Care Residential Services
           8609 - Other Residential Care Services
       87 - Social Assistance Services  
         870 - Social Assistance Services, nfd
           8700 - Social Assistance Services, nfd
         871 - Child Care Services
           8710 - Child Care Services
         879 - Other Social Assistance Services
           8790 - Other Social Assistance Services

    R - Arts and Recreation Services

     R - Arts and Recreation Services  
       R0 - Arts and Recreation Services, nfd
         R00 - Arts and Recreation Services, nfd
           R000 - Arts and Recreation Services, nfd
       89 - Heritage Activities  
         890 - Heritage Activities, nfd
           8900 - Heritage Activities, nfd
         891 - Museum Operation
           8910 - Museum Operation
         892 - Parks and Gardens Operations
           8920 - Parks and Gardens Operations, nfd
           8921 - Zoological and Botanical Gardens Operation
           8922 - Nature Reserves and Conservation Parks Operation
       90 - Creative and Performing Arts Activities
         900 - Creative and Performing Arts Activities
           9000 - Creative and Performing Arts Activities, nfd
           9001 - Performing Arts Operation
           9002 - Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers
           9003 - Performing Arts Venue Operation
       91 - Sports and Recreation Activities
         910 - Sports and Recreation Activities, nfd
           9100 - Sports and Recreation Activities, nfd
         911 - Sports and Physical Recreation Activities
           9110 - Sports and Physical Recreation Activities, nfd
           9111 - Health and Fitness Centres and Gymnasia Operation
           9112 - Sports and Physical Recreation Clubs and Sports Professionals
           9113 - Sports and Physical Recreation Venues, Grounds and Facilities Operation
           9114 - Sports and Physical Recreation Administrative Service
         912 - Horse and Dog Racing Activities
           9120 - Horse and Dog Racing Activities, nfd
           9121 - Horse and Dog Racing Administration and Track Operation
           9129 - Other Horse and Dog Racing Activities
         913 - Amusement and Other Recreation Activities
           9130 - Amusement and Other Recreation Activities, nfd
           9131 - Amusement Parks and Centres Operation
           9139 - Amusement and Other Recreational Activities nec
       92 - Gambling Activities  
         920 - Gambling Activities
           9200 - Gambling Activities, nfd
           9201 - Casino Operation
           9202 - Lottery Operation
           9209 - Other Gambling Activities

    S - Other Services

     S - Other Services    
       S0 - Other Services, nfd  
         S00 - Other Services, nfd
           S000 - Other Services, nfd
       94 - Repair and Maintenance  
         940 - Repair and Maintenance, nfd
           9400 - Repair and Maintenance, nfd
         941 - Automotive Repair and Maintenance
           9410 - Automotive Repair and Maintenance, nfd
           9411 - Automotive Electrical Services
           9412 - Automotive Body, Paint and Interior Repair
           9419 - Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance
         942 - Machinery and Equipment Repair and Maintenance
           9420 - Machinery and Equipment Repair and Maintenance, nfd
           9421 - Domestic Appliance Repair and Maintenance
           9422 - Electronic (except Domestic Appliance) and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance
           9429 - Other Machinery and Equipment Repair and Maintenance
         949 - Other Repair and Maintenance
           9490 - Other Repair and Maintenance, nfd
           9491 - Clothing and Footwear Repair
           9499 - Other Repair and Maintenance nec
       95 - Personal and Other Services  
         950 - Personal and Other Services, nfd
           9500 - Personal and Other Services, nfd
         951 - Personal Care Services
           9510 - Personal Care Services, nfd
           9511 - Hairdressing and Beauty Services
           9512 - Diet and Weight Reduction Centre Operation
         952 - Funeral, Crematorium and Cemetery Services
           9520 - Funeral, Crematorium and Cemetery Services
         953 - Other Personal Services
           9530 - Other Personal Services, nfd
           9531 - Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Services
           9532 - Photographic Film Processing
           9533 - Parking Services
           9534 - Brothel Keeping and Prostitution Services
           9539 - Other Personal Services nec
         954 - Religious Services
           9540 - Religious Services
         955 - Civic, Professional and Other Interest Group Services
           9550 - Civic, Professional and Other Interest Group Services, nfd
           9551 - Business and Professional Association Services
           9552 - Labour Association Services
           9559 - Other Interest Group Services nec
       96 - Private Households Employing Staff and Undifferentiated Goods and Service-Producing Activities of Households for Own Use
         960 - Private Households Employing Staff and Undifferentiated Goods and Service-Producing Activities of Households for Own Use
           9600 - Private Households Employing Staff and Undifferentiated Goods and Service-Producing Activities of Households for Own Use, nfd
           9601 - Private Households Employing Staff
           9602 - Undifferentiated Goods-Producing Activities of Households for Own Use
           9603 - Undifferentiated Service-Producing Activities of Households for Own Use

    T - Inadequately described

     T - Inadequately described    
       99 - Inadequately described  
         990 - Inadequately described
           9900 - Inadequately described

     Supplementary Codes

     Supplementary Codes
     &&&& - Not stated
     @@@@ - Not applicable
     VVVV - Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 

    • One digit level: 20
    • Two digit level: 106
    • Three digit level: 293
    • Four digit level: 721

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with labour Force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Describe the industry or business of the person's employer, not of their occupation. For example, if they are an accountant working for a motor vehicle manufacturer, please enter the industry as 'motor vehicle manufacturing'. State the industry as completely as possible. For self-employed persons, please describe the industry of their business.

    Targeted supplementary questions for industry

    On the online form there are targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) for the industry of employment question. TSQs are asked to clarify responses for industry of employment question. TSQs are prompted by ‘trigger words’ entered in the Industry field response and produce a predefined radio button question to collect more details from the initial response.

    For example, if the word 'health' was entered as the industry or business of the employer, then extra questions are asked about the type of health service or business the respondent's employer operates (see example below).

    The list of 'trigger words' and targeted supplementary questions are created by looking at common responses in the 'not further defined' coding categories from the previous Census data.

    There are 15 TSQs for industry of employment. A full list of the questions, trigger words and response options are available in the Data downloads section on this page.

    Example - Targeted supplementary question

    Industry of employment example - Type of health service
    Example - Targeted supplementary question What type of health service does Person 1's employer operate? Type of business Hospital (except psychiatric hospitals) Psychiatric hospital Nursing home General practice Dentistry practice Optometry practice Physiotherapy practice Ambulance service Pathology or diagnostic imaging service Federal government administration State government administration Retail pharmacy Pharmaceuticals wholesaling Pharmaceuticals manufacturing Medical equipment wholesaling Other (please specify)

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    A person's industry of employment is classified based on responses to a range of questions. These questions include asking for a description of the:

    • business name
    • industry or business
    • main goods produced
    • main services provided.

    Industry of Employment is coded to the ANZSIC, 2006 (Revision 2.0).

    To code the information, industry of employment is first obtained by matching business name and address responses to ABS lists of business names for which main industry activity is already known. These responses are automatically coded.

    The remaining responses are coded using write-in responses about type of industry and about main goods or services produced. If a response is captured to a Targeted Supplementary Question (TSQ) in the online form this is used, otherwise the responses are examined by ABS staff and independently assessed for an ANZSIC code. In the absence of adequate industry, business goods or services information, occupation and task responses may be used as supplementary information to help decide which industry to code to. Responses with insufficient information to assign an ANZSIC code are coded to ‘Inadequately described.’

    'Not further defined' categories are used when there is insufficient information to code the response to a detailed category in the classification. A response of 'education' for example is not enough to code to a detailed industry such as Preschool or University and would be coded to the 'Education and Training, not further defined' category. 

    History and changes

    The name of employer and address of workplace has been collected since the 1954 Census.          

    The questions relating to industry of employment or similar were first asked in the 1911 Census and have been asked in all Censuses since then.

    In 2016, the question on industry or business changed from a mark box format response to a write-in format. Targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) were also introduced in the online form to clarify responses. Responses to TSQs were taken as a priority over the data in other fields.

    In 2021, several minor wording and response order changes were made to the TSQs. The TSQ for repairs and maintenance service was removed for 2021. Responses to TSQs were not taken as a priority over the data in other fields as was done in 2016.

    Data use considerations

    The occupation or task of an individual, in general, should not be used to determine the industry in which the person works because industry coding based on occupation can give a very different result to that based on the employer's activity. For example, a person works for a coal mining company as a driver of the company's coal trucks. The individual's occupation is 'truck driver'. However, the industry of the individual's employer is 'coal mining' and not 'transport'. This example illustrates how using an individual's occupation as a proxy for industry can lead incorrect assumptions about what industry the person is actually in.

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Industry of employment (INDP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Industry of Employment. 

    The non-response rate for Industry of employment (INDP) was 1.3% in 2021. This is an increase from 1.2% in 2016.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down on Census day. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and  information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees).'

    Comparing Census with ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Data downloads

    Data files

    Main type of personal government benefit payment (administrative data) (IGAP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a person received based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    00Nil or negative income
    01Age Pension
    02Austudy/ABSTUDY
    03Carer Allowance
    04Carer Payment
    05Dad and Partner Pay
    06Disability Support Pension
    07Family Tax Benefits
    08Future Flexible Support Payment
    09Mobility Allowance
    10Newstart Allowance and JobSeeker
    11Paid Parental Leave Payment
    12Parenting Payment
    13Special Benefit
    14Widow Allowance
    15Youth Allowance
    16Other government pensions and allowances
    17Type of benefit unknown
    18Did not receive government pension or allowance
    99Admin not available
    @@Not applicable
    VVOverseas visitor 

    Number of categories: 22

    Admin not available (99) category comprises:

    • Persons who were not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative data on government benefits, pensions, and allowances from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable. 

    The payments received between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021 are added together within each category. The main type of government benefit payment is the category with the largest amount recorded. This variable does not record the dollar amount of government benefits, pensions, and allowances received; it records what the main benefit type is. 

    All payments recorded in the administrative data are included, however some Government benefit payments have been excluded from this variable as they are deemed not to represent income. The excluded payments are: 

    • Rent Assistance 
    • Fares Allowance 
    • HECS or Course Fees 
    • Student Start-up Loan 
    • Home Equity Access Scheme / Pension Loans Scheme 
    • Commonwealth Seniors Health Card 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on Government benefit, pension and allowance information recorded in linked administrative data, and is not data collected from a Census question. 

    Financial Year income as a measure of usual income 

    Financial Year income from the administrative data is used to measure the main type of Government benefit payment received. The Financial Year captures longer term trends of income and is not subject to short term changes around Census time. This means that this variable may not align with what a person received, or usually received around the time of the Census.  

    Linkage rates between Census and administrative data 

    This variable relies upon the accurate linkage of Census to the administrative data. Data linkage rates (denoted through the 99 and 9999 categories) need to be considered when assessing totals.  

    Lockdown 

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the 2020-2021 Financial Year. This resulted in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down, which impacted the government benefit payments recorded in administrative data. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Labour force status and hours worked not stated (LFHRP)

    Definition

    This variable combines Labour force status (LFSP) with the 'Not stated' category from the Hours worked (HRSP) variable to provide more detailed information on employed persons.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Employed, worked full-time
    2 Employed, worked part-time
    3 Employed, away from work
    4 Employed, hours of work not stated
    5 Unemployed, looking for full-time work
    6 Unemployed, looking for part-time work
    7 Not in the labour force
    & Labour force status not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  10

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    This question is only applicable for people who marked 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question which asks, Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived by combining Labour force status (LFSP) and Hours worked (HRSP) data to determine how many people did not state their hours of work.

    History and changes

    This variable was introduced in 2011. No changes have been made for 2021.  

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Labour force status of parents/partners in families (LFSF)

    Definition

    This variable records the labour force status of parents/partners in couple and lone parent families.

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Couple family: Both employed, worked full-time
    02 Couple family: One employed full-time, other part-time
    03 Couple family: One employed full-time, other away from work
    04 Couple family: One employed full-time, other unemployed
    05 Couple family: One employed full-time, other not in the labour force
    06 Couple family: One employed full-time, other labour force status not stated
    07 Couple family: Both employed, worked part-time
    08 Couple family: One employed part-time, other away from work
    09 Couple family: One employed part-time, other unemployed
    10 Couple family: One employed part-time, other not in the labour force
    11 Couple family: One employed part-time, other labour force status not stated
    12 Couple family: Both employed, away from work
    13 Couple family: One away from work, other unemployed
    14 Couple family: One away from work, other not in the labour force
    15 Couple family: One away from work, other labour force status not stated
    16 Couple family: Both unemployed
    17 Couple family: One unemployed, other not in the labour force
    18 Couple family: One unemployed, other labour force status not stated
    19 Couple family: Both not in the labour force
    20 Couple family: One not in the labour force, other labour force status not stated
    21 Couple family: Both labour force status not stated
    22 One parent family: Employed, worked full-time
    23 One parent family: Employed, worked part-time
    24 One parent family: Employed, away from work
    25 One parent family: Unemployed
    26 One parent family: Not in the labour force
    27 One parent family: Labour force status not stated
    28 Other family
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories:  29

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    'Away from work' includes parents/partners who either:

    • did not state the number of hours worked
    • did not work any hours in the week prior to Census night

    'Labour force status not stated' includes couple families where:

    • one or both parents/partners did not state their labour force status
    • one parent/partner was temporarily absent on Census night

    ‘Part-time’ is classified as a person who worked less than 35 hours in all jobs during the week prior to Census night.

    ‘Full-time’ is classified as a person who has worked 35 hours or more in all jobs during the week prior to Census night.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?

    What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information Husband or wife of Person 1 De facto partner of Person 1 Child of Person 1 Stepchild of Person 1 Brother or sister of Person 1 Unrelated flatmate or co-tenant of Person 1 Other relationship to Person 1 (please specify)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s relationship to Person 1/Person 2?
    What is Person 2's relationship to Person 1? Examples of other relationships: Son-in-law, Grand-daughter, Uncle, Boarder. More information If more than one response applies, select only the option that shows the relationship that most closely applies.

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    How this variable is created

    Couple families and one parent families are identified from the Family composition (FMCF) variable. For these families the Labour force status (LFSP) and Hours worked (HRSP) for each parent in the family is used to determine which category the family fits into.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2011, with some minor changes implemented in 2016.  

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Comparing Census with ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Labour force status (LFSP)

    Definition

    This variable records a person’s labour force status for the week prior to Census Night.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Employed, worked full-time
    2 Employed, worked part-time
    3 Employed, away from work
    4 Unemployed, looking for full-time work
    5 Unemployed, looking for part-time work
    6 Not in the labour force
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    'Employed, away from work' also includes persons who stated they worked but who did not state the number of hours worked.

    'Full-time' work means 35 hours or more per week in all jobs.

    'Part-time' work means less than 35 hours per week in all jobs. 

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' or 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down' to the previous question, 'Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?'

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. • Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?'

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    How this variable is created

    Labour force status (LFSP) is derived using responses to questions on:

    • full/part-time job
    • job last week
    • hours worked
    • looking for work and
    • availability to start work

    The derivation method takes into account answers to these questions to derive the most appropriate Labour force status. Occupation information may sometimes be used.

    History and changes

    Questions relating to labour force status were first asked in the 1911 Census. Response categories were revised in 2006 to align more closely with ABS labour force concepts.

    Minor changes were made in 2016 to two of the five questions that contribute to the Labour force status variable. Minor changes were also made to the instructions on the online Census form.

    For 2021, an instruction was added to the online form to provide guidance to people in COVID-19 affected areas on Census day. Additional instructions were also added to the Census website – see Data use considerations below for more details.

    Data use considerations

    The non-response rate for Labour force status (LFSP) was 5.8% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.7% in 2016.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down on Census day. Guidance on how to correctly respond to the employment question was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Those who were not working four weeks prior to the lockdown were asked to select 'No, did not have a job'. People who responded 'No, did not have a job' are not considered to be ‘employed’ and will instead be either ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’, depending on their responses to other questions. This is regardless of whether they still have an attachment to their job during lockdown. People can be ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’ while receiving the COVID-19 Disaster Payment or the JobSeeker Payment. To be categorised as ‘unemployed’ people must have not worked, be actively looking for work and available to start work. During lockdowns many people leaving employment will also leave the labour force entirely, given the challenges in actively look for work and being available for work.

    Community Development Program

    People participating only in the Community Development Program are not considered to be employed for the Census. They are considered unemployed or not in the labour force, depending on their job search activities and availability. For further information see Community Development Program participation (CDPP).

    Comparing Census with ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Occupation (OCCP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the primary job or occupation held by employed people in the week prior to Census Night.

    Occupation data in 2021 is available up to the 6-digit level. This allows for a more detailed look at occupation.

    The variable Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P) is also available, this is coded using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 Australian Update.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Occupation is coded using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), 2013, Version 1.3. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

    1 Managers

    1 Managers        
      10 Managers nfd    
        100 Managers nfd  
          1000 Managers nfd  
            100000 Managers nfd
      11 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators
        111 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators
          1110 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators nfd
            111000 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators nfd
          1111 Chief Executives and Managing Directors
            111111 Chief Executive or Managing Director
          1112 General Managers
            111200 General Managers nfd
            111211 Corporate General Manager
            111212 Defence Force Senior Officer
          1113 Legislators  
            111300 Legislators nfd
            111311 Local Government Legislator
            111312 Member of Parliament
            111399 Legislators nec
      12 Farmers and Farm Managers  
        121 Farmers and Farm Managers
          1210 Farmers and Farm Managers nfd
            121000 Farmers and Farm Managers nfd
          1211 Aquaculture Farmers
            121111 Aquaculture Farmer
          1212 Crop Farmers  
            121200 Crop Farmers nfd
            121211 Cotton Grower
            121212 Flower Grower
            121213 Fruit or Nut Grower
            121214 Grain, Oilseed or Pasture Grower
            121215 Grape Grower
            121216 Mixed Crop Farmer
            121217 Sugar Cane Grower
            121218 Turf Grower
            121221 Vegetable Grower
            121299 Crop Farmers nec
          1213 Livestock Farmers
            121300 Livestock Farmers nfd
            121311 Apiarist
            121312 Beef Cattle Farmer
            121313 Dairy Cattle Farmer
            121314 Deer Farmer
            121315 Goat Farmer
            121316 Horse Breeder
            121317 Mixed Livestock Farmer
            121318 Pig Farmer
            121321 Poultry Farmer
            121322 Sheep Farmer
            121399 Livestock Farmers nec
          1214 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
            121411 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmer
      13 Specialist Managers    
        130 Specialist Managers nfd  
          1300 Specialist Managers nfd
            130000 Specialist Managers nfd
        131 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers
          1311 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers
            131100 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers nfd
            131112 Sales and Marketing Manager
            131113 Advertising Manager
            131114 Public Relations Manager
        132 Business Administration Managers
          1320 Business Administration Managers nfd
            132000 Business Administration Managers nfd
          1321 Corporate Services Managers
            132111 Corporate Services Manager
          1322 Finance Managers
            132211 Finance Manager
          1323 Human Resource Managers
            132311 Human Resource Manager
          1324 Policy and Planning Managers
            132411 Policy and Planning Manager
          1325 Research and Development Managers
            132511 Research and Development Manager
        133 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers
          1330 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers nfd
            133000 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers nfd
          1331 Construction Managers
            133100 Construction Managers nfd
            133111 Construction Project Manager
            133112 Project Builder
          1332 Engineering Managers
            133211 Engineering Manager
          1333 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers
            133300 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers nfd
            133311 Importer or Exporter
            133312 Wholesaler
          1334 Manufacturers  
            133411 Manufacturer
          1335 Production Managers
            133500 Production Managers nfd
            133511 Production Manager (Forestry)
            133512 Production Manager (Manufacturing)
            133513 Production Manager (Mining)
          1336 Supply, Distribution and Procurement Managers
            133600 Supply, Distribution and Procurement Managers nfd
            133611 Supply and Distribution Manager
            133612 Procurement Manager
        134 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers
          1340 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
            134000 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
          1341 Child Care Centre Managers
            134111 Child Care Centre Manager
          1342 Health and Welfare Services Managers
            134200 Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
            134211 Medical Administrator
            134212 Nursing Clinical Director
            134213 Primary Health Organisation Manager
            134214 Welfare Centre Manager
            134299 Health and Welfare Services Managers nec
          1343 School Principals  
            134311 School Principal
          1344 Other Education Managers
            134400 Other Education Managers nfd
            134411 Faculty Head
            134412 Regional Education Manager
            134499 Education Managers nec
        135 ICT Managers  
          1351 ICT Managers  
            135100 ICT Managers nfd
            135111 Chief Information Officer
            135112 ICT Project Manager
            135199 ICT Managers nec
        139  Miscellaneous Specialist Managers
          1390 Miscellaneous Specialist Managers nfd
            139000 Miscellaneous Specialist Managers nfd
          1391 Commissioned Officers (Management)
            139100 Commissioned Officers (Management) nfd
            139111 Commissioned Defence Force Officer
            139112 Commissioned Fire Officer
            139113 Commissioned Police Officer
          1392 Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Members
            139211 Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Member
          1399 Other Specialist Managers
            139900 Other Specialist Managers nfd
            139911 Arts Administrator or Manager
            139912 Environmental Manager
            139913 Laboratory Manager
            139914 Quality Assurance Manager
            139915 Sports Administrator
            139999 Specialist Managers nec
      14 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
        140 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
          1400 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            140000 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
        141 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers
          1410 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
            141000 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
          1411 Cafe and Restaurant Managers
            141111 Cafe or Restaurant Manager
          1412 Caravan Park and Camping Ground Managers
            141211 Caravan Park and Camping Ground Manager
          1413 Hotel and Motel Managers
            141311 Hotel or Motel Manager
          1414 Licensed Club Managers
            141411 Licensed Club Manager
          1419 Other Accommodation and Hospitality Managers
            141900 Other Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
            141911 Bed and Breakfast Operator
            141912 Retirement Village Manager
            141999 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nec
        142 Retail Managers  
          1421 Retail Managers  
            142100 Retail Managers nfd
            142111 Retail Manager (General)
            142112 Antique Dealer
            142113 Betting Agency Manager
            142114 Hair or Beauty Salon Manager
            142115 Post Office Manager
            142116 Travel Agency Manager
        149 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
          1490 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            149000 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
          1491 Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers
            149100 Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers nfd
            149111 Amusement Centre Manager
            149112 Fitness Centre Manager
            149113 Sports Centre Manager
          1492 Call or Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers
            149200 Call or Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers nfd
            149211 Call or Contact Centre Manager
            149212 Customer Service Manager
          1493 Conference and Event Organisers
            149311 Conference and Event Organiser
          1494 Transport Services Managers
            149400 Transport Services Managers nfd
            149411 Fleet Manager
            149412 Railway Station Manager
            149413 Transport Company Manager
          1499 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
            149900 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            149911 Boarding Kennel or Cattery Operator
            149912 Cinema or Theatre Manager
            149913 Facilities Manager
            149914 Financial Institution Branch Manager
            149915 Equipment Hire Manager
            149999 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nec

    2 Professionals

    2 Professionals      
      20 Professionals nfd    
        200 Professionals nfd  
           2000  Professionals nfd  
            200000 Professionals nfd
      21 Arts and Media Professionals  
        210 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
          2100 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
            210000 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
        211 Arts Professionals  
          2110 Arts Professionals nfd
            211000 Arts Professionals nfd
          2111 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers
            211100 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nfd
            211111 Actor
            211112 Dancer or Choreographer
            211113 Entertainer or Variety Artist
            211199 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nec
          2112 Music Professionals
            211200 Music Professionals nfd
            211211 Composer
            211212 Music Director
            211213 Musician (Instrumental)
            211214 Singer
            211299 Music Professionals nec
          2113 Photographers  
            211311 Photographer
          2114 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals
            211400 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nfd
            211411 Painter (Visual Arts)
            211412 Potter or Ceramic Artist
            211413 Sculptor
            211499 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nec
        212 Media Professionals  
          2120 Media Professionals nfd
            212000 Media Professionals nfd
          2121 Artistic Directors, and Media Producers and Presenters
            212100 Artistic Directors, and Media Producers and Presenters nfd
            212111 Artistic Director
            212112 Media Producer (excluding Video)
            212113 Radio Presenter
            212114 Television Presenter
          2122 Authors, and Book and Script Editors
            212200 Authors, and Book and Script Editors nfd
            212211 Author
            212212 Book or Script Editor
          2123 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors
            212300 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nfd
            212311 Art Director (Film, Television or Stage)
            212312 Director (Film, Television, Radio or Stage)
            212313 Director of Photography
            212314 Film and Video Editor
            212315 Program Director (Television or Radio)
            212316 Stage Manager
            212317 Technical Director
            212318 Video Producer
            212399 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nec
          2124 Journalists and Other Writers
            212400 Journalists and Other Writers nfd
            212411 Copywriter
            212412 Newspaper or Periodical Editor
            212413 Print Journalist
            212414 Radio Journalist
            212415 Technical Writer
            212416 Television Journalist
            212499 Journalists and Other Writers nec
      22 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals
        220 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
          2200 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
            220000 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
        221 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries
          2210 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries nfd
            221000 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries nfd
          2211 Accountants  
            221100 Accountants nfd
            221111 Accountant (General)
            221112 Management Accountant
            221113 Taxation Accountant
          2212 Auditors, Company Secretaries and Corporate Treasurers
            221200 Auditors, Company Secretaries and Corporate Treasurers nfd
            221211 Company Secretary
            221212 Corporate Treasurer
            221213 External Auditor
            221214 Internal Auditor
        222 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers
          2220 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers nfd
            222000 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers nfd
          2221 Financial Brokers  
            222100 Financial Brokers nfd
            222111 Commodities Trader
            222112 Finance Broker
            222113 Insurance Broker
            222199 Financial Brokers nec
          2222 Financial Dealers  
            222200 Financial Dealers nfd
            222211 Financial Market Dealer
            222212 Futures Trader
            222213 Stockbroking Dealer
            222299 Financial Dealers nec
          2223 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers
            222300 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers nfd
            222311 Financial Investment Adviser
            222312 Financial Investment Manager
        223 Human Resource and Training Professionals
          2230 Human Resource and Training Professionals nfd
            223000 Human Resource and Training Professionals nfd
          2231 Human Resource Professionals
            223100 Human Resource Professionals nfd
            223111 Human Resource Adviser
            223112 Recruitment Consultant
            223113 Workplace Relations Adviser
          2232 ICT Trainers  
            223211 ICT Trainer
          2233 Training and Development Professionals
            223311 Training and Development Professional
         224 Information and Organisation Professionals
          2240 Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
            224000 Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
          2241 Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians
            224100 Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians nfd
            224111 Actuary
            224112 Mathematician
            224113 Statistician
          2242 Archivists, Curators and Records Managers
            224200 Archivists, Curators and Records Managers nfd
            224211 Archivist
            224212 Gallery or Museum Curator
            224213 Health Information Manager
            224214 Records Manager
          2243 Economists  
            224311 Economist
          2244 Intelligence and Policy Analysts
            224400 Intelligence and Policy Analysts nfd
            224411 Intelligence Officer
            224412 Policy Analyst
          2245 Land Economists and Valuers
            224500 Land Economists and Valuers nfd
            224511 Land Economist
            224512 Valuer
          2246 Librarians  
            224611 Librarian
          2247 Management and Organisation Analysts
            224700 Management and Organisation Analysts nfd
            224711 Management Consultant
            224712 Organisation and Methods Analyst
          2249 Other Information and Organisation Professionals
            224900 Other Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
            224911 Electorate Officer
            224912 Liaison Officer
            224913 Migration Agent
            224914 Patents Examiner
            224999 Information and Organisation Professionals nec
        225 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals
          2250 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals nfd
            225000 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals nfd
          2251 Advertising and Marketing Professionals
            225100 Advertising and Marketing Professionals nfd
            225111 Advertising Specialist
            225112 Market Research Analyst
            225113 Marketing Specialist
          2252 ICT Sales Professionals
            225200 ICT Sales Professionals nfd
            225211 ICT Account Manager
            225212 ICT Business Development Manager
            225213 ICT Sales Representative
          2253 Public Relations Professionals
            225311 Public Relations Professional
          2254 Technical Sales Representatives
            225400 Technical Sales Representatives nfd
            225411 Sales Representative (Industrial Products)
            225412 Sales Representative (Medical and Pharmaceutical Products)
            225499 Technical Sales Representatives nec
      23 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals
        230 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
          2300 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
            230000 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
        231 Air and Marine Transport Professionals
          2310 Air and Marine Transport Professionals nfd
            231000 Air and Marine Transport Professionals nfd
          2311 Air Transport Professionals
            231100 Air Transport Professionals nfd
            231111 Aeroplane Pilot
            231112 Air Traffic Controller
            231113 Flying Instructor
            231114 Helicopter Pilot
            231199 Air Transport Professionals nec
          2312 Marine Transport Professionals
            231200 Marine Transport Professionals nfd
            231211 Master Fisher
            231212 Ship's Engineer
            231213 Ship's Master
            231214 Ship's Officer
            231215 Marine Surveyor
            231299 Marine Transport Professionals nec
        232 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors
          2320 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors nfd
            232000 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors nfd
          2321 Architects and Landscape Architects
            232100 Architects and Landscape Architects nfd
            232111 Architect
            232112 Landscape Architect
          2322 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists
            232200 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists nfd
            232212 Surveyor
            232213 Cartographer
            232214 Other Spatial Scientist
          2323 Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers
            232300 Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers nfd
            232311 Fashion Designer
            232312 Industrial Designer
            232313 Jewellery Designer
          2324 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators
            232400 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators nfd
            232411 Graphic Designer
            232412 Illustrator
            232413 Multimedia Designer
            232414 Web Designer
          2325 Interior Designers  
            232511 Interior Designer
          2326 Urban and Regional Planners
            232611 Urban and Regional Planner
        233 Engineering Professionals  
          2330 Engineering Professionals nfd
            233000 Engineering Professionals nfd
          2331 Chemical and Materials Engineers
            233100 Chemical and Materials Engineers nfd
            233111 Chemical Engineer
            233112 Materials Engineer
          2332 Civil Engineering Professionals
            233200 Civil Engineering Professionals nfd
            233211 Civil Engineer
            233212 Geotechnical Engineer
            233213 Quantity Surveyor
            233214 Structural Engineer
            233215 Transport Engineer
          2333 Electrical Engineers
            233311 Electrical Engineer
          2334 Electronics Engineers
            233411 Electronics Engineer
          2335 Industrial, Mechanical and Production Engineers
            233500 Industrial, Mechanical and Production Engineers nfd
            233511 Industrial Engineer
            233512 Mechanical Engineer
            233513 Production or Plant Engineer
          2336 Mining Engineers  
            233600 Mining Engineers nfd
            233611 Mining Engineer (excluding Petroleum)
            233612 Petroleum Engineer
          2339 Other Engineering Professionals
            233900 Other Engineering Professionals nfd
            233911 Aeronautical Engineer
            233912 Agricultural Engineer
            233913 Biomedical Engineer
            233914 Engineering Technologist
            233915 Environmental Engineer
            233916 Naval Architect
            233999 Engineering Professionals nec
        234 Natural and Physical Science Professionals
          2340 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
            234000 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
          2341 Agricultural and Forestry Scientists
            234100 Agricultural and Forestry Scientists nfd
            234111 Agricultural Consultant
            234112 Agricultural Scientist
            234113 Forester
          2342 Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists
            234200 Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists nfd
            234211 Chemist
            234212 Food Technologist
            234213 Wine Maker
          2343 Environmental Scientists
            234300 Environmental Scientists nfd
            234311 Conservation Officer
            234312 Environmental Consultant
            234313 Environmental Research Scientist
            234314 Park Ranger
            234399 Environmental Scientists nec
          2344 Geologists, Geophysicists and Hydrogeologists
            234400 Geologists, Geophysicists and Hydrogeologists nfd
            234411 Geologist
            234412 Geophysicist
            234413 Hydrogeologist
          2345 Life Scientists  
            234500 Life Scientists nfd
            234511 Life Scientist (General)
            234513 Biochemist
            234514 Biotechnologist
            234515 Botanist
            234516 Marine Biologist
            234517 Microbiologist
            234518 Zoologist
            234599 Life Scientists nec
          2346 Medical Laboratory Scientists
            234611 Medical Laboratory Scientist
          2347 Veterinarians  
            234711 Veterinarian
          2349 Other Natural and Physical Science Professionals
            234900 Other Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
            234911 Conservator
            234912 Metallurgist
            234913 Meteorologist
            234914 Physicist
            234915 Exercise Physiologist
            234999 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nec
      24 Education Professionals  
        240 Education Professionals nfd
          2400  Education Professionals nfd
            240000 Education Professionals nfd
        241 School Teachers  
          2410 School Teachers nfd
            241000 School Teachers nfd
          2411 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teachers
            241111 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teacher
          2412 Primary School Teachers
            241213 Primary School Teacher
          2413 Middle School Teachers (Aus) / Intermediate School Teachers (NZ)
            241311 Middle School Teacher
          2414 Secondary School Teachers
            241411 Secondary School Teacher
          2415 Special Education Teachers
            241500 Special Education Teachers nfd
            241511 Special Needs Teacher
            241512 Teacher of the Hearing Impaired
            241513 Teacher of the Sight Impaired
            241599 Special Education Teachers nec
        242 Tertiary Education Teachers
          2420 Tertiary Education Teachers nfd
            242000 Tertiary Education Teachers nfd
          2421 University Lecturers and Tutors
            242100 University Lecturers and Tutors nfd
            242111 University Lecturer
            242112 University Tutor
          2422 Vocational Education Teachers (Aus) / Polytechnic Teachers (NZ)
            242211 Vocational Education Teacher
        249 Miscellaneous Education Professionals
          2490 Miscellaneous Education Professionals nfd
            249000 Miscellaneous Education Professionals nfd
          2491 Education Advisers and Reviewers
            249100 Education Advisers and Reviewers nfd
            249111 Education Adviser
            249112 Education Reviewer
          2492 Private Tutors and Teachers
            249200 Private Tutors and Teachers nfd
            249211 Art Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249212 Dance Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249213 Drama Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249214 Music Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249299 Private Tutors and Teachers nec
          2493 Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
            249311 Teacher of English to Speakers of Other Languages
      25 Health Professionals    
        250 Health Professionals nfd  
          2500 Health Professionals nfd
            250000 Health Professionals nfd
        251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals
          2510 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
            251000 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
          2511 Nutrition Professionals
            251100 Nutrition Professionals nfd
            251111 Dietitian
            251112 Nutritionist
          2512 Medical Imaging Professionals
            251200 Medical Imaging Professionals nfd
            251211 Medical Diagnostic Radiographer
            251212 Medical Radiation Therapist
            251213 Nuclear Medicine Technologist
            251214 Sonographer
          2513 Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals
            251300 Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals nfd
            251311 Environmental Health Officer
            251312 Occupational Health and Safety Adviser
          2514 Optometrists and Orthoptists
            251400 Optometrists and Orthoptists nfd
            251411 Optometrist
            251412 Orthoptist
          2515 Pharmacists  
            251500 Pharmacists nfd
            251511 Hospital Pharmacist
            251512 Industrial Pharmacist
            251513 Retail Pharmacist
          2519 Other Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals
            251900 Other Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
            251911 Health Promotion Officer
            251912 Orthotist or Prosthetist
            251999 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nec
        252 Health Therapy Professionals
          2520 Health Therapy Professionals nfd
            252000 Health Therapy Professionals nfd
          2521 Chiropractors and Osteopaths
            252100 Chiropractors and Osteopaths nfd
            252111 Chiropractor
            252112 Osteopath
          2522 Complementary Health Therapists
            252200 Complementary Health Therapists nfd
            252211 Acupuncturist
            252212 Homoeopath
            252213 Naturopath
            252214 Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioner
            252299 Complementary Health Therapists nec
          2523 Dental Practitioners
            252300 Dental Practitioners nfd
            252311 Dental Specialist
            252312 Dentist
          2524 Occupational Therapists
            252411 Occupational Therapist
          2525 Physiotherapists  
            252511 Physiotherapist
          2526 Podiatrists  
            252611 Podiatrist
          2527 Audiologists and Speech Pathologists \ Therapists
            252700 Audiologists and Speech Pathologists \ Therapists nfd
            252711 Audiologist
            252712 Speech Pathologist
        253 Medical Practitioners  
          2530 Medical Practitioners nfd
            253000 Medical Practitioners nfd
          2531 General Practitioners and Resident Medical Officers
            253100 General Practitioners and Resident Medical Officers nfd
            253111 General Practitioner
            253112 Resident Medical Officer
          2532 Anaesthetists  
            253211 Anaesthetist
          2533 Specialist Physicians
            253300 Specialist Physicians nfd
            253311 Specialist Physician (General Medicine)
            253312 Cardiologist
            253313 Clinical Haematologist
            253314 Medical Oncologist
            253315 Endocrinologist
            253316 Gastroenterologist
            253317 Intensive Care Specialist
            253318 Neurologist
            253321 Paediatrician
            253322 Renal Medicine Specialist
            253323 Rheumatologist
            253324 Thoracic Medicine Specialist
            253399 Specialist Physicians nec
          2534 Psychiatrists  
            253411 Psychiatrist
          2535 Surgeons  
            253500 Surgeons nfd
            253511 Surgeon (General)
            253512 Cardiothoracic Surgeon
            253513 Neurosurgeon
            253514 Orthopaedic Surgeon
            253515 Otorhinolaryngologist
            253516 Paediatric Surgeon
            253517 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
            253518 Urologist
            253521 Vascular Surgeon
          2539 Other Medical Practitioners
            253900 Other Medical Practitioners nfd
            253911 Dermatologist
            253912 Emergency Medicine Specialist
            253913 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
            253914 Ophthalmologist
            253915 Pathologist
            253917 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiologist
            253918 Radiation Oncologist
            253999 Medical Practitioners nec
        254 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals
          2540 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals nfd
            254000 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals nfd
          2541 Midwives  
            254111 Midwife
          2542 Nurse Educators and Researchers
            254200 Nurse Educators and Researchers nfd
            254211 Nurse Educator
            254212 Nurse Researcher
          2543 Nurse Managers  
            254311 Nurse Manager
          2544 Registered Nurses
            254400 Registered Nurses nfd
            254411 Nurse Practitioner
            254412 Registered Nurse (Aged Care)
            254413 Registered Nurse (Child and Family Health)
            254414 Registered Nurse (Community Health)
            254415 Registered Nurse (Critical Care and Emergency)
            254416 Registered Nurse (Developmental Disability)
            254417 Registered Nurse (Disability and Rehabilitation)
            254418 Registered Nurse (Medical)
            254421 Registered Nurse (Medical Practice)
            254422 Registered Nurse (Mental Health)
            254423 Registered Nurse (Perioperative)
            254424 Registered Nurse (Surgical)
            254425 Registered Nurse (Paediatrics)
            254499 Registered Nurses nec
      26 ICT Professionals    
        260 ICT Professionals nfd  
          2600 ICT Professionals nfd
            260000 ICT Professionals nfd
        261 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers
          2610 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers nfd
            261000 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers nfd
          2611 ICT Business and Systems Analysts
            261100 ICT Business and Systems Analysts nfd
            261111 ICT Business Analyst
            261112 Systems Analyst
          2612 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers
            261200 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers nfd
            261211 Multimedia Specialist
            261212 Web Developer
          2613 Software and Applications Programmers
            261300 Software and Applications Programmers nfd
            261311 Analyst Programmer
            261312 Developer Programmer
            261313 Software Engineer
            261314 Software Tester
            261399 Software and Applications Programmers nec
        262 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists
          2621 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists
            262100 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists nfd
            262111 Database Administrator
            262112 ICT Security Specialist
            262113 Systems Administrator
        263 ICT Network and Support Professionals
          2630 ICT Network and Support Professionals nfd
            263000 ICT Network and Support Professionals nfd
          2631 Computer Network Professionals
            263100 Computer Network Professionals nfd
            263111 Computer Network and Systems Engineer
            263112 Network Administrator
            263113 Network Analyst
          2632 ICT Support and Test Engineers
            263200 ICT Support and Test Engineers nfd
            263211 ICT Quality Assurance Engineer
            263212 ICT Support Engineer
            263213 ICT Systems Test Engineer
            263299 ICT Support and Test Engineers nec
          2633 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals
            263300 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals nfd
            263311 Telecommunications Engineer
            263312 Telecommunications Network Engineer
      27 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals
        270 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
          2700 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
            270000 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
        271 Legal Professionals  
          2710 Legal Professionals nfd
            271000 Legal Professionals nfd
          2711 Barristers  
            271111 Barrister
          2712 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals
            271200 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals nfd
            271211 Judge
            271212 Magistrate
            271213 Tribunal Member
            271214 Intellectual Property Lawyer
            271299 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals nec
          2713 Solicitors  
            271311 Solicitor
        272 Social and Welfare Professionals
          2720 Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
            272000 Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
          2721 Counsellors  
            272100 Counsellors nfd
            272111 Careers Counsellor
            272112 Drug and Alcohol Counsellor
            272113 Family and Marriage Counsellor
            272114 Rehabilitation Counsellor
            272115 Student Counsellor
            272199 Counsellors nec
          2722 Ministers of Religion
            272211 Minister of Religion
          2723 Psychologists  
            272300 Psychologists nfd
            272311 Clinical Psychologist
            272312 Educational Psychologist
            272313 Organisational Psychologist
            272314 Psychotherapist
            272399 Psychologists nec
          2724 Social Professionals
            272400 Social Professionals nfd
            272411 Historian
            272412 Interpreter
            272413 Translator
            272414 Archaeologist
            272499 Social Professionals nec
          2725 Social Workers  
            272511 Social Worker
          2726 Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers
            272600 Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers nfd
            272611 Community Arts Worker
            272612 Recreation Officer
            272613 Welfare Worker

    3 Technicians and Trades Workers

    3 Technicians and Trades Workers  
      30 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd  
        300 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3000 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            300000 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
      31 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians
        310 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
          3100 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
            310000 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
        311 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians
          3110 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians nfd
            311000 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians nfd
          3111 Agricultural Technicians
            311111 Agricultural Technician
          3112 Medical Technicians
            311200 Medical Technicians nfd
            311211 Anaesthetic Technician
            311212 Cardiac Technician
            311213 Medical Laboratory Technician
            311214 Operating Theatre Technician
            311215 Pharmacy Technician
            311216 Pathology Collector
            311299 Medical Technicians nec
          3113 Primary Products Inspectors
            311300 Primary Products Inspectors nfd
            311311 Fisheries Officer
            311312 Meat Inspector
            311313 Quarantine Officer
            311399 Primary Products Inspectors nec
          3114 Science Technicians
            311400 Science Technicians nfd
            311411 Chemistry Technician
            311412 Earth Science Technician
            311413 Life Science Technician
            311414 School Laboratory Technician
            311415 Hydrographer
            311499 Science Technicians nec
        312 Building and Engineering Technicians
          3120 Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
            312000 Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
          3121 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians
            312100 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians nfd
            312111 Architectural Draftsperson
            312112 Building Associate
            312113 Building Inspector
            312114 Construction Estimator
            312115 Plumbing Inspector
            312116 Surveying or Spatial Science Technician
            312199 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians nec
          3122 Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312200 Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312211 Civil Engineering Draftsperson
            312212 Civil Engineering Technician
          3123 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312300 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312311 Electrical Engineering Draftsperson
            312312 Electrical Engineering Technician
          3124 Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312400 Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312411 Electronic Engineering Draftsperson
            312412 Electronic Engineering Technician
          3125 Mechanical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312500 Mechanical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312511 Mechanical Engineering Draftsperson
            312512 Mechanical Engineering Technician
          3126 Safety Inspectors
            312611 Safety Inspector
          3129 Other Building and Engineering Technicians
            312900 Other Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
            312911 Maintenance Planner
            312912 Metallurgical or Materials Technician
            312913 Mine Deputy
            312999 Building and Engineering Technicians nec
        313 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians
          3130 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians nfd
            313000 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians nfd
          3131 ICT Support Technicians
            313100 ICT Support Technicians nfd
            313111 Hardware Technician
            313112 ICT Customer Support Officer
            313113 Web Administrator
            313199 ICT Support Technicians nec
          3132 Telecommunications Technical Specialists
            313200 Telecommunications Technical Specialists nfd
            313211 Radiocommunications Technician
            313212 Telecommunications Field Engineer
            313213 Telecommunications Network Planner
            313214 Telecommunications Technical Officer or Technologist
      32 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers
        320 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3200 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            320000 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
        321 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics
          3210 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics nfd
            321000 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics nfd
          3211 Automotive Electricians
            321111 Automotive Electrician
          3212 Motor Mechanics  
            321200 Motor Mechanics nfd
            321211 Motor Mechanic (General)
            321212 Diesel Motor Mechanic
            321213 Motorcycle Mechanic
            321214 Small Engine Mechanic
        322 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers
          3220 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            322000 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3221 Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers
            322100 Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers nfd
            322111 Blacksmith
            322112 Electroplater
            322113 Farrier
            322114 Metal Casting Trades Worker
            322115 Metal Polisher
          3222 Sheetmetal Trades Workers
            322211 Sheetmetal Trades Worker
          3223 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
            322300 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers nfd
            322311 Metal Fabricator
            322312 Pressure Welder
            322313 Welder (First Class)
        323 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers
          3230 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            323000 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3231 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers
            323100 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers nfd
            323111 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Avionics)
            323112 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Mechanical)
            323113 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Structures)
          3232 Metal Fitters and Machinists
            323200 Metal Fitters and Machinists nfd
            323211 Fitter (General)
            323212 Fitter and Turner
            323213 Fitter-Welder
            323214 Metal Machinist (First Class)
            323215 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Mechanic
            323299 Metal Fitters and Machinists nec
          3233 Precision Metal Trades Workers
            323300 Precision Metal Trades Workers nfd
            323311 Engraver
            323312 Gunsmith
            323313 Locksmith
            323314 Precision Instrument Maker and Repairer
            323315 Saw Doctor
            323316 Watch and Clock Maker and Repairer
          3234 Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers
            323400 Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers nfd
            323411 Engineering Patternmaker
            323412 Toolmaker
        324 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters
          3240 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters nfd
            324000 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters nfd
          3241 Panelbeaters  
            324111 Panelbeater
          3242 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers
            324200 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers nfd
            324211 Vehicle Body Builder
            324212 Vehicle Trimmer
          3243 Vehicle Painters  
            324311 Vehicle Painter
      33 Construction Trades Workers  
        330 Construction Trades Workers nfd
          3300 Construction Trades Workers nfd
            330000 Construction Trades Workers nfd
        331 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners
          3310 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners nfd
            331000 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners nfd
          3311 Bricklayers and Stonemasons
            331100 Bricklayers and Stonemasons nfd
            331111 Bricklayer
            331112 Stonemason
          3312 Carpenters and Joiners
            331211 Carpenter and Joiner
            331212 Carpenter
            331213 Joiner
        332 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers
          3320 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers nfd
            332000 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers nfd
          3321 Floor Finishers  
            332111 Floor Finisher
          3322 Painting Trades Workers
            332211 Painting Trades Worker
        333 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers  
          3330 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers nfd
            333000 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers nfd
          3331 Glaziers  
            333111 Glazier
          3332 Plasterers  
            333200 Plasterers nfd
            333211 Fibrous Plasterer
            333212 Solid Plasterer
          3333 Roof Tilers  
            333311 Roof Tiler
          3334 Wall and Floor Tilers
            333411 Wall and Floor Tiler
        334 Plumbers    
          3341 Plumbers  
            334100 Plumbers nfd
            334111 Plumber (General)
            334112 Airconditioning and Mechanical Services Plumber
            334113 Drainer
            334114 Gasfitter
            334115 Roof Plumber
      34 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers
        340 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
          3400 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            340000 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
        341 Electricians    
          3411 Electricians  
            341100 Electricians nfd
            341111 Electrician (General)
            341112 Electrician (Special Class)
            341113 Lift Mechanic
        342 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers
          3420 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            342000 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
          3421 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics
            342111 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanic
          3422 Electrical Distribution Trades Workers
            342200 Electrical Distribution Trades Workers nfd
            342211 Electrical Linesworker
            342212 Technical Cable Jointer
          3423 Electronics Trades Workers
            342300 Electronics Trades Workers nfd
            342311 Business Machine Mechanic
            342312 Communications Operator
            342313 Electronic Equipment Trades Worker
            342314 Electronic Instrument Trades Worker (General)
            342315 Electronic Instrument Trades Worker (Special Class)
          3424 Telecommunications Trades Workers
            342400 Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            342411 Cabler (Data and Telecommunications)
            342412 Telecommunications Cable Jointer
            342413 Telecommunications Linesworker
            342414 Telecommunications Technician
      35 Food Trades Workers  
        351 Food Trades Workers  
          3510 Food Trades Workers nfd
            351000 Food Trades Workers nfd
          3511 Bakers and Pastrycooks
            351100 Bakers and Pastrycooks nfd
            351111 Baker
            351112 Pastrycook
          3512  Butchers and Smallgoods Makers
            351211 Butcher or Smallgoods Maker
          3513 Chefs  
            351311 Chef
          3514 Cooks  
            351411 Cook
      36 Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers
        360 Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers nfd
          3600 Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers nfd
            360000 Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers nfd
        361 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Shearers
          3610 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Shearers nfd
            361000 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Shearers nfd
          3611 Animal Attendants and Trainers
            361100 Animal Attendants and Trainers nfd
            361111 Dog Handler or Trainer
            361112 Horse Trainer
            361113 Pet Groomer
            361114 Zookeeper
            361115 Kennel Hand
            361199 Animal Attendants and Trainers nec
          3612 Shearers  
            361211 Shearer
          3613 Veterinary Nurses
            361311 Veterinary Nurse
        362 Horticultural Trades Workers  
          3620 Horticultural Trades Workers nfd
            362000 Horticultural Trades Workers nfd
          3621 Florists  
            362111 Florist
          3622 Gardeners  
            362200 Gardeners nfd
            362211 Gardener (General)
            362212 Arborist
            362213 Landscape Gardener
          3623 Greenkeepers  
            362311 Greenkeeper
          3624 Nurserypersons  
            362411 Nurseryperson
      39 Other Technicians and Trades Workers
        390 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3900 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            390000 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
        391 Hairdressers  
          3911 Hairdressers  
            391111 Hairdresser
        392 Printing Trades Workers  
          3920 Printing Trades Workers nfd
            392000 Printing Trades Workers nfd
          3921 Print Finishers and Screen Printers
            392100 Print Finishers and Screen Printers nfd
            392111 Print Finisher
            392112 Screen Printer
          3922 Graphic Pre-press Trades Workers
            392211 Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker
          3923 Printers  
            392300 Printers nfd
            392311 Printing Machinist
            392312 Small Offset Printer
        393 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers
          3930 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers nfd
            393000 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers nfd
          3931 Canvas and Leather Goods Makers
            393100 Canvas and Leather Goods Makers nfd
            393111 Canvas Goods Fabricator
            393112 Leather Goods Maker
            393113 Sail Maker
            393114 Shoemaker
          3932 Clothing Trades Workers
            393200 Clothing Trades Workers nfd
            393211 Apparel Cutter
            393212 Clothing Patternmaker
            393213 Dressmaker or Tailor
            393299 Clothing Trades Workers nec
          3933 Upholsterers  
            393311 Upholsterer
        394 Wood Trades Workers  
          3940 Wood Trades Workers nfd
            394000 Wood Trades Workers nfd
          3941 Cabinetmakers  
            394111 Cabinetmaker
          3942 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers
            394200 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers nfd
            394211 Furniture Finisher
            394212 Picture Framer
            394213 Wood Machinist
            394214 Wood Turner
            394299 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers nec
        399 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers
          3990 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            399000 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3991 Boat Builders and Shipwrights
            399100 Boat Builders and Shipwrights nfd
            399111 Boat Builder and Repairer
            399112 Shipwright
          3992 Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power Generation Plant Operators
            399200 Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power Generation Plant Operators nfd
            399211 Chemical Plant Operator
            399212 Gas or Petroleum Operator
            399213 Power Generation Plant Operator
          3993 Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians
            399300 Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians nfd
            399311 Gallery or Museum Technician
            399312 Library Technician
          3994 Jewellers  
            399411 Jeweller
          3995 Performing Arts Technicians
            399500 Performing Arts Technicians nfd
            399511 Broadcast Transmitter Operator
            399512 Camera Operator (Film, Television or Video)
            399513 Light Technician
            399514 Make Up Artist
            399515 Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer
            399516 Sound Technician
            399517 Television Equipment Operator
            399599 Performing Arts Technicians nec
          3996 Signwriters  
            399611 Signwriter
          3999 Other Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers
            399900 Other Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            399911 Diver
            399912 Interior Decorator
            399913 Optical Dispenser
            399914 Optical Mechanic
            399915 Photographer's Assistant
            399916 Plastics Technician
            399917 Wool Classer
            399918 Fire Protection Equipment Technician
            399999 Technicians and Trades Workers nec

    4 Community And Personal Service Workers

    4 Community And Personal Service Workers  
      40 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
        400 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
          4000 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
            400000 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
      41 Health and Welfare Support Workers  
        411 Health and Welfare Support Workers
          4110 Health and Welfare Support Workers nfd
            411000 Health and Welfare Support Workers nfd
          4111 Ambulance Officers and Paramedics
            411100 Ambulance Officers and Paramedics nfd
            411111 Ambulance Officer
            411112 Intensive Care Ambulance Paramedic
          4112 Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists
            411200 Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists nfd
            411211 Dental Hygienist
            411212 Dental Prosthetist
            411213 Dental Technician
            411214 Dental Therapist
          4113 Diversional Therapists
            411311 Diversional Therapist
          4114 Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurses
            411400 Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurses nfd
            411411 Enrolled Nurse
            411412 Mothercraft Nurse
          4115 Indigenous Health Workers
            411511 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker
          4116 Massage Therapists
            411611 Massage Therapist
          4117 Welfare Support Workers
            411700 Welfare Support Workers nfd
            411711 Community Worker
            411712 Disabilities Services Officer
            411713 Family Support Worker
            411714 Parole or Probation Officer
            411715 Residential Care Officer
            411716 Youth Worker
      42 Carers and Aides    
        420 Carers and Aides nfd  
          4200 Carers and Aides nfd
            420000 Carers and Aides nfd
        421 Child Carers  
          4211 Child Carers  
            421100 Child Carers nfd
            421111 Child Care Worker
            421112 Family Day Care Worker
            421113 Nanny
            421114 Out of School Hours Care Worker
        422 Education Aides  
          4221 Education Aides  
            422100 Education Aides nfd
            422111 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Worker
            422112 Integration Aide
            422115 Preschool Aide
            422116 Teachers' Aide
        423 Personal Carers and Assistants
          4230 Personal Carers and Assistants nfd
            423000 Personal Carers and Assistants nfd
          4231 Aged and Disabled Carers
            423111 Aged or Disabled Carer
          4232 Dental Assistants  
            423211 Dental Assistant
          4233 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
            423300 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers nfd
            423311 Hospital Orderly
            423312 Nursing Support Worker
            423313 Personal Care Assistant
            423314 Therapy Aide
          4234 Special Care Workers
            423400 Special Care Workers nfd
            423411 Child or Youth Residential Care Assistant
            423412 Hostel Parent
            423413 Refuge Worker
      43  Hospitality Workers    
        431 Hospitality Workers  
          4310 Hospitality Workers nfd
            431000 Hospitality Workers nfd
          4311 Bar Attendants and Baristas
            431100 Bar Attendants and Baristas nfd
            431111 Bar Attendant
            431112 Barista
          4312 Cafe Workers  
            431211 Cafe Worker
          4313 Gaming Workers  
            431311 Gaming Worker
          4314 Hotel Service Managers
            431411 Hotel Service Manager
          4315 Waiters  
            431511 Waiter
          4319 Other Hospitality Workers
            431900 Other Hospitality Workers nfd
            431911 Bar Useful or Busser
            431912 Doorperson or Luggage Porter
            431999 Hospitality Workers nec
      44 Protective Service Workers  
        440 Protective Service Workers nfd
          4400 Protective Service Workers nfd
            440000 Protective Service Workers nfd
        441 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police
          4410 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police nfd
            441000 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police nfd
          4411 Defence Force Members - Other Ranks
            441111 Defence Force Member - Other Ranks
          4412 Fire and Emergency Workers
            441200 Fire and Emergency Workers nfd
            441211 Emergency Service Worker
            441212 Fire Fighter
          4413 Police  
            441300 Police nfd
            441311 Detective
            441312 Police Officer
        442 Prison and Security Officers  
          4420 Prison and Security Officers nfd
            442000 Prison and Security Officers nfd
          4421 Prison Officers  
            442111 Prison Officer
          4422 Security Officers and Guards
            442200 Security Officers and Guards nfd
            442211 Alarm, Security or Surveillance Monitor
            442212 Armoured Car Escort
            442213 Crowd Controller
            442214 Private Investigator
            442215 Retail Loss Prevention Officer
            442216 Security Consultant
            442217 Security Officer
            442299 Security Officers and Guards nec
      45 Sports and Personal Service Workers  
        450 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
          4500 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
            450000 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
        451 Personal Service and Travel Workers
          4510 Personal Service and Travel Workers nfd
            451000 Personal Service and Travel Workers nfd
          4511 Beauty Therapists
            451111 Beauty Therapist
          4512 Driving Instructors
            451211 Driving Instructor
          4513 Funeral Workers  
            451300 Funeral Workers nfd
            451311 Funeral Director
            451399 Funeral Workers nec
          4514 Gallery, Museum and Tour Guides
            451400 Gallery, Museum and Tour Guides nfd
            451411 Gallery or Museum Guide
            451412 Tour Guide
          4515 Personal Care Consultants
            451500 Personal Care Consultants nfd
            451511 Natural Remedy Consultant
            451512 Weight Loss Consultant
            451513 Herbalist (Western)
          4516 Tourism and Travel Advisers
            451600 Tourism and Travel Advisers nfd
            451611 Tourist Information Officer
            451612 Travel Consultant
          4517 Travel Attendants
            451700 Travel Attendants nfd
            451711 Flight Attendant
            451799 Travel Attendants nec
          4518 Other Personal Service Workers
            451800 Other Personal Service Workers nfd
            451811 Civil Celebrant
            451812 Hair or Beauty Salon Assistant
            451813 Sex Worker or Escort
            451814 Body Artist
            451815 First Aid Trainer
            451816 Religious Assistant
            451899 Personal Service Workers nec
        452 Sports and Fitness Workers  
          4520 Sports and Fitness Workers nfd
            452000 Sports and Fitness Workers nfd
          4521 Fitness Instructors
            452111 Fitness Instructor
          4522 Outdoor Adventure Guides
            452200 Outdoor Adventure Guides nfd
            452211 Bungy Jump Master
            452212 Fishing Guide
            452213 Hunting Guide
            452214 Mountain or Glacier Guide
            452215 Outdoor Adventure Instructor
            452216 Trekking Guide
            452217 Whitewater Rafting Guide
            452299 Outdoor Adventure Guides nec
          4523 Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
            452300 Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials nfd
            452311 Diving Instructor (Open Water)
            452312 Gymnastics Coach or Instructor
            452313 Horse Riding Coach or Instructor
            452314 Snowsport Instructor
            452315 Swimming Coach or Instructor
            452316 Tennis Coach
            452317 Other Sports Coach or Instructor
            452318 Dog or Horse Racing Official
            452321 Sports Development Officer
            452322 Sports Umpire
            452323 Other Sports Official
          4524 Sportspersons  
            452400 Sportspersons nfd
            452411 Footballer
            452412 Golfer
            452413 Jockey
            452414 Lifeguard
            452499 Sportspersons nec

    5 Clerical And Administrative Workers

    5 Clerical And Administrative Workers  
      50 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
        500 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5000 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            500000 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
      51 Office Managers and Program Administrators
        510 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
          5100 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
            510000 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
        511 Contract, Program and Project Administrators
          5111 Contract, Program and Project Administrators
            511100 Contract, Program and Project Administrators nfd
            511111 Contract Administrator
            511112 Program or Project Administrator
        512 Office and Practice Managers  
          5120 Office and Practice Managers nfd
            512000 Office and Practice Managers nfd
          5121 Office Managers  
            512111 Office Manager
          5122 Practice Managers
            512200 Practice Managers nfd
            512211 Health Practice Manager
            512299 Practice Managers nec
      52 Personal Assistants and Secretaries  
        521 Personal Assistants and Secretaries
          5210 Personal Assistants and Secretaries nfd
            521000 Personal Assistants and Secretaries nfd
          5211 Personal Assistants
            521111 Personal Assistant
          5212 Secretaries  
            521200 Secretaries nfd
            521211 Secretary (General)
            521212 Legal Secretary
      53 General Clerical Workers  
        530 General Clerical Workers nfd  
          5300 General Clerical Workers nfd
            530000 General Clerical Workers nfd
        531 General Clerks  
          5311 General Clerks  
            531111 General Clerk
        532 Keyboard Operators  
          5321 Keyboard Operators
            532100 Keyboard Operators nfd
            532111 Data Entry Operator
            532112 Machine Shorthand Reporter
            532113 Word Processing Operator
      54 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists  
        540 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
          5400 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
            540000 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
        541 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks
          5410 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks nfd
            541000 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks nfd
          5411 Call or Contact Centre Workers
            541100 Call or Contact Centre Workers nfd
            541111 Call or Contact Centre Team Leader
            541112 Call or Contact Centre Operator
          5412 Information Officers
            541211 Information Officer
        542 Receptionists  
          5421 Receptionists  
            542100 Receptionists nfd
            542111 Receptionist (General)
            542112 Admissions Clerk
            542113 Hotel or Motel Receptionist
            542114 Medical Receptionist
      55 Numerical Clerks    
        550 Numerical Clerks nfd  
           5500  Numerical Clerks nfd
            550000 Numerical Clerks nfd
        551 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers
          5510 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers nfd
            551000 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers nfd
          5511 Accounting Clerks
            551100 Accounting Clerks nfd
            551111 Accounts Clerk
            551112 Cost Clerk
          5512 Bookkeepers  
            551211 Bookkeeper
          5513 Payroll Clerks  
            551311 Payroll Clerk
        552 Financial and Insurance Clerks
          5520 Financial and Insurance Clerks nfd
            552000 Financial and Insurance Clerks nfd
          5521 Bank Workers  
            552111 Bank Worker
          5522 Credit and Loans Officers 
            552211 Credit or Loans Officer
          5523 Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks
            552300 Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks nfd
            552311 Bookmaker
            552312 Insurance Consultant
            552313 Money Market Clerk
            552314 Statistical Clerk
      56 Clerical and Office Support Workers  
        561 Clerical and Office Support Workers
          5610 Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
            561000 Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
          5611 Betting Clerks  
            561100 Betting Clerks nfd
            561111 Betting Agency Counter Clerk
            561112 Bookmaker's Clerk
            561113 Telephone Betting Clerk
            561199 Betting Clerks nec
          5612 Couriers and Postal Deliverers
            561200 Couriers and Postal Deliverers nfd
            561211 Courier
            561212 Postal Delivery Officer
          5613 Filing and Registry Clerks
            561311 Filing or Registry Clerk
          5614 Mail Sorters  
            561400 Mail Sorters nfd
            561411 Mail Clerk
            561412 Postal Sorting Officer
          5615 Survey Interviewers
            561511 Survey Interviewer
          5616 Switchboard Operators
            561611 Switchboard Operator
          5619 Other Clerical and Office Support Workers
            561900 Other Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
            561911 Classified Advertising Clerk
            561912 Meter Reader
            561913 Parking Inspector
            561999 Clerical and Office Support Workers nec
      59 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers
        590 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5900 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            590000 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
        591 Logistics Clerks  
          5910 Logistics Clerks nfd
            591000 Logistics Clerks nfd
          5911 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks
            591100 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks nfd
            591112 Production Clerk
            591113 Purchasing Officer
            591115 Stock Clerk
            591116 Warehouse Administrator
            591117 Order Clerk
          5912 Transport and Despatch Clerks
            591200 Transport and Despatch Clerks nfd
            591211 Despatching and Receiving Clerk
            591212 Import-Export Clerk
        599 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers
          5990 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            599000 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5991 Conveyancers and Legal Executives
            599100 Conveyancers and Legal Executives nfd
            599111 Conveyancer
            599112 Legal Executive
          5992 Court and Legal Clerks
            599200 Court and Legal Clerks nfd
            599211 Clerk of Court
            599212 Court Bailiff or Sheriff
            599213 Court Orderly
            599214 Law Clerk
            599215 Trust Officer
          5993 Debt Collectors  
            599311 Debt Collector
          5994 Human Resource Clerks
            599411 Human Resource Clerk
          5995 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
            599500 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers nfd
            599511 Customs Officer
            599512 Immigration Officer
            599513 Motor Vehicle Licence Examiner
            599514 Noxious Weeds and Pest Inspector
            599515 Social Security Assessor
            599516 Taxation Inspector
            599517 Train Examiner
            599518 Transport Operations Inspector
            599521 Water Inspector
            599599 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers nec
          5996  Insurance Investigators, Loss Adjusters and Risk Surveyors
            599600 Insurance Investigators, Loss Adjusters and Risk Surveyors nfd
            599611 Insurance Investigator
            599612 Insurance Loss Adjuster
            599613 Insurance Risk Surveyor
          5997 Library Assistants
            599711 Library Assistant
          5999 Other Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers
            599900 Other Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            599912 Production Assistant (Film, Television, Radio or Stage)
            599913 Proof Reader
            599914 Radio Despatcher
            599915 Clinical Coder
            599916 Facilities Administrator
            599999 Clerical and Administrative Workers nec

    6 Sales Workers

    6 Sales Workers      
      60 Sales Workers nfd    
        600 Sales Workers nfd  
          6000 Sales Workers nfd
            600000 Sales Workers nfd
      61 Sales Representatives and Agents  
        610 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
          6100 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
            610000 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
        611 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives
          6110 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives nfd
            611000 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives nfd
          6111 Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents
            611100 Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents nfd
            611111 Auctioneer
            611112 Stock and Station Agent
          6112 Insurance Agents
            611211 Insurance Agent
          6113 Sales Representatives
            611300 Sales Representatives nfd
            611311 Sales Representative (Building and Plumbing Supplies)
            611312 Sales Representative (Business Services)
            611313 Sales Representative (Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories)
            611314 Sales Representative (Personal and Household Goods)
            611399 Sales Representatives nec
        612 Real Estate Sales Agents  
          6121 Real Estate Sales Agents
            612100 Real Estate Sales Agents nfd
            612111 Business Broker
            612112 Property Manager
            612113 Real Estate Agency Principal
            612114 Real Estate Agent
            612115 Real Estate Representative
      62 Sales Assistants and Salespersons  
        621 Sales Assistants and Salespersons
          6210 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
            621000 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
          6211 Sales Assistants (General)
            621111 Sales Assistant (General)
          6212 ICT Sales Assistants
            621211 ICT Sales Assistant
          6213 Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons
            621300 Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons nfd
            621311 Motor Vehicle or Caravan Salesperson
            621312 Motor Vehicle Parts Interpreter
          6214 Pharmacy Sales Assistants
            621411 Pharmacy Sales Assistant
          6215 Retail Supervisors
            621511 Retail Supervisor
          6216 Service Station Attendants
            621611 Service Station Attendant
          6217 Street Vendors and Related Salespersons
            621700 Street Vendors and Related Salespersons nfd
            621711 Cash Van Salesperson
            621712 Door-to-door Salesperson
            621713 Street Vendor
          6219 Other Sales Assistants and Salespersons
            621900 Other Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
            621911 Materials Recycler
            621912 Rental Salesperson
            621999 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nec
      63 Sales Support Workers  
        630 Sales Support Workers nfd  
          6300 Sales Support Workers nfd
            630000 Sales Support Workers nfd
        631 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
          6311 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
            631100 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers nfd
            631111 Checkout Operator
            631112 Office Cashier
        639 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers
          6390 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers nfd
            639000 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers nfd
          6391 Models and Sales Demonstrators
            639100 Models and Sales Demonstrators nfd
            639111 Model
            639112 Sales Demonstrator
          6392 Retail and Wool Buyers
            639200 Retail and Wool Buyers nfd
            639211 Retail Buyer
            639212 Wool Buyer
          6393 Telemarketers  
            639311 Telemarketer
          6394 Ticket Salespersons
            639400 Ticket Salespersons nfd
            639411 Ticket Seller
            639412 Transport Conductor
          6395 Visual Merchandisers
            639511 Visual Merchandiser
          6399 Other Sales Support Workers
            639911 Other Sales Support Worker

    7 Machinery Operators and Drivers

    7 Machinery Operators and Drivers  
       70  Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd  
        700 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
          7000 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
            700000 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
      71 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators
        710 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
          7100 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            710000 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
        711 Machine Operators  
          7110 Machine Operators nfd
            711000 Machine Operators nfd
          7111 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators
            711100 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators nfd
            711111 Clay Products Machine Operator
            711112 Concrete Products Machine Operator
            711113 Glass Production Machine Operator
            711114 Stone Processing Machine Operator
            711199 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators nec
          7112 Industrial Spraypainters
            711211 Industrial Spraypainter
          7113 Paper and Wood Processing Machine Operators
            711300 Paper and Wood Processing Machine Operators nfd
            711311 Paper Products Machine Operator
            711313 Sawmilling Operator
            711314 Other Wood Processing Machine Operator
          7114 Photographic Developers and Printers
            711411 Photographic Developer and Printer
          7115 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators
            711500 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators nfd
            711511 Plastic Cablemaking Machine Operator
            711512 Plastic Compounding and Reclamation Machine Operator
            711513 Plastics Fabricator or Welder
            711514 Plastics Production Machine Operator (General)
            711515 Reinforced Plastic and Composite Production Worker
            711516 Rubber Production Machine Operator
            711599 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators nec
          7116 Sewing Machinists
            711611 Sewing Machinist
          7117 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators
            711700 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators nfd
            711711 Footwear Production Machine Operator
            711712 Hide and Skin Processing Machine Operator
            711713 Knitting Machine Operator
            711714 Textile Dyeing and Finishing Machine Operator
            711715 Weaving Machine Operator
            711716 Yarn Carding and Spinning Machine Operator
            711799 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators nec
          7119 Other Machine Operators
            711900 Other Machine Operators nfd
            711911 Chemical Production Machine Operator
            711912 Motion Picture Projectionist
            711913 Sand Blaster
            711914 Sterilisation Technician
            711999 Machine Operators nec
        712 Stationary Plant Operators  
          7120 Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            712000 Stationary Plant Operators nfd
          7121 Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators
            712111 Crane, Hoist or Lift Operator
          7122 Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers
            712200 Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers nfd
            712211 Driller
            712212 Miner
            712213 Shot Firer
          7123 Engineering Production Workers
            712311 Engineering Production Worker
          7129 Other Stationary Plant Operators
            712900 Other Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            712911 Boiler or Engine Operator
            712912 Bulk Materials Handling Plant Operator
            712913 Cement Production Plant Operator
            712914 Concrete Batching Plant Operator
            712915 Concrete Pump Operator
            712916 Paper and Pulp Mill Operator
            712917 Railway Signal Operator
            712918 Train Controller
            712921 Waste Water or Water Plant Operator
            712922 Weighbridge Operator
            712999 Stationary Plant Operators nec
      72 Mobile Plant Operators  
        721 Mobile Plant Operators  
          7210 Mobile Plant Operators nfd
            721000 Mobile Plant Operators nfd
          7211 Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Plant Operators
            721100 Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Plant Operators nfd
            721111 Agricultural and Horticultural Mobile Plant Operator
            721112 Logging Plant Operator
          7212 Earthmoving Plant Operators
            721200 Earthmoving Plant Operators nfd
            721211 Earthmoving Plant Operator (General)
            721212 Backhoe Operator
            721213 Bulldozer Operator
            721214 Excavator Operator
            721215 Grader Operator
            721216 Loader Operator
          7213 Forklift Drivers  
            721311 Forklift Driver
          7219 Other Mobile Plant Operators
            721900 Other Mobile Plant Operators nfd
            721911 Aircraft Baggage Handler and Airline Ground Crew
            721912 Linemarker
            721913 Paving Plant Operator
            721914 Railway Track Plant Operator
            721915 Road Roller Operator
            721916 Streetsweeper Operator
            721999 Mobile Plant Operators nec
      73 Road and Rail Drivers    
        730 Road and Rail Drivers nfd  
          7300 Road and Rail Drivers nfd
            730000 Road and Rail Drivers nfd
        731 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers
          7310 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers nfd
            731000 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers nfd
          7311 Automobile Drivers
            731100 Automobile Drivers nfd
            731111 Chauffeur
            731112 Taxi Driver
            731199 Automobile Drivers nec
          7312 Bus and Coach Drivers
            731200 Bus and Coach Drivers nfd
            731211 Bus Driver
            731212 Charter and Tour Bus Driver
            731213 Passenger Coach Driver
          7313 Train and Tram Drivers
            731300 Train and Tram Drivers nfd
            731311 Train Driver
            731312 Tram Driver
        732 Delivery Drivers  
          7321 Delivery Drivers  
            732111 Delivery Driver
        733 Truck Drivers  
          7331 Truck Drivers  
            733100 Truck Drivers nfd
            733111 Truck Driver (General)
            733112 Aircraft Refueller
            733113 Furniture Removalist
            733114 Tanker Driver
            733115 Tow Truck Driver
      74 Storepersons    
        741 Storepersons  
          7411 Storepersons  
            741111 Storeperson

    8 Labourers

    8 Labourers      
      80 Labourers nfd    
        800 Labourers nfd  
          8000 Labourers nfd  
            800000 Labourers nfd
       81  Cleaners and Laundry Workers  
        811 Cleaners and Laundry Workers
          8110 Cleaners and Laundry Workers nfd
            811000 Cleaners and Laundry Workers nfd
          8111 Car Detailers  
            811111 Car Detailer
          8112 Commercial Cleaners
            811211 Commercial Cleaner
          8113 Domestic Cleaners
            811311 Domestic Cleaner
          8114 Housekeepers  
            811400 Housekeepers nfd
            811411 Commercial Housekeeper
            811412 Domestic Housekeeper
          8115 Laundry Workers  
            811500 Laundry Workers nfd
            811511 Laundry Worker (General)
            811512 Drycleaner
            811513 Ironer or Presser
          8116 Other Cleaners  
            811600 Other Cleaners nfd
            811611 Carpet Cleaner
            811612 Window Cleaner
            811699 Cleaners nec
      82 Construction and Mining Labourers  
         821  Construction and Mining Labourers
          8210 Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
            821000 Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
          8211 Building and Plumbing Labourers
            821100 Building and Plumbing Labourers nfd
            821111 Builder's Labourer
            821112 Drainage, Sewerage and Stormwater Labourer
            821113 Earthmoving Labourer
            821114 Plumber's Assistant
          8212 Concreters  
            821211 Concreter
          8213 Fencers  
            821311 Fencer
          8214 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers
            821400 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers nfd
            821411 Building Insulation Installer
            821412 Home Improvement Installer
          8215 Paving and Surfacing Labourers
            821511 Paving and Surfacing Labourer
          8216 Railway Track Workers
            821611 Railway Track Worker
          8217 Structural Steel Construction Workers
            821700 Structural Steel Construction Workers nfd
            821711 Construction Rigger
            821712 Scaffolder
            821713 Steel Fixer
            821714 Structural Steel Erector
          8219 Other Construction and Mining Labourers
            821900 Other Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
            821911 Crane Chaser
            821912 Driller's Assistant
            821913 Lagger
            821914 Mining Support Worker
            821915 Surveyor's Assistant
      83 Factory Process Workers  
        830 Factory Process Workers nfd  
          8300 Factory Process Workers nfd
            830000 Factory Process Workers nfd
        831 Food Process Workers  
          8310 Food Process Workers nfd
            831000 Food Process Workers nfd
          8311 Food and Drink Factory Workers
            831100 Food and Drink Factory Workers nfd
            831111 Baking Factory Worker
            831112 Brewery Worker
            831113 Confectionery Maker
            831114 Dairy Products Maker
            831115 Fruit and Vegetable Factory Worker
            831116 Grain Mill Worker
            831117 Sugar Mill Worker
            831118 Winery Cellar Hand
            831199 Food and Drink Factory Workers nec
          8312 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers
            831200 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers nfd
            831211 Meat Boner and Slicer
            831212 Slaughterer
          8313 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers
            831300 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers nfd
            831311 Meat Process Worker
            831312 Poultry Process Worker
            831313 Seafood Process Worker
        832 Packers and Product Assemblers
          8320 Packers and Product Assemblers nfd
            832000 Packers and Product Assemblers nfd
          8321 Packers  
            832100 Packers nfd
            832111 Chocolate Packer
            832112 Container Filler
            832113 Fruit and Vegetable Packer
            832114 Meat Packer
            832115 Seafood Packer
            832199 Packers nec
          8322 Product Assemblers
            832211 Product Assembler
        839 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers
          8390 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers nfd
            839000 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers nfd
          8391 Metal Engineering Process Workers
            839111 Metal Engineering Process Worker
          8392 Plastics and Rubber Factory Workers
            839200 Plastics and Rubber Factory Workers nfd
            839211 Plastics Factory Worker
            839212 Rubber Factory Worker
          8393 Product Quality Controllers
            839300 Product Quality Controllers nfd
            839311 Product Examiner
            839312 Product Grader
            839313 Product Tester
          8394 Timber and Wood Process Workers
            839400 Timber and Wood Process Workers nfd
            839411 Paper and Pulp Mill Worker
            839412 Sawmill or Timber Yard Worker
            839413 Wood and Wood Products Factory Worker
          8399 Other Factory Process Workers
            839900 Other Factory Process Workers nfd
            839911 Cement and Concrete Plant Worker
            839912 Chemical Plant Worker
            839913 Clay Processing Factory Worker
            839914 Fabric and Textile Factory Worker
            839915 Footwear Factory Worker
            839916 Glass Processing Worker
            839917 Hide and Skin Processing Worker
            839918 Recycling Worker
            839999 Factory Process Workers nec
      84 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers  
        841 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers
          8410 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
            841000 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
          8411 Aquaculture Workers
            841111 Aquaculture Worker
          8412 Crop Farm Workers
            841200 Crop Farm Workers nfd
            841211 Fruit or Nut Farm Worker
            841212 Fruit or Nut Picker
            841213 Grain, Oilseed or Pasture Farm Worker
            841214 Vegetable Farm Worker
            841215 Vegetable Picker
            841216 Vineyard Worker
            841217 Mushroom Picker
            841299 Crop Farm Workers nec
          8413 Forestry and Logging Workers
            841300 Forestry and Logging Workers nfd
            841311 Forestry Worker
            841312 Logging Assistant
            841313 Tree Faller
          8414 Garden and Nursery Labourers
            841400 Garden and Nursery Labourers nfd
            841411 Garden Labourer
            841412 Horticultural Nursery Assistant
          8415 Livestock Farm Workers
            841500 Livestock Farm Workers nfd
            841511 Beef Cattle Farm Worker
            841512 Dairy Cattle Farm Worker
            841513 Mixed Livestock Farm Worker
            841514 Poultry Farm Worker
            841515 Sheep Farm Worker
            841516 Stablehand
            841517 Wool Handler
            841599 Livestock Farm Workers nec
          8416 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Workers
            841611 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm Worker
          8419 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers
            841900 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
            841911 Hunter-Trapper
            841913 Pest Controller
            841999 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nec
      85 Food Preparation Assistants  
        851 Food Preparation Assistants  
          8510 Food Preparation Assistants nfd
            851000 Food Preparation Assistants nfd
          8511 Fast Food Cooks  
            851111 Fast Food Cook
          8512 Food Trades Assistants
            851200 Food Trades Assistants nfd
            851211 Pastrycook's Assistant
            851299 Food Trades Assistants nec
          8513 Kitchenhands  
            851311 Kitchenhand
      89 Other Labourers    
        890 Other Labourers nfd  
          8900 Other Labourers nfd
            890000 Other Labourers nfd
        891 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers
          8910 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers nfd
            891000 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers nfd
          8911 Freight and Furniture Handlers
            891100 Freight and Furniture Handlers nfd
            891111 Freight Handler (Rail or Road)
            891112 Truck Driver's Offsider
            891113 Waterside Worker
          8912 Shelf Fillers  
            891211 Shelf Filler
        899 Miscellaneous Labourers  
          8990 Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
            899000 Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
          8991 Caretakers  
            899111 Caretaker
          8992 Deck and Fishing Hands
            899200 Deck and Fishing Hands nfd
            899211 Deck Hand
            899212 Fishing Hand
          8993 Handypersons  
            899311 Handyperson
          8994 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters
            899400 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters nfd
            899411 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitter (General)
            899412 Autoglazier
            899413 Exhaust and Muffler Repairer
            899414 Radiator Repairer
            899415 Tyre Fitter
          8995 Printing Assistants and Table Workers
            899500 Printing Assistants and Table Workers nfd
            899511 Printer's Assistant
            899512 Printing Table Worker
          8996 Recycling and Rubbish Collectors
            899611 Recycling or Rubbish Collector
          8997 Vending Machine Attendants
            899711 Vending Machine Attendant
          8999 Other Miscellaneous Labourers  
            899900 Other Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
            899911 Bicycle Mechanic
            899912 Car Park Attendant
            899913 Crossing Supervisor
            899914 Electrical or Telecommunications Trades Assistant
            899915 Leaflet or Newspaper Deliverer
            899916 Mechanic's Assistant
            899917 Railways Assistant
            899918 Sign Erector
            899921 Ticket Collector or Usher
            899922 Trolley Collector
            899923 Road Traffic Controller
            899999 Labourers nec

    Supplementary Codes

    Supplementary Codes
     099888 Inadequately described
     &&&&&& Not stated
     @@@@@@ Not applicable
     VVVVVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 

    • One digit level: 8   
    • Two digit level: 51
    • Three digit level: 134
    • Four digit level: 478
    • Six digit: 1,357

    Not applicable (@@@@@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?
    In the main job held last week, what was Person 1's occupation? Give full title. State the Person's occupation as completely as possible. Answer only for the Person's main job. For example: Registered aged care nurse, House cleaner, Retail sales assistant, Ore crushing machine operator. For public servants, provide occupation title and level. For example: Customer service officer APS 5. For armed services personnel, provide rank and occupation. Occupation

    Targeted supplementary questions for occupation

    On the online form there are targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) for the occupation question. TSQs are asked to clarify free text responses and are prompted by ‘trigger words’ entered into the response. Once a trigger word is entered a targeted supplementary question appears and a set of pre-defined response options is given to the respondent.

    For example, if the word 'nurse' was entered as the occupation, then extra questions are asked about the type of nurse occupation the respondent holds (see example in image below).

    The list of 'trigger words' and targeted supplementary questions are created by looking at common responses in the 'not further defined' coding categories from the previous Census data. 

    There are 13 TSQs for occupation. A full list of the questions, trigger words and response options are available in the downloads on this page.

    Example - targeted supplementary question

    Occupation example - Type of Nurse
    In the main job held last week, what type of nurse was Person 1? Enrolled or division 2 nurse Nurse practitioner Midwife Nurse manager Registered nurse Registered nurse and midwife Other (please specify)

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?
    What are the main tasks that Person 1 usually performs in that occupation? Give full details. Report the main tasks the person usually does each day. For example, shop owners may not sell goods themselves, but manage their business and supervise staff. For example: Nursing the aged, Cleaning houses, Selling clothing in a department store, Operating an ore crusher in a processing facility. For managers, provide the function managed. For example: Managing construction projects, Managing a hotel, Managing human resources. Tasks or duties

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Describe the industry or business of the person's employer, not of their occupation. For example, if they are an accountant working for a motor vehicle manufacturer, please enter the industry as 'motor vehicle manufacturing'. State the industry as completely as possible. For self-employed persons, please describe the industry of their business.

    Example

    Occupation example - Description of business type, health response given
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business Health

    Example - Targeted supplementary questions

    Occupation example - Type of health service
    What type of health service does Person 1's employer operate? Hospital (except psychiatric hospitals) Psychiatric hospital Nursing home General practice Dentistry practice Optometry practice Physiotherapy practice Ambulance service Pathology or diagnostic imaging service Federal government administration State government administration Retail pharmacy Pharmaceuticals wholesaling Pharmaceuticals manufacturing Medical equipment wholesaling Other (please specify)

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is mainly coded based on the write-in responses to questions asking for the person’s occupation title and main tasks performed. Other occupation questions may also be used to assist with quality coding.

    Occupation is coded using the ANZSCO, 2013, Version 1.3. Since the 2016 Census, the ANZSCO has been updated from Version 1.2 to Version 1.3.

    Not all responses easily fit into an occupation as listed in the classification, so are coded to a higher level which covers any possible options, for that response. These are more general ‘not further defined (nfd)’ codes and end in one or more zeroes.

    Occupation coding is reliant on a variety of processes. All text response fields that contribute to occupation coding are first auto-repaired before being sent through an auto-coding process. The remaining responses that did not successfully achieve a code are examined by ABS clerical staff and independently assessed for an ANZSCO code.

    Where insufficient information is provided in a response for assigning an ANZSCO code an 'Inadequately described' code is allocated during processing.

    History and changes

    Questions relating to Occupation were first asked in the 1911 Census. Prior to the 1986 Census, a single question was asked about title of occupation. In 1986 a second question on main tasks or duties that a person usually performed in their job was included to improve the quality of coding. The questions have remained the same for subsequent censuses with some revision of the examples and instructions only.

    From 2016, targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) were asked in the online form to clarify common not further defined responses.

    In 2016 the ANZSCO, 2013 version 1.2 was used. For 2021, Occupation is coded to the updated version to Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2013, Version 1.3  

    In 2021, several minor wording and response order changes were made to the targeted supplementary questions (TSQs). Additionally, from 2021 Occupation is now output down to the 6-digit level to allow for more detailed occupation data to be accessible. Previously the 6-digit level data was only accessible via data requests.

    Data use considerations

    Collecting both occupation title and task information ensures more accurate coding of occupations. This data is essential for:

    • labour market analysis
    • policy formation

    Changes in the occupational composition of the labour force are important for planning at the industry and geographic area levels.

    The data is used in analyses of education and training needs, and as indicators for industry assistance programs.

    Small area data on occupation are important in regional planning; in examining the occupational mobility of ethnic and other minority groups; and in measuring socioeconomic status variability between regions.

    The introduction of targeted supplementary questions in the online Census has reduced 'not further defined' categories across some Occupations and classified responses into more detailed Occupation categories. 

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Occupation (OCCP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Occupation.

    The non-response rate for Occupation (OCCP) was 0.8% in 2021. This is an increase from 0.7% in 2016.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down on Census day. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'If you were employed in the 4 weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees).'
     

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Data downloads

    Data files

    Main source of personal income (administrative data) (ISAP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main source of income that a person received based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    0Nil or negative income
    1Employee wages and salary
    2Government benefits and allowances
    3Own unincorporated business income
    4Superannuation income
    5Investment income
    6Other income
    9Admin not available
    @Not applicable
    VOverseas visitor 

    Number of categories: 10

    Admin not available (9) category comprises:

    • Persons who were not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable. 

    The main source of income is the category with the largest total income recorded between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021. This variable does not record the dollar amount of income earned; it records what the main source of income is.  

    For example, a person may have earned substantial income from a salary and received a small amount of additional income from investments. This variable only records the main source of their income, in this case a salary.  

    In the case of a person receiving the same amount of income from two or more sources, the main source of income was selected by choosing the income type which was higher in the following ranked list: 

    1. Employee wages and salary 
    2. Government benefits and allowances 
    3. Own unincorporated business income 
    4. Superannuation income 
    5. Investment income 
    6. Other income 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question. 

    Comparison to other ABS Surveys 

    Although other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Person Income in Australia, collect similar data relating to personal income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, the time period the collection relates to, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection to use it most appropriately. 

    Financial Year income as a measure of usual income 

    Financial Year income from the administrative data is used to measure the main source of income. The Financial Year captures longer term trends of income and is not subject to short term changes around Census time. This means that this variable may not align with what a person earned, or usually earned around the time of the Census. 

    Superannuation income in administrative data 

    The administrative data used to derive this variable had limited coverage of income from superannuation, because many superannuation payments are not required to be reported annually to the Australian Taxation Office.  

    This means that we have under-recorded the amount of income people received from superannuation. In these cases, the main source of personal income would either be set to another income type (where the person also received income from another source) or income for this person would be incorrectly set to Nil.  

    This has resulted in a known undercount of the number of people with superannuation as their main source of personal income, and an overcount of the number of people with other income types as their main source of personal income.   

    Linkage rates between Census and administrative data 

    This variable relies upon the accurate linkage of Census to the administrative data. Data linkage rates (denoted through the 99 and 9999 categories) need to be considered in conjunction with the administrative income when assessing totals.  

    Lockdown 

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the 2020/2021 Financial Year. This resulted in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down, which impacted the main source of income recorded in administrative data. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P)

    Definition

    This variable describes the primary job or occupation held by employed people in the week prior to Census Night. Occupation data in 2021 is available to the 6-digit level, allowing for a detailed look at occupation.

    The classification used for the creation of this variable was an experimental Australian update to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO). This was a targeted update limited to occupations relating to agriculture, cyber security, naval ship building and emerging occupations and relates to the Australian labour market only. The ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 represents the 2021 Australian update.

    The variable Occupation (OCCP) is also available, this is coded using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), 2013, Version 1.3.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P) is coded using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), 2021 Australian Update. The categories are listed in groups below. The full list is available from the Data downloads on this page. 

    1 Managers

    1 Managers      
      10 Managers nfd    
        100 Managers nfd  
          1000 Managers nfd
            100000 Managers nfd
      11 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators
        111 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators
          1110 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators nfd
            111000 Chief Executives, General Managers and Legislators nfd
          1111 Chief Executives and Managing Directors
            111111 Chief Executive or Managing Director
          1112 General Managers
            111200 General Managers nfd
            111211 Corporate General Manager
            111212 Defence Force Senior Officer
          1113 Legislators  
            111300 Legislators nfd
            111311 Local Government Legislator
            111312 Member of Parliament
            111399 Legislators nec
      12 Farmers and Farm Managers  
        121 Farmers and Farm Managers
          1210 Farmers and Farm Managers nfd
            121000 Farmers and Farm Managers nfd
          1211 Aquaculture Farmers
            121111 Aquaculture Farmer
          1213 Livestock Farmers
            121300 Livestock Farmers nfd
            121311 Apiarist
            121312 Beef Cattle Farmer
            121313 Dairy Cattle Farmer
            121314 Deer Farmer
            121315 Goat Farmer
            121316 Horse Breeder
            121318 Pig Farmer
            121321 Poultry Farmer
            121322 Sheep Farmer
            121323 Mixed Cattle and Sheep Farmer
            121399 Livestock Farmers nec
          1215 Broadacre Crop Growers
            121500 Broadacre Crop Growers nfd
            121511 Cotton Grower
            121512 Grain, Oilseed, Pulse or Pasture Grower / Field Crop Grower
            121513 Sugar Cane Grower
            121599 Broadacre Crop Growers nec
          1216 Horticultural Crop Growers
            121600 Horticultural Crop Growers nfd
            121611 Flower Grower
            121612 Fruit Grower
            121613 Nut Grower
            121614 Production Nursery Grower
            121615 Turf Grower
            121616 Vegetable Grower (Aus) / Market Gardener (NZ)
            121617 Wine Grape Grower
            121699 Horticultural Crop Growers nec
          1217 Mixed Production Farmers
            121700 Mixed Production Farmers nfd
            121711 Broadacre Crop and Livestock Farmer
            121799 Mixed Production Farmers nec
      13 Specialist Managers  
        130 Specialist Managers nfd
          1300 Specialist Managers nfd
            130000 Specialist Managers nfd
        131 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers
          1311 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers
            131100 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers nfd
            131112 Sales and Marketing Manager
            131113 Advertising Manager
            131114 Public Relations Manager
        132 Business Administration Managers
          1320 Business Administration Managers nfd
            132000 Business Administration Managers nfd
          1321 Corporate Services Managers
            132111 Corporate Services Manager
          1322 Finance Managers
            132211 Finance Manager
          1323 Human Resource Managers
            132311 Human Resource Manager
          1324 Policy and Planning Managers
            132411 Policy and Planning Manager
          1325 Research and Development Managers
            132511 Research and Development Manager
        133 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers
          1330 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers nfd
            133000 Construction, Distribution and Production Managers nfd
          1331 Construction Managers
            133100 Construction Managers nfd
            133111 Construction Project Manager
            133112 Project Builder
          1332 Engineering Managers
            133211 Engineering Manager
          1333 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers
            133300 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers nfd
            133311 Importer or Exporter
            133312 Wholesaler
          1334 Manufacturers
            133411 Manufacturer
          1335 Production Managers
            133500 Production Managers nfd
            133511 Production Manager (Forestry)
            133512 Production Manager (Manufacturing)
            133513 Production Manager (Mining)
          1336 Supply, Distribution and Procurement Managers
            133600 Supply, Distribution and Procurement Managers nfd
            133611 Supply and Distribution Manager
            133612 Procurement Manager
        134 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers
          1340 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
            134000 Education, Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
          1341 Child Care Centre Managers
            134111 Child Care Centre Manager
          1342 Health and Welfare Services Managers
            134200 Health and Welfare Services Managers nfd
            134211 Medical Administrator / Medical Superintendent
            134212 Nursing Clinical Director
            134213 Primary Health Organisation Manager
            134214 Welfare Centre Manager
            134299 Health and Welfare Services Managers nec
          1343 School Principals
            134311 School Principal
          1344 Other Education Managers
            134400 Other Education Managers nfd
            134411 Faculty Head
            134412 Regional Education Manager
            134499 Education Managers nec
        135 ICT Managers  
          1351 ICT Managers  
            135100 ICT Managers nfd
            135111 Chief Information Officer
            135112 ICT Project Manager
            135199 ICT Managers nec
        139 Miscellaneous Specialist Managers
          1390 Miscellaneous Specialist Managers nfd
            139000 Miscellaneous Specialist Managers nfd
          1391 Commissioned Officers (Management)
            139100 Commissioned Officers (Management) nfd
            139111 Commissioned Defence Force Officer
            139112 Commissioned Fire Officer
            139113 Commissioned Police Officer
          1392 Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Members
            139211 Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Member
          1399 Other Specialist Managers
            139900 Other Specialist Managers nfd
            139911 Arts Administrator or Manager
            139912 Environmental Manager
            139913 Laboratory Manager
            139914 Quality Assurance Manager
            139915 Sports Administrator
            139999 Specialist Managers nec
      14 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
        140 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
          1400 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            140000 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
        141 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers
          1410 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
            141000 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
          1411 Cafe and Restaurant Managers
            141111 Cafe or Restaurant Manager
          1412 Caravan Park and Camping Ground Managers
            141211 Caravan Park and Camping Ground Manager
          1413 Hotel and Motel Managers
            141311 Hotel or Motel Manager
          1414 Licensed Club Managers
            141411 Licensed Club Manager
          1419 Other Accommodation and Hospitality Managers
            141900 Other Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nfd
            141911 Bed and Breakfast Operator
            141912 Retirement Village Manager
            141999 Accommodation and Hospitality Managers nec
        142 Retail Managers  
          1421 Retail Managers
            142100 Retail Managers nfd
            142111 Retail Manager (General)
            142112 Antique Dealer
            142113 Betting Agency Manager
            142114 Hair or Beauty Salon Manager
            142115 Post Office Manager
            142116 Travel Agency Manager
        149 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
          1490 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            149000 Miscellaneous Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
          1491 Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers
            149100 Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers nfd
            149111 Amusement Centre Manager
            149112 Fitness Centre Manager
            149113 Sports Centre Manager
          1492 Call or Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers
            149200 Call or Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers nfd
            149211 Call or Contact Centre Manager
            149212 Customer Service Manager
          1493 Conference and Event Organisers
            149311 Conference and Event Organiser
          1494 Transport Services Managers
            149400 Transport Services Managers nfd
            149411 Fleet Manager
            149412 Railway Station Manager
            149413 Transport Company Manager
          1499 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers
            149900 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nfd
            149911 Boarding Kennel or Cattery Operator
            149912 Cinema or Theatre Manager
            149913 Facilities Manager
            149914 Financial Institution Branch Manager
            149915 Equipment Hire Manager
            149999 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers nec

    2 Professionals

    2 Professionals    
      20 Professionals nfd  
        200 Professionals nfd  
          2000 Professionals nfd
            200000 Professionals nfd
      21 Arts and Media Professionals  
        210 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
          2100 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
            210000 Arts and Media Professionals nfd
        211 Arts Professionals  
          2110 Arts Professionals nfd
            211000 Arts Professionals nfd
          2111 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers
            211100 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nfd
            211111 Actor
            211112 Dancer or Choreographer
            211113 Entertainer or Variety Artist
            211199 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers nec
          2112 Music Professionals
            211200 Music Professionals nfd
            211211 Composer
            211212 Music Director
            211213 Musician (Instrumental)
            211214 Singer
            211299 Music Professionals nec
          2113 Photographers
            211311 Photographer
          2114 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals
            211400 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nfd
            211411 Painter (Visual Arts)
            211412 Potter or Ceramic Artist
            211413 Sculptor
            211499 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals nec
        212 Media Professionals  
          2120 Media Professionals nfd
            212000 Media Professionals nfd
          2121 Artistic Directors, and Media Producers and Presenters
            212100 Artistic Directors, and Media Producers and Presenters nfd
            212111 Artistic Director
            212112 Media Producer (excluding Video)
            212113 Radio Presenter
            212114 Television Presenter
          2122 Authors, and Book and Script Editors
            212200 Authors, and Book and Script Editors nfd
            212211 Author
            212212 Book or Script Editor
          2123 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors
            212300 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nfd
            212311 Art Director (Film, Television or Stage)
            212312 Director (Film, Television, Radio or Stage)
            212313 Director of Photography
            212314 Film and Video Editor
            212315 Program Director (Television or Radio)
            212316 Stage Manager
            212317 Technical Director
            212318 Video Producer
            212399 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors nec
          2124 Journalists and Other Writers
            212400 Journalists and Other Writers nfd
            212411 Copywriter
            212412 Newspaper or Periodical Editor
            212413 Print Journalist
            212414 Radio Journalist
            212415 Technical Writer
            212416 Television Journalist
            212499 Journalists and Other Writers nec
      22 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals
        220 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
          2200 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
            220000 Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals nfd
        221 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries
          2210 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries nfd
            221000 Accountants, Auditors and Company Secretaries nfd
          2211 Accountants  
            221100 Accountants nfd
            221111 Accountant (General)
            221112 Management Accountant
            221113 Taxation Accountant
          2212 Auditors, Company Secretaries and Corporate Treasurers
            221200 Auditors, Company Secretaries and Corporate Treasurers nfd
            221211 Company Secretary
            221212 Corporate Treasurer
            221213 External Auditor
            221214 Internal Auditor
        222 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers
          2220 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers nfd
            222000 Financial Brokers and Dealers, and Investment Advisers nfd
          2221 Financial Brokers
            222100 Financial Brokers nfd
            222111 Commodities Trader
            222112 Finance Broker
            222113 Insurance Broker
            222199 Financial Brokers nec
          2222 Financial Dealers
            222200 Financial Dealers nfd
            222211 Financial Market Dealer
            222212 Futures Trader
            222213 Stockbroking Dealer
            222299 Financial Dealers nec
          2223 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers
            222300 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers nfd
            222311 Financial Investment Adviser
            222312 Financial Investment Manager
        223 Human Resource and Training Professionals
          2230 Human Resource and Training Professionals nfd
            223000 Human Resource and Training Professionals nfd
          2231 Human Resource Professionals
            223100 Human Resource Professionals nfd
            223111 Human Resource Adviser
            223112 Recruitment Consultant
            223113 Workplace Relations Adviser
          2233 Training and Development Professionals
            223311 Training and Development Professional
        224 Information and Organisation Professionals
          2240 Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
            224000 Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
          2241 Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians
            224100 Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians nfd
            224111 Actuary
            224112 Mathematician
            224113 Statistician
          2242 Archivists, Curators and Records Managers
            224200 Archivists, Curators and Records Managers nfd
            224211 Archivist
            224212 Gallery or Museum Curator
            224213 Health Information Manager
            224214 Records Manager
          2243 Economists  
            224311 Economist
          2244 Intelligence and Policy Analysts
            224400 Intelligence and Policy Analysts nfd
            224411 Intelligence Officer
            224412 Policy Analyst
          2245 Land Economists and Valuers
            224500 Land Economists and Valuers nfd
            224511 Land Economist
            224512 Valuer
          2246 Librarians  
            224611 Librarian
          2247 Management and Organisation Analysts
            224700 Management and Organisation Analysts nfd
            224711 Management Consultant
            224712 Organisation and Methods Analyst
          2249 Other Information and Organisation Professionals
            224900 Other Information and Organisation Professionals nfd
            224911 Electorate Officer
            224912 Liaison Officer
            224913 Migration Agent / Immigration Consultant
            224914 Patents Examiner
            224999 Information and Organisation Professionals nec
        225 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals
          2250 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals nfd
            225000 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals nfd
          2251 Advertising and Marketing Professionals
            225100 Advertising and Marketing Professionals nfd
            225111 Advertising Specialist
            225112 Market Research Analyst
            225113 Marketing Specialist
            225114 Content Creator (Marketing)
            225115 Digital Marketing Analyst
          2252 ICT Sales Professionals
            225200 ICT Sales Professionals nfd
            225211 ICT Account Manager
            225212 ICT Business Development Manager
            225213 ICT Sales Representative
          2253 Public Relations Professionals
            225311 Public Relations Professional
          2254 Technical Sales Representatives
            225400 Technical Sales Representatives nfd
            225411 Sales Representative (Industrial Products)
            225412 Sales Representative (Medical and Pharmaceutical Products)
            225499 Technical Sales Representatives nec
      23 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals
        230 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
          2300 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
            230000 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals nfd
        231 Air and Marine Transport Professionals
          2310 Air and Marine Transport Professionals nfd
            231000 Air and Marine Transport Professionals nfd
          2311 Air Transport Professionals
            231100 Air Transport Professionals nfd
            231111 Aeroplane Pilot
            231112 Air Traffic Controller
            231113 Flying Instructor
            231114 Helicopter Pilot
            231199 Air Transport Professionals nec
          2312 Marine Transport Professionals
            231200 Marine Transport Professionals nfd
            231211 Master Fisher
            231212 Ship's Engineer
            231213 Ship's Master
            231214 Ship's Officer
            231215 Marine Surveyor
            231299 Marine Transport Professionals nec
        232 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors
          2320 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors nfd
            232000 Architects, Designers, Planners and Surveyors nfd
          2321 Architects and Landscape Architects
            232100 Architects and Landscape Architects nfd
            232111 Architect
            232112 Landscape Architect
          2322 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists
            232200 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists nfd
            232212 Surveyor
            232213 Cartographer
            232214 Other Spatial Scientist
          2323 Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers
            232300 Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers nfd
            232311 Fashion Designer
            232312 Industrial Designer
            232313 Jewellery Designer
          2324 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators
            232400 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators nfd
            232411 Graphic Designer
            232412 Illustrator
            232413 Multimedia Designer
            232414 Web Designer
          2325 Interior Designers
            232511 Interior Designer
          2326 Urban and Regional Planners
            232611 Urban and Regional Planner
        233 Engineering Professionals
          2330 Engineering Professionals nfd
            233000 Engineering Professionals nfd
          2331 Chemical and Materials Engineers
            233100 Chemical and Materials Engineers nfd
            233111 Chemical Engineer
            233112 Materials Engineer
          2332 Civil Engineering Professionals
            233200 Civil Engineering Professionals nfd
            233211 Civil Engineer
            233212 Geotechnical Engineer
            233213 Quantity Surveyor
            233214 Structural Engineer
            233215 Transport Engineer
          2333 Electrical Engineers
            233311 Electrical Engineer
          2334 Electronics Engineers
            233411 Electronics Engineer
          2335 Industrial, Mechanical and Production Engineers
            233500 Industrial, Mechanical and Production Engineers nfd
            233511 Industrial Engineer
            233512 Mechanical Engineer
            233513 Production or Plant Engineer
          2336 Mining Engineers
            233600 Mining Engineers nfd
            233611 Mining Engineer (excluding Petroleum)
            233612 Petroleum Engineer
          2339 Other Engineering Professionals
            233900 Other Engineering Professionals nfd
            233911 Aeronautical Engineer
            233912 Agricultural Engineer
            233913 Biomedical Engineer
            233914 Engineering Technologist
            233915 Environmental Engineer
            233916 Naval Architect / Marine Designer
            233999 Engineering Professionals nec
        234 Natural and Physical Science Professionals
          2340 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
            234000 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
          2341 Agricultural, Fisheries and Forestry Scientists
            234100 Agricultural, Fisheries and Forestry Scientists nfd
            234111 Agricultural Consultant
            234113 Forester / Forest Scientist
            234114 Agricultural Research Scientist
            234115 Agronomist
            234116 Aquaculture or Fisheries Scientist
          2342 Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists
            234200 Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists nfd
            234211 Chemist
            234212 Food Technologist
            234213 Wine Maker
          2343 Environmental Scientists
            234300 Environmental Scientists nfd
            234311 Conservation Officer
            234312 Environmental Consultant
            234313 Environmental Research Scientist
            234314 Park Ranger
            234399 Environmental Scientists nec
          2344 Geologists, Geophysicists and Hydrogeologists
            234400 Geologists, Geophysicists and Hydrogeologists nfd
            234411 Geologist
            234412 Geophysicist
            234413 Hydrogeologist
          2345 Life Scientists
            234500 Life Scientists nfd
            234511 Life Scientist (General)
            234513 Biochemist
            234514 Biotechnologist
            234515 Botanist
            234516 Marine Biologist
            234517 Microbiologist
            234521 Entomologist
            234522 Zoologist
            234599 Life Scientists nec
          2346 Medical Scientists
            234600 Medical Scientists nfd
            234611 Medical Laboratory Scientist
            234612 Respiratory Scientist
          2347 Veterinarians  
            234711 Veterinarian
          2349 Other Natural and Physical Science Professionals
            234900 Other Natural and Physical Science Professionals nfd
            234911 Conservator
            234912 Metallurgist
            234913 Meteorologist
            234914 Physicist
            234915 Exercise Physiologist
            234999 Natural and Physical Science Professionals nec
      24 Education Professionals  
        240 Education Professionals nfd
          2400 Education Professionals nfd
            240000 Education Professionals nfd
        241 School Teachers  
          2410 School Teachers nfd
            241000 School Teachers nfd
          2411 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teachers
            241111 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teacher
          2412 Primary School Teachers
            241213 Primary School Teacher
          2413 Middle School Teachers / Intermediate School Teachers
            241311 Middle School Teacher / Intermediate School Teacher
          2414 Secondary School Teachers
            241411 Secondary School Teacher
          2415 Special Education Teachers
            241500 Special Education Teachers nfd
            241511 Special Needs Teacher
            241512 Teacher of the Hearing Impaired
            241513 Teacher of the Sight Impaired
            241599 Special Education Teachers nec
        242 Tertiary Education Teachers
          2420 Tertiary Education Teachers nfd
            242000 Tertiary Education Teachers nfd
          2421 University Lecturers and Tutors
            242100 University Lecturers and Tutors nfd
            242111 University Lecturer
            242112 University Tutor
          2422 Vocational Education Teachers / Polytechnic Teachers
            242211 Vocational Education Teacher / Polytechnic Teacher
        249 Miscellaneous Education Professionals
          2490 Miscellaneous Education Professionals nfd
            249000 Miscellaneous Education Professionals nfd
          2491 Education Advisers and Reviewers
            249100 Education Advisers and Reviewers nfd
            249111 Education Adviser
            249112 Education Reviewer
          2492 Private Tutors and Teachers
            249200 Private Tutors and Teachers nfd
            249211 Art Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249212 Dance Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249213 Drama Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249214 Music Teacher (Private Tuition)
            249299 Private Tutors and Teachers nec
          2493 Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
            249311 Teacher of English to Speakers of Other Languages
      25 Health Professionals  
        250 Health Professionals nfd
          2500 Health Professionals nfd
            250000 Health Professionals nfd
        251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals
          2510 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
            251000 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
          2511 Nutrition Professionals
            251100 Nutrition Professionals nfd
            251111 Dietitian
            251112 Nutritionist
          2512 Medical Imaging Professionals
            251200 Medical Imaging Professionals nfd
            251211 Medical Diagnostic Radiographer
            251212 Medical Radiation Therapist
            251213 Nuclear Medicine Technologist
            251214 Sonographer
          2513 Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals
            251300 Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals nfd
            251311 Environmental Health Officer
            251312 Occupational Health and Safety Adviser
          2514 Optometrists and Orthoptists
            251400 Optometrists and Orthoptists nfd
            251411 Optometrist
            251412 Orthoptist
          2515 Pharmacists  
            251500 Pharmacists nfd
            251511 Hospital Pharmacist
            251512 Industrial Pharmacist
            251513 Retail Pharmacist
          2519 Other Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals
            251900 Other Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nfd
            251911 Health Promotion Officer
            251912 Orthotist or Prosthetist
            251999 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nec
        252 Health Therapy Professionals
          2520 Health Therapy Professionals nfd
            252000 Health Therapy Professionals nfd
          2521 Chiropractors and Osteopaths
            252100 Chiropractors and Osteopaths nfd
            252111 Chiropractor
            252112 Osteopath
          2522 Complementary Health Therapists
            252200 Complementary Health Therapists nfd
            252211 Acupuncturist
            252212 Homoeopath
            252213 Naturopath
            252214 Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioner
            252299 Complementary Health Therapists nec
          2523 Dental Practitioners
            252300 Dental Practitioners nfd
            252311 Dental Specialist
            252312 Dentist
          2524 Occupational Therapists
            252411 Occupational Therapist
          2525 Physiotherapists
            252511 Physiotherapist
          2526 Podiatrists  
            252611 Podiatrist
          2527 Audiologists and Speech Pathologists / Therapists
            252700 Audiologists and Speech Pathologists / Therapists nfd
            252711 Audiologist
            252712 Speech Pathologist / Speech Language Therapist
        253 Medical Practitioners  
          2530 Medical Practitioners nfd
            253000 Medical Practitioners nfd
          2531 General Practitioners and Resident Medical Officers
            253100 General Practitioners and Resident Medical Officers nfd
            253111 General Practitioner
            253112 Resident Medical Officer
          2532 Anaesthetists
            253211 Anaesthetist
          2533 Specialist Physicians
            253300 Specialist Physicians nfd
            253311 Specialist Physician (General Medicine)
            253312 Cardiologist
            253313 Clinical Haematologist
            253314 Medical Oncologist
            253315 Endocrinologist
            253316 Gastroenterologist
            253317 Intensive Care Specialist
            253318 Neurologist
            253321 Paediatrician
            253322 Renal Medicine Specialist
            253323 Rheumatologist
            253324 Thoracic Medicine Specialist
            253399 Specialist Physicians nec
          2534 Psychiatrists  
            253411 Psychiatrist
          2535 Surgeons  
            253500 Surgeons nfd
            253511 Surgeon (General)
            253512 Cardiothoracic Surgeon
            253513 Neurosurgeon
            253514 Orthopaedic Surgeon
            253515 Otorhinolaryngologist
            253516 Paediatric Surgeon
            253517 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
            253518 Urologist
            253521 Vascular Surgeon
          2539 Other Medical Practitioners
            253900 Other Medical Practitioners nfd
            253911 Dermatologist
            253912 Emergency Medicine Specialist
            253913 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
            253914 Ophthalmologist
            253915 Pathologist
            253917 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiologist
            253918 Radiation Oncologist
            253999 Medical Practitioners nec
        254 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals
          2540 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals nfd
            254000 Midwifery and Nursing Professionals nfd
          2541 Midwives  
            254111 Midwife
          2542 Nurse Educators and Researchers
            254200 Nurse Educators and Researchers nfd
            254211 Nurse Educator
            254212 Nurse Researcher
          2543 Nurse Managers
            254311 Nurse Manager
          2544 Registered Nurses
            254400 Registered Nurses nfd
            254411 Nurse Practitioner
            254412 Registered Nurse (Aged Care)
            254413 Registered Nurse (Child and Family Health)
            254414 Registered Nurse (Community Health)
            254415 Registered Nurse (Critical Care and Emergency)
            254416 Registered Nurse (Developmental Disability)
            254417 Registered Nurse (Disability and Rehabilitation)
            254418 Registered Nurse (Medical)
            254421 Registered Nurse (Medical Practice)
            254422 Registered Nurse (Mental Health)
            254423 Registered Nurse (Perioperative)
            254424 Registered Nurse (Surgical)
            254425 Registered Nurse (Paediatrics)
            254499 Registered Nurses nec
      26 ICT Professionals  
        260 ICT Professionals nfd  
          2600 ICT Professionals nfd
            260000 ICT Professionals nfd
        261 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers
          2610 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers nfd
            261000 Business and Systems Analysts, and Programmers nfd
          2611 ICT Business and Systems Analysts
            261100 ICT Business and Systems Analysts nfd
            261111 ICT Business Analyst
            261112 Systems Analyst
            261113 User Experience Designer (ICT)
          2612 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers
            261200 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers nfd
            261211 Multimedia Specialist
            261212 Web Developer
          2613 Software and Applications Programmers
            261300 Software and Applications Programmers nfd
            261311 Analyst Programmer
            261312 Developer Programmer
            261313 Software Engineer
            261314 Software Tester
            261315 Cyber Security Engineer
            261316 Devops Engineer
            261317 Penetration Tester
            261399 Software and Applications Programmers nec
        262 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists
          2621 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists
            262100 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists nfd
            262111 Database Administrator
            262113 Systems Administrator
            262114 Cyber Governance Risk and Compliance Specialist
            262115 Cyber Security Advice and Assessment Specialist
            262116 Cyber Security Analyst
            262117 Cyber Security Architect
            262118 Cyber Security Operations Coordinator
        263 ICT Network and Support Professionals
          2630 ICT Network and Support Professionals nfd
            263000 ICT Network and Support Professionals nfd
          2631 Computer Network Professionals
            263100 Computer Network Professionals nfd
            263111 Computer Network and Systems Engineer
            263112 Network Administrator
            263113 Network Analyst
          2632 ICT Support and Test Engineers
            263200 ICT Support and Test Engineers nfd
            263211 ICT Quality Assurance Engineer
            263212 ICT Support Engineer
            263213 ICT Systems Test Engineer
            263299 ICT Support and Test Engineers nec
          2633 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals
            263300 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals nfd
            263311 Telecommunications Engineer
            263312 Telecommunications Network Engineer
      27 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals
        270 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
          2700 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
            270000 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
        271 Legal Professionals  
          2710 Legal Professionals nfd
            271000 Legal Professionals nfd
          2711 Barristers  
            271111 Barrister
          2712 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals
            271200 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals nfd
            271211 Judge
            271212 Magistrate
            271213 Tribunal Member
            271214 Intellectual Property Lawyer
            271299 Judicial and Other Legal Professionals nec
          2713 Solicitors  
            271311 Solicitor
        272 Social and Welfare Professionals
          2720 Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
            272000 Social and Welfare Professionals nfd
          2721 Counsellors  
            272100 Counsellors nfd
            272111 Careers Counsellor
            272112 Drug and Alcohol Counsellor
            272113 Family and Marriage Counsellor
            272114 Rehabilitation Counsellor
            272115 Student Counsellor
            272199 Counsellors nec
          2722 Ministers of Religion
            272211 Minister of Religion
          2723 Psychologists
            272300 Psychologists nfd
            272311 Clinical Psychologist
            272312 Educational Psychologist
            272313 Organisational Psychologist
            272314 Psychotherapist
            272399 Psychologists nec
          2724 Social Professionals
            272400 Social Professionals nfd
            272411 Historian
            272412 Interpreter
            272413 Translator
            272414 Archaeologist
            272499 Social Professionals nec
          2725 Social Workers
            272511 Social Worker
          2726 Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers
            272600 Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers nfd
            272611 Community Arts Worker
            272612 Recreation Officer / Recreation Coordinator
            272613 Welfare Worker

    3 Technicians and Trades Workers

    3 Technicians and Trades Workers  
      30 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
        300 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3000 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            300000 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
      31 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians
        310 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
          3100 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
            310000 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians nfd
        311 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians
          3110 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians nfd
            311000 Agricultural, Medical and Science Technicians nfd
          3111 Agricultural, Agritech and Aquaculture Technicians
            311100 Agricultural, Agritech and Aquaculture Technicians nfd
            311112 Agricultural and Agritech Technician
            311113 Animal Husbandry Technician
            311114 Aquaculture or Fisheries Technician
            311115 Irrigation Designer
          3112 Medical Technicians
            311200 Medical Technicians nfd
            311211 Anaesthetic Technician
            311212 Cardiac Technician
            311213 Medical Laboratory Technician
            311214 Operating Theatre Technician
            311215 Pharmacy Technician
            311216 Pathology Collector / Phlebotomist
            311217 Respiratory Technician
            311299 Medical Technicians nec
          3113 Primary Products Assurance and Inspection Officers
            311300 Primary Products Assurance and Inspection Officers nfd
            311311 Fisheries Officer
            311312 Meat Inspector
            311313 Biosecurity Officer
            311314 Primary Products Quality Assurance Officer
            311399 Primary Products Assurance and Inspection Officers nec
          3114 Science Technicians
            311400 Science Technicians nfd
            311411 Chemistry Technician
            311412 Earth Science Technician
            311413 Life Science Technician
            311414 School Laboratory Technician
            311415 Hydrographer
            311499 Science Technicians nec
        312 Building and Engineering Technicians
          3120 Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
            312000 Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
          3121 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians
            312100 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians nfd
            312111 Architectural Draftsperson
            312112 Building Associate
            312113 Building Inspector
            312114 Construction Estimator
            312115 Plumbing Inspector
            312116 Surveying or Spatial Science Technician
            312199 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians nec
          3122 Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312200 Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312211 Civil Engineering Draftsperson
            312212 Civil Engineering Technician
          3123 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312300 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312311 Electrical Engineering Draftsperson
            312312 Electrical Engineering Technician
          3124 Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312400 Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312411 Electronic Engineering Draftsperson
            312412 Electronic Engineering Technician
          3125 Mechanical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians
            312500 Mechanical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians nfd
            312511 Mechanical Engineering Draftsperson
            312512 Mechanical Engineering Technician
          3126 Safety Inspectors
            312611 Safety Inspector
          3129 Other Building and Engineering Technicians
            312900 Other Building and Engineering Technicians nfd
            312911 Maintenance Planner
            312912 Metallurgical or Materials Technician
            312913 Mine Deputy
            312914 Other Draftsperson
            312999 Building and Engineering Technicians nec
        313 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians
          3130 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians nfd
            313000 ICT and Telecommunications Technicians nfd
          3131 ICT Support Technicians
            313100 ICT Support Technicians nfd
            313111 Hardware Technician
            313112 ICT Customer Support Officer
            313113 Web Administrator
            313199 ICT Support Technicians nec
          3132 Telecommunications Technical Specialists
            313200 Telecommunications Technical Specialists nfd
            313211 Radiocommunications Technician
            313212 Telecommunications Field Engineer
            313213 Telecommunications Network Planner
            313214 Telecommunications Technical Officer or Technologist
      32 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers
        320 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3200 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            320000 Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers nfd
        321 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics
          3210 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics nfd
            321000 Automotive Electricians and Mechanics nfd
          3211 Automotive Electricians
            321111 Automotive Electrician
          3212 Motor Mechanics
            321200 Motor Mechanics nfd
            321211 Motor Mechanic (General)
            321212 Diesel Motor Mechanic
            321213 Motorcycle Mechanic
            321214 Small Engine Mechanic
        322 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers
          3220 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            322000 Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3221 Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers
            322100 Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers nfd
            322111 Blacksmith
            322112 Electroplater
            322113 Farrier
            322114 Metal Casting Trades Worker
            322115 Metal Polisher
          3222 Sheetmetal Trades Workers
            322211 Sheetmetal Trades Worker
          3223 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
            322300 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers nfd
            322311 Metal Fabricator
            322312 Pressure Welder
            322313 Welder (First Class) (Aus) / Welder (NZ)
        323 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers
          3230 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers nfd
            323000 Mechanical Engineering Trades Workers nfd
          3231 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers
            323100 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers nfd
            323111 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Avionics)
            323112 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Mechanical)
            323113 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Structures)
          3232 Metal Fitters and Machinists
            323200 Metal Fitters and Machinists nfd
            323211 Fitter (General)
            323212 Fitter and Turner
            323213 Fitter-Welder
            323214 Metal Machinist (First Class)
            323215 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Mechanic
            323299 Metal Fitters and Machinists nec
          3233 Precision Metal Trades Workers
            323300 Precision Metal Trades Workers nfd
            323311 Engraver
            323312 Gunsmith
            323313 Locksmith
            323314 Precision Instrument Maker and Repairer
            323315 Saw Doctor
            323316 Watch and Clock Maker and Repairer
          3234 Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers
            323400 Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers nfd
            323411 Engineering Patternmaker
            323412 Toolmaker
        324 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters
          3240 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters nfd
            324000 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers and Painters nfd
          3241 Panelbeaters  
            324111 Panelbeater
          3242 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers
            324200 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers nfd
            324211 Vehicle Body Builder
            324212 Vehicle Trimmer
          3243 Vehicle Painters
            324311 Vehicle Painter
      33 Construction Trades Workers  
        330 Construction Trades Workers nfd
          3300 Construction Trades Workers nfd
            330000 Construction Trades Workers nfd
        331 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners
          3310 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners nfd
            331000 Bricklayers, and Carpenters and Joiners nfd
          3311 Bricklayers and Stonemasons
            331100 Bricklayers and Stonemasons nfd
            331111 Bricklayer
            331112 Stonemason
          3312 Carpenters and Joiners
            331211 Carpenter and Joiner
            331212 Carpenter
            331213 Joiner
        332 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers
          3320 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers nfd
            332000 Floor Finishers and Painting Trades Workers nfd
          3321 Floor Finishers
            332111 Floor Finisher
          3322 Painting Trades Workers
            332211 Painting Trades Worker
        333 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers
          3330 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers nfd
            333000 Glaziers, Plasterers and Tilers nfd
          3331 Glaziers  
            333111 Glazier
          3332 Plasterers  
            333200 Plasterers nfd
            333211 Fibrous Plasterer
            333212 Solid Plasterer
          3333 Roof Tilers  
            333311 Roof Tiler
          3334 Wall and Floor Tilers
            333411 Wall and Floor Tiler
        334 Plumbers  
          3341 Plumbers  
            334100 Plumbers nfd
            334111 Plumber (General)
            334112 Airconditioning and Mechanical Services Plumber
            334113 Drainer / Drainlayer
            334114 Gasfitter
            334115 Roof Plumber
      34 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers
        340 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
          3400 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            340000 Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
        341 Electricians  
          3411 Electricians  
            341100 Electricians nfd
            341111 Electrician (General)
            341112 Electrician (Special Class)
            341113 Lift Mechanic
        342 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers
          3420 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            342000 Electronics and Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
          3421 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics
            342111 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanic
          3422 Electrical Distribution Trades Workers
            342200 Electrical Distribution Trades Workers nfd
            342211 Electrical Linesworker / Electrical Line Mechanic
            342212 Technical Cable Jointer
          3423 Electronics Trades Workers
            342300 Electronics Trades Workers nfd
            342311 Business Machine Mechanic
            342312 Communications Operator
            342313 Electronic Equipment Trades Worker
            342314 Electronic Instrument Trades Worker (General)
            342315 Electronic Instrument Trades Worker (Special Class)
          3424 Telecommunications Trades Workers
            342400 Telecommunications Trades Workers nfd
            342411 Cabler (Data and Telecommunications)
            342412 Telecommunications Cable Jointer
            342413 Telecommunications Linesworker / Telecommunications Line Mechanic
            342414 Telecommunications Technician
      35 Food Trades Workers  
        351 Food Trades Workers  
          3510 Food Trades Workers nfd
            351000 Food Trades Workers nfd
          3511 Bakers and Pastrycooks
            351100 Bakers and Pastrycooks nfd
            351111 Baker
            351112 Pastrycook
          3512 Butchers and Smallgoods Makers
            351211 Butcher or Smallgoods Maker
          3513 Chefs  
            351311 Chef
          3514 Cooks  
            351411 Cook
      36 Skilled Animal, Agricultural and Horticultural Workers
        360 Skilled Animal, Agricultural and Horticultural Workers nfd
          3600 Skilled Animal, Agricultural and Horticultural Workers nfd
            360000 Skilled Animal, Agricultural and Horticultural Workers nfd
        361 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Veterinary Nurses
          3610 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Veterinary Nurses nfd
            361000 Animal Attendants and Trainers, and Veterinary Nurses nfd
          3611 Animal Attendants and Trainers
            361100 Animal Attendants and Trainers nfd
            361111 Dog Handler or Trainer
            361112 Horse Trainer
            361113 Pet Groomer
            361114 Zookeeper
            361115 Kennel Hand
            361116 Track Rider
            361199 Animal Attendants and Trainers nec
          3613 Veterinary Nurses
            361311 Veterinary Nurse
        362 Horticultural Trades Workers
          3620 Horticultural Trades Workers nfd
            362000 Horticultural Trades Workers nfd
          3621 Florists  
            362111 Florist
          3623 Sports Turf Managers and Trades Workers
            362312 Sports Turf Manager
            362313 Sports Turf Trades Worker
          3624 Nurserypersons
            362411 Nurseryperson
          3625 Arboriculture Workers
            362511 Arborist
            362512 Tree Worker
          3626 Gardeners (General)
            362611 Gardener (General)
          3627 Landscape Gardeners and Irrigation Technicians
            362700 Landscape Gardeners and Irrigation Technicians nfd
            362711 Landscape Gardener
            362712 Irrigation Technician
        363 Primary Production Supervisors and Specialists
          3630 Primary Production Supervisors and Specialists nfd
            363000 Primary Production Supervisors and Specialists nfd
          3631 Senior Aquaculture, Crop and Forestry Workers
            363100 Senior Aquaculture, Crop and Forestry Workers nfd
            363111 Aquaculture Supervisor
            363112 Fishing Leading Hand
            363113 Forestry Operations Supervisor
            363114 Horticultural Supervisor or Specialist
            363115 Senior Broadacre Crop and Livestock Farm Worker
            363116 Senior Broadacre Crop Farm Worker
            363117 Vineyard Supervisor
            363199 Senior Aquaculture, Crop and Forestry Workers nec
          3632 Senior Livestock Farm Workers
            363200 Senior Livestock Farm Workers nfd
            363211 Senior Beef Cattle Station Worker
            363212 Senior Cattle and Sheep Farm Worker
            363213 Senior Dairy Cattle Farm Worker
            363214 Senior Piggery Stockperson
            363215 Senior Sheep Farm Worker
            363299 Senior Livestock Farm Workers nec
          3633 Shearers and Wool Classers
            363300 Shearers and Wool Classers nfd
            363311 Shearer
            363312 Wool Classer
      39 Other Technicians and Trades Workers
        390 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3900 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            390000 Other Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
        391 Hairdressers  
          3911 Hairdressers  
            391111 Hairdresser
        392 Printing Trades Workers
          3920 Printing Trades Workers nfd
            392000 Printing Trades Workers nfd
          3921 Print Finishers and Screen Printers
            392100 Print Finishers and Screen Printers nfd
            392111 Print Finisher
            392112 Screen Printer
          3922 Graphic Pre-press Trades Workers
            392211 Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker
          3923 Printers  
            392300 Printers nfd
            392311 Printing Machinist
            392312 Small Offset Printer
        393 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers
          3930 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers nfd
            393000 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Trades Workers nfd
          3931 Canvas and Leather Goods Makers
            393100 Canvas and Leather Goods Makers nfd
            393111 Canvas Goods Fabricator
            393112 Leather Goods Maker
            393113 Sail Maker
            393114 Shoemaker
          3932 Clothing Trades Workers
            393200 Clothing Trades Workers nfd
            393211 Apparel Cutter
            393212 Clothing Patternmaker
            393213 Dressmaker or Tailor
            393299 Clothing Trades Workers nec
          3933 Upholsterers  
            393311 Upholsterer
        394 Wood Trades Workers
          3940 Wood Trades Workers nfd
            394000 Wood Trades Workers nfd
          3941 Cabinetmakers
            394111 Cabinetmaker
          3942 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers
            394200 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers nfd
            394211 Furniture Finisher
            394212 Picture Framer
            394213 Wood Machinist
            394214 Wood Turner
            394299 Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers nec
        399 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers
          3990 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            399000 Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
          3991 Boat Builders and Shipwrights
            399100 Boat Builders and Shipwrights nfd
            399111 Boat Builder and Repairer
            399112 Shipwright
          3992 Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power Generation Plant Operators
            399200 Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power Generation Plant Operators nfd
            399211 Chemical Plant Operator
            399212 Gas or Petroleum Operator
            399213 Power Generation Plant Operator
          3993 Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians
            399300 Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians nfd
            399311 Gallery or Museum Technician
            399312 Library Technician
          3994 Jewellers  
            399411 Jeweller
          3995 Performing Arts Technicians
            399500 Performing Arts Technicians nfd
            399511 Broadcast Transmitter Operator
            399512 Camera Operator (Film, Television or Video)
            399513 Light Technician
            399514 Make Up Artist
            399515 Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer
            399516 Sound Technician
            399517 Television Equipment Operator
            399599 Performing Arts Technicians nec
          3996 Signwriters  
            399611 Signwriter
          3999 Other Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers
            399900 Other Miscellaneous Technicians and Trades Workers nfd
            399911 Diver
            399912 Interior Decorator
            399913 Optical Dispenser / Dispensing Optician
            399914 Optical Mechanic
            399915 Photographer's Assistant
            399916 Plastics Technician
            399918 Fire Protection Equipment Technician
            399999 Technicians and Trades Workers nec

    4 Community and Personal Service Workers

    4 Community and Personal Service Workers
      40 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
        400 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
          4000 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
            400000 Community and Personal Service Workers nfd
      41 Health and Welfare Support Workers
        411 Health and Welfare Support Workers
          4110 Health and Welfare Support Workers nfd
            411000 Health and Welfare Support Workers nfd
          4111 Ambulance Officers and Paramedics
            411100 Ambulance Officers and Paramedics nfd
            411111 Ambulance Officer
            411112 Intensive Care Ambulance Paramedic (Aus) / Ambulance Paramedic (NZ)
          4112 Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists
            411200 Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists nfd
            411211 Dental Hygienist
            411212 Dental Prosthetist
            411213 Dental Technician
            411214 Dental Therapist
          4113 Diversional Therapists
            411311 Diversional Therapist
          4114 Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurses
            411400 Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurses nfd
            411411 Enrolled Nurse
            411412 Mothercraft Nurse
          4115 Indigenous Health Workers
            411511 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker
          4116 Massage Therapists
            411611 Massage Therapist
          4117 Welfare Support Workers
            411700 Welfare Support Workers nfd
            411711 Community Worker
            411712 Disabilities Services Officer
            411713 Family Support Worker
            411714 Parole or Probation Officer
            411715 Residential Care Officer
            411716 Youth Worker
      42 Carers and Aides  
        420 Carers and Aides nfd  
          4200 Carers and Aides nfd
            420000 Carers and Aides nfd
        421 Child Carers  
          4211 Child Carers  
            421100 Child Carers nfd
            421111 Child Care Worker
            421112 Family Day Care Worker
            421113 Nanny
            421114 Out of School Hours Care Worker
        422 Education Aides  
          4221 Education Aides
            422100 Education Aides nfd
            422111 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Worker
            422112 Integration Aide
            422115 Preschool Aide
            422116 Teachers' Aide
        423 Personal Carers and Assistants
          4230 Personal Carers and Assistants nfd
            423000 Personal Carers and Assistants nfd
          4231 Aged and Disabled Carers
            423111 Aged or Disabled Carer
          4232 Dental Assistants
            423211 Dental Assistant
          4233 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
            423300 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers nfd
            423311 Hospital Orderly
            423312 Nursing Support Worker
            423313 Personal Care Assistant
            423314 Therapy Aide
          4234 Special Care Workers
            423400 Special Care Workers nfd
            423411 Child or Youth Residential Care Assistant
            423412 Hostel Parent
            423413 Refuge Worker
      43 Hospitality Workers  
        431 Hospitality Workers  
          4310 Hospitality Workers nfd
            431000 Hospitality Workers nfd
          4311 Bar Attendants and Baristas
            431100 Bar Attendants and Baristas nfd
            431111 Bar Attendant
            431112 Barista
          4312 Cafe Workers
            431211 Cafe Worker
          4313 Gaming Workers
            431311 Gaming Worker
          4314 Hotel Service Managers
            431411 Hotel Service Manager
          4315 Waiters  
            431511 Waiter
          4319 Other Hospitality Workers
            431900 Other Hospitality Workers nfd
            431911 Bar Useful or Busser
            431912 Doorperson or Luggage Porter
            431999 Hospitality Workers nec
      44 Protective Service Workers  
        440 Protective Service Workers nfd
          4400 Protective Service Workers nfd
            440000 Protective Service Workers nfd
        441 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police
          4410 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police nfd
            441000 Defence Force Members, Fire Fighters and Police nfd
          4411 Defence Force Members - Other Ranks
            441111 Defence Force Member - Other Ranks
          4412 Fire and Emergency Workers
            441200 Fire and Emergency Workers nfd
            441211 Emergency Service Worker
            441212 Fire Fighter
          4413 Police  
            441300 Police nfd
            441311 Detective
            441312 Police Officer
        442 Prison and Security Officers
          4420 Prison and Security Officers nfd
            442000 Prison and Security Officers nfd
          4421 Prison Officers
            442111 Prison Officer
          4422 Security Officers and Guards
            442200 Security Officers and Guards nfd
            442211 Alarm, Security or Surveillance Monitor
            442212 Armoured Car Escort
            442213 Crowd Controller
            442214 Private Investigator
            442215 Retail Loss Prevention Officer
            442216 Security Consultant
            442217 Security Officer
            442299 Security Officers and Guards nec
      45 Sports and Personal Service Workers
        450 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
          4500 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
            450000 Sports and Personal Service Workers nfd
        451 Personal Service and Travel Workers
          4510 Personal Service and Travel Workers nfd
            451000 Personal Service and Travel Workers nfd
          4511 Beauty Therapists
            451111 Beauty Therapist
          4512 Driving Instructors
            451211 Driving Instructor
          4513 Funeral Workers
            451311 Funeral Director
            451399 Funeral Workers nec
          4514 Gallery, Museum and Tour Guides
            451400 Gallery, Museum and Tour Guides nfd
            451411 Gallery or Museum Guide
            451412 Tour Guide
          4515 Personal Care Consultants
            451500 Personal Care Consultants nfd
            451511 Natural Remedy Consultant
            451512 Weight Loss Consultant
            451513 Herbalist (Western)
          4516 Tourism and Travel Advisers
            451600 Tourism and Travel Advisers nfd
            451611 Tourist Information Officer
            451612 Travel Consultant
          4517 Travel Attendants
            451700 Travel Attendants nfd
            451711 Flight Attendant
            451799 Travel Attendants nec
          4518 Other Personal Service Workers
            451800 Other Personal Service Workers nfd
            451811 Civil Celebrant
            451812 Hair or Beauty Salon Assistant
            451813 Sex Worker or Escort
            451814 Body Artist
            451815 First Aid Trainer
            451816 Religious Assistant
            451899 Personal Service Workers nec
        452 Sports and Fitness Workers
          4520 Sports and Fitness Workers nfd
            452000 Sports and Fitness Workers nfd
          4521 Fitness Instructors
            452111 Fitness Instructor
          4522 Outdoor Adventure Guides
            452200 Outdoor Adventure Guides nfd
            452211 Bungy Jump Master
            452212 Fishing Guide
            452213 Hunting Guide
            452214 Mountain or Glacier Guide
            452215 Outdoor Adventure Instructor
            452216 Trekking Guide
            452217 Whitewater Rafting Guide
            452299 Outdoor Adventure Guides nec
          4523 Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
            452300 Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials nfd
            452311 Diving Instructor (Open Water)
            452312 Gymnastics Coach or Instructor
            452313 Horse Riding Coach or Instructor
            452314 Snowsport Instructor
            452315 Swimming Coach or Instructor
            452316 Tennis Coach
            452317 Other Sports Coach or Instructor
            452318 Dog and Horse Racing Official
            452321 Sports Development Officer
            452322 Sports Umpire
            452323 Other Sports Official
          4524 Sportspersons
            452400 Sportspersons nfd
            452411 Footballer
            452412 Golfer
            452413 Jockey
            452414 Lifeguard
            452499 Sportspersons nec

    5 Clerical and Administrative Workers

    5 Clerical and Administrative Workers
      50 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
        500 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5000 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            500000 Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
      51 Office Managers and Program Administrators
        510 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
          5100 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
            510000 Office Managers and Program Administrators nfd
        511 Contract, Program and Project Administrators
          5111 Contract, Program and Project Administrators
            511100 Contract, Program and Project Administrators nfd
            511111 Contract Administrator
            511112 Program or Project Administrator
        512 Office and Practice Managers
          5120 Office and Practice Managers nfd
            512000 Office and Practice Managers nfd
          5121 Office Managers
            512111 Office Manager
          5122 Practice Managers
            512200 Practice Managers nfd
            512211 Health Practice Manager
            512299 Practice Managers nec
      52 Personal Assistants and Secretaries
        521 Personal Assistants and Secretaries
          5210 Personal Assistants and Secretaries nfd
            521000 Personal Assistants and Secretaries nfd
          5211 Personal Assistants
            521111 Personal Assistant
          5212 Secretaries  
            521200 Secretaries nfd
            521211 Secretary (General)
            521212 Legal Secretary
      53 General Clerical Workers  
        530 General Clerical Workers nfd
          5300 General Clerical Workers nfd
            530000 General Clerical Workers nfd
        531 General Clerks  
          5311 General Clerks
            531111 General Clerk
        532 Keyboard Operators  
          5321 Keyboard Operators
            532100 Keyboard Operators nfd
            532111 Data Entry Operator
            532112 Machine Shorthand Reporter
            532113 Word Processing Operator
      54 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists
        540 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
          5400 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
            540000 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists nfd
        541 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks
          5410 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks nfd
            541000 Call or Contact Centre Information Clerks nfd
          5411 Call or Contact Centre Workers
            541100 Call or Contact Centre Workers nfd
            541111 Call or Contact Centre Team Leader
            541112 Call or Contact Centre Operator
          5412 Information Officers
            541211 Information Officer
        542 Receptionists  
          5421 Receptionists  
            542100 Receptionists nfd
            542111 Receptionist (General)
            542112 Admissions Clerk
            542113 Hotel or Motel Receptionist
            542114 Medical Receptionist
      55 Numerical Clerks  
        550 Numerical Clerks nfd  
          5500 Numerical Clerks nfd
            550000 Numerical Clerks nfd
        551 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers
          5510 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers nfd
            551000 Accounting Clerks and Bookkeepers nfd
          5511 Accounting Clerks
            551100 Accounting Clerks nfd
            551111 Accounts Clerk
            551112 Cost Clerk
          5512 Bookkeepers  
            551211 Bookkeeper
          5513 Payroll Clerks  
            551311 Payroll Clerk
        552 Financial and Insurance Clerks
          5520 Financial and Insurance Clerks nfd
            552000 Financial and Insurance Clerks nfd
          5521 Bank Workers
            552111 Bank Worker
          5522 Credit and Loans Officers (Aus) / Finance Clerks (NZ)
            552211 Credit or Loans Officer (Aus) / Finance Clerk (NZ)
          5523 Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks
            552300 Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks nfd
            552311 Bookmaker
            552312 Insurance Consultant
            552313 Money Market Clerk
            552314 Statistical Clerk
      56 Clerical and Office Support Workers
        561 Clerical and Office Support Workers
          5610 Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
            561000 Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
          5611 Betting Clerks  
            561100 Betting Clerks nfd
            561111 Betting Agency Counter Clerk
            561112 Bookmaker's Clerk
            561113 Telephone Betting Clerk
            561199 Betting Clerks nec
          5612 Couriers and Postal Deliverers
            561200 Couriers and Postal Deliverers nfd
            561211 Courier
            561212 Postal Delivery Officer
          5613 Filing and Registry Clerks
            561311 Filing or Registry Clerk
          5614 Mail Sorters  
            561400 Mail Sorters nfd
            561411 Mail Clerk
            561412 Postal Sorting Officer
          5615 Survey Interviewers
            561511 Survey Interviewer
          5616 Switchboard Operators
            561611 Switchboard Operator
          5619 Other Clerical and Office Support Workers
            561900 Other Clerical and Office Support Workers nfd
            561911 Classified Advertising Clerk
            561912 Meter Reader
            561913 Parking Inspector
            561999 Clerical and Office Support Workers nec
      59 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers
        590 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5900 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            590000 Other Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
        591 Logistics Clerks  
          5910 Logistics Clerks nfd
            591000 Logistics Clerks nfd
          5911 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks
            591100 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks nfd
            591112 Production Clerk
            591113 Purchasing Officer
            591115 Stock Clerk
            591116 Warehouse Administrator
            591117 Order Clerk
          5912 Transport and Despatch Clerks
            591200 Transport and Despatch Clerks nfd
            591211 Despatching and Receiving Clerk
            591212 Import-Export Clerk
        599 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers
          5990 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            599000 Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
          5991 Conveyancers and Legal Executives
            599100 Conveyancers and Legal Executives nfd
            599111 Conveyancer
            599112 Legal Executive
          5992 Court and Legal Clerks
            599200 Court and Legal Clerks nfd
            599211 Clerk of Court
            599212 Court Bailiff or Sheriff (Aus) / Court Collections Officer (NZ)
            599213 Court Orderly (Aus) / Court Registry Officer (NZ)
            599214 Law Clerk
            599215 Trust Officer
          5993 Debt Collectors
            599311 Debt Collector
          5994 Human Resource Clerks
            599411 Human Resource Clerk
          5995 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
            599500 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers nfd
            599511 Customs Officer
            599512 Immigration Officer
            599513 Motor Vehicle Licence Examiner
            599514 Invasive Pest, Weed and Disease Inspector
            599515 Social Security Assessor
            599516 Taxation Inspector
            599517 Train Examiner
            599518 Transport Operations Inspector
            599521 Water Inspector
            599599 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers nec
          5996 Insurance Investigators, Loss Adjusters and Risk Surveyors
            599600 Insurance Investigators, Loss Adjusters and Risk Surveyors nfd
            599611 Insurance Investigator
            599612 Insurance Loss Adjuster
            599613 Insurance Risk Surveyor
          5997 Library Assistants
            599711 Library Assistant
          5999 Other Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers
            599900 Other Miscellaneous Clerical and Administrative Workers nfd
            599912 Production Assistant (Film, Television, Radio or Stage)
            599913 Proof Reader
            599914 Radio Despatcher
            599915 Clinical Coder
            599916 Facilities Administrator
            599999 Clerical and Administrative Workers nec

    6 Sales Workers

    6 Sales Workers    
      60 Sales Workers nfd  
        600 Sales Workers nfd  
          6000 Sales Workers nfd
            600000 Sales Workers nfd
      61 Sales Representatives and Agents
        610 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
          6100 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
            610000 Sales Representatives and Agents nfd
        611 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives
          6110 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives nfd
            611000 Insurance Agents and Sales Representatives nfd
          6111 Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents
            611100 Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents nfd
            611111 Auctioneer
            611112 Stock and Station Agent
          6112 Insurance Agents
            611211 Insurance Agent
          6113 Sales Representatives
            611300 Sales Representatives nfd
            611311 Sales Representative (Building and Plumbing Supplies)
            611312 Sales Representative (Business Services)
            611313 Sales Representative (Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories)
            611314 Sales Representative (Personal and Household Goods)
            611399 Sales Representatives nec
        612 Real Estate Sales Agents
          6121 Real Estate Sales Agents
            612100 Real Estate Sales Agents nfd
            612111 Business Broker
            612112 Property Manager
            612113 Real Estate Agency Principal / Real Estate Agency Licensee
            612114 Real Estate Agent
            612115 Real Estate Representative
      62 Sales Assistants and Salespersons
        621 Sales Assistants and Salespersons
          6210 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
            621000 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
          6211 Sales Assistants (General)
            621111 Sales Assistant (General)
          6212 ICT Sales Assistants
            621211 ICT Sales Assistant
          6213 Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons
            621300 Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons nfd
            621311 Motor Vehicle or Caravan Salesperson
            621312 Motor Vehicle Parts Interpreter / Automotive Parts Salesperson
          6214 Pharmacy Sales Assistants
            621411 Pharmacy Sales Assistant
          6215 Retail Supervisors
            621511 Retail Supervisor
          6216 Service Station Attendants
            621611 Service Station Attendant
          6217 Street Vendors and Related Salespersons
            621700 Street Vendors and Related Salespersons nfd
            621711 Cash Van Salesperson
            621712 Door-to-door Salesperson
            621713 Street Vendor
          6219 Other Sales Assistants and Salespersons
            621900 Other Sales Assistants and Salespersons nfd
            621911 Materials Recycler
            621912 Rental Salesperson
            621999 Sales Assistants and Salespersons nec
      63 Sales Support Workers  
        630 Sales Support Workers nfd
          6300 Sales Support Workers nfd
            630000 Sales Support Workers nfd
        631 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
          6311 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
            631100 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers nfd
            631111 Checkout Operator
            631112 Office Cashier
        639 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers
          6390 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers nfd
            639000 Miscellaneous Sales Support Workers nfd
          6391 Models and Sales Demonstrators
            639100 Models and Sales Demonstrators nfd
            639111 Model
            639112 Sales Demonstrator
          6392 Retail and Wool Buyers
            639200 Retail and Wool Buyers nfd
            639211 Retail Buyer
            639212 Wool Buyer
          6393 Telemarketers
            639311 Telemarketer
          6394 Ticket Salespersons
            639400 Ticket Salespersons nfd
            639411 Ticket Seller
            639412 Transport Conductor
          6395 Visual Merchandisers
            639511 Visual Merchandiser
          6399 Other Sales Support Workers
            639911 Other Sales Support Worker

    7 Machinery Operators and Drivers

    7 Machinery Operators and Drivers  
      70 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
        700 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
          7000 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
            700000 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd
      71 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators
        710 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
          7100 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            710000 Machine and Stationary Plant Operators nfd
        711 Machine Operators  
          7110 Machine Operators nfd
            711000 Machine Operators nfd
          7111 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators
            711100 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators nfd
            711111 Clay Products Machine Operator
            711112 Concrete Products Machine Operator
            711113 Glass Production Machine Operator
            711114 Stone Processing Machine Operator
            711199 Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone Processing Machine Operators nec
          7112 Industrial Spraypainters
            711211 Industrial Spraypainter
          7113 Paper and Wood Processing Machine Operators
            711300 Paper and Wood Processing Machine Operators nfd
            711311 Paper Products Machine Operator
            711313 Sawmilling Operator
            711314 Other Wood Processing Machine Operator
          7114 Photographic Developers and Printers
            711411 Photographic Developer and Printer
          7115 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators
            711500 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators nfd
            711511 Plastic Cablemaking Machine Operator
            711512 Plastic Compounding and Reclamation Machine Operator
            711513 Plastics Fabricator or Welder
            711514 Plastics Production Machine Operator (General)
            711515 Reinforced Plastic and Composite Production Worker
            711516 Rubber Production Machine Operator
            711599 Plastics and Rubber Production Machine Operators nec
          7116 Sewing Machinists
            711611 Sewing Machinist
          7117 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators
            711700 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators nfd
            711711 Footwear Production Machine Operator
            711712 Hide and Skin Processing Machine Operator
            711713 Knitting Machine Operator
            711714 Textile Dyeing and Finishing Machine Operator
            711715 Weaving Machine Operator
            711716 Yarn Carding and Spinning Machine Operator
            711799 Textile and Footwear Production Machine Operators nec
          7119 Other Machine Operators
            711900 Other Machine Operators nfd
            711911 Chemical Production Machine Operator
            711912 Motion Picture Projectionist
            711913 Sand Blaster
            711914 Sterilisation Technician
            711999 Machine Operators nec
        712 Stationary Plant Operators
          7120 Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            712000 Stationary Plant Operators nfd
          7121 Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators
            712111 Crane, Hoist or Lift Operator
          7122 Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers
            712200 Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers nfd
            712211 Driller
            712212 Miner
            712213 Shot Firer
          7123 Engineering Production Workers
            712311 Engineering Production Worker
          7129 Other Stationary Plant Operators
            712900 Other Stationary Plant Operators nfd
            712911 Boiler or Engine Operator
            712912 Bulk Materials Handling Plant Operator
            712913 Cement Production Plant Operator
            712914 Concrete Batching Plant Operator
            712915 Concrete Pump Operator
            712916 Paper and Pulp Mill Operator
            712917 Railway Signal Operator
            712918 Train Controller
            712921 Waste Water or Water Plant Operator
            712922 Weighbridge Operator
            712999 Stationary Plant Operators nec
      72 Mobile Plant Operators  
        721 Mobile Plant Operators
          7210 Mobile Plant Operators nfd
            721000 Mobile Plant Operators nfd
          7211 Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Plant Operators
            721100 Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Plant Operators nfd
            721111 Agricultural and Horticultural Mobile Plant Operator
            721112 Logging Plant Operator
          7212 Earthmoving Plant Operators
            721200 Earthmoving Plant Operators nfd
            721211 Earthmoving Plant Operator (General)
            721212 Backhoe Operator
            721213 Bulldozer Operator
            721214 Excavator Operator
            721215 Grader Operator
            721216 Loader Operator
          7213 Forklift Drivers
            721311 Forklift Driver
          7219 Other Mobile Plant Operators
            721900 Other Mobile Plant Operators nfd
            721911 Aircraft Baggage Handler and Airline Ground Crew
            721912 Linemarker
            721913 Paving Plant Operator
            721914 Railway Track Plant Operator
            721915 Road Roller Operator
            721916 Streetsweeper Operator
            721999 Mobile Plant Operators nec
      73 Road and Rail Drivers  
        730 Road and Rail Drivers nfd
          7300 Road and Rail Drivers nfd
            730000 Road and Rail Drivers nfd
        731 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers
          7310 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers nfd
            731000 Automobile, Bus and Rail Drivers nfd
          7311 Automobile Drivers
            731100 Automobile Drivers nfd
            731111 Chauffeur
            731112 Taxi Driver
            731199 Automobile Drivers nec
          7312 Bus and Coach Drivers
            731200 Bus and Coach Drivers nfd
            731211 Bus Driver
            731212 Charter and Tour Bus Driver
            731213 Passenger Coach Driver
          7313 Train and Tram Drivers
            731300 Train and Tram Drivers nfd
            731311 Train Driver
            731312 Tram Driver
        732 Delivery Drivers  
          7321 Delivery Drivers
            732111 Delivery Driver
        733 Truck Drivers  
          7331 Truck Drivers  
            733100 Truck Drivers nfd
            733111 Truck Driver (General)
            733112 Aircraft Refueller
            733113 Furniture Removalist
            733114 Tanker Driver
            733115 Tow Truck Driver
      74 Storepersons    
        741 Storepersons  
          7411 Storepersons  
            741111 Storeperson

    8 Labourers

    8 Labourers      
      80 Labourers nfd    
        800 Labourers nfd  
          8000 Labourers nfd
            800000 Labourers nfd
      81 Cleaners and Laundry Workers
        811 Cleaners and Laundry Workers
          8110 Cleaners and Laundry Workers nfd
            811000 Cleaners and Laundry Workers nfd
          8111 Car Detailers  
            811111 Car Detailer
          8112 Commercial Cleaners
            811211 Commercial Cleaner
          8113 Domestic Cleaners
            811311 Domestic Cleaner
          8114 Housekeepers
            811400 Housekeepers nfd
            811411 Commercial Housekeeper
            811412 Domestic Housekeeper
          8115 Laundry Workers
            811500 Laundry Workers nfd
            811511 Laundry Worker (General)
            811512 Drycleaner
            811513 Ironer or Presser
          8116 Other Cleaners
            811600 Other Cleaners nfd
            811611 Carpet Cleaner
            811612 Window Cleaner
            811699 Cleaners nec
      82 Construction and Mining Labourers
        821 Construction and Mining Labourers
          8210 Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
            821000 Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
          8211 Building and Plumbing Labourers
            821100 Building and Plumbing Labourers nfd
            821111 Builder's Labourer
            821112 Drainage, Sewerage and Stormwater Labourer
            821113 Earthmoving Labourer
            821114 Plumber's Assistant
          8212 Concreters  
            821211 Concreter
          8213 Fencers  
            821311 Fencer
          8214 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers
            821400 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers nfd
            821411 Building Insulation Installer
            821412 Home Improvement Installer
          8215 Paving and Surfacing Labourers
            821511 Paving and Surfacing Labourer
          8216 Railway Track Workers
            821611 Railway Track Worker
          8217 Structural Steel Construction Workers
            821700 Structural Steel Construction Workers nfd
            821711 Construction Rigger
            821712 Scaffolder
            821713 Steel Fixer
            821714 Structural Steel Erector
          8219 Other Construction and Mining Labourers
            821900 Other Construction and Mining Labourers nfd
            821911 Crane Chaser
            821912 Driller's Assistant
            821913 Lagger
            821914 Mining Support Worker
            821915 Surveyor's Assistant
      83 Factory Process Workers  
        830 Factory Process Workers nfd
          8300 Factory Process Workers nfd
            830000 Factory Process Workers nfd
        831 Food Process Workers
          8310 Food Process Workers nfd
            831000 Food Process Workers nfd
          8311 Food and Drink Factory Workers
            831100 Food and Drink Factory Workers nfd
            831111 Baking Factory Worker
            831112 Brewery Worker
            831113 Confectionery Maker
            831114 Dairy Products Maker
            831115 Fruit and Vegetable Factory Worker
            831116 Grain Mill Worker
            831117 Sugar Mill Worker
            831118 Winery Cellar Hand
            831199 Food and Drink Factory Workers nec
          8312 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers
            831200 Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers nfd
            831211 Meat Boner and Slicer
            831212 Slaughterer
          8313 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers
            831300 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers nfd
            831311 Meat Process Worker
            831312 Poultry Process Worker
            831313 Seafood Process Worker
        832 Packers and Product Assemblers
          8320 Packers and Product Assemblers nfd
            832000 Packers and Product Assemblers nfd
          8321 Packers  
            832100 Packers nfd
            832111 Chocolate Packer
            832112 Container Filler
            832113 Fruit and Vegetable Packer
            832114 Meat Packer
            832115 Seafood Packer
            832199 Packers nec
          8322 Product Assemblers
            832211 Product Assembler
        839 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers
          8390 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers nfd
            839000 Miscellaneous Factory Process Workers nfd
          8391 Metal Engineering Process Workers
            839111 Metal Engineering Process Worker
          8392 Plastics and Rubber Factory Workers
            839200 Plastics and Rubber Factory Workers nfd
            839211 Plastics Factory Worker
            839212 Rubber Factory Worker
          8393 Product Quality Controllers
            839300 Product Quality Controllers nfd
            839311 Product Examiner
            839312 Product Grader
            839313 Product Tester
          8394 Timber and Wood Process Workers
            839400 Timber and Wood Process Workers nfd
            839411 Paper and Pulp Mill Worker
            839412 Sawmill or Timber Yard Worker
            839413 Wood and Wood Products Factory Worker
          8399 Other Factory Process Workers
            839900 Other Factory Process Workers nfd
            839911 Cement and Concrete Plant Worker
            839912 Chemical Plant Worker
            839913 Clay Processing Factory Worker
            839914 Fabric and Textile Factory Worker
            839915 Footwear Factory Worker
            839916 Glass Processing Worker
            839917 Hide and Skin Processing Worker
            839918 Recycling Worker
            839999 Factory Process Workers nec
      84 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers
        840 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
          8400 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
            840000 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
        842 Farm Workers  
          8420 Farm Workers nfd
            842000 Farm Workers nfd
          8421 Aquaculture Workers
            842111 Aquaculture Worker
          8422 Crop Farm Workers
            842200 Crop Farm Workers nfd
            842211 Cotton Farm Worker
            842212 Fruit Farm Worker
            842213 Fruit Picker
            842214 Grain, Oilseed, Pulse and Pasture Farm Worker (Aus) / Field Farm Worker (NZ)
            842215 Mushroom Picker
            842216 Nut Farm Worker
            842217 Sugar Cane Farm Worker
            842218 Vegetable Farm Worker (Aus) / Market Garden Worker (NZ)
            842221 Vegetable Picker
            842222 Vineyard Worker
            842299 Crop Farm Workers nec
          8423 Livestock Farm Workers
            842300 Livestock Farm Workers nfd
            842311 Beef Cattle Farm Worker
            842312 Cattle and Sheep Farm Worker
            842313 Dairy Cattle Farm Worker
            842314 Livestock Husbandry Worker
            842315 Piggery Farm Worker
            842316 Poultry Farm Worker
            842317 Sheep Farm Worker
            842318 Stablehand
            842321 Wool Handler
            842399 Livestock Farm Workers nec
          8424 Mixed Production Farm Workers
            842400 Mixed Production Farm Workers nfd
            842411 Broadacre Crop and Livestock Farm Worker
            842499 Mixed Production Farm Workers nec
        843 Forestry and Garden Workers
          8430 Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
            843000 Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
          8431 Forestry and Logging Workers
            843100 Forestry and Logging Workers nfd
            843111 Forestry Worker
            843112 Logging Assistant
            843113 Tree Faller
          8432 Garden Labourers
            843211 Garden Labourer
          8433 Horticultural Nursery Assistants
            843311 Horticultural Nursery Assistant
          8434 Pest Control Technicians
            843411 Pest Control Technician
          8439 Other Forestry and Garden Workers
            843900 Other Forestry and Garden Workers nfd
            843911 Hunter-Trapper
            843912 Irrigation Assistant
            843999 Forestry and Garden Workers nec
      85 Food Preparation Assistants  
        851 Food Preparation Assistants
          8510 Food Preparation Assistants nfd
            851000 Food Preparation Assistants nfd
          8511 Fast Food Cooks
            851111 Fast Food Cook
          8512 Food Trades Assistants
            851200 Food Trades Assistants nfd
            851211 Pastrycook's Assistant
            851299 Food Trades Assistants nec
          8513 Kitchenhands  
            851311 Kitchenhand
      89 Other Labourers  
        890 Other Labourers nfd  
          8900 Other Labourers nfd
            890000 Other Labourers nfd
        891 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers
          8910 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers nfd
            891000 Freight Handlers and Shelf Fillers nfd
          8911 Freight and Furniture Handlers
            891100 Freight and Furniture Handlers nfd
            891111 Freight Handler (Rail or Road)
            891112 Truck Driver's Offsider
            891113 Waterside Worker
          8912 Shelf Fillers  
            891211 Shelf Filler
        899 Miscellaneous Labourers
          8990 Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
            899000 Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
          8991 Caretakers  
            899111 Caretaker
          8992 Deck and Fishing Hands
            899200 Deck and Fishing Hands nfd
            899211 Deck Hand
            899212 Fishing Hand
          8993 Handypersons
            899311 Handyperson
          8994 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters
            899400 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters nfd
            899411 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitter (General)
            899412 Autoglazier
            899413 Exhaust and Muffler Repairer
            899414 Radiator Repairer
            899415 Tyre Fitter
          8995 Printing Assistants and Table Workers
            899500 Printing Assistants and Table Workers nfd
            899511 Printer's Assistant
            899512 Printing Table Worker
          8996 Recycling and Rubbish Collectors
            899611 Recycling or Rubbish Collector
          8997 Vending Machine Attendants
            899711 Vending Machine Attendant
          8999 Other Miscellaneous Labourers
            899900 Other Miscellaneous Labourers nfd
            899911 Bicycle Mechanic
            899912 Car Park Attendant
            899913 Crossing Supervisor
            899914 Electrical or Telecommunications Trades Assistant
            899915 Leaflet or Newspaper Deliverer
            899916 Mechanic's Assistant
            899917 Railways Assistant
            899918 Sign Erector
            899921 Ticket Collector or Usher
            899922 Trolley Collector
            899923 Road Traffic Controller
            899999 Labourers nec

    Supplementary Codes

    Table title
    099888 Inadequately described
    &&&&&& Not stated
    @@@@@@ Not applicable
    VVVVVV Overseas visitor

     

    Number of categories: 

    • One digit level: 8   
    • Two digit level: 51
    • Three digit level: 137
    • Four digit level: 483
    • Six digit: 1,409

    Not applicable (@@@@@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years
    • See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?
    In the main job held last week, what was Person 1's occupation? Give full title. State the Person's occupation as completely as possible. Answer only for the Person's main job. For example: Registered aged care nurse, House cleaner, Retail sales assistant, Ore crushing machine operator. For public servants, provide occupation title and level. For example: Customer service officer APS 5. For armed services personnel, provide rank and occupation. Occupation

    Targeted supplementary questions for occupation

    On the online form there are targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) for the occupation question. TSQs are asked to clarify free text responses and are prompted by ‘trigger words’ entered into the response. Once a trigger word is entered a targeted supplementary question appears and a set of pre-defined response options is given to the respondent.

    For example, if the word 'nurse' was entered as the occupation, then extra questions are asked about the type of nurse occupation the respondent holds (see example in image below).

    The list of 'trigger words' and targeted supplementary questions are created by looking at common responses in the 'not further defined' coding categories from the previous Census data. 

    There are 13 TSQs for occupation. A full list of the questions, trigger words and response options are available in the downloads on this page.

    Example - targeted supplementary question

    Occupation example - Type of Nurse
    In the main job held last week, what type of nurse was Person 1? Enrolled or division 2 nurse Nurse practitioner Midwife Nurse manager Registered nurse Registered nurse and midwife Other (please specify)

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?
    What are the main tasks that Person 1 usually performs in that occupation? Give full details. Report the main tasks the person usually does each day. For example, shop owners may not sell goods themselves, but manage their business and supervise staff. For example: Nursing the aged, Cleaning houses, Selling clothing in a department store, Operating an ore crusher in a processing facility. For managers, provide the function managed. For example: Managing construction projects, Managing a hotel, Managing human resources. Tasks or duties

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Describe the industry or business of the person's employer, not of their occupation. For example, if they are an accountant working for a motor vehicle manufacturer, please enter the industry as 'motor vehicle manufacturing'. State the industry as completely as possible. For self-employed persons, please describe the industry of their business.

    Example

    Occupation example - Description of business type, health response given
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business Health

    Example - Targeted supplementary questions

    Occupation example - Type of health service
    What type of health service does Person 1's employer operate? Hospital (except psychiatric hospitals) Psychiatric hospital Nursing home General practice Dentistry practice Optometry practice Physiotherapy practice Ambulance service Pathology or diagnostic imaging service Federal government administration State government administration Retail pharmacy Pharmaceuticals wholesaling Pharmaceuticals manufacturing Medical equipment wholesaling Other (please specify)

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is primarily coded based on the write-in responses to questions asking for the person’s occupation title and main tasks performed. Other occupation questions may also be used to assist with quality coding.

    Not all responses easily fit into an occupation as listed in the classification. In these cases responses are coded to a higher level of the ANZSCO 2021 Australian Update which covers any possible options for that response. These are more general ‘not further defined (nfd)’ codes and end in one or more zeroes.

    Occupation coding is reliant on a variety of processes. All text response fields that contribute to occupation coding are first auto-repaired before being sent through an auto-coding process. The remaining responses that did not successfully achieve a code are examined by ABS clerical staff and independently assessed for an ANZSCO 2021 Australian Update code.

    Responses with insufficient information to assign an ANZSCO code are coded to ‘Inadequately described’.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021 based on the 2021 Australian update to the ANZSCO.

    Data use considerations

    Collecting both occupation title and task information ensures more accurate coding of occupations. This data is essential for:

    • labour market analysis
    • policy formation

    Changes in the occupational composition of the labour force are important for planning at the industry and geographic area levels.

    The data is used in analyses of education and training needs, and as indicators for industry assistance programs.

    Small area data on occupation are important in regional planning; in examining the occupational mobility of ethnic and other minority groups; and in measuring socioeconomic status variability between regions.

    The introduction of targeted supplementary questions in the online Census has reduced 'not further defined' categories across some Occupations and classified responses into more detailed Occupation categories. 

    Care should be taken when using this variable. The update is only relevant to occupations relating to agriculture, cyber security, naval ship building, and emerging occupations identified by the National Skills Commission. If these occupations are not relevant to your data needs, it is recommended to use the Occupation (OCCP) variable instead.

    The non-response rate for Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P) was 0.8% in 2021.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down on Census day. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    'If you were employed in the 4 weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees).'

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Industry of employment (INDP)
    • Occupation (OCCP)
    • Occupation skill level (OCSKP)
    • Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 (OCSKEV1P)
    • Job

    Data downloads

    Occupation experimental update version 1 classification

    Occupation skill level (OCSKP)

    Definition

    This variable describes the skill level of a person's occupation. Level one is the highest level of skill and level five is the lowest level of skill. The skill level is determined from the characteristics of the person's occupation (OCCP), rather than the skill level of the person themselves.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Skill level one
    2 Skill level two
    3 Skill level three
    4 Skill level four
    5 Skill level five
    9 Skill level not determined
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP), not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?
    In the main job held last week, what was Person 1's occupation? Give full title. State the Person's occupation as completely as possible. Answer only for the Person's main job. For example: Registered aged care nurse, House cleaner, Retail sales assistant, Ore crushing machine operator. For public servants, provide occupation title and level. For example: Customer service officer APS 5. For armed services personnel, provide rank and occupation. Occupation

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?
    What are the main tasks that Person 1 usually performs in that occupation? Give full details. Report the main tasks the person usually does each day. For example, shop owners may not sell goods themselves, but manage their business and supervise staff. For example: Nursing the aged, Cleaning houses, Selling clothing in a department store, Operating an ore crusher in a processing facility. For managers, provide the function managed. For example: Managing construction projects, Managing a hotel, Managing human resources. Tasks or duties

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Describe the industry or business of the person's employer, not of their occupation. For example, if they are an accountant working for a motor vehicle manufacturer, please enter the industry as 'motor vehicle manufacturing'. State the industry as completely as possible. For self-employed persons, please describe the industry of their business.

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from the Occupation (OCCP) variable. An occupation is coded using the ANZSCO – Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2013, Version 1.3 at the 6-digit level to determine the Occupation skill level for the stated occupations. The relationship between occupation and occupation skill level is defined in the ANZSCO. Occupations that are not further defined (nfd) (e.g. 'Manager nfd') do not have a corresponding skill level in the ANZSCO. 2016 Census data was used to determine what skill levels should be assigned to occupations that were not further defined.

    History and changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    It is possible for a highly skilled person to work in a low skilled job/occupation, and it's also possible for a low skilled person (or a person with low or no formal qualifications) to work in a high skilled job.

    This variable is derived from the Occupation (OCCP) variable. The non-response rate for Occupation (OCCP) was 0.8% in 2021. This is an increase from 0.7% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Occupation (OCCP)
    • Occupation Skill Level Experimental Update Version 1 (OCSKEV1P)

    Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 (OCSKEV1P)

    Definition

    This variable describes the skill level of a person's occupation. Level one is the highest level of skill and level five is the lowest level of skill. The skill level is set by the person's occupation (OCCP), rather than the skill level of the person themselves.

    Occupation skill level experimental update version 1 has been created based on the ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 Australian Update. This update relates to the Australian labour market only.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Skill level one
    2 Skill level two
    3 Skill level three
    4 Skill level four
    5 Skill level five
    9 Skill level not determined
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitors

    Number of categories: 9

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with labour force status (LFSP),not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?

    In the main job held last week, what was the person’s occupation?
    In the main job held last week, what was Person 1's occupation? Give full title. State the Person's occupation as completely as possible. Answer only for the Person's main job. For example: Registered aged care nurse, House cleaner, Retail sales assistant, Ore crushing machine operator. For public servants, provide occupation title and level. For example: Customer service officer APS 5. For armed services personnel, provide rank and occupation. Occupation

    Targeted supplementary questions for occupation

    On the online form there are targeted supplementary questions (TSQs) for the occupation question. TSQs are asked to clarify free text responses and are prompted by ‘trigger words’ entered into the response. Once a trigger word is entered a targeted supplementary question appears and a set of pre-defined response options is given to the respondent.

    For example, if the word 'nurse' was entered as the occupation, then extra questions are asked about the type of nurse occupation the respondent holds (see example in image below).

    The list of 'trigger words' and targeted supplementary questions are created by looking at common responses in the 'not further defined' coding categories from the previous Census data. 

    There are 13 TSQs for occupation. A full list of the questions, trigger words and response options are available in the downloads on this page.

    Example - targeted supplementary question

    Occupation example - Type of Nurse
    In the main job held last week, what type of nurse was Person 1? Enrolled or division 2 nurse Nurse practitioner Midwife Nurse manager Registered nurse Registered nurse and midwife Other (please specify)

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?

    What are the main tasks that the person usually performs in that occupation?
    What are the main tasks that Person 1 usually performs in that occupation? Give full details. Report the main tasks the person usually does each day. For example, shop owners may not sell goods themselves, but manage their business and supervise staff. For example: Nursing the aged, Cleaning houses, Selling clothing in a department store, Operating an ore crusher in a processing facility. For managers, provide the function managed. For example: Managing construction projects, Managing a hotel, Managing human resources. Tasks or duties

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?

    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where the person works?
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Describe the industry or business of the person's employer, not of their occupation. For example, if they are an accountant working for a motor vehicle manufacturer, please enter the industry as 'motor vehicle manufacturing'. State the industry as completely as possible. For self-employed persons, please describe the industry of their business.

    Example

    Occupation example - Description of business type, health response given
    What best describes the industry or business of the employer at the location where Person 1 works? Examples for industry or business of the employer: Secondary school education, Gold mining, IT consulting service, Domestic cleaning services, Apartment construction. More information Industry or business Health

    Example - Targeted supplementary questions

    Occupation example - Type of health service
    What type of health service does Person 1's employer operate? Hospital (except psychiatric hospitals) Psychiatric hospital Nursing home General practice Dentistry practice Optometry practice Physiotherapy practice Ambulance service Pathology or diagnostic imaging service Federal government administration State government administration Retail pharmacy Pharmaceuticals wholesaling Pharmaceuticals manufacturing Medical equipment wholesaling Other (please specify)

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?

    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information Goods produced/services provided

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer’s business?
    What are the main goods produced or main services provided by the employer's business? Describe as fully as possible, using two words or more. For example: Providing education to secondary school students, Mining gold ore, Providing information technology advice, House cleaning, Construction of residential buildings. More information For self-employed persons, please describe the main goods and services provided by their business.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from the Occupation Experimental Update Version 1 (OCCEV1P) variable. An occupation is coded using the ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 2021 at the 6-digit level to determine the Occupation skill level for the stated occupations. The relationship between occupation and occupation skill level is defined in the ANZSCO. Each 6-digit occupation is assigned a single skill level, however, the higher level categories (e.g. ‘Managers’) may comprise occupations at multiple skill levels. Therefore some ‘not further defined’ (nfd) codes (e.g. 'Managers nfd') do not have a corresponding skill level in the ANZSCO. In such cases, 2016 Census data was used to determine which skill level should be assigned to the ‘not further defined’ code.

    History and changes

    This variable is new for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    It is possible for a highly skilled person to work in a low skilled job/occupation, and it's also possible for a low skilled person (or a person with low or no formal qualifications) to work in a high skilled job.

    Care should be taken when using this variable. The update is only relevant to occupations relating to agriculture, cyber security, naval ship building, and emerging occupations identified by the National Skills Commission. If these occupations are not relevant to your data needs, it is recommended to use the Occupation skill level (OCSKP) variable instead.

    This variable is derived from the Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P) variable. The non-response rate for Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P) was 0.8% in 2021. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Industry of employment (INDP)
    • Occupation (OCCP)
    • Occupation skill level (OCSKP)
    • Occupation experimental update version 1 (OCCEV1P)
    • Job

    Status in employment (SIEMP)

    Definition

    This variable defines a person’s employment status for the main job held in the week prior to Census Night. 

    If a person's status in employment cannot be determined as an owner manager of an incorporated or unincorporated enterprise, responses are categorised to 'Not stated'.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Employee
    2 Owner manager of incorporated enterprise with employees
    3 Owner manager of incorporated enterprise without employees
    4 Owner manager of incorporated enterprise - employees not stated
    5 Owner manager of unincorporated enterprise with employees
    6 Owner manager of unincorporated enterprise without employees
    7 Owner manager of unincorporated enterprise - employees not stated
    8 Contributing family worker
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  11

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years
    • Persons who are unemployed
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons not in the labour force

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Was the person’s business: Unincorporated; Incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd)

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded with 'Working in own business' to the previous question, 'In the main job last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?'

    Was the person’s business: Unincorporated; Incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd)
    Was Person 1's business: Incorporated means a limited liability company. More information Unincorporated Incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Was Person 1's business: Incorporated means a limited liability company.  More information Person's business type  Unincorporated  Incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd)
    Was Person 1's business: Incorporated means a limited liability company. More information If the person's business is unincorporated, for example, if they are a sole trader or in a partnership, select 'Unincorporated'. If the person's business is incorporated as a separate legal entity with limited liability (e.g. Pty Ltd company), select 'Incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd)'.

    Does the person’s business employ people?

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded with 'Working in own business' to the question, 'In the main job last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?'

    Does the person’s business employ people?
    Does Person 1's business employ people? Exclude owner/s of the business. More information No, no employees (other than owner/s) Yes, 1 - 19 employees Yes, 20 or more employees

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Does the person’s business employ people?
    Does Person 1's business employ people? Exclude owner/s of the business. More information Select the number of people employed in the person's business (on an ongoing basis) as at Census night (excluding the owner/s of the business). Exclude contractors, sub-contractors and intermittent casuals (on call, but do not have regular shifts).

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from responses to several questions on the Census form. Data is captured automatically from mark box responses. 

    History and changes

    Status in employment (SEIMP) was first introduced in 2016 to replace Employment type (EMTP) which was discontinued. This variable collects the same information at a more detailed level on whether the incorporated or unincorporated enterprise is with or without employees.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down on Census day. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows: 

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Status in employment (SIEMP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'Not stated' are not applicable to Status in employment (SIEMP).

    The non-response rate for Status in employment (SIEMP) was 0.6% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.0% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the total weekly income (in ranges) that a person received, based on all income recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year. Annual income amounts appear in brackets. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Two-digit level (annual income ranges are displayed within brackets)
    CodeCategory
    01Negative income  
    02Nil income  
    03$1-$149 ($1-$7,799) 
    04$150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599) 
    05$300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799) 
    06$400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999) 
    07$500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799) 
    08$650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599) 
    09$800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999) 
    10$1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999) 
    11$1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999) 
    12$1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999) 
    13$1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999) 
    14$2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999) 
    15$2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999) 
    16$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999) 
    17$3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999) 
    18$4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999) 
    19$4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999) 
    20$5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999) 
    21$6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999) 
    22$8,000-$9,999 ($416,000-$519,999) 
    23$10,000 or more ($520,000 or more) 
    99Admin not available
    @@Not applicable
    VVOverseas visitor 
    Four-digit level
    CodeCategory
    0001Negative income 
    0002Nil income  
    0003$1-$9  
    0004 - 1002$10-$19 to $9,990-$9,999 in ten-dollar ranges 
    1003$10,000 or more 
    9999Admin not available 
    @@@@Not applicable 
    VVVVOverseas visitor  

    Number of categories:   

    • Two-digit level: 26
    • Four-digit level: 1006    

    Admin not available (99, 9999) categories comprise: 

    • Persons who were not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have administrative income information available. 

    Not applicable (@@, @@@@) categories comprise: 

    • Persons aged under 15 years 

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.  

    This variable captures weekly income, based on all income recorded between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021 from the following types of income: 

    • Employee wages and salary 
    • Government benefits and allowances 
    • Own unincorporated business income 
    • Superannuation income 
    • Investment income 
    • Other income (for example transfer or trust income; controlled foreign company income; net foreign pension and annuity income; and foreign investment and life insurance income) 

    The weekly income is calculated by dividing the total income recorded by 52. 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the Census income data collected via the Census form. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question.  

    Comparison to Census income data 

    Although this variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the income data collected via the Census form, there are several important differences to consider.

    Collection method 

    This variable was not derived from data collected via the Census form, rather it was collected directly from administrative data sources. Unlike data collected via the Census form, this variable does not rely on people correctly recalling the income that they, and other household members, usually earn.  

    Financial year income used to determine weekly income 

    Financial year income from the administrative data is used as a measure of weekly income. This captures longer term trends of income and is not subject to short term changes around Census time. This means that this variable may not align with what a person reported they earned, or usually earned around the time of the Census.  

    The administrative variable may include lump sums or one-off payments that don’t reflect a person’s usual income.  

    This variable may understate usual weekly income where a person worked for only part of the year. 

    Superannuation income in administrative data 

    The administrative data used to derive this variable had limited coverage of income from superannuation, because many superannuation payments are not required to be reported annually to the Australian Taxation Office. This has resulted in the undercount of total income received for some people with superannuation income. 

    Linkage between Census and administrative data 

    This variable relies upon the accurate linkage of Census to the administrative data. Data linkage rates (denoted through the 99 and 9999 categories) need to be considered in conjunction with the administrative income when assessing totals.  

    Lockdown 

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the 2020/2021 financial year. This resulted in a greater number of people being temporarily stood down, which impacted their income recorded in administrative data.  

    Comparison to other ABS Surveys 

    Although other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Personal Income in Australia, collect similar data relating to personal income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, collection period, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection to use it most appropriately.  

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Total family income (administrative data) (weekly) (FINAF)

    Definition

    This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each family member aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This excludes families where one or more family members aged 15 years and over did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. These families are coded to the 'Partial incomes available' and total family incomes are not calculated. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    Two-digit level (annual income ranges are displayed within brackets)
    CodeCategory
    01Negative income  
    02Nil income  
    03$1-$149 ($1-$7,799) 
    04$150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599) 
    05$300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799)
    06$400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999)
    07$500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799)
    08$650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599)
    09$800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999)
    10$1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999)
    11$1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999)
    12$1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999)
    13$1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999)
    14$2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999)
    15$2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999)
    17$3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999)
    18$4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999)
    19$4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999)
    20$5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21$6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999)
    22$8,000-$9,999 ($416,000-$519,999)
    23$10,000 or more ($520,000 or more)
    88Partial incomes available
    99Admin not available
    @@Not applicable
    Four-digit level
    CodeCategory
    0001Negative income 
    0002Nil income  
    0003$1-$9  
    0004 - 1002$10-$19 to $9,990-$9,999 in ten-dollar ranges 
    1003$10,000 or more 
    8888Partial incomes available 
    9999Admin not available 
    @@@@Not applicable 

    Number of categories:   

    • Two-digit level: 26 
    • Four-digit level: 1006    

    Admin not available (99, 9999) category comprises: 

    • Families where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the family did not have any administrative income information available   

    Not applicable (@@, @@@@) category comprises: 

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households 
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Non-private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s  

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated by summing the personal incomes recorded in administrative data for all family members aged 15 years and over.  

    Families where all or at least one family member aged 15 and over was not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have income information available in administrative data are set to: 

    • 'Admin not available' and 
    • 'Partial incomes available' respectively. 

    Families where at least one member aged 15 and over was absent from the dwelling on Census Night are also set to 'Partial incomes available'.  

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the Census income data collected via the Census form. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question.  

    Comparison to Census income data

    Although this variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to income data collected via the Census form, there are differences to consider.

    Method to calculate family income 

    The personal incomes used to create this variable were recorded to the nearest dollar. The Census question, on the other hand, collects personal income in ranges, then a median-based approximation is used to calculate family income. 

    Unlike data collected via the Census form, this variable does not rely on people correctly recalling the income that they, and other household members, usually earn.  

    Comparisons to other family data 

    This variable should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Main type of family government benefit payment (administrative data) (FGAF)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a family received. This is based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of family members aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Families in family households

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    00Nil or negative income
    01Age Pension
    02Austudy/ABSTUDY
    03Carer Allowance
    04Carer Payment
    05Dad and Partner Pay
    06Disability Support Pension
    07Family Tax Benefits
    08Future Flexible Support Payment
    09Mobility Allowance
    10Newstart Allowance and JobSeeker
    11Paid Parental Leave Payment
    12Parenting Payment
    13Special Benefit
    14Widow Allowance
    15Youth Allowance
    16Other government pensions and allowances
    17Type of benefit unknown
    18Did not receive government pension or allowance
    99Admin not available
    @@Not applicable

    Number of categories: 21

    Admin not available (99) category comprises: 

    • Families where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the family did not have any administrative income information available 

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises: 

    • Non-family/Non-classifiable households 
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Non-private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. PLIDA contains data on government benefits, pensions, and allowances from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable. 

    This variable is calculated based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. This includes families where one or more members did not have income information available in administrative data or where one or more members were absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

    The main type of government benefit payment is the category with the largest amount recorded. This variable does not record the dollar amount of government benefits, pensions, and allowances received; it records what the main benefit type is. 

    All payments recorded in the administrative data are included, however some government benefit payments have been excluded from this variable as they are deemed not to represent income. The excluded payments are: 

    • Rent Assistance 
    • Fares Allowance 
    • HECS or Course Fees 
    • Student Start-up Loan 
    • Home Equity Access Scheme / Pension Loans Scheme 
    • Commonwealth Seniors Health Card 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on government benefit, pension and allowance information recorded in linked administrative data, and is not data collected from a Census question. 

    Comparisons to other family data

    This variable should be used with caution when comparing to other family data from within the ABS and for external organisations or agencies. The definition of a family can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Total household income (administrative data) (weekly) (HINAD)

    Definition

    This variable is the sum of Total personal income (administrative data) (weekly) (INCAP) of each resident aged 15 years or older who was present in the household on Census Night. This excludes households where one or more resident did not have income information available in administrative data or was absent from the dwelling on Census Night. These households are coded to the 'Partial incomes available' and total household incomes are not calculated. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Two-digit level (annual income ranges are displayed within brackets)
    CodeCategory
    01Negative income  
    02Nil income  
    03$1-$149 ($1-$7,799) 
    04$150-$299 ($7,800-$15,599) 
    05$300-$399 ($15,600-$20,799) 
    06$400-$499 ($20,800-$25,999) 
    07$500-$649 ($26,000-$33,799) 
    08$650-$799 ($33,800-$41,599) 
    09$800-$999 ($41,600-$51,999) 
    10$1,000-$1,249 ($52,000-$64,999) 
    11$1,250-$1,499 ($65,000-$77,999) 
    12$1,500-$1,749 ($78,000-$90,999) 
    13$1,750-$1,999 ($91,000-$103,999) 
    14$2,000-$2,499 ($104,000-$129,999) 
    15$2,500-$2,999 ($130,000-$155,999)
    16$3,000-$3,499 ($156,000-$181,999) 
    17$3,500-$3,999 ($182,000-$207,999) 
    18$4,000-$4,499 ($208,000-$233,999) 
    19$4,500-$4,999 ($234,000-$259,999) 
    20$5,000-$5,999 ($260,000-$311,999)
    21$6,000-$7,999 ($312,000-$415,999) 
    22$8,000-$9,999 ($416,000-$519,999) 
    23$10,000 or more ($520,000 or more) 
    88Partial incomes available 
    99Admin not available 
    @@Not applicable 
    Four-digit level
    CodeCategory
    0001Negative income  
    0002Nil income  
    0003$1-$9  
    0004 - 1002$10-$19 to $9,990-$9,999 in ten-dollar ranges 
    1003$10,000 or more 
    8888Partial incomes available 
    9999Admin not available 
    @@@@Not applicable 

    Number of categories:

    • Two-digit level: 26
    • Four-digit level: 1006

    Admin not available (99, 9999) category comprises:

    • Households where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore the household did not have any administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@@, @@@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings 
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s 
    • Other non-classifiable households 

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains administrative income data from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable.   

    This variable is calculated by summing the personal incomes recorded in administrative data of all household members aged 15 years and over. 

    Households where all or at least one member aged 15 and over was not able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have income information available in administrative data are set to: 

    • ‘Admin not available’ and 
    • ‘Partial incomes available’ respectively. 

    Households where at least one member aged 15 and over was away from the dwelling on Census Night are also set to ‘Partial incomes available’. 

    In most cases, the income of visitors to a household are excluded from this variable. The exception to this is households that comprise only visitors. 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to the Census income data collected via the Census form. It is based on income information recorded in linked administrative data, and not data collected from a Census question.  

    Comparison to Census income data 

    Although this variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income to income data collected via the Census form, there are differences to consider.

    Method to calculate household income 

    The personal incomes used to create this variable were recorded to the nearest dollar. The Census question, on the other hand, collects personal income in ranges, then a median-based approximation is used to calculate household income. 

    Unlike data collected via the Census form, this variable does not rely on people correctly recalling the income that they, and other household members, usually earn.  

    Comparison to other ABS Surveys 

    Although other ABS surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Housing and Personal Income in Australia, collect similar data relating to household income, they are not directly comparable. This is due to differences in scope, collection methodology, collection period, and conceptual differences. It is likely that data from each of these collections will deliver different outcomes making it important for data users to understand the key conceptual differences between each collection to use it most appropriately.  

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Main type of household government benefit payment (administrative data) (HGAD)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the main type of government benefit payment that a household received. This is based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. 

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data (PLIDA) data asset to the Census. 

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    CodeCategory
    00Nil or negative income
    01Age Pension
    02Austudy/ABSTUDY
    03Carer Allowance
    04Carer Payment
    05Dad and Partner Pay
    06Disability Support Pension
    07Family Tax Benefits
    08Future Flexible Support Payment
    09Mobility Allowance
    10Newstart Allowance and JobSeeker
    11Paid Parental Leave Payment
    12Parenting Payment
    13Special Benefit
    14Widow Allowance
    15Youth Allowance
    16Other government pensions and allowances
    17Type of benefit unknown
    18Did not receive government pension or allowance
    99Admin not available
    @@Not applicable

     Number of categories:  21

    Admin not available (99) category comprises:

    • Households where no persons were able to be linked to PLIDA, and therefore did not have any administrative income information available

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Non-private dwellings
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s
    • Other non-classifiable households

    How this variable is created

    This variable wasn’t derived from data collected directly on the Census form but has been created by linking administrative data from the Person Level Integrated Data Asset (PLIDA) to the Census. The PLIDA data asset contains data on government benefits, pensions, and allowances from the Australian Taxation Office and the Department of Social Services, this is the source data for this variable. 

    This variable is calculated based on all government benefits, pensions, and allowances recorded in administrative data for the 2020/2021 financial year of residents aged 15 years or older who were present in the household on Census Night. This includes households where one or more residents did not have income information available in administrative data or where one or more residents were absent from the dwelling on Census Night. 

    The main type of government benefit payment is the category with the largest amount recorded. This variable does not record the dollar amount of government benefits, pensions, and allowances received; it records what the main benefit type is. 

    All payments recorded in the administrative data are included, however some government benefit payments have been excluded from this variable as they are deemed not to represent income. The excluded payments are: 

    • Rent Assistance 
    • Fares Allowance 
    • HECS or Course Fees 
    • Student Start-up Loan 
    • Home Equity Access Scheme / Pension Loans Scheme 
    • Commonwealth Seniors Health Card 

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable provides an alternative, more detailed view on income than income data collected in the Census. It is based on government benefit, pension and allowance information recorded in linked administrative data, and is not data collected from a Census question. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Location

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    IFPOWP Imputation flag for place of work October 2022
    IFPURP Imputation flag for place of usual residence June 2022
    MV1D Household one year mobility indicator October 2022
    MV5D Household five year mobility indicator October 2022
    POWP Place of work October 2022
    PUR1P Place of usual residence one year ago October 2022
    PUR5P Place of usual residence five years ago October 2022
    PURP Place of usual residence June 2022
    UAI1P Usual address one year ago indicator October 2022
    UAI5P Usual address five years ago indicator October 2022
    UAICP Usual address indicator Census night June 2022

    Imputation flag for place of work (IFPOWP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates if a person's place of work in the week before Census Night was imputed, and to what geographic level. Some people may provide an incomplete address for their place of work, and this flag indicates the geographic level at which imputation was then required. The address of the person’s workplace is coded to a Destination zone (DZN). Destination zones are co-designed with state and territory transport authorities.

    People who have not provided enough information to have their place of work coded to a DZN will have this information imputed. Imputation is a statistical process for predicting values where no response was provided to a question and therefore a response could not be derived. The Imputation flag for place of work (IFPOWP) variable can be used to identify records whose place of work has been imputed. It provides information on the level of response a person provided to the question 'For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?'.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over who listed their employment status as ‘Employed’

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Workplace address not imputed
    2 Workplace address imputed – SA2 stated
    3 Workplace address imputed – Capital city stated
    4 Workplace address imputed – State/Territory stated
    5 Workplace address imputed – Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    This is a derived variable created during Census processing to indicate whether place of work is imputed. Where an incomplete place of work address is given, place of work is imputed at different geography levels using the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). This variable is coded based on what level the respondent’s place of work is imputed.

    Respondents that provided partial or no information about their place of work will have a Place of work (POWP) DZN imputed to them. This is imputed based on the distribution of responses observed in the responding population. Depending on the level of imputation required, the following variables (where available) may be used in its method:

    • Place of usual residence (PURP)
    • Industry of employment (INDP)
    • Method of travel to work (MTWP)

    History and changes

    A question on place of work was first asked in 1971 with similar questions having been asked in every Census since then. The POWP variable was used for the first time in the 2006 Census and replaced the Journey to Work variable which was used prior to that.

    Data is available for DZN in TableBuilder Pro. Prior to 2011, DZN data was only available via customised request. DZN boundaries were updated for 2016 and the new IFPOWP variable was introduced.

    For 2021 a new instruction has been added to the online form to help people who are in COVID-19 affected areas answer the place of work question. Additional instructions were also added to the Census website – see Data use considerations for more details.

    Data use considerations

    The non-response rate for Place of Work is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Place of Work.

    Using the Imputation flag for Place of work (IFPOWP), the non-response rate for Place of work (POWP) was 11.1% in 2021. This is a increase from 10.0% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. This may impact their responses for their place of work. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    • For people who usually work from home, and did not have any other workplace, write the home address
    • For people who are working from home temporarily due to COVID-19, write the workplace address they would normally be at.

    Be aware that people may have put their home address as the workplace address despite instructions to put the regular work address if they were working from home during COVID-19 lockdown. 

    Comparability of Destination zones over time 

    DZN are not comparable across censuses due to changes to both the boundary and code structure.

    POWP is a hierarchical classification, ranging from the broadest geographic level (Australia), to the finest level (DZN). The categories in this variable have changed to reflect the updated ASGS used for the 2021 Census. Data is also available for Local Government Areas to assist with time series comparison.

    Journey to work information

    Data for POWP, PURP and MTWP can be cross-classified to:

    • examine movements of people to and from work
    • analyse transport patterns
    • assist in the planning for transport systems
    • develop and release residential and commercial land.

    Journey to work data is used by:

    • transport authorities
    • associated bodies
    • organisations
    • other interested people.

    It is important to note that the different variables for cross-classification represent different time frames and can produce outliers in the data due to a variety of reasons. Variables are listed below: 

    • POWP refers to a person’s workplace address last week
    • PURP refers to where a person usually lives (which may or may not be where they were counted on Census Night)
    • MTWP refers to how the person travelled to work on the day of the Census
    Examples of how cross-classification can affect the data
      Example 1 Example 2
    Scenario A person spent the previous night in Brisbane with a friend and walked to work in Brisbane City. She then caught a train to her parent's place on the Gold Coast (which she also regarded as her usual place of residence) that evening when she was enumerated A person mainly worked in Alice Springs in the week prior to the Census. However, the person moved to Sydney in the intervening week and took a ferry to their new place of employment
    Area of enumeration Gold Coast

    Manly

    Place of usual residence Gold Coast Manly
    Place of work Brisbane City

    Alice Springs

    Method of transport to work Walked Only Ferry

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates if a person's place of usual residence was imputed in the Census, and to what geographic level. Some people may provide an incomplete address of usual residence, and this flag indicates the geographic level at which imputation was then required.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Not imputed – State/Territory, SA2 and SA1 stated
    02 SA1 imputed – State/Territory and SA2 stated
    03 SA2 and SA1 imputed – State/Territory and/or Capital City provided
    04 State/Territory, SA2 and SA1 imputed

    Number of categories: 4

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information Person's usual address 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If you have written 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box, make sure the other boxes are empty. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    This is a derived variable created during Census processing to indicate whether usual address is imputed. Where incomplete address of usual residence is given, place of usual residence is imputed at different geography levels using the Australian Statistical Geography Standard. This variable is coded based on what level the respondent’s place of usual residence is imputed.

    For more information about imputation, see Place of usual residence (PURP) and imputation in the Census Glossary.

    History and changes

    Prior to the 1961 Census, questions did not differentiate between place of enumeration and place of usual residence. A question relating to Place of usual residence was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since then.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    Using the Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP), the non-response rate for Place of usual residence (PURP) at the Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) geographic level was 4.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.4% in 2016. 

    The non-response rate at the Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) geographic level was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.5% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Household one year mobility indicator (MV1D)

    Definition

    This derived variable indicates if all, some, or none of the usual residents of a household on 10 August 2021 have a different usual address compared to one year earlier (i.e. 10 August 2020). Persons temporarily absent, visitors, and households containing only visitors, are excluded.

    Scope

    Family, group, lone person households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 All residents in the household aged one year and over had a different address one year ago
    2 Some residents in the household aged one year and over had a different address one year ago
    3 No residents in the household aged one year and over had a different address one year ago
    & At least one resident did not state an address one year ago
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Household one year mobility indicator example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the questions asking for a person's place of usual residence on Census Night and one year ago. From this data it is possible to identify the change of address of people and show the movement of households for one year prior to the Census date. The dwelling can then be coded as having all, some, or no residents in the household having a different address one year ago.

    Dwellings where at least one resident aged one year and over did not state their address one year ago are coded to ‘& At least one resident did not state an address one year ago’.

    History and changes

    The household mobility variable was first used for the 1991 Census. However, data about the change of addresses for individual persons, from which this variable is derived, has been collected since the 1976 Census.

    In 2021, the reference year has been updated. The ‘Not stated’ category label has also been updated to ‘At least one resident did not state an address one year ago’.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Household one year mobility indicator (MV1D) was 1.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.2% in 2016. For this variable, the 'non-response' includes households in which one or more residents did not state their usual residence one year ago.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Household five year mobility indicator (MV5D)

    Definition

    This derived variable indicates if all, some, or none of the usual residents of a household on 10 August 2021 have a different usual address compared to five years earlier (i.e. 10 August 2016). Persons temporarily absent, visitors, and households containing only visitors, are excluded.

    Scope

    Family, group, lone person households

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 All residents in the household aged five years and over had a different address five years ago
    2 Some residents aged five years and over had a different address five years ago
    3 No residents aged five years and over had a different address five years ago
    & At least one resident did not state an address five years ago
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Visitor only households
    • Other non-classifiable households
    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?

    Where did the person usually live on year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Household five year mobility indicator example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live on year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Household five year mobility indicator example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from questions asking for a person's place of usual residence on Census Night, one year ago and five years ago. The dwelling can then be coded as having all, some, or no residents in the household having a different address five years ago.

    Dwellings where at least one resident aged five years and over did not state their address five years ago are coded to ‘& At least one resident did not state an address five years ago’.

    History and changes

    A variable on household mobility was first used for the 1991 Census. A question relating to place of usual residence five years ago was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since then.

    For 2021, output category labels have been updated to make the categories easier to understand.

    Data use considerations

    From this data it is possible to identify the change of address of people and show the movement of households for five years prior to the Census date.

    The non-response rate for Household five year mobility indicator (MV5D) was 2.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 2.9% in 2016. For this variable, the 'non-response' includes households in which one or more residents did not state their usual residence five years ago.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Place of work (POWP)

    Definition

    This variable records the geographic area in which a person worked in the week before Census Night. The address of the person’s workplace is coded to a Destination zone (DZN). Destination zones are co-designed with state and territory transport authorities for the analysis of Place of work (POWP) data, commuting patterns and the development of transport policy.

    Scope

    Employed persons aged 15 years and over who listed their employment status as ‘Employed’

    Categories

    Place of work data is available for the following geographies:

    • State/Territory
    • Greater capital city statistical area
    • Statistical area 4
    • Statistical area 3
    • Statistical area 2
    • Local government areas
    • Destination zones

    A list of categories is available from the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) although the following supplementary codes are always included:

    • Not applicable
    • Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: Available on request

    Not applicable category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons, looking for either full-time or part-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information. 

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?

    For the main job held last week, what was the employer’s business name?
    For the main job held last week, what was the business's name? For self-employed persons, provide the name of the Person's business. For teachers, provide the name of the school. Business name

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is determined from written responses to the Business name and Workplace address questions on the Census form.

    Most responses for POWP are coded automatically. The remaining responses go through a bulk coding process where groupings of the same business or property are assigned a POWP code. The responses that cannot be coded using either method are coded manually using a workplace index.

    Responses are coded to units of geography known as DZN. DZNs are aggregates of whole Mesh blocks (though data is not coded to the Mesh block level), and aggregate to Statistical area level 2. Due to the hierarchical nature of the ASGS, place of work data is also available in the following geographies:

    • Statistical area level 3
    • Statistical area level 4
    • State/Territory and Greater capital city statistical area levels

    Although DZNs do not fit neatly into Local Government Area (LGA) boundaries, a DZN to LGA correspondence is available to allow data to also be released at the LGA level. See the Data downloads section of this page to download the correspondence. 

    History and changes

    A question on place of work was first asked in 1971 with similar questions having been asked in every Census since then. The POWP variable was used for the first time in the 2006 Census and replaced the Journey to work variable which was used prior to that.

    Data is available for DZN in TableBuilder Pro. Prior to 2011, DZN data was only available via customised request. DZN boundaries were updated for 2016 and the new Imputation flag for place of work (IFPOWP) variable was introduced.

    For 2021 a new instruction has been added to the online form to help people who are in COVID-19 affected areas answer the place of work question. Additional instructions were also added to the Census website – see Data use considerations for more details.

    Data use considerations

    Using the Imputation flag for Place of work (IFPOWP), the non-response rate for Place of work (POWP) was 11.1% in 2021. This is an increase from 10.0% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. This may impact their responses for their place of work. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    • For people who usually work from home, and did not have any other workplace, write the home address
    • For people who are working from home temporarily due to COVID-19, write the workplace address they would normally be at.

    Be aware that people may have put their home address as the workplace address despite instructions to put regular work address if they were working from home during COVID-19 lockdown.

    Comparability of Destination zones over time 

    DZN are not comparable across censuses due to changes to both the boundary and code structure.

    POWP is a hierarchical classification, ranging from the broadest geographic level (Australia), to the finest level (DZN). The categories in this variable have changed to reflect the updated ASGS used for the 2021 Census. Data is also available for Local Government Areas to assist with time series comparison.

    Journey to work information

    Data for POWP, Place of usual residence (PURP) and Method of travel to work (MTWP) can be cross-classified to:

    • examine movements of people to and from work
    • analyse transport patterns
    • assist in the planning for transport systems
    • develop and release residential and commercial land.

    Journey to work data is used by:

    • transport authorities
    • associated bodies
    • organisations
    • other interested people.

    It is important to note that the different variables for cross-classification represent different timeframes and can produce outliers in the data due to a variety of reasons. Variables are listed below: 

    • POWP refers to a person’s workplace address last week
    • PURP refers to where a person usually lives (which may or may not be where they were counted on Census Night)
    • MTWP refers to how the person travelled to work on the day of the Census
    Examples of how cross-classification can affect the data
      Example 1 Example 2

    Scenario

    A person spent the previous night in Brisbane with a friend and walked to work in Brisbane City. She then caught a train to her parent's place on the Gold Coast (which she also regarded as her usual place of residence) that evening where she was enumerated

    A person mainly worked in Alice Springs in the week prior to the Census. However, the person moved to Sydney in the intervening week and took a ferry to their new place of employment

    Area of enumeration

    Gold Coast

    Manly

    Place of usual residence

    Gold Coast

    Manly

    Place of work

    Brisbane City

    Alice Springs

    Method of transport to work

    Walked Only

    Ferry

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Data downloads

    2021 DZN to 2021 LGA correspondence

    Place of usual residence one year ago (PUR1P)

    Definition

    This variable records the geographic area in which a person usually lived one year before the Census. The base area that is output is Statistical area level 2. These can be aggregated to form higher Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) areas:

    • Statistical area level 3
    • Statistical area level 4
    • Significant urban area
    • Greater capital city statistical areas
    • State/Territory

    For details of these areas refer to the ASGS.

    Scope

    People aged one year and over

    Categories

    Code Category
      In addition to the ASGS geographic areas outlined above, the following categories are also included:
    9099 Capital city nfd
    9299 Overseas
    9499 No usual address
    9799 Migratory, off-shore and shipping
    9899 State/Territory nfd
    &&&& Not stated
    @@@@ Not applicable
    VVVV Overseas visitors

    Number of categories: Total number of categories will depend on the geographic level chosen

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 1 year

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Special purpose code definitions

    Special purpose code Definition

    Capital city nfd

    Used to code place of usual residence one and five years ago. Used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form. But has given enough information to allow coding to a capital city. There is a category for each capital city:

    • Capital city (Greater Sydney) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Melbourne) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Brisbane) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Adelaide) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Perth) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Hobart) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Darwin) nfd
    • Capital city (ACT) nfd

    State/Territory nfd

    Used to code place of usual residence one and five years ago. Used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form but has given enough information to allow coding to a state/territory. There is a category for each state/territory:

    • State/Territory nfd (NSW)
    • State/Territory nfd (Vic.)
    • State/Territory nfd (Qld)
    • State/Territory nfd (SA)
    • State/Territory nfd (WA)
    • State/Territory nfd (Tas.)
    • State/Territory nfd (NT)
    • State/Territory nfd (OT)

    Migratory

    Used to code people who are in transit on long distance trains, buses, aircraft, and long-haul road transport vehicles on Census Night.

    Off-shore

    Used to code people who are on oil rigs and drilling platforms etc. on Census Night.  Also used for expeditioners in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

    Shipping

    Used to code people who are on board vessels in Australian waters, in or between Australian ports on Census Night.

    No usual address

    Used to code people who have no fixed address, such as travellers who move across Australia.

    Not applicable

    Used to code a person’s place of usual residence one and five years ago, for children who had not been born one or five years ago.

    Overseas

    Used to code a person’s place of usual residence one and five years ago, for people who lived overseas one and five years ago.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Place of usual residence one year ago example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information Person's usual address one year ago 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    PUR1P is coded to SA2 geography based on the response to the question, 'Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?'. If PUR1P cannot be coded to SA2 geography, it is assigned to a 'Capital city nfd' category, or a 'State/Territory nfd' category.

    For people whose place of usual residence one year ago was the same as their place of usual residence on Census Night, PUR1P is automatically derived from Place of usual residence (PURP). People who lived overseas one year ago are coded to ‘Overseas’. For people who lived elsewhere in Australia one year ago, the address details provided on the form are coded using automatic or clerical processes.

    People who did not answer 'Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?' are coded to ‘Not stated’.

    History and changes

    The question 'Where did the person usually live one year ago?' was first asked in the 1976 Census and has been asked at every Census since.

    In 2021, Geographic classifications have been changed to reflect the updated ASGS used for the 2021 Census. Supplementary code ‘Undefined state’ has been updated to ‘State/Territory nfd’ to better reflect the category.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Place of usual residence one year ago (PUR1P) was 6.0% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.6% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Place of usual residence five years ago (PUR5P)

    Definition

    This variable records the geographic area in which a person usually lived five years before the Census. The base area that is output for Place of usual residence five years ago (PUR5P) is Statistical area level 2 (SA2). These can be aggregated to form higher Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) areas:

    • Statistical area level 3
    • Statistical area level 4
    • Significant urban area
    • Greater capital city statistical areas
    • State/Territory

    For details of these areas refer to the ASGS.

    Scope

    Persons aged five years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
      In addition to the ASGS geographic areas outlined above, the following categories are also included:
    9099 Capital city nfd
    9299 Overseas
    9499 No usual residence
    9799 Migratory, off-shore and shipping
    9899 State/Territory nfd
    &&&& Not stated
    @@@@ Not applicable
    VVVV Overseas visitors

    Number of categories:  Total number of categories will depend on the geographic level chosen

    Not applicable (@@@@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 5 year

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Special purpose code definitions

    Special purpose code Definition

    Capital city nfd

    Used to code place of usual residence one and five years ago. Used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form but has given enough information to allow coding to a capital city. There is a category for each capital city:

    • Capital city (Greater Sydney) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Melbourne) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Brisbane) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Adelaide) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Perth) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Hobart) nfd
    • Capital city (Greater Darwin) nfd
    • Capital city (ACT) nfd

    State/Territory nfd

    Used to code place of usual residence one and five years ago. Used where a respondent has given incomplete address information on the Census form but has given enough information to allow coding to a state/territory. There is a category for each state/territory:

    • State/Territory nfd (NSW)
    • State/Territory nfd (Vic.)
    • State/Territory nfd (Qld)
    • State/Territory nfd (SA)
    • State/Territory nfd (WA)
    • State/Territory nfd (Tas.)
    • State/Territory nfd (NT)
    • State/Territory nfd (OT)

    Migratory

    Used to code people who are in transit on long distance trains, buses, aircraft and long-haul road transport vehicles on Census Night.

    Off-shore

    Used to code people who are on oil rigs and drilling platforms etc. on Census Night.  Also used for expeditioners in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

    Shipping

    Used to code people who are on board vessels in Australian waters, in or between Australian ports on Census Night.

    No usual residence

    Used to code people who have no fixed address, such as travellers who move across Australia.

    Not applicable

    Used to code a person’s place of usual residence one and five years ago, for children who had not been born one or five years ago.

    Overseas

    Used to code a person’s place of usual residence one and five years ago, for people who lived overseas one and five years ago.

       
       

     

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information Person's usual address 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If you have written 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box, make sure the other boxes are empty. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information Person's usual address five years ago 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Place of usual residence five years ago example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information Person's usual address five years ago 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    PUR5P is coded to SA2 based on the response to the question 'Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?'. If PUR5P cannot be coded to the SA2 geography, it is assigned to a 'Capital city nfd' category, or a 'State/Territory nfd' category.

    For people whose place of usual residence five years ago was the same as their place of usual residence on Census Night, their PUR5P is automatically derived from Place of usual residence (PURP). People who lived overseas five years ago are coded to ‘Overseas’. For people who lived elsewhere in Australia five years ago, the address details provided on the form are coded using automatic or clerical processes.

    People who did not answer the question 'Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?' are coded to ‘Not stated’.

    History and changes

    This question relating to place of usual residence five years ago was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since then.

    In 2021, Geographic classifications have been changed to reflect the updated ASGS used for the 2021 Census. Supplementary code ‘Undefined state’ has been updated to ‘State/Territory nfd’ to better reflect the category.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Place of usual residence five year ago (PUR5P) was 6.9% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.0% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Place of usual residence (PURP)

    Definition

    This variable records the geographic area in which a person usually lives. It may or may not be the place where the person was counted on Census Night. The base area for Place of usual residence (PURP) is a mesh block (MB). These can be aggregated to form higher Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) areas.

    For details of these areas refer to the ASGS.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code              Category
      In addition to the ASGS geographic areas, the following categories are also included:
      Migratory, off-shore and shipping
      No usual address
    VVVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  Total number of categories will depend on the geographic level chosen

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Special purpose code definitions

    Special purpose codes Definition
    Migratory Used to code people who are in transit on long distance trains, buses, aircraft and long-haul road transport vehicles on Census Night.
    Off-shore Used to code people who are on oil rigs and drilling platforms etc. on Census Night.  Also used for expeditioners in the Australian Antarctic Territory.
    Shipping Used to code people who are on board vessels in Australian waters, in or between Australian ports on Census Night.
    No usual address Used to code people who have no fixed address, such as travellers who move across Australia.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the address of this dwelling?

    What is the address of this dwelling?
    What is the address of this dwelling? More information Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the address of this dwelling?
    What is the address of this dwelling? More information For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    For people who are at home on Census Night, Place of usual residence (PURP) is automatically derived from their place of enumeration.  

    People who usually lived overseas are coded as ‘Overseas visitors’.

    People who have 'no usual address' are instructed on the Census form to write 'None' in the suburb/locality field for the usual address question. Each state/territory has one Statistical area 1 (SA1) and Statistical area 2 (SA2) imputed specifically for these responses.

    Shipping SA1s and Offshore SA1s are also valid for PURP.

    For people who live elsewhere in Australia, address details that are provided on the form are coded to mesh block (MB) where possible using automatic or clerical processes. MBs are the smallest geographical unit in the ABS and form the basis for the larger regions of the ASGS.

    Where incomplete address of usual residence is given, PURP is imputed at different geography levels using the ASGS. The variable Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP) indicates if a person's PURP was imputed in the Census, and to what level. For more information about imputation, see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    Migratory SA1s are invalid for place of usual residence and such responses are imputed to a valid spatial SA1.

    History and changes

    A question relating to place of usual residence was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since then. Prior to the 1961 Census, questions did not differentiate between place of enumeration and place of usual residence.

    Since the 2001 Census, an additional note was included: 'For persons who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, mark 'Other country'.

    The categories in this variable have changed to reflect the updated ASGS used for the 2021 Census. Provision is also made for persons who indicate that they have no usual place of residence.

    Prior to 2016, usual address information for persons staying in a non-private dwelling (hotel, hospitals) on Census Night was recorded on a Summary form by a Census Field Officer. In 2016, under the new enumeration method, usual address information was no longer collected during the non-private dwelling enumeration process. If a form was not returned by a respondent in a non-private dwelling, demographic information including their usual address was imputed based on people in similar non-private dwellings. 

    For 2021, instructional text was added to aid people without a fixed or return address by including examples ‘due to family conflict’ or ‘eviction’.

    Data use considerations

    The technical definition of usual residence refers to the address at which a person lives or intends to live for six months or more. However, the data is self-reported and sometimes, the address that is reported may be what respondents consider their 'usual address' rather than the technical definition. People visiting Australia from another country for less than one year are considered overseas visitors.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Place of Usual Residence (IFPURP), the non-response rate for Place of usual residence (PURP) at the Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) geographic level was 4.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.4% in 2016. 

    The non-response rate at the Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) geographic level was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.5% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Usual address one year ago indicator (UAI1P)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person:

    • lived in the same address one year ago as their current usual residence
    • lived elsewhere in Australia one year ago
    • usually lived in another country one year ago

    This variable when used with Usual address indicator Census Night (UAICP), Usual address five years ago indicator (UAI5P), and additionally with Place of usual residence (PURP) data, shows migration patterns.

    Scope

    All persons aged one year and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Same as in 2021
    2 Elsewhere in Australia
    3 Overseas in 2020
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor 2021

    Number of categories: 6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 1 year

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?

    Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information Person's usual address one year ago 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Usual address one year ago indicator example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information Person's usual address one year ago 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2020, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    This variable contains the response category answer to the question 'Where did the person usually live one year ago (at 10 August 2020)?'. The responses are captured automatically from mark box responses on the form.

    Where the indicator mark boxes have been left blank by a respondent, but they have reported an address one year ago, UAI1P is derived based on the address reported. If the respondent does not report either the indicator or the address, they will be set to 'Not stated'. However, where a person who is aged under 16 years (i.e. they were aged under 15 years one year ago) does not respond to the usual address one year ago question, but their parent(s) did respond, their UAI1P is set to the same value as their parent.

    History and changes

    The question relating to the usual address one year ago was first asked in the 1976 Census and has been asked at every Census since.

    In 2021, the categories with years have been updated to 2021 and the previous year of 2020. 

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Usual address one year ago indicator (UAI1P) was 5.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.3% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Usual address five years ago indicator (UAI5P)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person:

    • lived in the same address five years ago as their current usual residence
    • lived elsewhere in Australia five years ago
    • usually lived in another country five years ago

    This variable when used with Usual address Census Night indicator (UAICP), Usual address one year ago indicator (UAI1P), and also with Place of usual residence (PURP) data, shows migration patterns.

    Scope

    All persons aged five years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Same as in 2021
    2 Elsewhere in Australia
    3 Overseas in 2016
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor 2021

    Number of categories: 6

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 5 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?

    Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    Example

    Usual address five years ago indicator example - elsewhere in Australia response selected
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) (selected response) Fill in the address details Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?
    Where did Person 1 usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)? For people who had no usual address on 10 August 2016, select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and provide the address at which they were then living. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the response category answer to the question on the 2021 Census forms which asks, 'Where did the person usually live five years ago (at 10 August 2016)?'. 

    The responses to this question are captured automatically from mark box responses on the form. Where the indicator mark boxes have been left blank by a respondent but they have reported an address five years ago, UAI5P is derived based on the address reported. If the respondent does not report either the indicator or the address, they will be set to 'Not stated'. However, where a person who is aged under 20 years (i.e. they were aged under 15 years five years ago) does not respond to the usual address five years ago question, but their parent(s) did respond, their UAI5P is set to the same value as their parent.

    History and changes

    The question relating to usual address five years ago was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since then.

    In Censuses prior to 2011, there was a separate category for people who had the same address five years ago as for their address one year ago. This allowed users to differentiate between those people who lived at a different address five years ago and one year ago, compared with those who lived at the same address five years ago and one year ago. While the data is collected and processed in the same way, this information is no longer publicly available as it is merged with 'elsewhere in Australia' prior to release.

    In 2021, the categories with years have been updated to 2021, the previous year of 2020 and 2016 for five years ago. 

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Usual address five years ago indicator (UAI5P) was 6.0% in 2021. This is a decrease from 7.3% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person was at home or elsewhere on Census Night. It contains the answer to the Census question about usual residence, which asks if the person usually lived:

    • at the address on the front of the Census form (where they were on Census Night)
    • elsewhere in Australia
    • overseas.

    In cases where a person did not state where they usually live, Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP) and Place of usual residence (PURP) are imputed. See Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 At home
    2 Elsewhere in Australia
    V Overseas visitor 2021

    Number of categories: 3

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the address of this dwelling?

    What is the address of this dwelling?
    What is the address of this dwelling? More information Apartment/Flat/Unit number (if any) Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    What is the address of this dwelling? More information For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    How this variable is created

    The data is largely captured from mark-box responses on the form, so the risk of processing error is low. Where the indicator mark boxes have been left blank by a respondent, but they have reported a usual address, UAICP is derived based on the address reported. Data may also be derived based on the relationship information reported on the form indicating that they are a visitor.

    Usual residence data is a key demographic variable. If a person does not state where they usually live, UAICP and PURP are imputed. For more information about imputation, see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    History and changes

    A question relating to usual residence was first asked in the 1971 Census and has been asked at every Census since.

    The question was updated in 2021, instructional text was added to help people answer the question on usual address. Examples including ‘due to family conflict’ or ‘eviction’ were added to assist people who have no fixed or return usual address answer the question.

    Data use considerations

    This variable, when used with the following data shows migration patterns:

    • Usual address one year ago indicator (UAI1P)
    • Usual address five years ago indicator (UAI5P)
    • Place of usual residence (PURP)

    Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP) is derived from Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP). Using the Imputation flag for place of usual residence (IFPURP), the non-response rate for Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP) was 4.3% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.4% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Population

    Mnemonic Variable Release 
    AGE10PAge in ten year groupsJune 2022
    AGE5PAge in five year groupsJune 2022
    AGEPAgeJune 2022
    FTCPForm typeApril 2023
    IFAGEPImputation flag for ageJune 2022
    IFSEXPImputation flag for sexJune 2022
    SEXPSexJune 2022
    TISPNumber of children ever born June 2022
    TISRPNumber of children ever born (ranges) June 2022

    Age in ten year groups (AGE10P)

    Definition

    This variable collects each person's age in ten-year groups. If age is not reported, it is imputed. For infants aged less than one year, 0 years of age is recorded.

    Age is also available for 0 to 115 years singly (AGEP) and in 5-year groups (AGE5P).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 0-9 years
    02 10-19 years
    03 20-29 years
    04 30-39 years
    05 40-49 years
    06 50-59 years
    07 60-69 years
    08 70-79 years
    09 80-89 years
    10 90-99 years
    11 100 years and over

    Number of categories: 11

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    How this variable is created

    Age is calculated from date of birth when provided, otherwise stated age is used. Where both sets of information are provided, date of birth is used to derive an age in years, except in circumstances where errors in the date of birth are identified. Age data is only output in whole years.

    Where a respondent does not answer the age question, age is imputed using other information on the form and using an age distribution of the population. Where respondents report an age outside the acceptable range or where there were inconsistencies between age and relationship data, age is also imputed. For more information about imputation please see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    The Imputation Flag for Age variable (IFAGEP) indicates if a person's age was imputed in the Census.

    History and changes

    A question relating to age has been asked in every Census since 1911. Since 2006, respondents have had the option to report either date of birth or age in years.

    For 2021, question wording changed from 'or' to 'and' in both the question wording and response area. The online form has been changed to primarily ask for date of birth (DOB) and the respondent is presented with a check box if DOB is not known so that they can enter the person’s age. This is to encourage the provision of more accurate data.

    Data use considerations

    Age data, combined with sex data, is essential to produce accurate population estimates based on the Census count.

    Age is used during processing as a cross check with other variables; for example, the age of the respondent determines whether particular questions asked in the Census are applicable.

    Respondents occasionally make errors in reporting their age or date of birth, such as: 

    • reporting their last birthday or the date they filled out their Census form rather than their date of birth
    • parents filling in the form on their children's behalf and inadvertently reporting their own age or date of birth for their children
    • character transposition errors
    • other typographical errors (e.g. sticky key repetition). 

    There are a small number of areas where there was a high level of non-response to the age question and age was imputed. The age distribution in areas where there are high levels of age imputation may not be representative of the underlying population and should be interpreted with caution. This is more noticeable in the small number of remote communities where there is a high level of age imputation (more than 20% of Census counts), combined with the reporting of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status. The data for people where age was reported is not impacted.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Age (IFAGEP), the non-response rate for Age was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.6% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Age in five year groups (AGE5P)

    Definition

    This variable collects each person's age in five-year groups. If age is not reported, it is imputed. See Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP). For infants aged less than one year, 0 years of age is recorded.

    Age is also available for 0 to 115 years singly (AGEP) and 10-year groups (AGE10P).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 0-4 years
    02 5-9 years
    03 10-14 years
    04 15-19 years
    05 20-24 years
    06 25-29 years
    07 30-34 years
    08 35-39 years
    09 40-44 years
    10 45-49 years
    11 50-54 years
    12 55-59 years
    13 60-64 years
    14 65-69 years
    15 70-74 years
    16 75-79 years
    17 80-84 years
    18 85-89 years
    19 90-94 years
    20 95-99 years
    21 100 years and over

    Number of categories: 21

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    How this variable is created

    Age is calculated from date of birth when provided, otherwise stated age is used. Where both sets of information are provided, date of birth is used to derive an age in years, except in circumstances where errors in the date of birth are identified. Age data is only output in whole years.

    Where a respondent does not answer the age question, age is imputed using other information on the form and using an age distribution of the population. Where respondents report an age outside the acceptable range or where there were inconsistencies between age and relationship data, age is also imputed. For more information about imputation please see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    The Imputation Flag for Age variable (IFAGEP) indicates if a person's age was imputed in the Census.

    History and changes

    A question relating to age has been asked in every Census since 1911. Since 2006, respondents have had the option to report either date of birth or age in years.

    For 2021, question wording changed from 'or' to 'and' in both the question wording and response area. The online form has been changed to primarily ask for date of birth (DOB) and the respondent is presented with a check box if DOB is not known so that they can enter the person’s age. This is to encourage the provision of more accurate data.

    Data use considerations

    Age data, combined with sex data, is essential to produce accurate population estimates based on the Census count.

    Age is used during processing as a cross check with other variables; for example, the age of the respondent determines whether particular questions asked in the Census are applicable.

    Respondents occasionally make errors in reporting their age or date of birth, such as: 

    • reporting their last birthday or the date they filled out their Census form rather than their date of birth
    • parents filling in the form on their children's behalf and inadvertently reporting their own age or date of birth for their children
    • character transposition errors
    • other typographical errors (e.g. sticky key repetition). 

    There are a small number of areas where there was a high level of non-response to the age question and age was imputed. The age distribution in areas where there are high levels of age imputation may not be representative of the underlying population and should be interpreted with caution. This is more noticeable in the small number of remote communities where there is a high level of age imputation (more than 20% of Census counts), combined with the reporting of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status. The data for people where age was reported is not impacted.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Age (IFAGEP), the non-response rate for Age was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.6% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Age (AGEP)

    Definition

    This variable collects each person's age. If age is not reported, it is imputed. See Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP). For infants aged less than one year, 0 years of age is recorded.

    Data is also available in 5 year groups (AGE5P) and 10 year groups (AGE10P).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    000-115 0 to 115 years of age singly

    Number of categories: 116

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age
    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: • Date of birth is the date that the person was born. • Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    How this variable is created

    Age is calculated from date of birth when provided, otherwise stated age is used. Where both sets of information are provided, date of birth is used to derive an age in years, except in circumstances where errors in the date of birth are identified. Age data is only output in whole years.

    Where a respondent does not answer the age question, age is imputed using other information on the form and using an age distribution of the population. Where respondents report an age outside the acceptable range or where there were inconsistencies between age and relationship data, age is also imputed. For more information about imputation, please see imputation in the Census Glossary.

    The Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP) variable indicates if a person's age was imputed in the Census.

    History and changes

    A question relating to age has been asked in every Census since 1911. Since 2006, respondents have had the option to report either date of birth or age in years.

    For 2021, question wording changed from 'or' to 'and' in both the question wording and response area. The online form has been changed to primarily ask for date of birth (DOB) and the respondent is presented with a check box if DOB is not known so that they can enter the person’s age. This is to encourage the provision of more accurate data.

    Data use considerations

    Age data, combined with sex data, is essential to produce accurate population estimates based on the Census count.

    Age is used during processing as a cross check with other variables; for example, the age of the respondent determines whether particular questions asked in the Census are applicable.

    Respondents occasionally make errors in reporting their age or date of birth, such as: 

    • reporting their last birthday or the date they filled out their Census form rather than their date of birth
    • parents filling in the form on their children's behalf and inadvertently reporting their own age or date of birth for their children
    • character transposition errors
    • other typographical errors (e.g. sticky key repetition). 

    Character transposition and typographical errors are particularly relevant to the online version of the Census form.

    Data captured from written responses carries a small risk of character recognition error, mainly caused by poor handwriting or respondents writing outside the question box. The vast majority of individual characters written on paper forms met pre-set recognition confidence levels and were accepted without further examination. Characters that failed given recognition confidence levels, or responses where there was a discrepancy of more than three years between age last birthday and date of birth, were sent to clerical officers for further determination based on visual inspection of an image of the response.

    Other checks on age (such as unlikely combinations of age and other variables) were made at various stages during processing, to ensure an acceptable level of quality was maintained.

    There are a small number of areas where there was a high level of non-response to the age question and age was imputed. The age distribution in areas where there are high levels of age imputation may not be representative of the underlying population and should be interpreted with caution. This is more noticeable in the small number of remote communities where there is a high level of age imputation (more than 20% of Census counts), combined with the reporting of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status. The data for people where age was reported is not impacted.

    Using the Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP), the non-response rate for Age (AGEP) was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.6% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates if a person's age was imputed. Imputation is a statistical process for predicting values where no response was provided to a question and a response could not be derived.

    See also, Age (AGEP).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Age not imputed
    2 Age imputed

    Number of categories: 2

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?

    What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth Age

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year OR Don't know date of birth (selected response) Age years

    Example

    Age example
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information Day Month Year 18 March 1993 OR Don't know date of birth Age 28 years

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the person’s date of birth and age?
    What is Person 1's date of birth? If date of birth is not known, please select 'Don't know date of birth' and provide Person 1's age. More information It is important to note: •Date of birth is the date that the person was born. •Age is required only if the person's date of birth is not known. Please report age at Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. If the person is less than one year old and their date of birth is not known, enter '0' in the age box.

    How this variable is created

    When age is imputed this variable is coded to ‘02 Age imputed’. See Age (AGEP) for methods on how age is imputed.

    History and changes

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Imputation flag for age (IFAGEP) can be used to identify how many respondents’ age was imputed at different geographical levels.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Age (IFAGEP), the non-response rate for Age was 4.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.6% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Imputation flag for sex (IFSEXP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates if a person's binary sex was imputed. Imputation is a statistical process for predicting values where no response was provided to a question and a response could not be derived.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Sex not imputed
    02 Sex imputed

    Number of categories:  2

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male; Female
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    Question presented when 'Select something other than male or female' hyperlink is chosen

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If the person does not wish to select ‘Non-binary sex’, they can Select only male or female. A person may choose to select more than one response (for example, male and non-binary sex, or female and non-binary sex). If ‘Non-binary sex’ is selected, there will be an opportunity to provide more information. Male Female Non-binary sex

    Example

    Imputation flag for sex example - Female, Non-binary sex response selected
    Is Person 1: If the person does not wish to select ‘Non-binary sex’, they can Select only male or female. A person may choose to select more than one response (for example, male and non-binary sex, or female and non-binary sex). If ‘Non-binary sex’ is selected, there will be an opportunity to provide more information. Male Female (selected response) Non-binary sex (selected response) Please specify (optional)

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created during the processing of the Sex (SEXP) variable. When a record has sex imputed it is coded to ‘02 Sex imputed’ and where a record uses information from the Census form it is coded to ’01 Sex not imputed’.

    For more information about imputation, please see the Sex (SEXP) variable and imputation in the Census Glossary.

    History and changes

    The Imputation flag for sex (IFSEXP) variable was first used in 2016.

    No changes have been made for 2021. 

    Data use considerations

    There are no known data use considerations at this time.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Sex (IFSEXP), the non-response rate for Sex was 4.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.8% in 2016. For more information on imputation, see Census Methodology.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Sex (SEXP)

    Definition

    This variable records each person’s sex. A person's sex is based on their sex characteristics, such as their chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs. If sex is not stated it is imputed.

    See also, Imputation flag for sex (IFSEXP).

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Male
    2 Female

    Number of categories:  2

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex

    Is the person: Male; Female
    Is Person 1: If these options do not describe the person, they can Select something other than male or female. Male Female

    Question presented when 'Select something other than male or female' hyperlink is chosen

    Is the person: Male; Female; Non-binary sex
    Is Person 1: If the person does not wish to select ‘Non-binary sex’, they can Select only male or female. A person may choose to select more than one response (for example, male and non-binary sex, or female and non-binary sex). If ‘Non-binary sex’ is selected, there will be an opportunity to provide more information. Male Female Non-binary sex

    Example

    Sex example - Female, Non-binary sex response selected
    Is Person 1: If the person does not wish to select ‘Non-binary sex’, they can Select only male or female. A person may choose to select more than one response (for example, male and non-binary sex, or female and non-binary sex). If ‘Non-binary sex’ is selected, there will be an opportunity to provide more information. Male Female (selected response) Non-binary sex (selected response) Please specify (optional)

    How this variable is created

    Responses to the sex question are captured from mark box responses on the form so the risk of processing error is minimal. Male, female and non-binary sex are the three options. A person can select one response only or they can select more than one response (male and non-binary sex, or female and non-binary sex). The online Census form allows respondents who select the non-binary sex response to provide further information. This field is optional and can be used to describe the circumstances specific to the person responding.

    Note that data collected from the sex question will be reported in most Census data releases as ‘male’ or ‘female’ in order to maintain the quality of standard products at the small area level. Where a respondent has provided a male or female response and a non-binary sex response, the male or female response will be used to determine a binary sex variable. Otherwise, sex will be derived by a statistical process using random allocation.

    Binary sex is also imputed when the question is not answered. If sex is missing on partially completed forms, it is imputed by automated and manual coding processes using relevant information provided on the incomplete form. For records that could not be resolved through this process, sex is derived by a statistical process using random allocation. For more information about imputation, please see imputation in the Census glossary.

    The Imputation flag for sex (IFSEXP) variable indicates if a person's sex was imputed in the Census.

    History and changes

    A question on sex has been asked at every Census since 1911.

    In 2016, respondents had the option to respond as 'other sex'. If a person wanted to identify as other than male or female, they were instructed to call the Census Inquiry Service for information on how to identify on Census forms. To respond online, they were given specific login details to access an alternate form which allowed them to select 'other' and enter in information in a 'please specify' text box. To respond on a paper form, they were instructed to write on the right-hand side of the response area and these were checked manually to record a respondent's 'other sex' category. 

    In 2021, a ‘non-binary sex’ option was added as an input category to the standard question, however the output categories for this variable are unchanged for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The question on the Census asks about a person’s sex, which is based on their sex characteristics, such as their chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs.

    Respondents were instructed to answer in the way that applies to them, with the guidance that the non-binary sex category was included to provide an option for people who are not exclusively male or female, for example people with variations in sex characteristics or who are intersex.

    Feedback from respondents and members of the LGBTIQ+ community during Census enumeration identified some confusion on how to answer the question for people who are gender diverse, gender non-binary or transgender. It is therefore likely that some respondents answered based on their gender identity rather than their biological sex. Research undertaken by the ABS in developing the sex question for the Census suggests that this was also the case in previous censuses. This is not able to be quantified for respondents who selected a binary sex response, for example a person born male but living as a woman for many years may select ‘female’ as their response, noting this may be balanced out with respondents who were born female but living as a man and selecting ‘male’ as their response.

    The ABS has released some analysis of the responses to ‘non-binary sex’ in an analytical article. To view the article visit Analysis of non-binary sex responses. While this article outlines some of the ways this group responded to the sex question, it also highlights the limitations of collecting data in this way. For more information see also Non-binary sex in the 2021 Census.

    Using the Imputation Flag for Sex (IFSEXP), the non-response rate for Sex (SEXP) was 4.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 5.8% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Number of children ever born (TISP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of children ever born to each female aged 15 years and over.

    Scope

    Females aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    00 No children
    01 1 child
    02 2 children
    03 3 children
    04 4 children
    05 5 children
    06 6 children
    07 7 children
    08 8 children
    09 9 children
    10 10 children
    11 11 children
    12 12 children
    13 13 children
    14 14 children
    15 15 children
    16 16 children
    17 17 children
    18 18 children
    19 19 children
    20 20 children
    21 21 children
    22 22 children
    23 23 children
    24 24 children
    25 25 children
    26 26 children
    27 27 children
    28 28 children
    29 29 children
    30 30 or more children
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  34

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Males
    • Females aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?

    For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?
    How many babies has Person 1 ever given birth to? Exclude adopted, foster and step children. More information Number of babies

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?
    How many babies has Person 1 ever given birth to? Exclude adopted, foster and step children. More information Enter the number of children the person has given birth to. This question is only applicable to females aged 15 years or over. Information obtained from this question is used to calculate measures of lifetime fertility. This information will assist with calculating future population projections for Australia and provide information about the impact of fertility trends on social issues, such as the ageing of the population.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses, or the 'None' response category on the paper form. All numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    History and changes

    This question was first asked in the 1981 Census.

    For 2016, an instruction on the form to include live births only was removed, due to evidence of the sensitivities of this question which cannot be overcome effectively in a self-report questionnaire. This instruction was previously included to collect births information according the United Nations Standard.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The data may include a small proportion of persons with unusually high numbers of children ever born, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    For the Census online form, females aged 15 years and over were asked this question. Male respondents and people who responded only with non-binary sex were not asked this question.

    The non-response rate for Number of children ever born (TISP) was 6.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.0% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Number of children ever born (ranges) (TISRP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of children ever born to each female aged 15 years and over in ranges.

    Scope

    Females aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No children
    1 One child
    2 Two children
    3 Three children
    4 Four children
    5 Five children
    6 Six children
    7 Seven children
    8 Eight or more children
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories:  12

    Not applicable (@@) category comprises:

    • Males
    • Females aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?

    For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?
    How many babies has Person 1 ever given birth to? Exclude adopted, foster and step children. More information Number of babies

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For each female, how many babies has she ever given birth to?
    How many babies has Person 1 ever given birth to? Exclude adopted, foster and step children. More information Enter the number of children the person has given birth to. This question is only applicable to females aged 15 years or over. Information obtained from this question is used to calculate measures of lifetime fertility. This information will assist with calculating future population projections for Australia and provide information about the impact of fertility trends on social issues, such as the ageing of the population.

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is captured automatically from written numeric responses, or the 'None' response category on the paper form. All numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    History and changes

    This question was first asked in the 1981 Census.

    For 2016, an instruction on the form to include live births only was removed, due to evidence of the sensitivities of this question which cannot be overcome effectively in a self-report questionnaire. This instruction was previously included to collect births information according the United Nations Standard.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    The data may include a small proportion of persons with unusually high numbers of children ever born, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    For the Census online form, females aged 15 years and over were asked this question. Male respondents and people who responded only with non-binary sex were not asked this question.

    This variable is derived from Number of children ever born (TISP). The non-response rate for Number of children ever born (TISP) was 6.7% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.0% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Form type (FTCP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates the type of form a person used to submit their 2021 Census responses.

    For the 2021 Census, information was collected in a number of ways from the Australian public. For most people, information was returned to the ABS via either an online form or a paper form.

    A Census instruction letter was delivered to most dwellings in mail-out areas across Australia. In 2021, approximately 85% of dwellings were in mail-out areas. Each letter had a unique login code which respondents could use to access an online form. The letter also contained information on how to request a paper form.

    Scope

    All persons

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Personal or household paper form
    2 Personal or household Eform
    3 Other form types

    Number of categories: 3 

    Category definitions

    Personal or household paper form:

    Personal and household paper forms are physical forms which respondents completed and posted back to the ABS via Australia Post.

    People who wanted to keep their Census responses private from others in the household could request a personal paper form via the Census website and mail their responses back individually. Personal forms are also used in non-private dwellings and in large households.

    Personal or household Eform:

    Personal and household Eforms are electronic versions of the Census forms which respondents completed and submitted online via the Census website.

    Other form types:

    Other form types are comprised of other physical personal and household forms such as the special short form and the interviewer household form. These forms were completed by an ABS field officer on behalf of a person or household and were returned to the ABS via Australia Post.

    ABS field officers used the special short form to record responses for people experiencing homelessness.

    People living in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities had the option to provide information directly to an ABS field officer or they could complete their own paper or online form. If information was provided to an ABS field officer, an interviewer household form was used to record the responses.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not collected from a question on the Census form.

    How this variable is created

    All paper forms were mailed to the ABS Data Capture Centre (DCC). Online forms were encrypted and sent securely to the ABS DCC, these forms were then decrypted and loaded into systems alongside paper forms.

    This variable was created using the information obtained about the form types received at the ABS DCC. 

    History and changes

    This variable has been included in Census basic and detailed microdata products since 2016. There have been no changes made to this variable.

    Data use considerations

    In 2016, the ABS developed a new digital approach to the Census enumeration model. This approach provided a faster, more efficient, environmentally friendly Census than any previous Australian Census. The 2021 Census enumeration model was based on the successful elements of the 2016 Census with additional improvements to the way Census materials were delivered and collected.

    The 2021 Census was the first time that the ABS actively encouraged households to complete and submit their Census form as soon as they received their materials, meaning this could be done before Census Night on 10 August. The letters also emphasised 12 August as a date after which the household may receive contact from the ABS. This messaging was designed to provide a ‘response window’, where previous censuses highlighted Census Night only.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Useful links

    Service with the Australian Defence Force

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    ADCP Australian Defence Force service, detailed June 2022 New
    ADFP Australian Defence Force service June 2022 New

    Australian Defence Force service, detailed (ADCP)

    Definition

    The Australian Defence Force (ADF) consists of regulars and reservists, and this variable provides a detailed breakdown of current and previous service for both. The ADF includes:

    • Australian Army (including NORFORCE (North-West Mobile Force))
    • Royal Australian Navy
    • Royal Australian Air Force

    This variable also includes people who previously served in the National Service and the Second Australian Imperial Force.

    Regular service is considered a person’s main ongoing job, and most roles are full-time in nature.

    Reserves service is normally part-time in nature and can include up to 200 days of service per year, depending on the role.

    This variable does not capture people who have served in non-Australian defence forces.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Currently serving in the regular service only
    2 Currently serving in the reserves service only
    3 Currently serving in the regular service and previously served in the reserves service
    4 Currently serving in the reserves service and previously served in the regular service
    5 Previously served in the regular service only
    6 Previously served in the reserves service only
    7 Previously served in both the regular and reserves service
    8 Has never served in the Australian Defence Force
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 11

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?

    Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Person's defence force service No Regular service Yes - current service Yes - previous service Reserves service Yes - current service Yes - previous service

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force? Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Information collected on current and previous service with the Australian Defence Force enables better delivery of services and support for this population group. Exclude service that is solely in one of the Cadet arms. NORFORCE refers to North-West Mobile Force.

    Example

    Australian Defence Force service, detailed example - "no" response selected
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force? Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Person's defence force service No (selected response) Regular service Yes - current service Yes - previous service Reserves service Yes - current service Yes - previous service
    Australian Defence Force service, detailed example - Regular Service 'Yes, current service' and Reserves Service 'Yes, previous service' options selected
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force? Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Person's defence force service No Regular service Yes - current service (selected response) Yes - previous service Reserves service Yes - current service Yes - previous service (selected response)

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from mark box responses to the Australian Defence Force service question. This is a multi-response question and respondents are instructed to mark all applicable responses. In some cases, the combination of responses provided are not valid including:

    • All responses marked
    • ‘No’ and any other response
    • ‘Regular service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Regular service – Yes, previous service’
    • ‘Reserves service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Reserves service – Yes, previous service’
    • ‘Regular service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Reserves service – Yes, current service’

    In these cases, processing rules determine how these responses are coded into the appropriate categories.

    Where a person marks:

    • All of the response options the variable is coded to ‘Not stated’
    • ‘No’ and any other response, ‘No’ is rejected and other marked responses are accepted
    • Current and previous service in the same service type (i.e. both in the regular service or both in the reserves service), the current service is prioritised
    • Current service in both the regular and reserves service, the current service in the regular service is prioritised

    The standard retirement age for regular service is 60 years and for reserves is 65 years. The following processing rule is applied for persons aged 65 years and older. Where a person is aged 65 years or older and has marked current Australian Defence Force service (either regular or reserves), then this service is changed to be recorded as previous service.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This is a new question for the 2021 Census. Whilst information outside of the ABS exists about people who are currently serving in the ADF, there is very limited information about people who have previously served. The Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) knows about those veterans who use DVA services, but very little (if anything) is known about veterans who do not use DVA services. Census data will provide information to enable better delivery of services and supports to veterans.

    To analyse the veteran population, users should group the following categories together:

    • 5 Previously served in the regular service only
    • 6 Previously served in the reserves service only
    • 7 Previously served in both the regular and reserves service

    The Australian Defence Force service question is not designed to capture breaks in service and data should not be used for this purpose. 

    The Australian Defence Force requires people to be 17 years and over to join. However, there are some programs available to people aged 17 years or younger and this may be viewed as service with the Australian Defence Force. Responses reported by 15 and 16 year olds for both current and previous service are accepted as reported.

    The non-response rate for Service with the Australian Defence Force (ADCP/ADFP) was 6.0% in 2021.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Australian Defence Force service (ADFP)

    Australian Defence Force service (ADFP)

    Definition

    This variable describes whether a person is currently serving or has previously served in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The Australian Defence Force includes:

    • Australian Army (including NORFORCE (North-West Mobile Force))
    • Royal Australian Navy
    • Royal Australian Air Force

    This variable also includes people who previously served in the National Service and the Second Australian Imperial Force.

    Regular service is considered a person’s main ongoing job, and most roles are full-time in nature.

    Reserves service is normally part-time in nature and can include up to 200 days of service per year, depending on the role.

    This variable does not capture people who have served in non-Australian defence forces.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Currently serving in the regular service
    2 Currently serving in the reserves service
    3 Not currently serving (but has previously served in the Australian Defence Force)
    4 Has never served in the Australian Defence Force
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?

    Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Person's defence force service No Regular service Yes - current service Yes - previous service Reserves service Yes - current service Yes - previous service

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person ever served in the Australian Defence Force?
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force? Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Information collected on current and previous service with the Australian Defence Force enables better delivery of services and support for this population group. Exclude service that is solely in one of the Cadet arms. NORFORCE refers to North-West Mobile Force.

    Example

    Australian Defence Force service example - Regular Service 'Yes - current service' and Reserve Service 'Yes - previous service' options selected.
    Has Person 1 ever served in the Australian Defence Force? Include Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Second Australian Imperial Force, National Service and NORFORCE. Exclude service for non-Australian defence forces. Select all that apply. More information Person's defence force service No Regular service Yes - current service (selected response) Yes - previous service Reserves service Yes - current service Yes - previous service (selected response)

    How this variable is created

    This variable is from mark box responses to the Australian Defence Force service question. This is a multi-response question and respondents are instructed to mark all applicable responses. In some cases, the combination of responses provided are not valid including:

    • All responses marked
    • ‘No’ and any other response
    • ‘Regular service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Regular service – Yes, previous service’
    • ‘Reserves service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Reserves service – Yes, previous service’
    • ‘Regular service – Yes, current service’ and ‘Reserves service – Yes, current service’

    In these cases, processing rules determine how these responses are coded into the appropriate categories. Where a person marks:

    • All of the response options, the variable is coded to ‘Not stated’
    • ‘No’ and any other response, ‘No’ is rejected and other marked responses are accepted
    • Current and previous service in the same service type (i.e. both in the regular service or both in the reserves service), then current service is prioritised
    • Current service in both the regular and reserves service, then current service in the regular service is prioritised

    The standard retirement age for regular service is 60 years and for reserves is 65 years. The following processing rule is applied for persons aged 65 years and older. Where a person is aged 65 years or older and has marked current Australian Defence Force service (either regular or reserves), then this service is changed to be recorded as previous service.

    This variable is an aggregated version of Australian Defence Force service, detailed (ADCP). The table below shows how the variables are related.

    ADFP Australian Defence Force Service ADCP Australian Defence Force Service, detailed
    1 Currently serving in the regular service 1 Currently serving in the regular service only
    1 Currently serving in the regular service 3 Currently serving in the regular service and previously served in the reserves service
    2 Currently serving in the reserves service 2 Currently serving in the reserves service only
    2 Currently serving in the reserves service 4 Currently serving in the reserves service and previously served in the regular service
    3 Not currently serving (but has previously served in the Australian Defence Force) 5 Previously served in the regular service only
    3 Not currently serving (but has previously served in the Australian Defence Force) 6 Previously served in the reserves service only
    3 Not currently serving (but has previously served in the Australian Defence Force) 7 Previously served in both the regular and reserves service
    4 Has never served in the Australian Defence Force 8 Has never served in the Australian Defence Force
    & Not stated & Not stated
    @ Not applicable @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor V Overseas visitor

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This is a new question for the 2021 Census. Whilst information outside of the ABS exists about people who are currently serving in the ADF, there is very limited information about people who have previously served. The Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) knows about those veterans who use DVA services, but very little (if anything) is known about veterans who do not use DVA services. Census data will provide information to enable better delivery of services and supports to veterans.

    To analyse the veteran population, users should look at category 3, ‘Not currently serving (but has previously served in the Australian Defence Force)’.

    The Australian Defence Force requires people to be 17 years and over to join. However, there are some programs available to people aged 17 years or younger and this may be viewed as service with the Australian Defence Force. Responses reported by 15 and 16 year olds for both current and previous service are accepted as reported.

    The non-response rate for Service with the Australian Defence Force (ADCP/ADFP) was 6.0% in 2021.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Australian Defence Force service, detailed (ADCP)

    Transport

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    DTWP  Distance to work (ranges) April 2023
    IFDTWP  Imputed distance to work April 2023
    MTW06P  Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) October 2022
    MTW15P Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) October 2022
    MTWP Method of travel to work October 2022
    VEHD Number of motor vehicles June 2022
    VEHRD Number of motor vehicles (ranges)  June 2022

    Distance to work (ranges) (DTWP)

    Definition

    This variable presents the distance in kilometres between a person's Place of usual residence (PURP) and Place of work (POWP). The calculation of this variable uses existing Census data. This provides a way to increase the value of Census data without asking additional questions on the Census form.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over who stated their labour force status as ‘employed’

    Categories

    Distance to work (ranges) categories

    1Nil distance    
     10Nil distance   
      100Nil distance 
       1000Nil distance
    2Over 0 to less than 2.5   
     20Over 0 to less than 1  
      200Over 0 to less than 0.5 
       2000Over 0 to less than 0.5
      2010.5 to less than 1 
       20100.5 to less than 1
     211 to less than 2.5  
      2101 to less than 2.5 
       21001 to less than 1.5
       21011.5 to less than 2
       21022 to less than 2.5
    32.5 to less than 10   
     302.5 to less than 5  
      3002.5 to less than 5 
       30002.5 to less than 3
       30013 to less than 4
       30024 to less than 5
     315 to less than 10  
      3105 to less than 10 
       31005 to less than 6
       31016 to less than 7
       31027 to less than 8
       31038 to less than 9
       31049 to less than 10
    410 to less than 30   
     4010 to less than 20  
      40010 to less than 15 
       400010 to less than 11
       400111 to less than 12
       400212 to less than 13
       400313 to less than 14
       400414 to less than 15
      40115 to less than 20 
       401015 to less than 16
       401116 to less than 17
       401217 to less than 18
       401318 to less than 19
       401419 to less than 20
     4120 to less than 30  
      41020 to less than 25 
       410020 to less than 21
       410121 to less than 22
       410222 to less than 23
       410323 to less than 24
       410424 to less than 25
      41125 to less than 30 
       411025 to less than 26
       411126 to less than 27
       411227 to less than 28
       411328 to less than 29
       411429 to less than 30
    530 to less than 50   
     5030 to less than 50  
      50030 to less than 40 
       500030 to less than 32
       500132 to less than 34
       500234 to less than 36
       500336 to less than 38
       500438 to less than 40
      50140 to less than 50 
       501040 to less than 42
       501142 to less than 44
       501244 to less than 46
       501346 to less than 48
       501448 to less than 50
    650 to less than 250   
     6050 to less than 100  
      60050 to less than 60 
       600050 to less than 52
       600152 to less than 54
       600254 to less than 56
       600356 to less than 58
       600458 to less than 60
      60160 to less than 80 
       601060 to less than 62
       601162 to less than 64
       601264 to less than 66
       601366 to less than 68
       601468 to less than 70
       601570 to less than 72
       601672 to less than 74
       601774 to less than 76
       601876 to less than 78
       601978 to less than 80
      60280 to less than 100 
       602080 to less than 85
       602185 to less than 90
       602290 to less than 95
       602395 to less than 100
     61100 to less than 250  
      610100 to less than 250 
       6100100 to less than 110
       6101110 to less than 120
       6102120 to less than 130
       6103130 to less than 140
       6104140 to less than 150
       6105150 to less than 200
       6106200 to less than 250
    7250 and over   
     70250 and over  
      700250 and over 
       7000250 to less than 300
       7001300 to less than 350
       7002350 to less than 400
       7003400 to less than 600
       7004600 to less than 800
       7005800 to less than 1000
       70061000 to less than 3000
       70073000 and over
    @Not applicable   
     @@Not applicable  
      @@@Not applicable 
       @@@@Not applicable

    Number of categories:

    • One digit: 8
    • Two digit: 12
    • Three digit: 18
    • Four digit: 79

    The nil distance category comprises: 

    • Persons whose mesh block of PURP and mesh block of POWP were the same and stated they:
      • 'Worked from home'
      • 'Did not go to work'
      • 'Mode not stated’
    • Persons with the same mesh block of PURP and mesh block of POWP where the centre points were not weighted to different locations

    The Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons who were unemployed, not in the labour force, or whose labour force status was not stated
    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Overseas visitors
    • Persons who were coded to Special purpose codes

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information Person's usual address 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If you have written 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box, make sure the other boxes are empty. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created using a combination of existing statistical and geospatial data to make new calculations. It is calculated using the shortest path of a road network, from the respondent’s place of usual residence mesh block (PURP), to that of their workplace (POWP), using geospatial software. It is assumed in the calculation of this data that a person has followed the shortest path with no stops when commuting to work.

    Where the shortest path is not possible, a straight-line distance between a person’s Usual residence and Place of work mesh blocks is calculated. A straight-line distance is likely to underrepresent the true distance of a commuting route, so a correction factor is incorporated by multiplying the straight-line distance by 1.3. This value was selected based on ABS analysis on the difference between road network and straight-line distance, and the value also aligned closely with similar studies. The source of road network data was Navteq November 2021 (produced by HERE Technology) to ensure a representative network with updates as close to Census Night as possible.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2016.

    No changes have been made in 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Mesh blocks are the smallest geographical area defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and form the building blocks for the larger regions within the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

    The distance to work data should be considered an estimate as it is a measurement between the centre point (or centroid) of the mesh block of PURP and mesh block of POWP. The location of the centroid in the mesh block was weighted based on the location of residential and commercial addresses respectively.

    For some people, a small distance is calculated where the centre points for mesh block of PURP and mesh block of POWP are weighted to different locations. This is the case for people who lived and worked in the same mesh block and their Method of travel to work (MTWP) was not recorded as:

    • Worked from home
    • Did not go to work
    • Mode not stated

    Conversely, some people who lived and worked in different mesh blocks have a distance to work of 0 kilometres due to the way in which the centroids have been snapped to a road. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. Not only may this impact their responses for their place of work, but also, their travel to work. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you are currently working from home due to COVID restrictions, but usually attend a workplace, please write the employer's usual workplace address.

    Answering questions about whether you had a job

    If you were employed in the 4 weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you were employed in the 4 weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and  information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees). 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Place of usual residence (PURP)
    • Place of work (POWP)
    • Imputed distance to work (IFDTWP)

    Imputed distance to work (IFDTWP)

    Definition

    This variable indicates whether a person's distance to work was calculated using a straight-line or road network distance. A straight-line distance is only used where the data is not available to calculate based on a road network (for example, there was a break in the underlying road network data as a person travelled between an island and the Australian mainland), or the straight-line distance of the commute is greater than 250 kilometres. 

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over who stated their labour force status as ‘employed’

    Categories

     

    Code Category
    1 Distance to work calculated with a straight-line distance
    2 Distance to work calculated with a road network distance
    3 Did not commute
    @ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 4

    Did not commute (3) category comprises of persons whose mesh block of PURP and mesh block of POWP were the same and stated they:

    • 'Worked from home'
    • 'Did not go to work'
    • 'Mode not stated’

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons who were unemployed, not in the labour force, or whose labour force status was not stated
    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Overseas visitors
    • Persons who were coded to Special purpose codes.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Where does the person usually live?

    Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information Person's usual address 1 Smith Street Belconnen ACT 2617 Elsewhere in Australia (please specify address) Other country

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Where does the person usually live?
    Where does Person 1 usually live? For people who usually live in another country and who are visiting Australia for less than one year, select 'Other country'. For other people, 'usually live' means the address at which the person has lived, or intends to live, for a total of six months or more in 2021. For people who have no fixed or return address (for example, due to family conflict or eviction), select 'Elsewhere in Australia' and write 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box. For boarders at boarding school, provide the address of the boarding school or college. More information If you have written 'None' in the 'Suburb/Locality' box, make sure the other boxes are empty. If the person is providing an address for 'Elsewhere in Australia' and they usually live in Norfolk Island or other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box.

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?

    For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information Street number Street name (examples: Graham Avenue, George Street) Suburb/Locality State/Territory Postcode Property/Building name (if any)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: For the main job held last week, what was the person’s workplace address?
    For the main job held last week, what was Person 1's workplace address? For people who work from home for an employer, write the employer's workplace address. For people with no fixed place of work: • if the person usually travels to a depot to start work, provide the depot address • otherwise enter ‘None’ in the ‘Suburb/Locality’ box. This information is used to calculate daytime populations and to plan transport activities. More information If the complete address is not known, please provide as much of the address as possible. Include the name of the building or property where the person works, if known. For Norfolk Island and other external territories, such as Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Jervis Bay, please select 'Other external territory' in the State/Territory box. For people currently working from home due to lockdown or other COVID-related reasons, write the employer's workplace address.

    How this variable is created

    The variable is created when the data for Distance to work (ranges) (DTWP) variable is processed. A code is assigned to the record depending on which method was used to derive distance to work. A straight-line distance is only used where the data is not available to calculate based on a road network, or the straight-line distance of the commute is greater than 250 kilometres. 

    A straight-line distance is likely to underrepresent the true distance of a commuting route, so a correction factor is incorporated by multiplying the straight-line distance by 1.3. This value was selected based on ABS analysis on the difference between road network and straight-line distance, and the value also aligned closely with similar studies. The source of road network data was Navteq November 2021 (produced by HERE Technology) to ensure a representative network with updates as close to Census Night as possible.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2016.

    In 2021 category 3 'Did not commute' was added. In 2016 persons who did not commute were coded under category 1 and 2. 

    Data use considerations

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census Night, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. Not only may this impact their responses for their place of work, but also, their travel to work. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you are currently working from home due to COVID-19 restrictions, but usually attend a workplace, please write the employer's usual workplace address.

    Answering questions about whether you had a job

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees). 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Place of usual residence (PURP)
    • Place of work (POWP)
    • Distance to work (ranges) (DTWP)

    Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) (MTW06P)

    Definition

    This variable records the method of travel to work in six modes on Census day 10 August 2021. Data is derived from the Method of travel to work (MTWP) variable.

    See also Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) (MTW15P).

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years or over who have labour force status of ‘employed’

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Public transport
    2 Vehicle
    3 Active transport
    4 Other mode
    5 Worked at home or did not go to work
    6 Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 8

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Unemployed persons looking for either part-time or full-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years
    • Overseas visitors

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    Example

    Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) example - car as a driver response selected
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver (selected response) Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information Select all methods of travel used by the person to get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021. For example, if the person drove a car to a train station and then took a train to work, select both 'Car – as a driver' and 'Train' boxes. If the person walked all the way to work, select 'Walked only'. Do not include methods of travel for the journey home.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is derived from the Census variable MTWP which records the method used to travel to work on the day of the Census. The MTWP classification has been sourced from the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics.

    Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) can also be aggregated from the 15 travel modes as follows:

    MTW15P MTW15P Description MTW06P MTW06P Description
    01 Train 1 Public transport
    02 Bus 1 Public transport
    03 Ferry 1 Public transport
    04 Tram/light rail 1 Public transport
    05 Taxi/ride-share service 1 Public transport
    06 Car as driver 2 Vehicle
    07 Car as passenger 2 Vehicle
    08 Truck 2 Vehicle
    09 Motorbike/scooter 2 Vehicle
    10 Bicycle 3 Active transport
    11 Other mode 4 Other mode
    12 Walked only 3 Active transport
    13 Worked at home 5 Worked at home or did not go to work
    14 Did not go to work 5 Worked at home or did not go to work
    15 Not stated 6 Mode not stated
    @@ Not applicable @ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor V Overseas visitor

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2016.

    No changes have been made in 2021.  

    Data use considerations

    This variable is derived from the Method of travel to work (MTWP) variable. Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Method of Travel to Work.

    The non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) was 0.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.0% in 2016. 

    Usual method of travel to work

    When using this data with Place of work (POWP) data, users should be aware that POWP refers to the main job last week, while MTWP refers to Census day. This may explain why, for a small proportion of records, MTWP data may appear inconsistent with POWP or PURP information. 

    For example, a person may have been working in the centre of Perth on 10 August 2021 and have travelled there by train, however in the week before the Census, they may have been working in an outer suburb of Perth and travelled there by car. In this case, the person would have their MTWP as 'Train' on the Census form, whilst their usual travel pattern would be by car.

    Other scenario examples:

    • If a person who had a job became unemployed, retired or on leave on 10 August 2021, their method of travel to work would not reflect their usual travel pattern.
    • If a person who was unemployed but gained employment in the week before Census, their method of travel to work would not be captured. The sequencing of questions is based on labour force status in the week before Census.
    • If a person rides a bicycle a couple days per week, but ‘usually’ catches the bus, the Method of travel to work focuses on the activity specific to Census day, to capture the minor mode of travel i.e. bicycle.

    Walked only

    If a person walked some of the way to work and used other methods, it is not included as an additional method. For example, if they walked then caught the bus, then ‘Bus’ only should be selected. Only if the person walked all the way to work, should ‘Walked only’ be selected.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. Not only may this impact their responses for their place of work, but also, their travel to work. Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you are currently working from home due to COVID-19 restrictions, but usually attend a workplace, please write the employer's usual workplace address.

    Answering questions about whether you had a job

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and  information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees). 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Method of travel to work (MTWP)
    • Method of travel to work (15 modes) (MTW15P)
    • Place of usual residence (PURP)
    • Place of work (POWP)
    • Distance to work (ranges) (DTWP)

    Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) (MTW15P)

    Definition

    These variables record the method of travel to work in 15 travel modes on Census day 10 August 2021. Data is derived from the Method of travel to work MTWP variable.

    See also Method of travel to work (6 travel modes) (MTW06P).

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years or over who stated their labour force status as ‘employed’

    Categories

    Code Category
    01 Train
    02 Bus
    03 Ferry
    04 Tram/light rail
    05 Taxi/ride-share service
    06 Car, as driver
    07 Car, as passenger
    08 Truck
    09 Motorbike/scooter
    10 Bicycle
    11 Other mode
    12 Walked only
    13 Worked at home
    14 Did not go to work
    15 Not stated
    @@ Not applicable
    VV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 17

    Not applicable (@@) comprises:

    • Unemployed persons looking for either part-time or full-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated

    Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    Example

    Method of travel to work (15 travel modes) example - car as a driver response selected
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver (selected response) Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information Select all methods of travel used by the person to get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021. For example, if the person drove a car to a train station and then took a train to work, select both 'Car – as a driver' and 'Train' boxes. If the person walked all the way to work, select 'Walked only'. Do not include methods of travel for the journey home.

    How this variable is created

    These variables are derived from the Census variable MTWP which records the method used to travel to work on the day of the Census. The MTWP classification has been sourced from the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Research Economics.

    The table in MTW06P shows how categories are aggregated to create Method of travel to work (15 travel modes).

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 2016.

    Minor updates to the category labels have been made to align with MTWP.

    Data use considerations

    Mode 15 reflects the ‘main mode’ used in that journey from home to workplace. Where multiple methods of work are used, a priority hierarchy is used to make assumptions for the ‘main mode’. The priority hierarchy for mode 15 is:

    • Train
    • Bus
    • Ferry
    • Tram/light rail
    • Taxi/ride-share service
    • Vehicle driver
    • Vehicle passenger
    • Truck
    • Motorbike or motor scooter
    • Bicycle
    • Walked only
    • Other mode (not elsewhere specified)

    For example, if a person selected, ‘Train’ and ‘Bus’, their mode of transport would be coded to ‘1 Train’ for Mode of travel to work (15 modes), even if ‘bus’ made the majority of the trip, due to the higher ranking of ‘train’ in the priority list.

    This variable is derived from the Method of travel to work (MTWP) variable. Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Method of Travel to Work.

    The non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) was 0.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.0% in 2016. 

    Usual method of travel to work

    When using this data with Place of work (POWP) data, users should be aware that POWP refers to the main job last week, while MTWP refers to Census day. This may explain why, for a small proportion of records, MTWP data may appear inconsistent with POWP or Place of usual residence (PURP) information. 

    For example, a person may have been working in the centre of Perth on 10 August 2021 and have travelled there by train, however in the week before the Census, they may have been working in an outer suburb of Perth and travelled there by car. In this case, the person would have their MTWP as train on the Census form, whilst their usual travel pattern would be by car.

    Other scenario examples:

    • If a person who had a job became unemployed, retired or on leave on 10 August 2021, their MTWP would not reflect their usual travel pattern.
    • If a person who was unemployed but gained employment in the week before Census, their MTWP would not be captured. The sequencing of questions is based on labour force status in the week before Census.
    • If a person rides a bicycle a couple days per week, but ‘usually’ catches the bus, the MTWP focuses on the activity specific to Census day, to capture the minor mode of travel i.e. bicycle.
    Walked only

    If a person walked some of the way to work and used other methods, it is not included as an additional method. For example, if they walked then caught the bus, then ‘Bus’ only should be selected. Only if the person walked all the way to work, should ‘Walked only’ be selected.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes. Not only may this impact their responses for their place of work, but also, their travel to work.  Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you are currently working from home due to COVID-19 restrictions, but usually attend a workplace, please write the employer's usual workplace address.

    Answering questions about whether you had a job

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and  information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees). 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Method of travel to work (MTWP)
    • Method of travel to work (6 modes) (MTW06P)
    • Place of work (POWP)
    • Distance to work (ranges) (DTWP)

    Method of travel to work (MTWP)

    Definition

    This variable records up to three methods, or means, of travel to work on the day of the Census, for each person aged 15 years and over who was employed during the week before the Census. The question allows for multiple responses across all categories except walked only, worked at home, and did not go to work.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over employed during the week before the Census

    Categories

    1 Public Transport      
      01 Train    
        001 Train
        012 Train, bus
        013 Train, ferry
        014 Train, tram/light rail
        015 Train, taxi/ride-share service
        016 Train, car as driver
        017 Train, car as passenger
        018 Train, truck
        019 Train, motorbike/scooter
        020 Train, bicycle
        021 Train, other
        067 Train, bus, ferry
        068 Train, bus, tram/light rail
        069 Train, bus, taxi/ride-share service
        070 Train, bus, car as driver
        071 Train, bus, car as passenger
        072 Train, bus, truck
        073 Train, bus, motorbike/scooter
        074 Train, bus, bicycle
        075 Train, bus, other
        076 Train, ferry, tram/light rail
        077 Train, ferry, taxi/ride-share service
        078 Train, ferry, car as driver
        079 Train, ferry, car as passenger
        080 Train, ferry, truck
        081 Train, ferry, motorbike/scooter
        082 Train, ferry, bicycle
        083 Train, ferry, other
        084 Train, tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service
        085 Train, tram/light rail, car as driver
        086 Train, tram/light rail, car as passenger
        087 Train, tram/light rail, truck
        088 Train, tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter
        089 Train, tram/light rail, bicycle
        090 Train, tram/light rail, other
        091 Train, taxi/ride-share service, car as driver
        092 Train, taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger
        093 Train, taxi/ride-share service, truck
        094 Train, taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter
        095 Train, taxi/ride-share service, bicycle
        096 Train, taxi/ride-share service, other
        097 Train, car as driver, car as passenger
        098 Train, car as driver, truck
        099 Train, car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        100 Train, car as driver, bicycle
        101 Train, car as driver, other
        102 Train, car as passenger, truck
        103 Train, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        104 Train, car as passenger, bicycle
        105 Train, car as passenger, other
        106 Train, truck, motorbike/scooter
        107 Train, truck, bicycle
        108 Train, truck, other
        109 Train, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        110 Train, motorbike/scooter, other
        111 Train, bicycle, other
      02 Bus    
        002 Bus
        022 Bus, ferry
        023 Bus, tram/light rail
        024 Bus, taxi/ride-share service
        025 Bus, car as driver
        026 Bus, car as passenger
        027 Bus, truck
        028 Bus, motorbike/scooter
        029 Bus, bicycle
        030 Bus, other
        112 Bus, ferry, tram/light rail
        113 Bus, ferry, taxi/ride-share service
        114 Bus, ferry, car as driver
        115 Bus, ferry, car as passenger
        116 Bus, ferry, truck
        117 Bus, ferry, motorbike/scooter
        118 Bus, ferry, bicycle
        119 Bus, ferry, other
        120 Bus, tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service
        121 Bus, tram/light rail, car as driver
        122 Bus, tram/light rail, car as passenger
        123 Bus, tram/light rail, truck
        124 Bus, tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter
        125 Bus, tram/light rail, bicycle
        126 Bus, tram/light rail, other
        127 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, car as driver
        128 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger
        129 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, truck
        130 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter
        131 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, bicycle
        132 Bus, taxi/ride-share service, other
        133 Bus, car as driver, car as passenger
        134 Bus, car as driver, truck
        135 Bus, car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        136 Bus, car as driver, bicycle
        137 Bus, car as driver, other
        138 Bus, car as passenger, truck
        139 Bus, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        140 Bus, car as passenger, bicycle
        141 Bus, car as passenger, other
        142 Bus, truck, motorbike/scooter
        143 Bus, truck, bicycle
        144 Bus, truck, other
        145 Bus, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        146 Bus, motorbike/scooter, other
        147 Bus, bicycle, other
      03 Ferry    
        003 Ferry
        031 Ferry, tram/light rail
        032 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service
        033 Ferry, car as driver
        034 Ferry, car as passenger
        035 Ferry, truck
        036 Ferry, motorbike/scooter
        037 Ferry, bicycle
        038 Ferry, other
        148 Ferry, tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service
        149 Ferry, tram/light rail, car as driver
        150 Ferry, tram/light rail, car as passenger
        151 Ferry, tram/light rail, truck
        152 Ferry, tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter
        153 Ferry, tram/light rail, bicycle
        154 Ferry, tram/light rail, other
        155 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, car as driver
        156 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger
        157 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, truck
        158 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter
        159 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, bicycle
        160 Ferry, taxi/ride-share service, other
        161 Ferry, car as driver, car as passenger
        162 Ferry, car as driver, truck
        163 Ferry, car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        164 Ferry, car as driver, bicycle
        165 Ferry, car as driver, other
        166 Ferry, car as passenger, truck
        167 Ferry, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        168 Ferry, car as passenger, bicycle
        169 Ferry, car as passenger, other
        170 Ferry, truck, motorbike/scooter
        171 Ferry, truck, bicycle
        172 Ferry, truck, other
        173 Ferry, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        174 Ferry, motorbike/scooter, other
        175 Ferry, bicycle, other
      04 Tram/light rail    
        004 Tram/light rail
        039 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service
        040 Tram/light rail, car as driver
        041 Tram/light rail, car as passenger
        042 Tram/light rail, truck
        043 Tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter
        044 Tram/light rail, bicycle
        045 Tram/light rail, other
        176 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, car as driver
        177 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger
        178 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, truck
        179 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter
        180 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, bicycle
        181 Tram/light rail, taxi/ride-share service, other
        182 Tram/light rail, car as driver, car as passenger
        183 Tram/light rail, car as driver, truck
        184 Tram/light rail, car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        185 Tram/light rail, car as driver, bicycle
        186 Tram/light rail, car as driver, other
        187 Tram/light rail, car as passenger, truck
        188 Tram/light rail, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        189 Tram/light rail, car as passenger, bicycle
        190 Tram/light rail, car as passenger, other
        191 Tram/light rail, truck, motorbike/scooter
        192 Tram/light rail, truck, bicycle
        193 Tram/light rail, truck, other
        194 Tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        195 Tram/light rail, motorbike/scooter, other
        196 Tram/light rail, bicycle, other
      05 Taxi/ride-share service    
        005 Taxi/ride-share service
        046 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver
        047 Taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger
        048 Taxi/ride-share service, truck
        049 Taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter
        050 Taxi/ride-share service, bicycle
        051 Taxi/ride-share service, other
        197 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver, car as passenger
        198 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver, truck
        199 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        200 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver, bicycle
        201 Taxi/ride-share service, car as driver, other
        202 Taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger, truck
        203 Taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        204 Taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger, bicycle
        205 Taxi/ride-share service, car as passenger, other
        206 Taxi/ride-share service, truck, motorbike/scooter
        207 Taxi/ride-share service, truck, bicycle
        208 Taxi/ride-share service, truck, other
        209 Taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        210 Taxi/ride-share service, motorbike/scooter, other
        211 Taxi/ride-share service, bicycle, other
    2 Vehicle      
      06 Car, as driver    
        006 Car, as driver
        052 Car as driver, car as passenger
        053 Car as driver, truck
        054 Car as driver, motorbike/scooter
        055 Car as driver, bicycle
        056 Car as driver, other
        212 Car as driver, car as passenger, truck
        213 Car as driver, car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        214 Car as driver, car as passenger, bicycle
        215 Car as driver, car as passenger, other
        216 Car as driver, truck, motorbike/scooter
        217 Car as driver, truck, bicycle
        218 Car as driver, truck, other
        219 Car as driver, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        220 Car as driver, motorbike/scooter, other
        221 Car as driver, bicycle, other
      07 Car, as passenger    
        007 Car, as passenger
        057 Car as passenger, truck
        058 Car as passenger, motorbike/scooter
        059 Car as passenger, bicycle
        060 Car as passenger, other
        222 Car as passenger, truck, motorbike/scooter
        223 Car as passenger, truck, bicycle
        224 Car as passenger, truck, other
        225 Car as passenger, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        226 Car as passenger, motorbike/scooter, other
        227 Car as passenger, bicycle, other
      08 Truck    
        008 Truck
        061 Truck, motorbike/scooter
        062 Truck, bicycle
        063 Truck, other
        228 Truck, motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        229 Truck, motorbike/scooter, other
        230 Truck, bicycle, other
      09 Motorbike/scooter    
        009 Motorbike/scooter
        064 Motorbike/scooter, bicycle
        065 Motorbike/scooter, other
        231 Motorbike/scooter, bicycle, other
    3 Active Transport      
      10 Bicycle    
        010 Bicycle
        066 Bicycle, other
      11 Walked only    
        232 Walked only
    4 Other Mode      
      12 Other Mode    
        011 Other
    5 Worked at home or Did not go to work      
      13 Worked at home    
        233 Worked at home
      14 Did not go to work    
        234 Did not go to work
    6 Mode not stated      
      15 Not stated    
        &&& Not stated
    @ Not applicable      
      @@ Not applicable    
        @@@ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor      
      VV Overseas visitor    
        VVV Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 237

    Not applicable (@@@) category comprises:

    • Unemployed persons looking for either part-time or full-time work
    • Persons not in the labour force
    • Persons with Labour force status (LFSP) not stated
    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?

    How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    Example

    Method of travel to work example - car as a driver response selected
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information How person got to work Train Bus Ferry Tram (including light rail) Taxi or ride-share service Car – as a driver (selected response) Car – as a passenger Truck Motorbike or motor scooter Bicycle Walked only Other Worked at home Did not go to work

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How did the person get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How did Person 1 get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021? If the person used more than one method of travel to work, select all methods used. More information Select all methods of travel used by the person to get to work on Tuesday 10 August 2021. For example, if the person drove a car to a train station and then took a train to work, select both 'Car – as a driver' and 'Train' boxes. If the person walked all the way to work, select 'Walked only'. Do not include methods of travel for the journey home.

    How this variable is created

    The responses to this question are captured automatically from mark box responses on the Census form. Respondents were able to select more than one response with up to three methods recorded. Where more than three methods were used, responses were accepted in the order they appeared on the form and the extra responses were rejected.

    In cases where the combination of responses contained 'Did not go to work', 'Worked at home' or 'Walked only', then these unique responses override any others. If more than one of these unique responses is in the same combination, then a single response is selected in the order they appear. 

    History and changes

    The question relating to Method of travel to work (MTWP) was first asked in the 1976 Census. Similar questions have been asked in every Census since then.

    In 2021 changes were made to the Census question for two categories:

    • 'Taxi' has been changed to 'Taxi/ride-share service'
    • 'Tram' has been changed to 'Tram/light rail'

    Data use considerations

    This variable is used with Place of usual residence (PURP) and Place of work (POWP) address to construct 'journey to work' data for transport planning.

    Unlike most Census variables, the non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) is not affected by persons who did not return a Census form because this variable is only applicable to persons with a labour force status of 'employed'. Persons who do not respond or have a labour force status of 'not stated' are not applicable to Method of travel to work.

    The non-response rate for Method of travel to work (MTWP) was 0.5% in 2021. This is a decrease from 1.0% in 2016.

    Usual method of travel to work

    When using this data with POWP data, users should be aware that POWP refers to the main job last week, while MTWP refers to Census day. This may explain why, for a small proportion of records, MTWP data may appear inconsistent with POWP or PURP information. 

    For example, a person may have been working in the centre of Perth on 10 August 2021 and have travelled there by train, however in the week before the Census, they may have been working in an outer suburb of Perth and travelled there by car. In this case, the person would have their MTWP as 'Train' on the Census form, whilst their usual travel pattern would be by car.

    Other scenario examples:

    • If a person who had a job became unemployed, retired or on leave on 10 August 2021, their method of travel to work would not reflect their usual travel pattern.
    • If a person who was unemployed but gained employment in the week before Census, their method of travel to work would not be captured. The sequencing of questions is based on labour force status in the week before Census.
    • If a person rides a bicycle a couple days per week, but ‘usually’ catches the bus, the Method of travel to work focuses on the activity specific to Census day, to capture the minor mode of travel i.e. bicycle.
    Walked only

    If a person walked some of the way to work and used other methods, it is not included as an additional method. For example, if they walked then caught the bus, then ‘Bus’ only should be selected. Only if the person walked all the way to work, should ‘Walked only’ be selected.

    Lockdown

    A number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown on Census day, and the week preceding it, resulting in a greater number of people working from their homes.  Not only may this impact their responses for their place of work, but also, their travel to work.  Guidance on how to correctly respond was provided at the time on the Census website, as follows:

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you are currently working from home due to COVID-19 restrictions, but usually attend a workplace, please write the employer's usual workplace address.

    Answering questions about whether you had a job

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to lockdown or requirement to self-isolate, please select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike or temporarily stood down'.

    Answering questions about your workplace and job role

    If you were employed in the four weeks prior to the current lockdown period, but haven't been able to work in the last week due to COVID-19 restrictions or requirement to self-isolate, please answer all questions reflecting your usual occupation. This includes your role (such as occupation and tasks performed) and  information about your employer (such as industry and number of employees). 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Number of motor vehicles (VEHD)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of registered motor vehicles owned or used by household members that were garaged or parked at or near private dwellings on Census Night. It includes vans and company-owned vehicles and excludes motorbikes, scooters and heavy motor vehicles.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    00 No motor vehicles
    01-29 1-29 motor vehicles singly
    30 30 or more motor vehicles
    && Not stated
    @@ Not applicable

    Number of categories: 33

    Not applicable (@@) comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?

    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near 1 Smith Street on the night of 10 August 2021? Include vans and company vehicles kept at home. Exclude motorbikes, motor scooters and heavy vehicles. More information Number of motor vehicles

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near 1 Smith Street on the night of 10 August 2021? Include vans and company vehicles kept at home. Exclude motorbikes, motor scooters and heavy vehicles. More information Motor vehicles include passenger vehicles (cars, utilities, etc.), light trucks, and other vehicles like motor homes and motorised cranes. Heavy vehicles should be excluded. Heavy vehicles are defined as having a gross vehicle mass (GVM) over 4.5 tonnes. Tractors, boats and caravans should also be excluded. If there were no registered motor vehicles owned or used by the residents of this dwelling garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of 10 August 2021, enter '0' in the box. Information from this question is used for transport planning.

    How this variable is created

    Number of motor vehicles is a dwelling variable created from the number of motor vehicles owned or used question. Data for this variable is captured automatically from a written numeric response or by marking the 'None' mark box on the paper form.

    This variable includes single fields for values from 0 to 29. Values of 30 or more are grouped together. The related variable Number of motor vehicles (ranges) (VEHRD) groups responses to this question differently, with responses for 1 to 3 motor vehicles available singly, and responses of 4 or more motor vehicles coded into the grouped category of 'Four or more motor vehicles'.

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1966. The question has remained in all subsequent censuses.

    In 2001 this question also asked for the number of motorbikes and motor scooters. In 2006, asking for motorbikes and motor scooters was removed because of their lesser impact on the transport system.

    In 2021, additional instructional text was added to exclude heavy motor vehicles. This was done to better clarify the existing definition of a motor vehicle.

    Data use considerations

    Governments and councils use information from this question to plan transport infrastructure and services. Motorbikes and motor scooters are excluded from this question because of their lesser impact on the transport system. The question also excludes heavy motor vehicles (over 4.5t GVM). Tractors, boats and caravans are also not included.

    The data may include a small proportion of dwellings with unusually large numbers of vehicles, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    The non-response rate for Number of motor vehicles (VEHD) was 5.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Number of motor vehicles (ranges) (VEHRD)
    • Place of usual residence (PURP)

    Number of motor vehicles (ranges) (VEHRD)

    Definition

    This variable records the number in ranges of registered motor vehicles owned or used by household members that were garaged or parked at or near private dwellings on Census Night. It includes vans and company owned vehicles and excludes motorbikes, scooters and heavy motor vehicles.

    Scope

    Occupied private dwellings

    Categories

    Code Category
    0 No motor vehicles
    1 One motor vehicle
    2 Two motor vehicles
    3 Three motor vehicles
    4 Four or more motor vehicles
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable 

    Number of categories:  7

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Unoccupied private dwellings
    • Non-private dwellings
    • Migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1

    Question(s) from the Census form

    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?

    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near 1 Smith Street on the night of 10 August 2021? Include vans and company vehicles kept at home. Exclude motorbikes, motor scooters and heavy vehicles. More information Number of motor vehicles

    More Information

    Additional information relating to the question on: How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of Tuesday 10 August 2021?
    How many registered motor vehicles owned or used by residents of this dwelling were garaged or parked at or near 1 Smith Street on the night of 10 August 2021? Include vans and company vehicles kept at home. Exclude motorbikes, motor scooters and heavy vehicles. More information Motor vehicles include passenger vehicles (cars, utilities, etc.), light trucks, and other vehicles like motor homes and motorised cranes. Heavy vehicles should be excluded. Heavy vehicles are defined as having a gross vehicle mass (GVM) over 4.5 tonnes. Tractors, boats and caravans should also be excluded. If there were no registered motor vehicles owned or used by the residents of this dwelling garaged or parked at or near this dwelling on the night of 10 August 2021, enter '0' in the box. Information from this question is used for transport planning.

    How this variable is created

    Number of motor vehicles (ranges) is a dwelling variable created from the number of motor vehicles owned or used question. Data for this variable is captured automatically from a written numeric response or by marking the 'None' mark box on the paper form.

    This variable groups responses to this question, with 1 to 3 motor vehicles available singly, then responses of 4 or more motor vehicles coded into the grouped category of 'Four or more motor vehicles'.  The related variable Number of motor vehicles (VEHD) groups these responses differently, with single fields for values from 0 to 29, and values of 30 or more grouped together. 

    History and changes

    This variable was first introduced in 1966. The question has remained in all subsequent Censuses.

    In 2001 this question also asked for the number of motorbikes and motor scooters. In 2006, asking for motorbikes and motor scooters was removed because of their lesser impact on the transport system.

    In 2021, additional instructional text was added to exclude heavy motor vehicles. This was done to better clarify the existing definition of a motor vehicle.

    Data use considerations

    Governments and councils use information from this question to plan transport infrastructure and services. Motorbikes and motor scooters are excluded from this question because of their lesser impact on the transport system. The question also excludes heavy motor vehicles (over 4.5t GVM). Tractors, boats and caravans are also not included.

    The data may include a small proportion of dwellings with unusually large numbers of vehicles, as all numeric responses are accepted as reported.

    This variable is derived from Number of motor vehicles (VEHD). The non-response rate for Number of motor vehicles (VEHD) was 5.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.4% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Number of motor vehicles (VEHD)
    • Place of usual residence (PURP)

    Unpaid work and care

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    CHCAREP Unpaid child care June 2022
    DOMP Unpaid domestic work: number of hours June 2022
    VOLWP Voluntary work for an organisation or group June 2022

    Unpaid child care (CHCAREP)

    Definition

    This variable records people who, in the two weeks prior to Census Night, spent time caring for a child or children aged under 15 years without pay. It excludes care for a child given through an organisation or club. It includes people:

    • caring for their own children, whether they usually live with them or not
    • looking after other children in a family, such as grandchildren or children of relatives
    • looking after children of friends or neighbours.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Did not provide child care
    2 Cared for own child/children
    3 Cared for other child/children
    4 Cared for own child/children and other child/children
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the last two weeks did the person spend time looking after a child, without pay?

    In the last two weeks did the person spend time looking after a child, without pay?
    In the last two weeks did the person spend time looking after a child, without pay? Only include children who were less than 15 years of age. Select all applicable responses. More information No Yes, looked after own child Yes, looked after child other than own child

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on:In the last two weeks did the person spend time looking after a child, without pay?
    In the last two weeks did the person spend time looking after a child, without pay? Only include children who were less than 15 years of age. Select all applicable responses. More information Include the time the person spent looking after a child or children without being paid. Care of the person's own children, whether they usually live with them or not, should be included as well as grandchildren, the children of other relatives and children of friends or neighbours. Do not include care for a child given through an organisation or club. For example, if the person coaches a junior sporting team, or helps out at a school, then this is volunteering.

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created from responses to the unpaid care question on the Census form. There is minimal risk to the errors in data processing as the answers are captured automatically from the mark box responses. If multiple responses are recorded, the ‘Yes’ responses are retained and the ‘No’ response is rejected.

    History and changes

    The question on unpaid care for children was first asked in 2006.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Comparison with other surveys

    Care should be taken when comparing Census data on unpaid child care with information from other surveys and publications. Definitions can differ between different statistical collections and may not match Census definitions.

    Age and Unpaid child care data 

    When analysing Unpaid child care data, users may notice older respondents who reported they cared for their own child. A small number of this group had their ages imputed, either due to the lack of respondent information or to conform to family processing rules. Imputation rules do not reference unpaid child care as a factor, so there is no statistical correlation between the fields Age and Unpaid child care for this group. The remainder reported their date of birth and/or age last birthday, and the output Age remains as reported.

    The following scenarios are possible for this data: 

    • Both variables are correct (for example an older parent looking after their child)
    • Age is correct and the Unpaid child care response is wrong. Respondents may have misunderstood the child care question e.g. considered grandchildren, other children in the extended family to be their 'own children' or did not realise that the question referred to only children who were less than 15 years of age, or mistakenly included children (15 years and over) with a disability
    • Age is incorrect and Unpaid child care is correct 
    • Neither variable is correct

    The non-response rate for Unpaid child care (CHCAREP) was 6.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.3% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Unpaid domestic work: number of hours (DOMP)

    Definition

    This variable records the number of hours people spent in the previous week doing domestic work without pay. Domestic work is work for the individual or household, whether in the household or in other places. Unpaid domestic work can include:

    • meal preparation, service and clean-up
    • washing, ironing and managing clothes
    • any other housework
    • gardening, mowing and yard work
    • home maintenance
    • car/bike maintenance
    • household shopping and managing household financial affairs
    • maintaining home internet connections and computer systems.

    Any domestic work done as part of paid employment is excluded. Data from this variable will help provide an understanding of the way individuals and families balance paid work with other important aspects of their lives. For example, family and community commitments.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Nil hours
    2 Less than 5 hours
    3 5 to 14 hours
    4 15 to 29 hours
    5 30 hours or more
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 8

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the last week did the person spend time doing unpaid domestic work for their household?

    In the last week did the person spend time doing unpaid domestic work for their household?
    In the last week did the person spend time doing unpaid domestic work for their household? Include all housework, food/drink preparation and clean-up, laundry, gardening, home maintenance and repairs, and household shopping and finance management. More information No, did not do any unpaid domestic work in the last week Yes, less than 5 hours Yes, 5-14 hours Yes, 15-29 hours Yes, 30 hours or more

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: In the last week did the person spend time doing unpaid domestic work for their household?
    In the last week did Person 1 spend time doing unpaid domestic work for their household? Include all housework, food/drink preparation and clean-up, laundry, gardening, home maintenance and repairs, and household shopping and finance management. More information Include all domestic activities that the person did without pay, in their own home and in other places, for themselves and their household. Do not include any domestic activities that were done as part of any paid employment. Also exclude caring for children, elderly parents and people with a long-term illness or disability (other than cooking or cleaning for them), as these are addressed in the following questions. Unpaid domestic work can include: • meal preparation, service and clean-up • washing, ironing and managing clothes • any other housework • gardening, mowing and yard work • home maintenance • car/bike maintenance • household shopping • managing household financial affairs • maintaining home internet connections and computer systems.

    How this variable is created

    The variable is recorded directly from the unpaid domestic work question on the Census form. The responses to this question are captured automatically from mark box responses so the risk of errors during data processing are minimal. Where more than one response is marked, the 'Yes' response with the highest number of hours is accepted. This is accepted over any other responses, including any 'No' response.

    History and changes

    The question on unpaid domestic work was first asked in 2006.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    There are no data use considerations for this variable.

    The non-response rate for Unpaid domestic work: number of hours (DOMP) was 6.6% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.8% in 2016.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Relationship in household (RLHP)
    • Voluntary work for an organisation or group (VOLWP)

    Voluntary work for an organisation or group (VOLWP)

    Definition

    This variable records people who spent time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group in the twelve months prior to Census Night.

    Unpaid voluntary work can include:

    • assisting at organised events and with sports organisations
    • helping with organised school events and activities
    • assisting in churches, hospitals, nursing homes and charities
    • other kinds of volunteer work (e.g. emergency services, serving on a committee for a club, etc.).

    Organisations or groups can include:

    • sporting teams
    • youth groups
    • schools
    • religious organisations.

    Unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group excludes work done:

    • as part of paid employment
    • in a family business
    • to qualify for a government benefit
    • to obtain an educational qualification
    • due to a community or court order.

    Scope

    Persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Not a volunteer
    2 Volunteer
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Number of categories: 5

    Not applicable (@) category comprises:

    • Persons aged under 15 years

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    In the last twelve months did the person spend any time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group?

    In the last twelve months did the person spend any time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group?
    In the last twelve months did Person 1 spend any time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group? Include voluntary work for sporting teams, youth groups, schools or religious organisations. Exclude work in a family business or paid employment. Exclude work to qualify for a government benefit, to obtain an educational qualification or due to a community/court order. More information No, did not do any voluntary work Yes, did voluntary work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: In the last twelve months did Person 1 spend any time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group?
    In the last twelve months did Person 1 spend any time doing unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group? Include voluntary work for sporting teams, youth groups, schools or religious organisations. Exclude work in a family business or paid employment. Exclude work to qualify for a government benefit, to obtain an educational qualification or due to a community/court order. More information Only include help willingly given, in the form of time, service or skills, to a club, organisation or association. Unpaid voluntary work can include: • assisting at organised events and with sports organisations • helping with organised school events and activities • assisting in churches, hospitals, nursing homes and charities • school students participating in student government within their schools • other kinds of volunteer work (for example, emergency services, serving on a committee for a club or community group).

    How this variable is created

    The variable is recorded directly from the voluntary work question on the Census form. The responses to this question are recorded automatically from mark box responses, so the risk of errors during data processing are minimal. If both responses are recorded, the ‘Yes’ is accepted. The ‘No’ response will be rejected.

    History and changes

    The question on voluntary work for an organisation or group was first asked in 2006.

    No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    Unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group may include care of a child or care of a person with disability, a long-term illness or problems with old age. Unpaid child care (CHCAREP) and Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition or due to old age (UNCAREP) both exclude unpaid voluntary work for an organisation or group.

    Care should be taken when comparing Census data on Voluntary work for an organisation or group with information from other surveys and publications. Definitions can differ between different statistical collections and may therefore not be comparable.

    The non-response rate for Voluntary work for an organisation or group (VOLWP) was 6.4% in 2021. This is a decrease from 8.2% in 2016. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Unpaid child care (CHCAREP)
    • Unpaid domestic work: number of hours (DOMP)
    • Unpaid assistance to a person with a disability, health condition or due to old age (UNCAREP)

    National reporting indicators

    Mnemonic  Variable  Release  
    C3SP Attainment of certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification October 2022
    EMFP Employment flag October 2022
    LFFP Labour force participation flag October 2022
    SVFP Level of workplace participation survey comparison flag October 2022
    UEFP Unemployment flag October 2022
    WTNSQP People with or working towards a non-school qualification October 2022 New
    YR12C2P Attainment of year 12 or certificate II or higher October 2022
    YR12C3P Attainment of year 12 or certificate III or higher October 2022

    Supporting variables

    Mnemonic  Variable  Variable Topic Release  
    AGEP Age Population June 2022
    EETP Engagement in employment, education and training Education and training October 2022
    HEAP Level of highest educational attainment Education and training June 2022
    HOSD Housing suitability Housing June 2022
    INGP Indigenous status Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples June 2022

    Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification (C3SP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable indicates whether a person has attained a Certificate III or higher or is currently studying a non-school qualification. This allows for calculation of the proportion of the population that has attained the relevant qualifications or is studying for a non-school qualification. This variable can be used for the calculation of the proportion of the population that is employed, as used in the Closing the Gap Target 7 – youth are engaged in employment or education.

     

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Attained Certificate III or higher or studying for a non-school qualification
    2 Has not attained Certificate III or higher and is not studying for a non-school qualification
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Persons whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described and who were not currently attending an educational institution or whose Type of educational institution currently attending was Secondary level or below.
    • Persons who had not completed a Non-school qualification: level of education at Certificate III or higher and whose Type of educational institution currently attending was Not stated
    • Persons whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described and whose Type of educational institution currently attending was Not stated

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What type of education institution is the person attending?

    On the online form the type of education institution attending question is split into two parts. When a respondent selects either 'Primary', 'Secondary' or 'Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers)' they are presented with a second question to describe the education institution in more detail. 

    What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Preschool Primary school Secondary school Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers) Other education institution

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Select 'Preschool' for a child who attends an early childhood education program. This may be conducted in conjunction with a centre based day care provider. Preschool is a structured, play based learning program, primarily aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. For students attending a combined primary and secondary school (e.g. K-12 school), report the level of schooling based on the year level they are currently attending. For a person currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, select the type of education institution the person usually attends or is enrolled in.

    Question when respondents select 'Primary school'

    Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification example - Primary school response selected
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Primary

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Primary school
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Secondary school'

    Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification example - Secondary school response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Secondary

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Secondary school
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Tertiary institution'

    Attainment of Certificate III or higher or working towards a non-school qualification example - Tertiary institution response selected
    What type of tertiary education institution is Person 1 attending? Vocational education and training (including TAFE and private training providers) University or other higher education

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created by combining information from:

    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)

    A matrix is included in the downloads to show how the variable is created.

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, overseas visitors have been separated out from the not applicable category into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National Reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate II or higher (YR12C2P)
    • Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate III or higher (YR12C3P)
    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Type of educational institution attending (TYPP)

    Downloads

    National reporting indicators 2021

    Employment flag (EMFP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable flags whether a person is employed or unemployed/not in the labour force. This variable can be used for the calculation of the proportion of the population that is employed, as used in the Closing the Gap Target 8 – strong economic participation and development of people and their communities.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Employed
    2 Unemployed or not in the labour force
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons whose Labour force status (LFSP) was Not stated
    • Persons under 15 years of age

    *  Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' or 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down' to the previous question, 'Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?'

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business?
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is created by making custom categories from Labour force status (LFSP) as shown in the table below:

    Labour force status (LFSP) Employment flag (EMFP)
    1 Employed, worked full-time 1 Employed
    2 Employed, worked part-time 1 Employed
    3 Employed, away from work 1 Employed
    4 Unemployed, looking for full-time work 2 Unemployed or not in the labour force
    5 Unemployed, looking for part-time work 2 Unemployed or not in the labour force
    6 Not in the labour force 2 Unemployed or not in the labour force
    & Not stated @ Not applicable*
    @ Not applicable (Persons aged under 15 years) @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor V Overseas visitor*

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, ‘Overseas visitor’ has been separated out from the ‘Not applicable’ category, into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National Reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable is derived from the Labour force status (LFSP) variable. The non-response rate for Labour force status (LFSP) was 5.8% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.7% in 2016.

    Closing the Gap and Other National Government Reporting

    This variable aims to provide data on Target 8 for the National Agreement for Closing the Gap:

    • By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 25-64 who are employed to 62 per cent.

    Employment flag (EMFP), Indigenous status (INGP) and Age (AGEP) variables should be used to report on this measure. ‘Not applicable’ and ‘Overseas visitors’ categories should not be used for this measure.

    For more information about ABS collections used in Closing the Gap and other National Government Reporting, see Closing the Gap and Other National Reporting.

    Comparing Census with the ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Labour force status (LFSP)
    • Labour force participation flag (LFFP)
    • Unemployment flag (UEFP)

    Labour force participation flag (LFFP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable flags whether or not a person is participating in the labour force for people who had a stated Labour force status (LFSP). This variable can be used for the calculation of the proportion of the population that is employed, as used in Closing the Gap Target 8 – Strong economic participation and development of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Participates in the Labour Force
    2 Not in the Labour Force
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Persons whose Labour force status (LFSP) was Not stated

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More information

    Additional informtaion relating to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?'

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?'

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is created by making custom categories from Labour force status (LFSP) as shown in the table below:

    Labour force status (LFSP) Labour force participation flag (LFFP)

    1 Employed, worked full-time

    1 Participates in the Labour Force

    2 Employed, worked part-time

    1 Participates in the Labour Force

    3 Employed, away from work

    1 Participates in the Labour Force

    4 Unemployed, looking for full-time work

    1 Participates in the Labour Force

    5 Unemployed, looking for part-time work

    1 Participates in the Labour Force

    6 Not in the labour force

    2 Not in the Labour Force

    & Not stated

    @ Not applicable*

    @ Not applicable (Persons aged under 15 years)

    @ Not applicable*

    V Overseas visitor

    V Overseas visitor*

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, 'Overseas visitors' have been separated out from the 'Not applicable' category into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable is derived from the Labour force status (LFSP) variable. The non-response rate for Labour force status (LFSP) was 5.8% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.7% in 2016.

    Comparing Census with the ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in the Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey

    Related variables and glossary terms

    Level of workforce participation survey comparison flag (SVFP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable approximates a population that is comparable with in-scope survey populations as used in the Closing the Gap Target 8 – strong economic participation and development of people and their communities.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 In scope of national reporting level of workforce participation survey comparison population
    @ Not applicable*

    Number of categories: 2

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons living in non-private dwellings
    • Persons living in non-classifiable households
    • Persons who reported their Industry of employment (INDP) as ‘Foreign Government Representation’ or ‘Defence’
    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Visitors (from within Australia)
    • Overseas visitors

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    This variable is not derived from a question, but by other variables.  See 'How this variable is created' for further information.

    How this variable is created

    To determine the people who are in scope for this variable, the following variables are used:

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. No changes have been made for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Unemployment flag (UEFP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable flags whether a person is unemployed or employed for people who reported they are in the labour force. This variable can be used to calculate the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed, as used in Closing the Gap Target 8 – Strong economic participation and development of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Unemployed
    2 Employed
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Persons whose Labour force status (LFSP) was Not stated or Not in the labour force

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?

    Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Yes, worked for payment or profit Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down Yes, unpaid work in a family business Yes, other unpaid work No, did not have a job

    More infomation

    Additional information realted to the question on: Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?
    Last week, did Person 1 have a job of any kind? A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for one hour or more. More information Last week refers to the week before Census night – Tuesday 10 August 2021. People who did some work for which they will receive some payment (including casual, temporary or part-time work) and it was for one hour or more in the last week select the 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' response. People not working due to a COVID lockdown... • who worked at all in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • who did not work in the four weeks before the current lockdown, select 'No, did not have a job'. People on paid leave, for example holiday leave, maternity leave or sick leave, should select 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. People who have been on unpaid leave... • for less than four weeks and are not being paid, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • for four weeks or more and are not being paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are on workers' compensation and... • are planning to return to work, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • won't be returning to work, select 'No, did not have a job'. People working for the dole are considered not to be in paid work and should select 'No, did not have a job'. People who are casual or freelance workers and... • worked in the week before Census night, select 'Yes, worked for payment or profit'. • did not work last week but worked at some stage in the four weeks before Census night, select ‘Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down'. • did not work in the four weeks before Census night, select 'No, did not have a job'. People who work from home and... • get paid, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. • do not get paid, select 'No, did not have a job'. Retired people should select 'No, did not have a job'. This also applies to people who have never had a job.

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business

    This question is only applicable for people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, worked for payment or profit' or 'Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down' to the previous question, 'Last week, did the person have a job of any kind?'

    In the main job held last week, was the person: Working for an employer; Working in own business
    In the main job held last week, was Person 1: If the person had more than one job last week, then ‘main job’ refers to the job in which the person usually works the most hours. For all persons conducting their own business, including those with their own incorporated (e.g. Pty Ltd) company, as well as sole traders, partnerships and contractors, select ‘Working in own business’. Working for an employer Working in own business

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?

    Last week, how many hours did the person work in all jobs?
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Hours worked

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off.  More information Hours worked
    Last week, how many hours did Person 1 work in all jobs? Add any overtime or extra time worked and subtract any time off. More information Include all hours the person worked for all jobs, even if those hours are not the hours they usually work. Include any overtime and hours spent working at home. Do not include time off work, for example, sick leave or annual leave. If the person did not work any hours, please enter '0'.

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?

    Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information No, did not look for work Yes, looked for full-time work Yes, looked for part-time work

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?
    Did Person 1 actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks? Full-time work means 35 hours or more per week. Examples of actively looking for work include: • Writing, telephoning or applying to an employer for work • Having a job interview • Checking or registering with an employment agency • Taking steps to purchase or start a business • Advertising or tendering for work • Contacting friends or relatives in order to obtain work • Answering an advertisement for a job More information All people who are not looking for work, including retired people, should select 'No, did not look for work'. Select 'No, did not look for work' if the person only looked in newspapers, on the internet or checked notice boards, and did not take any of the active steps listed in the question.

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?

    This question is only applicable to people aged 15 years and over who responded 'Yes, looked for full-time work' or 'Yes, looked for part-time work' to the previous question, 'Did the person actively look for work at any time in the last four weeks?'

    If the person had found a job, could the person have started work last week?
    If Person 1 had found a job, could they have started work last week? Yes, could have started work last week No, already had a job to go to No, temporarily ill or injured No, other reason

    How this variable is created

    Data for this variable is created by making custom categories from Labour force status (LFSP) as shown in the table below:

    Labour force status (LFSP) Labour force participation flag (LFFP)
    1 Employed, worked full-time 2 Employed
    2 Employed, worked part-time 2 Employed
    3 Employed, away from work 2 Employed
    4 Unemployed, looking for full-time work 1 Unemployed
    5 Unemployed, looking for part-time work 1 Unemployed
    6 Not in the labour force @ Not applicable*
    & Not stated @ Not applicable*
    @ Not applicable (Persons aged under 15 years) @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor V Overseas visitor*

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, 'Overseas visitors' have been separated out from the 'Not applicable' category into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable is derived from the Labour force status (LFSP) variable. The non-response rate for Labour force status (LFSP) was 5.8% in 2021. This is a decrease from 6.7% in 2016.

    Comparing Census with the ABS Labour Force Survey

    The Census and Labour Force Survey both collect information about the labour market activity of people aged 15 years and over. While both collections seek to measure the concepts related to employment, unemployment and being outside of the labour force, there are a number of differences between them that should be considered in the use of the data. A summary of the differences between these collections is available in Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey

    Related variables and glossary terms

    People with or working towards a non-school qualification (WTNSQP)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable indicates whether a person has a non-school qualification, is working towards a non-school qualification or both. 

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 With a non-school qualification only
    2 Working towards a non-school qualification only
    3 With and working towards a non-school qualification
    4 Not with or working towards a non-school qualification
    & Status not determined/Not stated*
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 7

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons under 15 years of age
    • Persons whose Type of educational institution attending was Primary school

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What type of education institution is the person attending?

    On the online form the type of education institution attending question is split into two parts. When a respondent selects either 'Primary', 'Secondary' or 'Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers)' they are presented with a second question to describe the education institution in more detail. 

    What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Preschool Primary school Secondary school Tertiary institution (e.g. University and vocational education and training, including TAFE and private training providers) Other education institution

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is the person attending?
    What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Include secondary colleges and senior high schools under ‘Secondary school’. For external, online or correspondence students, mark the type of institution in which they are enrolled. More information Select 'Preschool' for a child who attends an early childhood education program. This may be conducted in conjunction with a centre based day care provider. Preschool is a structured, play based learning program, primarily aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. For students attending a combined primary and secondary school (e.g. K-12 school), report the level of schooling based on the year level they are currently attending. For a person currently studying at home because of lockdowns or other COVID-related reasons, select the type of education institution the person usually attends or is enrolled in.

    Question when respondents select 'Primary school'

    People with or working towards a non-school qualification example - primary school response selected
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Primary

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Primary school
    What type of primary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Secondary school'

    People with or working towards a non-school qualification example - secondary school response selected
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information Government Catholic Other non-government

    More information - Secondary

    Additional information relating to the question on: What type of education institution is Person 1 attending? Secondary school
    What type of secondary school is Person 1 attending? More information ‘Other non-government’ are independent education institutions, including Anglican schools and other schools which have associations with religious or secular bodies, or are entirely independent.

    Question when respondents select 'Tertiary institution'

    People with or working towards a non-school qualification example - tertiary institution response selected
    What type of tertiary education institution is Person 1 attending? Vocational education and training (including TAFE and private training providers) University or other higher education

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created by combining information from:

    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Type of education institution attending (TYPP)

    A matrix is included in the downloads to show how the variable is created.

    History and changes

    This is a new variable for 2021.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National Reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Report on Government Services (RoGS)

    This variable can be used to provide data for indicators in the Report on Government Services (RoGS) Chapter B Child care, education and training sector overview:

    • BA.7 Proportion of 20-64 year olds with or working towards a non-school qualification
    • BA.8 Proportion of 20-64 year olds with or working towards a non-school qualification, by Indigenous status

    Employment flag (EMFP), Indigenous status (INGP) and Age (AGEP) variables should be used to report on this measure. ‘Not applicable’ and ‘Overseas visitors’ categories should not be used when reporting on this measure.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Type of education institution attending (TYPP)

    Downloads

    National reporting indicators 2021

    Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate II or higher (YR12C2P)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable indicates whether a person has attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate II or higher. This allows calculation of the proportion of the population that has attained the relevant qualifications, as used in the Closing the Gap Target 6 – Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students reach their full potential through further education pathways.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate II or higher
    2 Has not attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate II or higher
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons without Year 12 attainment whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described
    • Persons who did not state their highest year of school completed and who had not completed a Non-school qualification: level of education at Certificate II or higher
    • Persons who did not state their highest year of school completed and whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described
    • Persons under 15 years of age

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional instructions relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created by combining information from:

    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)

    A matrix is included in the downloads to show how the variable is created.

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, 'Overseas visitors' have been separated out from the 'Not applicable' category into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National Reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form.

    Report on Government Services (RoGS)

    This variable can be used to provide data for indicators in the Report on Government Services (RoGS) Chapter B Child care, education and training sector overview:

    • BA.10 People aged 20-24 years who have completed year 12 (or equivalent) or Certificate II level or above, by Indigenous status

    Indigenous status (INGP) and Age (AGEP) will also have to be used to report on these measures. ‘Not applicable’ and ‘Overseas visitors’ categories should not be used when reporting on these measures.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Attainment of Year 12 of Certificate III or higher (YR12C3P)

    Downloads

    National reporting indicators 2021

    Attainment of Year 12 or Certificate III or higher (YR12C3P)

    Definition

    This variable is used for national reporting purposes.

    This variable indicates whether a person has attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate III or higher. This allows calculation of the proportion of the population that has attained the relevant qualifications, as used in the Report on Government Services (RoGS) Indicator BA. 12 – Proportion of 20-24 year olds who have completed Year 12 (or equivalent) or Certificate III level or higher.

    Scope

    All persons aged 15 years and over

    Categories

    Code Category
    1 Attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate III or higher
    2 Has not attained Year 12 or equivalent or Certificate III or higher
    @ Not applicable*
    V Overseas visitor*

    Number of categories: 4

    Not applicable (@) comprises:

    • Persons without Year 12 attainment whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described
    • Persons who did not state their Highest year of school completed and who had not completed a Non-school qualification: level of education at Certificate III or higher
    • Persons who did not state their Highest year of school completed and whose Non-school qualification: level of education was Not stated or inadequately described
    • Persons under 15 years of age

    * Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes.

    See Understanding supplementary codes for more information.

    Question(s) from the Census form

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?

    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Year 9 or equivalent Year 8 or below Did not go to school

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the highest year of primary or secondary school the person has completed?
    What is the highest year of primary or secondary school Person 1 has completed? For people currently at school, select the highest year of schooling they have completed, not the year they are currently undertaking. More information Select 'Year 12 or equivalent' if the person has completed: • Year 13 • 6th form • Matriculation • Highest year of school available. If the highest year of schooling the person has completed was in primary school, select 'Year 8 or below'. For persons who left school and then returned after a break, select the highest year of schooling they have completed irrespective of when it was completed. Include school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. at a TAFE).

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?

    Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information No No, still studying for first qualification Yes, trade certificate/apprenticeship Yes, other qualification (certificate, diploma or degree)

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: Has the person completed any educational qualification?
    Has Person 1 completed any educational qualification? More information If the person completed any vocational qualifications as part of their secondary schooling, select 'Yes, other qualification'. If the person has completed any other qualifications, select the appropriate 'Yes' response. Non-school or higher education qualifications include Certificates I-IV; Trade Certificates; Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas; Bachelor Degrees; Graduate Certificates and Graduate Diplomas; and higher degrees such as a Masters or Doctorate.

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?

    What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information Level of qualification

    More information

    Additional information relating to the question on: What is the level of the highest qualification the person has completed?
    What is the level of the highest qualification Person 1 has completed? For example: Trade Certificate, Bachelor Degree, Associate Diploma, Certificate II, Advanced Diploma. More information If the person has two or more qualifications, only state the highest qualification obtained. For example, if the person has a Graduate Diploma of Education and a Bachelor Degree in Economics, the Graduate Diploma should be reported as the higher qualification. Qualification levels listed from highest to lowest: • Doctorate • Master Degree • Graduate Diploma • Graduate Certificate • Bachelor Degree with Honours • Bachelor Degree • Associate Degree • Advanced Diploma • Diploma • Associate Diploma • Advanced Certificate • Certificate IV (or Post-trade) • Certificate III (or Trade) • Certificate II • Certificate I

    How this variable is created

    This variable is created by combining information from:

    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)

    A matrix is included in the downloads to show how the variable is created.

    History and changes

    This variable was first created in 2016. For 2021, 'Overseas visitors' have been separated out from the 'Not applicable' category into a separate category.

    Data use considerations

    This variable was created for National reporting purposes. Any analyses using this variable that are for other purposes should be done with caution and with reference to the relevant inclusions and exclusions described above.

    Categories marked with an '*' are to be excluded from data extracted for national reporting purposes. 

    This variable does not have a non-response rate as it is created during Census processing by using responses from more than one question on the Census form. 

    Closing the Gap and Other National Government Reporting

    This variable can be used to provide data on Target 5 for the National Agreement for Closing the Gap:

    • By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (age 20-24) attaining year 12 or equivalent qualification to 96 per cent

    Indigenous status (INGP) and Age (AGEP) will also have to be used to report on this measure. ‘Not applicable’ and ‘Overseas visitors’ categories should not be used for this measure.

    For more information about ABS collections used in Closing the Gap and other National Government Reporting, see Closing the Gap and Other National Government Reporting.

    Report on Government Services (RoGS)

    This variable can be used to provide data for indicators in the Report on Government Services:

    • BA.12 Proportion of 20-24 year olds who have completed year 12 (or equivalent) or Certificate III level or above
    • BA.14 Proportion of 20-64 year olds with qualifications at Certificate III level or above, by age group
    • BA.15 Proportion of 20-64 year olds with qualifications at Certificate III level or above, by Indigenous status

    Indigenous status (INGP) and Age (AGEP) will also have to be used to report on these measures. 'Not applicable’ and ‘Overseas visitors’ categories should not be used when reporting on these measures.

    Related variables and glossary terms

    • Highest year of school completed (HSCP)
    • Non-school qualifications: level of education (QALLP)
    • Attainment of Year 12 of Certificate II or higher (YR12C2P)

    Downloads

    National reporting indicators 2021

    Glossary

    A
      Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
      Address
      Administrative data
      Adopted child
      Australian born
      Australian Census longitudinal dataset (ACLD)
      Australian residents temporarily overseas
      Average persons per household
    B
      Boarding school student
    C
      Caravans
      Census and Statistics Act 1905
      Census counts
      Census date
      Census time capsule
      Child
      Confidentiality
      Contributing family worker
      Couple family
    D
      Data processing
      Derivation
      Destination zone
      Dwelling
    E
      Employed
      Employed, away from work
      Employee
      Enumeration
      Estimated Resident Population (ERP)
      Ethnicity
    F
      Family
      First generation Australians 
      Foster child
    G
      Geography
      Government benefits, pensions and allowances
      Group household
    H
      Homelessness enumeration
      Hotdecking
      Household
      Household form
    I
      Improvised home
      Imputation
      Industry
      Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)
      Internal migration
      Interviewer Household Form
      Introduced random error/perturbation
    J
      Job
    L
      Labour force
      Lone parent
      Lone person household
      Long-term health condition(s)
    M
      Manufactured home estates
      Marital status
      Median income
      Mnemonics
      Multiple family households
    N
      Name
      Name and address retention
      Name of employer
      Negative income
      Nominal child
      Non-binary sex
      Non-family member
      Non-response
      Not in the labour force
    O
      One-parent family
      Or equivalent level of education
      Other family
      Other related individual
      Overcount
      Overseas born
      Owner managers
    P
      Parent
      Parent-child relationship
      Partner
      Part-time work
      Personal form
      Place of enumeration
      Post Census Review (PCR)
      Post Enumeration Survey (PES)
    Q
      Quality assurance
    R
      Recodes and user defined fields
      Reference person/Person 1
      Response rate
    S
      Same-sex couple
      Second generation Australians 
      Self-enumeration
      Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA)
      Special purpose codes
      Special short form
      Step child
      Supplementary codes
    T
      Temporarily absent
      Third-plus generation Australians 
    U
      Undercount and/or underenumeration
      Unemployed
      Unit record file
      Unrelated individual living in a family household
      Usual residence
    V
      Visitors to a household
      Visitors to Australia
    W
      Working population

     

    A

    Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander

    People who identified themselves, or were identified by another household member, as being of Aboriginal origin, Torres Strait Islander origin, or both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin.

    See also Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestries, Indigenous household indicator (INGDWTD), Indigenous status (INGP), Whether reported using an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language at home (LNGP) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator (INGF).

    Address

    ‘A structured label for any location where one would expect to deliver or receive a good or service’. This is the working definition used by Geoscape Australia, which aims to include all physical addresses, and exclude non-physical addresses such as post office boxes or email addresses.

    Addresses are collected in the Census because data is required for key characteristics about where Australians live and work. Addresses are collected to:

    • release accurate data for geographic areas, such as postal areas, states and territories, capital cities, towns, remote areas and many more
    • produce population estimates for regions to help with the distribution of government funds and for electoral purposes
    • help understand how and where people travel to work
    • enable the development of a higher quality ABS Address Register, which is used widely to develop better survey processes, and improve processes and systems for the next Census.

    See also Confidentiality and Name and address retention.

    Administrative data

    Administrative data is information that government departments, businesses and other organisations collect. They collect information for a range of reasons such as:

    • registrations
    • sales
    • record keeping.

    Some examples of administrative data:

    • personal income tax information from the Australian Taxation Office
    • information about the number of people who use Medicare from the Department of Health.

    The ABS only collects and uses administrative data for statistics and research. We don't share or release this information in a way that could identify anyone.

    See also how administrative data was used in the Census.

    Adopted child

    The Census does not seek to separately identify adopted children. An adopted child is, in most cases, reported as the child of person 1 and/or person 2 in the relationship question, and is coded in the same way as a natural child.

    See also Child, Child type (CTPP) and Reference person/Person 1.

    Australian born

    Australian born includes all people born in Australia, and excludes people:

    • born overseas
    • born at sea
    • whose response was classified 'Inadequately described'
    • whose response was classified 'Not elsewhere classified'

    Australia in this definition is as set out in section 2B of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 and for the 2021 Census includes: the six states, the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and the territories of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.

    See also Country of birth of person (BPLP).

    Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset (ACLD)

    ACLD uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a longitudinal picture of Australian society. The first release of ACLD was based on a random 5% sample from the 2006 Census, brought together with records from the 2011 and 2016 Census using probabilistic linking methods. 

    See also Microdata: Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset.

    Australian residents temporarily overseas

    The Census counts people in Australia on Census Night, therefore Australian residents temporarily overseas are excluded. However, administrative data for overseas arrivals and departures enable their inclusion in the Estimated Resident Population.

    See also Estimated Resident Population (ERP) and Temporarily absent

    Average persons per household

    Average persons per household (also known as average household size) is the average number of people usually resident in an occupied private dwelling.

    This is calculated by taking the sum of the number of persons usually resident in a dwelling for all occupied private dwellings and dividing by the total number of occupied private dwellings. 

    The total number of people usually resident in dwellings is calculated from the Number of persons usually resident in dwelling (NPRD). The classification is weighted such that one person receives a weight of one; two people receive a weight of two; and so on until the maximum weight of eight. 

    This calculation excludes:

    • dwellings where not applicable responses were found in the Number of persons usually resident in dwelling (NPRD) classification and
    • visitor only, other non-classifiable and not applicable dwellings using the Household composition (HHCD) classification.

    B

    Boarding school student

    Boarders at school or college are specifically asked to record the address of the school or college as their usual residence if they intend to live there for a total of 6 months or more. This instruction was not given in censuses prior to 1986 and often these people incorrectly reported their family home as their place of usual residence.

    See also Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD).

    C

    Caravans

    Caravans that are occupied are usually treated as private dwellings. This includes caravans and campervans that are located on: 

    • caravan or residential parks
    • camping grounds
    • roadsides or open land.

    Caravans on residential allotments are also usually treated as an occupied private dwelling. The exception to this is where there are one or more other structures on the allotment and the occupants of the caravan are residents of the main dwelling. In this case the occupants are all classed as one household and the caravan is counted as an additional room of the main dwelling. 

    See also Dwelling type (DWTD), Dwelling structure (STRD).

    Census and Statistics Act 1905

    The Census and Statistics Act 1905 (CSA) provides the Australian Statistician with the authority to conduct statistical collections, including the Census of Population and Housing, and, when necessary, to direct a person to provide statistical information.

    See also Legislative framework and Confidentiality.

    Census counts

    The Census counts people where they were located on Census Night and this count of the population is referred to as the place of enumeration count. A count of the population based on their place of usual residence is also available. In censuses prior to 2006, many of the Census products presented data on a place of enumeration basis. Since 2006, the focus has been on place of usual residence.

    Census counts by place of usual residence:

    • exclude overseas visitors 
    • exclude Australian residents temporarily overseas.

    The variables Family composition (FMCF) and Household composition (HHCD) are coded on a place of usual residence basis rather than a place of enumeration basis. All visitors to dwellings are excluded when coding these variables. Usual residents who are reported as 'temporarily absent' are included in the coding of Family composition (FMCF) and Household composition (HHCD).

    See also Estimated resident population (ERP), Household, Place of enumeration, Place of usual residence (PURP), and Usual residence.

    Census date

    The date of the 2021 Census was Tuesday 10 August 2021.

    Census time capsule

    From the 2001 Census, the Census form has included an optional question asking whether each person in the household agrees to have their personally identified information kept and securely held by the National Archives of Australia for 99 years. This personally-identified Census information will not be available for any purpose (including to courts and tribunals) within the 99 year closed access period and cannot be accessed, altered or retrieved before that time.

    After 99 years, the name identified data will be made public for future generations. The first batch of such information, from the 2001 Census, will be publicly available in 2100. Those accessing the information could include genealogists, historians, social analysts and other researchers in the 22nd century.

    Unlike other questions, the Census time capsule question on the form does not relate to a specific Census topic and is not listed in the Census Regulations, with other topics. Rather, the Census time capsule was made possible by an amendment to the Census and Statistics Act 1905.

    See also Confidentiality and Name and address retention.

    Child

    This is a person of any age who is a natural, adopted, step, foster or nominal son or daughter of a couple or lone parent, usually resident in the same household. A child is also any individual under 15, usually resident in the household, who forms a parent-child relationship with another member of the household. This includes otherwise related children less than 15 years of age and unrelated children less than 15 years of age.

    In order to be classified as a child, the person can have no identified partner or child of their own usually resident in the household. A separate family in the household is formed in this instance. If a person is aged under 15 and has a partner and/or a spouse these relationships are not recorded.

    There are three types of children identified by the Relationship in household (RLHP) variable:

    • child under 15
    • dependent student
    • non-dependent child.

    Variables relevant to children are:

    • Child type (CTPP)
    • Count of all children in family (CACF)
    • Count of dependent children aged under 15 temporarily absent (CDCAF)
    • Count of dependent children in family (CDCF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family (CNDCF)
    • Count of non-dependent children temporarily absent (CNDAF)
    • Count of children with selected long-term health condition(s) in household (CCLTHD)
    • Count of dependent children under 15 (CDCUF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) (CDSF)
    • Child type (including grandchildren) (CTGP)

    Characteristics of children or parents who were temporarily absent on Census Night are not available.

    Confidentiality

    Under the Census and Statistics Act 1905, the personal information you provide in the Census remains strictly confidential to the ABS. The ABS never has and never will release identifiable Census data. Other organisations, including government departments and marketing companies, cannot have access to personal information you provide on your Census form. 

    For more information refer to the 2021 Census Privacy Statement.

    See also Census time capsule, Introduced random error/perturbation and Name and address retention.

    Contributing family worker

    A person who works without pay, in an economic enterprise operated by a relative.

    See also Labour force status (LFSP) and Status in employment (SIEMP).

    Couple family

    A couple family is identified by the existence of a couple relationship. A couple relationship is defined as two people usually residing in the same household who share a social, economic and emotional bond usually associated with marriage and who consider their relationship to be a marriage or marriage-like union. This relationship is identified by the presence of a registered marriage or de facto marriage. A couple family can be with or without children, and may or may not include other related individuals. A couple family with children present can be expanded to elaborate on the characteristics of those children, such as their number, age and dependency status.

    See also Family blending (FBLF), Family composition (FMCF), Marital status, Relationship in household (RLHP) and Same-sex couple.

    D

    Data processing

    Data processing includes all steps from receipt of Census responses in either online or in paper form through to the production of a clean Census data file. 

    For 2021 Census, a Data Capture Centre (DCC) was established to register, scan and capture data from the paper forms using imaging and Intelligent Character Recognition. A Data Operation Centre was established which was responsible for processing: including frame reconciliation, coding, imputation, editing, and quality assuring all of the 2021 Census Data.

    See also 2021 Census methodology and Quality assurance.

    Derivation

    Derivation is an automated process where some variables are assigned values based on responses to other questions, or, (where no response has been provided), from other family members present in the same dwelling. Examples of these include deriving age from date of birth or automatically setting fields to not-applicable based on responses to other questions.

    See also Imputation and Non-response

    Destination zone

    Destination zones (DZNs) are the spatial unit used to code Place of work (POWP) and are an aggregation of 2021 mesh blocks. DZNs aggregate to statistical areas level 2 (SA2s) in the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Data at DZN level will be available in the Census TableBuilder product.

    See also Place of work (POWP) and Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

    Dwelling

    A dwelling is a structure which is intended to have people live in it, and which is habitable on Census Night. Some examples of dwellings are houses, motels, flats, caravans, prisons, tents, humpies and houseboats.

    Private dwellings are enumerated using online or paper household forms, which obtain family and relationship data as well as information on the dwelling itself such as rent or mortgage payments and ownership. Non-private dwellings (for example hotels and hospitals) are enumerated using online or paper personal forms. While these forms capture information about the person's residential status within the non-private dwelling, they do not capture information on ownership of, or payments related to, the dwelling.

    All occupied dwellings are counted in the Census. Unoccupied private dwellings are also counted. This includes unoccupied units in retirement villages (self-contained). Unoccupied residences of owners, managers or caretakers of caravan parks, marinas and manufactured home estates are also counted, but other unoccupied dwellings in such establishments are not counted.

    Since the 2001 Census unoccupied private dwellings have been counted in discrete Indigenous communities.

    If a non-private dwelling is unoccupied on Census Night it is out of scope. Unoccupied residences of owners, managers or caretakers of such establishments are counted.

    See also Caravans, Dwelling location (DLOD), Dwelling structure (STRD), Dwelling type (DWTD), Household, Manufactured home estates and Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD).

    E

    Employed

    Persons in employment are those of working age who, during a short reference period, were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit. Employment is defined as an activity of one hour or more. 

    See also Public/private sector (GNGP), Hours worked (HRSP), Labour force status (LFSP), Occupation (OCCP) and Part-time work.

    Employed, away from work

    The 'employed away from work' category refers to people who responded that they had a job in the week before the Census, but were away from work on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down. It also includes those who stated that they worked in the previous week but did not provide the number of hours worked. Extra guidance was given in the online form for those who weren't working due to COVID-19 restrictions.

    See also Labour force status (LFSP).

    Employee

    An employee is a person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages or salary; or is paid a retainer fee by their employer, while working on a commission basis; or works for an employer for tips, piece-rates or payment in kind.

    See also Public/private sector (GNGP), Hours worked (HRSP), Labour force status (LFSP), Occupation (OCCP) and Status in employment (SIEMP).

    Enumeration

    Enumeration is the action of counting something. The Census enumerates (or counts) everyone in Australia on Census Night, as well as all the dwellings. 

    See also Place of enumeration.

    Estimated Resident Population (ERP)

    The Estimated Resident Population (ERP) is the official measure of the population of Australia, and is based on the concept of usual residence. It refers to all people, regardless of nationality, citizenship or legal status, who usually live in Australia, with the exception of foreign diplomatic personnel and their families. The ERP includes usual residents who are overseas for less than 12 months and excludes overseas visitors who are in Australia for less than 12 months.

    More information on the ERP can be found in the ABS publication National state and territory population, produced quarterly. ERPs for SA2s, LGAs and selected non-ABS structures are published annually in Regional population. More information on demographic publications is available under Population on the ABS website.

    See also Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS), Census counts, Place of enumeration, Place of usual residence (PURP).

    Ethnicity

    A number of variables used in the 2021 Census may provide information about ethnic origin. These variables may be cross-classified by sex or other related variables.

    See also Ancestry (ANCP), Country of birth of person (BPLP), Country of birth of parents (BPPP), Indigenous status (INGP), Language used at home (LANP), Proficiency in spoken English (ENGLP), Religious affiliation (RELP) and Year of arrival in Australia (YARP).

    F

    Family

    A family is defined by the ABS as two or more people, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption, step or fostering, and who are usually resident in the same household.

    Each separately identified couple relationship, lone parent-child relationship or other blood relationship forms the basis of a family. Some households contain more than one family. Non-related people living in the same household are not counted as family members (unless under 15 years of age).

    Other related individuals (brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles) may be present in the household. If more than one family is present these people can only be associated with the primary family.

    Visiting families are not included as part of the household, and the relationships of other visitors are not coded. A household containing only a visiting family (e.g. a family at a holiday home) is coded to a household type of visitors only.

    Where all people present are aged under 15 years, or where information for each person has been imputed, the household is deemed not classifiable to a family. Of people listed as temporarily absent, only spouse(s) and family children are used in coding family composition.

    For further information on families and grandparent families, see Understanding Family composition and Grandparent families

    Family variables: The basic family classification is Family composition (FMCF). When classifying families, information about temporarily absent family members is used. Other family variables available are:

    • Count of all children in family (CACF)
    • Count of children aged under 15 temporarily absent (CDCAF)
    • Count of dependent children in family (CDCF)
    • Count of dependent children under 15 (CDCUF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) (CDSF)
    • Count of dependent students (15-24 years) temporarily absent (CDSAF)
    • Count of non-dependent children in family (CNDCF)
    • Count of non-dependent children temporarily absent (CNDAF)
    • Count of persons in family (CPRF)
    • Count of persons temporarily absent from family (CPAF)
    • Family household composition (HCFMF)
    • Grandparent families (FMGF)
    • Labour force status of parents/partners in families (LFSF)
    • Location of spouse (SPLF)
    • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family indicator (INGF)
    • Spouse/partner indicator (SPIP)
    • Same-sex couple indicator (SSCF)

    See also Child, Family blending (FBLF), Family composition (FMCF), Family/household reference person indicator (RPIP) and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    First generation Australians

    First generation Australians are people living in Australia who were born overseas. 

    See also Country of birth of person (BPLP) and Understanding migrant statistics in the Census and other data sources.

    Foster child

    The term 'foster child' generally refers to a child being raised by an unrelated family in the absence of any natural, adoptive or step parent(s).

    In practice, a person is coded to foster child if the response 'foster' is given for that person, regardless of the individual's dependency status.

    The variables Child type (CTPP) and Relationship in household (RLHP) have foster child categories.

    See also Child and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    G

    Geography

    The Census provides a range of data over different areas and geography levels. The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) defines all the geographies used by the ABS for release of data. Each geography has its own name, boundaries, and purpose. 

    For more information and definitions on the geographies used in the 2021 Census, see Understanding Census Geography.

    See also Special purpose codes.

    Government benefits, pensions and allowances

    Government benefits, pensions and allowances are income support payments from government to persons under the social security and related government programs. Included are pensions and allowances received by aged, disabled, unemployed and sick persons, carers, families and children, veterans or their survivors, and study allowances for students. All overseas pensions and benefits are considered income if they are being received when the person completed the Census. Family tax benefit is also regarded as income.

    The calculation of total income includes any pensions or benefits received.

    See also Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    Group household

    The ABS defines a group household as a household consisting of two or more unrelated people where all people are aged 15 years and over. There are no reported couple relationships, parent-child relationships or other blood relationships in these households.

    An unrelated child (e.g. boarder) under the age of 15 who lives in a household with one or more usual residents, is coded as forming a parent-child relationship within that household. These households become family households, not group households.

    Group households are classified in the variable Household composition (HHCD), and individual members are classified in Relationship in household (RLHP).

    See also Child, Family and Household.

    H

    Homelessness enumeration

    Everyone in Australia at Census time needs to be counted in the Census, excluding foreign diplomats and their families, no matter where they may be sleeping on Census Night. To achieve this, the ABS has developed a strategy to obtain the best possible enumeration of people, no matter where they sleep. Some aspects of this strategy include liaising with service providers and engaging specialised field staff to count people sleeping rough on a special interview based form, and providing the ability for people to respond to the usual residence question as 'none' if they have no usual residence. 

    See also Estimates of homelessness based on the 2021 Census, Dwelling structure (STRD), Improvised home, Special short form and Usual residence.

    Hotdecking

    The primary imputation method used for the Census is known as 'hotdecking'. Other imputation processes use probability methods. In general the hotdecking method involves locating a donor record and copying the relevant responses to the record requiring imputation. The donor record will have similar characteristics and must also have the required variable(s) stated. In addition the donor record will be located geographically as close as possible to the location of the record to be imputed. The match must occur within the same Capital City or Balance of State.

    The methodology for imputation is tailored to two situations. Firstly, where no Census form has been returned and secondly where a partially completed form was returned.

    No Census form returned - private dwelling: Where a private dwelling was identified as occupied on Census Night but a Census form was not returned, the number of males and females normally in the dwelling and their key demographic variables require imputation. In these cases, the non-demographic variables are set to 'Not stated' or 'Not applicable'.

    For dwellings where the number of males and females is unknown, two imputation processes are performed. Initially, these records have their number of males and females imputed using hotdecking. Then a second imputation (also using hotdecking) is run to impute the key demographic variables for the newly created person records.

    To hotdeck the number of males and females, the donor records must meet several conditions:

    • they must be occupied private dwellings where a form was returned and contain a maximum of 6 persons
    • they must have a similar Dwelling Structure (STRD) and Dwelling Location (DLOD) to the record to be imputed
    • they must be located geographically as close as possible to the location of the record to be imputed

    The number of males and females are the only data copied from the donor record in the first hotdecking process.

    In the next process, the records which have just had their number of males and females imputed, are subjected to the same hotdecking process as those records where the number of males and females had been ascertained.

    This hotdecking process imputes the key demographic variables. Again the donor records must meet several conditions:

    • they must be records where everyone within the dwelling provided all their demographic characteristics
    • they must have similar Dwelling Structure (STRD) and Dwelling Location (DLOD)
    • they must have identical counts of males and females and
    • they must be located geographically as close as possible to the location of the record to be imputed.

    The key demographic variables are then copied from the donor records to the records requiring imputation

    No Census form returned - Non private dwelling: Where a person in a non-private dwelling did not return a form, their demographic characteristics are copied from another person in a similar non-private dwelling using Type of non-private dwelling (NPDD).

    Census form returned: Where a form was returned, some or all of the demographic characteristics may require imputation. Characteristics are imputed using a combination of hotdecking and probability techniques.

    See also Derivation and Imputation.

    Household

    A household is defined as one or more people, at least one of whom is at least 15 years of age, usually resident in the same private dwelling.

    For Census purposes, the total number of households is equal to the total number of occupied private dwellings as a Census form is completed for each household from which dwelling information for the household is obtained.

    See also Family, Group household, Household composition (HHCD), Indigenous household indicator (INGDWTD), Lone person household, Relationship between families (FRLF) and Tenure type (TEND).

    Household form

    The Census household form (online or paper) is the primary means for collecting Census data and is used in all private dwellings. The household form records details about the dwelling and characteristics of people in the dwelling. It records details of up to six people on the paper form and up to 25 people on the online form. Extra forms are used if there are more people than this.

    To view a PDF version of the Census household form, see Sample copies of the 2021 Census paper forms.

    See also Interviewer household formPersonal formSpecial short form and Form type (FTCP).

    I

    Improvised home

    These include sheds, tents, humpies and other improvised dwellings, occupied on Census Night. This category also includes people sleeping rough, such as those sleeping on the streets, in abandoned buildings, under bridges or in cars.  

    See also Homelessness enumeration and Dwelling structure (STRD).

    Imputation

    Imputation is a statistical process for predicting values where no response was provided to a question and a response could not be derived. In the Census, we impute key demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, and usual residence) where no Census form is returned or when a respondent does not respond to one of these questions.

    Where a private dwelling is identified as occupied on Census Night but a Census form has not been returned, people are imputed into that dwelling - both the number of people and their key demographic characteristics.

    If a person in a non-private dwelling did not return a form, their demographic characteristics are imputed from people in similar non-private dwellings.

    Where a person responds to the Census but does not answer the age, sex, marital status or usual residence questions, values are imputed using other information on the form as well as the distribution of these data items in the responding population. 

    Imputation flag variables enable users of Census data to quantify the number of imputed records, for applicable data items, in a given population.

    For more information on imputation see the 2021 Census methodology.

    See also Derivation, Non-response and Hotdecking.

    Industry

    An Industry refers to individual businesses carrying out similar productive activities that can be grouped together. Individual business entities are assigned to an industry based on the predominant activity identified on the Census form. Industry data is coded to the Australian and New Zealand Standards Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 2.0). 

    See also Australian and New Zealand Standards Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), and Industry of employment (INDP). 

    Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)

    2021 Census data was processed using Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) technology for the paper forms. Specialised computer software is used to interpret the handwriting on images taken of each page of the Census form. Once recognised, answers to Census questions were coded to the appropriate category of the relevant classification, for example Religion, Occupation, etc.

    See also Data processing.

    Internal migration

    Internal migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary within Australia for the purpose of changing their place of usual residence. Information on internal migration within Australia is available from the Census.

    The Census asks a series of questions relating to each person's usual address which can be used to identify the change of address of people for one year prior to the Census data, and for five years prior to the Census date. Data collected in the Census only reflect movements which coincide with these particular points in time in the intercensal period (i.e. one year ago and five years ago), even though there may have been multiple movements during this period.

    Household mobility indicators are also derived using this information. Note that persons temporarily absent, visitors, and households containing only visitors, are excluded from these variables. 

    See also Household one year mobility indicator (MV1D), Household five year mobility indicator (MV5D), Place of usual residence one year ago (PUR1P), Place of usual residence five years ago (PUR5P),  Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP), Usual address one year ago indicator (UAI1P), Usual address five years ago indicator (UAI5P), and Usual residence.

    Interviewer household form

    The Interviewer household form is used in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (and areas where language differences or other factors make use of the standard self-enumeration forms impractical). The Interviewer household form is an interview based Census form which is used to record the details of up to 12 people in a household, and some dwelling data. If there are more than 12 people in a dwelling, additional Interviewer household forms are used.

    To view a PDF version of the Interviewer household form, see Sample copies of the 2021 Census paper forms.

    See also Form type (FTCP).

    Introduced random error/perturbation

    Under the Census and Statistics Act 1905 it is an offence to release any information collected under the Act that is likely to enable identification of any particular individual or organisation. To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, a technique has been developed to randomly adjust values. Random adjustment of the data, known as random error or perturbation, is considered to be the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable data while maximising the range of information that can be released. To learn more, see the 2021 Census methodology on Introduced random error/perturbation.  

    See also Confidentiality.

    J

    Job

    The Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), Version 1.3 defines a job as a set of tasks performed by one individual. An occupation is a collection of jobs that are sufficiently similar in their main tasks to be grouped together for the classification.

    See also Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), Labour force status (LFSP) and Occupation (OCCP).

    L

    Labour force

    For Census purposes, the labour force includes people aged 15 years and over who:

    • work for payment or profit, or as an unpaid helper in a family business, during the week prior to Census Night
    • have a job from which they are on leave or otherwise temporarily absent
    • are on strike or stood down temporarily
    •  do not have a job but are actively looking for work and available to start work.

    The following people are classified as being in the labour force:

    • employed people (i.e. the first three groups above)
    • unemployed people (i.e. the last group above).

    People aged 15 years and over who are neither employed nor unemployed are classified as not in the labour force. This includes people who are retired, pensioners and people engaged solely in home duties (unpaid).

    See also and Comparing the 2021 Census and the Labour Force Survey Labour force status (LFSP).

    Lockdown

    On Census day and the week preceding it, a number of regions across the country were in various stages of lockdown or experiencing other restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This may have affected the way people responded to the Census form, particularly where there were changes to the person's employment circumstances. Examples of the changes seen in the data included how people travelled to their place of work; how many people worked from home; and a greater number of people being temporarily stood down in the week before the Census. Guidance on how to correctly respond to the relevant questions was provided at the time on the Census website and within the Census online form.

    See also the data use consideration sections in the variables in Income and Work and Transport.

    Information on how the Census was run during COVID-19 is here

    Lone parent

    A lone parent is a person who has no spouse or partner usually resident in the household, and who forms a parent-child relationship with at least one child usually resident in the household. The child may be either dependent or non-dependent.

    See also Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Lone person household

    A private dwelling, with only one person aged 15 years or over, is classified as a lone person household.

    See also Household composition (HHCD). 

    Long-term health condition(s)

    Long-term health conditions are diagnosed by a doctor or nurse, last six months or longer and include health conditions that:

    • May recur from time to time, or
    • Are controlled by medication, or
    • Are in remission

    See also Comparing ABS long-term health conditions data sources, Long-term health conditions and Type of long-term health condition (LTHP).

    M

    Manufactured home estates

    Manufactured home estates are land or estates developed specifically for manufactured homes, and on which manufactured homes are installed, or are to be installed.

    A manufactured home is a self-contained dwelling that is built off-site and then transported to the estate for installation. This includes any associated structures that form part of the dwelling.

    Within the development there must be reticulated water, sewerage, drainage and electricity connected to each lot. There must also be some form of community facilities and transport services available, and reasonable access to medical care, recreational facilities, etc.

    This category of the variable Dwelling location (DLOD) specifically excludes all retirement villages.

    See also Dwelling, Dwelling location (DLOD) and Dwelling type (DWTD).

    Marital status

    There are two variables that may be used to identify a person's marital status: Registered marital status (MSTP) and Social marital status (MDCP).

    Registered marital status (MSTP) reports responses to the question 'What is the person's current marital status?' and refers to the legal status of the person, and not necessarily their current living arrangement.

    Social marital status (MDCP) reports responses to two questions: 'What is the person's relationship to Person 1/Person 2?' and 'What is the person’s current marital status?'. This variable records a person's relationship status based on their current living arrangements. It identifies whether they form a couple relationship with another person living in the same usual residence, and the nature of that relationship.

    See also Registered marital status (MSTP), Social marital status (MDCP) and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Median income

    Median income is the level of income which divides the units in a group into two equal parts, one half having incomes above the median and the other half having incomes below the median. Medians have been estimated for each income range using data from the Survey of Income and Housing.

    For information on how medians are used in the derivation of Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    See also Household income derivation indicator (HIDD),Total family income (weekly) (FINF), Total household income (weekly) (HIND) and Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    Mnemonics

    Mnemonics are a shorthand method of describing Census variables when specifying output requirements. Each variable relates to either a dwelling (or household), family or person. The last character of the mnemonic (D, F or P) indicates the unit to which the classification relates. For example, AGEP is the mnemonic for the person level variable, Age. The default order of the variable index in this dictionary is alphabetic order by mnemonic.

    Multiple family households

    For the 2021 Census, a maximum of three families can be identified in one household. In cases where more than three families are identified in a household, the first three families are coded and other persons are classified as either related family members of the primary family or non-family members.

    Relevant variables are Family composition (FMCF), Family number (FNOF) and Relationship between families (FRLF).

    See also Family and Household.

    N

    Name

    The collection of names and addresses in the Census is a critical part of ensuring the quality and value of the Census.

    Names are collected in the Census for many reasons, including: 

    • Making it easier for the person completing the form to provide the right information for each person in the household
    • Enabling high quality data linking for important research for projects, such as enabling more accurate estimation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander life expectancy: Indigenous Mortality Project
    • Enabling the Post Census Review (also known as the post enumeration survey) to assess the quality of Census data. The Post Census Review is a short survey run in the month after the Census to determine how many people were missed or counted more than once, and to independently assess completeness of the Census.

    Following a consultation process and Privacy Impact Assessment the ABS made the decision to retain names for up to 18 months and addresses for up to 36 months. The names will be used to generate anonymised keys that can be used to combine existing data sets to create richer and more valuable statistics for Australians.

    See also Confidentiality, Name and address retention and Census time capsule.

    Name and address retention

    After the Census has been conducted and forms have been processed, the ABS will separate names and addresses from other information on the Census form (e.g. age, sex, occupation, level of education or income). The names and addresses are then stored securely and separately from other Census data and no one is ever able to view your name or address with your other Census data. This practice is known as the Separation Principle

    The ABS will retain names for up to 18 months and addresses for up to 36 months.

    See also Address, Census time capsule, Confidentiality and Name.

    Name of employer

    For each employed person, their employer's business name and address is requested on the Census form. This information is used to assist in classifying the employed person's Industry of employment (INDP).

    See also Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), Confidentiality, Industry of employment (INDP) and Industry.

    Negative income

    Negative income occurs when the operating expenses are higher than the gross receipts (or revenue) of a self-employed person, business or a rental property. A person has negative income if these losses are greater than any income, benefits or allowances received from other sources.

    See also Total personal income (weekly) (INCP).

    Nominal child

    A nominal child is any individual under 15 years of age who does not have a parent usually resident in the household but is instead assigned to a nominal parent from among other household members. Such children may be related to the nominal parent (e.g. as a nephew or niece) or not be related at all. Allocation of a nominal parent to a nominal child is determined by the application of certain coding rules. For more information refer to the Family, household and income variables, 2014.

    See also Child and Family composition (FMCF).

    Non-binary sex

    Non-binary sex was the third response category to the sex question in the 2021 Census. The inclusion of this third category was to allow respondents to participate in the Census when the male and female sex categories did not accurately describe their sex.

    See also Non-binary sex in the 2021 Census and Analysis of non-binary sex responses.

    Non-family member

    A person for whom there is no identified couple relationship, parent-child relationship, or other blood relationship with any of the other usual residents of the household. They may live within a family household, or they may form a non-family household either as a lone person or a group household.

    A non-family member is a person who is either:

    • a lone person
    • a group household member or
    • an unrelated individual living in a family household.

    See also Dwelling, Household, Relationship in household (RLHP), Visitors to a household and Visitors to Australia.

    Non-response

    Non-response refers to the situation where a response to one or more questions (items) on the form was not answered.

    Item non-response occurs:

    • where a household or person returns a form but does not answer one or more questions
    • where a household or person does not respond to the Census at all.

    For the key demographic variables (sex, age, marital status and usual residence) we impute values where non-response occurs. The corresponding imputation flags for these variables indicate if the item was imputed.

    Where non-responding persons have been imputed, the remaining questions are either set to 'item non-response' or 'not applicable', depending on the imputed age of the person.

    For detailed information on non-response, see 2021 Census methodology.

    See also Derivation and Imputation.

    Not in the labour force

    Persons not in the labour force are those people who, during the week prior to Census Night, were neither employed nor unemployed. They include people who were performing unpaid home duties, caring for children, retired, voluntarily inactive, permanently unable to work, in jail, trainee teachers, members of contemplative religious orders, and people whose only activity during the week prior to Census Night was jury service or unpaid voluntary work for a charitable organisation.

    See also Labour force and Labour force status (LFSP).

    O

    One-parent family

    A one-parent family consists of a lone parent with at least one child (regardless of age) who is also usually resident in the household and who has no identified partner or child of their own. The family may also include any number of other related individuals.

    Examples of one parent families include: a 25-year-old parent with dependent children; and an 80-year-old living with a 50-year-old child.

    Information on people who are temporarily absent is used in family coding to differentiate between lone person households and one parent families (if child was temporarily absent) or between one parent and couple families (if a spouse was temporarily absent).

    See also Child, Family, Lone parent, Relationship in household (RLHP) and Temporarily absent.

    Or equivalent level of education

    The term "or equivalent" can include:

    • other terms used to describe years of schooling in Australia, which may have changed over time, as well as school level education undertaken at other institutions (e.g. TAFE)
    • Year 12 equivalents can include: year 13, 6th form, Higher School Certificate and matriculation
    • Year 10 equivalents can include: 4th form
    • overseas qualifications comparable to Australian levels of schooling, for example the German Abitur is equivalent to year 12 in Australia

    The International Baccalaureate is equivalent to year 12 in Australia.

    Certificate level qualifications (e.g. Certificate I-IV) attained while studying at school are non-school qualifications and are not equivalent to school level qualifications (e.g. Year 12).

    For information about how school and non-school qualifications are treated when determining highest educational attainment, see Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP).

    Other family

    Other family is defined as a group of related individuals residing in the same household, who cannot be categorised as belonging to a couple or one parent family.

    If two brothers, for example, are living together and neither is a spouse or partner, a lone parent or a child, then they are classified as an other family. However, if the two brothers share the household with the daughter of one of the brothers and her husband, then both brothers are classified as other related individuals and are attached to the couple family.

    See also Couple family, Family, Family composition (FMCF), One-parent family and Other related individual.

    Other related individual

    An individual who is related to at least one other member of the household, but who does not form an identified couple relationship or parent-child relationship according to the priority rules of family coding. They can be related through blood, step or in-law relationship and include any direct ancestor or descendant. Relatives beyond first cousin are excluded.

    Other related individuals are attached to an existing family nucleus formed by a couple relationship or parent-child relationship. If no such nucleus exists but individuals in a household are related to each other (see list below) they form an 'Other family' in the Family composition (FMCF) classification.

    The Relationship in household (RLHP) variable is used to identify other related individuals. The following is a list of relationships used to define an other related individual:
    son in-law, daughter in-law, grandmother, step grandmother, grandmother in-law, grandfather, step grandfather, grandfather in-law, granddaughter, step granddaughter, granddaughter in-law, grandson, step grandson, grandson in-law, sister, step sister, half-sister, sister in-law, brother, step brother, half brother, brother in-law, aunt, step aunt, aunt in-law, uncle, step uncle, uncle in-law, nephew, step nephew, nephew in-law, niece, step niece, niece in-law, cousin, step cousin, cousin in-law.

    See also Family, Other family, Family composition (FMCF) and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Overcount

    An overcount is when a person was counted more than once, or in error in the Census.

    Some reasons why people may have been overcounted include:

    • they were included on the Census form at the dwelling where they usually live, even though they stayed and were counted elsewhere on Census Night
    • they have multiple usual residences
    • they moved during the Census period and completed forms at both their previous and new address
    • they were overseas on Census Night and were included on a Census form.

    See also Undercount and/or underenumeration, 2021 Census overcount and undercount and Post Census Review (PCR).

    Overseas born

    For the 2021 Census, people are classified as overseas born if:

    • they were born in a country other than Australia
    • they were born at sea
    • their response was classified 'Inadequately described'
    • their response was classified 'Not elsewhere classified'.

    Australia in this definition is as set out in section 2B of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, and for the 2021 Census includes the states and territories and the other territories of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Jervis Bay Territory and Norfolk Island. It excludes the other Australian external territories (Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard and McDonald Islands, Ashmore and Cartier Islands and the Coral Sea Territory).

    See also Country of birth of person (BPLP) and Understanding Migrant statistics in the Census and other data sources.

    Owner managers

    An owner manager is a person who works in their own business, with or without employees, whether or not the business is of limited liability.

    See also Labour force status (LFSP), Status in employment (SIEMP) and Number of employees (EMPP).

    P

    Parent

    A parent is a natural, adoptive, step, foster mother or father of a child, or a person who is assigned as a nominal parent. This person must be usually resident in the same household as the child.

    See also Child, Family, Family composition (FMCF), Nominal child and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Parent-child relationship

    The existence of a parent-child relationship is one of the foundations on which separate families and particular family composition categories are identified. It only refers to relationships between people usually resident in the same household. It includes relationships in which people actually report a parent-child relationship on the Census form (including being an adopted child or a foster child of an adult), as well as some designated relationships (i.e. for children aged less than 15 years who do not otherwise have a parent in the household, in which case a nominal parent/child relationship is established).

    An individual may be both a parent and a child of other people in the household. For example, a person could live with their father or mother and have a child of their own. If a child in a household is also identified as being a parent, then precedence is given to the person's role as a parent for family composition coding purposes.

    See also Child, Family, Family composition (FMCF), Number of children ever born (TISP) and Parent.

    Partner

    A person identified as being in a couple relationship with another person usually resident in the same household is a partner. The couple relationship is established through reporting of either a registered or de facto marriage and includes same-sex couples.

    See also Marital status and Same-sex couple.

    Part-time work

    A person is considered to be working part-time if they worked less than 35 hours in all jobs during the week prior to Census night. This is consistent with the definition of employed part-time in the Labour Force, Australia publication.

    See also Labour force status (LFSP) and Hours worked (HRSP).

    Personal form

    The Census personal form (online or paper) records details for one person only. It contains the same questions as the Census household form but excludes the questions related to the dwelling. It is used for people staying in a non-private dwelling such as a hotel, motel, hostel, or nursing home. It may also be used when a private dwelling requests an additional form (e.g. large households or if an individual wants to keep their responses private) and the household has already completed a household form.

    To view a PDF version of the Census personal form, see Sample copies of the 2021 Census paper forms.

    See also Household form and Form type (FTCP).

    Place of enumeration

    The place of enumeration is the place at which the person is counted on Census Night, which may not be where they usually live.

    The population count for place of enumeration is a count of every person, who spends Census Night in Australia, based on where the person is counted. It includes people on board vessels in or between Australian ports, or on long-distance trains, buses, or aircraft. This count is also known as a de facto population count.

    People entering Australia from overseas before midnight on Census Night are counted where they stayed on Census Night. Visitors to Australia are counted regardless of how long they have been in the country or how long they plan to stay. Australian residents in Antarctica are also within the scope of the Census.

    People leaving an Australian port for an overseas destination before midnight on Census Night are not counted in the Census. Australian residents out of the country on Census Night, and overseas diplomatic personnel and their families in Australia are out of the scope of the Census.

    This type of count provides a snapshot of the population in any given area. Although the Census is timed to attempt to capture the typical situation, holiday resort areas, such as the Gold Coast and snow fields, may show a large enumeration count compared with the usual residence count.

    See also Comparing Place of enumeration with Place of usual residence and Place of usual residence (PURP).

    Post Census Review (PCR)

    Since the 1966 Census, each Census has been followed by a Post Census Review Survey (PCR), conducted by specially trained interviewers. This is also known as a Post Enumeration Survey (PES). A sample of over 40,000 private dwellings is collected in the survey from all states and territories.

    The main purpose of the PCR is to measure the extent of undercount and overcount in the Census. This is achieved by asking respondents where they were on Census night, and whether they were or might have been included on a Census form. At each of these addresses, their personal information is matched to any corresponding Census forms for these addresses to determine whether a person was counted, was counted more than once, or was not counted at all.

    Results obtained in the PCR are used to adjust Census counts in the calculation of Estimated Resident Population (ERP) figures for Australia. The results also provide an assessment of the coverage of the Census and are used to inform improvements for future censuses.

    See also Estimated Resident Population (ERP) and Undercount and/or underenumeration.

    Post Enumeration Survey (PES)

    The Post Enumeration Survey (PES), also known as the Post Census Review Survey (PCR), is a measure of the extent of undercount and overcount in the Census.

    For more information, see Post Census Review (PCR).

    See also Estimated Resident Population (ERP) and Undercount and/or underenumeration.

    R

    Recodes and user defined fields

    If the tables available in standard Census products do not meet a user's needs, then user defined customised tables can be created. Customised tables often require the use of recodes, tailored to the user's requirements. Recodes re-group fields in a classification. More complex user defined fields are new fields that can be created based on conditions applied to existing fields. User defined fields can be created from two or more fields in a database or can consist of mathematical functions.

    A recode example:

    Standard Labour force status classification
    1 Employed, worked full-time
    2 Employed, worked part-time
    3 Employed, away from work
    4 Unemployed, looking for full-time work
    5 Unemployed, looking for part-time work
    6 Not in the labour force
    & Not stated
    @ Not applicable
    V Overseas visitor

    Recoded Labour Force Classification

    1 Employed
    2 Unemployed
    3 Not in the labour force
    & Not stated

    Explanation:
    The recoded Labour Force Classification was recoded by:

    • Grouping all employed persons (codes 1, 2 and 3) to be one item called Employed
    • Grouping unemployed persons (codes 4 and 5) to be one item called Unemployed
    • Including Not in the labour force (code 6) and Not stated (code &) as single items
    • Excluding Not applicable and Overseas visitors from the recode.

    This recode can now be used with other standard or recoded classifications.

    A User Defined Field example:

    • Selecting Registered Nurse from the Occupation classification 
    • Creating a recode for age by grouping ages 25-40.

    These two selections can be combined using a User Defined Field function and labelling this as 'Registered Nurses aged 25-40 years'. This could then be used in creating a variety of tables about this group.

    Reference person/Person 1

    A reference person is usually Person 1 on the Census form and forms the basis of a statistical family. Other household members are linked to the reference person to build the relationships within the household. Sometimes we need to allocate the reference person to a different household member to preserve the data quality of the relationship or family. 

    The reference person must be:

    • at least 15 years of age
    • a usual resident of the household
    • at home on Census Night.

    See also Understanding Family composition and Grandparent families.

    Response rate

    Dwellings, people, and item response rates are internationally recognised measures that indicate the quality of Census data. Response rates give an overall indication of the number of responses to the Census, while item response rates are an indicator of a response to specific questions. For more information on response rates and item response, please see Census form and Understanding data quality

    The dwelling response rate measures the number of private dwellings that returned a completed Census form, as a proportion of all private dwellings believed to be occupied on Census Night. 

    The person response rate measures how many people are included on a returned Census form as a proportion of all people (responding and non-responding) in Australia on Census Night.
     
    See also 2021 Census methodology.

    S

    Same-sex couple

    Two persons of the same sex who report a de facto or married partnership in the relationship question, and who are usually resident in the same household, are a same-sex couple.

    See also Marital status, Relationship as reported for couples (RLCP) and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Second generation Australians

    Second generation Australians are Australian-born people living in Australia, with at least one parent born overseas. 

    See also Country of birth of person (BPLP), Country of birth of parents (BPPP), Understanding Migrant statistics in the Census and other data sources and Understanding and using Ancestry data.

    Self-enumeration

    Self-enumeration is the term used to describe the way Census data is collected. The Census forms are generally completed by householders (or individuals in non-private dwellings) rather than by interviewers, although interviewers are available in some areas.

    Socio-Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA)

    Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) is an ABS product that ranks areas in Australia according to relative socio-economic advantage and disadvantage. The indexes are based on information from the Census.

    SEIFA consists of four indexes: the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD); the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD); the Index of Education and Occupation (IEO); the Index of Economic Resources (IER).

    Each index is a summary of a different subset of Census variables and focuses on a different aspect of socio-economic advantage and disadvantage.

    Special purpose codes

    Special purpose codes allow address data to be coded to a non-spatial value. This occurs where there is insufficient information to code to a physical geographic area. For example, responses with no fixed address or instances of incomplete location information.

    Special purpose codes have been created for each hierarchical level within the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Main Structure. These codes are not spatial. They do not have a region associated with them in the various ASGS digital boundary sets.

    In the Main Structure, special purpose codes relate to States/Territories, SA4s, SA3s, SA2s and SA1s. They are also included in other ASGS areas such as Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA) and in Non-ABS structures.

    For more information, refer to the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

    Special short form

    The Special short form is used in most areas of Australia to enumerate people who are sleeping rough. It is in paper format only and field staff use it to interview this population group. It records details for one person only and contains a small subset (10) of the same questions as the Census household form.

    To view a PDF version of the Special Short form, see Sample copies of the 2021 Census paper forms.

    See also, Homelessness enumerationHousehold form and Improvised home.

    Step child

    In a couple family, a step child is a child who is either the natural child of one partner but not of the other, or who was reported as being the step child of both parents. As a consequence of relationship breakdown or the death of a spouse, some one parent families may also have children reported as step children.

    In practice, a person is considered a step child if the response 'step' is given for that person, regardless of the individual's dependency status.

    See also Child, Child type (CTPP) and Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Supplementary codes

    Most variables in the Census Dictionary have supplementary codes and categories. We use supplementary codes to code responses that do not fit into the main categories.

    They include:

    • Not stated
    • Not applicable
    • Overseas visitor
    • Inadequately described
    • So described
    • Not further defined (nfd)
    • Not elsewhere classified (nec)

    For further explanation of the supplementary codes, see Understanding supplementary codes in Census variables.

    T

    Temporarily absent

    The Census form seeks information about people who usually reside in a dwelling but who are temporarily absent on Census Night. Coders use the following temporary absentees in determining household and family classifications:

    • partners
    • children
    • co-tenants or unrelated flatmates (used to classify group households).

    The only information gathered on temporarily absent persons are name, sex, age, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin, person's relationship in household and whether the person is a full-time student. This information is used to assist in family coding. All other information for persons temporarily absent and in Australia on Census Night, should have been obtained at their place of enumeration. However, this information is not able to be related back to this dwelling.

    See also Child, HouseholdPartner and Persons temporarily absent.

    Third-plus generation Australians

    Third-plus generation Australians are Australian-born people whose parents were both born in Australia. One or more of their grandparents may have been born overseas or they may have several generations of ancestors born in Australia. 

    See also Country of birth of person (BPLP), Country of birth of parents (BPPP), Understanding Migrant statistics in the Census and other data sources and Understanding and using Ancestry data.

    U

    Undercount and/or underenumeration

    Although extensive efforts are made to contact all occupied dwellings and count all unoccupied private dwellings in the Census, locating and contacting them all is not possible. Some dwellings may not be identified. For example, flats above or behind shops or attached to private dwellings may not be included in the Census. Analysis of the undercount in previous censuses has shown that people away from their usual residence on Census Night (for example, travelling, camping, staying in a non-private dwelling, or visiting friends) are more likely to be missed than people at home on Census Night.

    Even when a household is contacted, undercount is possible if not all members of the household can be included on the form (six people can be recorded on the paper form and 25 on the online form), and no extra online or paper forms are obtained. Undercount is also possible if the household, or a member of the household, fails to complete a Census form.

    A measure of the extent of underenumeration is obtained from the Post Census Review (PCR) (also known as the Post Enumeration Survey (PES)). The official population estimates produced by the ABS take into account the results of the PCR. However, the Census counts are not adjusted.

    See also 2021 Census overcount and undercountEstimated Resident Population (ERP) and Post Census Review (PCR).

    Unemployed

    Unemployed persons are defined as all those of working age who:

    • were not in employment
    • carried out activities to seek employment during a specified recent period
    • were currently available to take up employment given a job opportunity.

    Unit record file

    The unit record file (URF) is a sequence of records held on computer files. It holds coded data for all the person, family and dwelling characteristics in each Statistical area level 1 (SA1) as collected in the Census. It is the original source of all Census products. It excludes records for persons listed as temporarily absent, as their details will have been recorded at their place of enumeration on Census Night (if they were not overseas).

    Census data are stored in a hierarchy of records for each dwelling. Each dwelling may contain a number of family records. Each of these, in turn, may contain a number of person records. When using household or family data it is necessary to recognise these three levels and understand the concepts at each level.

    The three levels are indicated by the last character in the mnemonic for each variable. Dwelling level variables are indicated by D, family level by F, and person level by P.

    The URF is held under strict security and is only accessible by certain ABS officers.

    See also Data processing and Mnemonics.

    Unrelated individual living in a family household

    A person who lives in a family household, but who is not related to any person in any of the families in the household.

    See also Relationship in household (RLHP).

    Usual residence

    Usual residence data provides information on the usually resident population of an area, and on the internal migration patterns at the state and regional levels. The 2021 Census has three questions on usual residence that ask where the person usually lives on Census Night, and where the person usually lived one year ago and five years ago. Usual address information is used to code usual residence. Population measures based on place of usual residence are also referred to as the de jure population.

    See also Comparing Place of enumeration with Place of Usual Residence, Place of usual residence (PURP), Usual address indicator Census night (UAICP), Temporarily absent and Visitors to a household.

    V

    Visitors to a household

    A visitor to a household is anyone who does not usually live in the household in which they were enumerated on Census Night. Characteristics of individual visitors to a household are available at the household of enumeration.

    The relationship of visitors to one another, or to any resident (including cases where all the people enumerated are visitors) is not further classified.

    Households containing only visitors are excluded from family variables, and the internal migration variables.

    See also Family, Household, Internal migration, Place of enumeration and Usual residence.

    Visitors to Australia

    The question on the Census form, 'Where does the person usually live?' allows the identification of people who are usually resident in another country. These overseas visitors are identified as a separate category (coded as V) for all applicable variables.

    For the 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021 censuses, overseas visitors were those people who indicated they would be usually resident in Australia for less than a year.

    Since the 1996 Census, overseas visitors have been separately categorised in standard tabulations, with the exception of Age (AGEP), Sex (SEXP) and Registered marital status (MSTP) tabulations.

    Overseas visitors can be identified for AGEP, SEXP, and MSTP by cross-classifying with a variable which contains a separate overseas visitor category.

    See also Place of enumeration and Place of usual residence (PURP).

    W

    Working population

    The working population consists of all people who were employed in the week prior to Census night.

    See also Labour force status (LFSP).

    Downloads

    2021 Census paper forms (available as PDF files) 

    2021 Census sample paper forms can be downloaded as PDF files.

    To download, see Sample copies of the 2021 Census paper forms.

    These forms include:

    • 2021 Census Household form
    • 2021 Census Personal form
    • 2021 Census Interviewer household form
    • 2021 Census Special short form

    2021 Census household paper form (available as Excel file)

    Download of the 2021 Census household paper form as an Excel spreadsheet.