Population

• Australia’s population was 27,801,023 people at 31 December 2025.
• The quarterly growth was 78,638 people (0.3%).
• The annual growth was 412,500 people (1.5%).
• Annual natural increase was 111,500 and net overseas migration was 301,000.

• At 30 June 2025, Australia’s population included 8.8 million people who were born overseas.
• The proportion of Australia's population born outside Australia was 32.0%.
• India, England, China, and New Zealand were the countries of birth with the largest populations.
• Those born in India recorded the largest increase since 2015.

• The capitals grew by 324,700 people (1.8%) in 2024–25.
• Capital city growth comprised overseas migration (258,100), natural increase (96,300) and internal migration (-29,800).
• Melbourne had the largest increase (105,000), Perth had the highest growth rate (2.4%).
• Regional Australia grew by 94,700 (1.1%).

• Net overseas migration was 306,000 in 2024-25, down from 429,000 a year earlier.
• Migrant arrivals decreased 14% to 568,000 from 661,000 arrivals a year earlier.
• The largest group of migrant arrivals was temporary students with 157,000 people.
• Migrant departures increased 13% to 263,000 from 232,000 departures a year earlier.

• Life expectancy at birth was 81.1 years for males and 85.1 years for females in 2022–2024, reflecting no change for either males or females from the previous year (2021–2023).
• Life expectancy was highest in the Australian Capital Territory for both males (82.0 years) and females (85.8 years).
• Life expectancy was lowest in the Northern Territory for both males (77.0 years) and females (80.7 years).

• There were 292,318 registered births in 2024, an increase of 1.9% (or 5,320 births) from 2023.
• The total fertility rate was 1.481 births per woman.
• Median age was 32.1 years for mothers and 33.9 years for fathers.

• There were 187,268 registered deaths in 2024, an increase of 4,137 since 2023.
• The standardised death rate decreased to 5.078 deaths, from 5.130 in 2023.
• Infant deaths increased by 46 deaths to 957.

• The median age for capital cities (36.9 years) was younger than the rest of Australia (42.0).
• The youngest capital was Darwin with a median age of 34.8 years, while Hobart was the oldest (39.3).
• Darwin was the only capital with more males than females.

• Australia's population has increased from 3.8 million in 1901 to 25.7 million in 2021.
• The urban population has increased from 58% of the total population in 1911 to 90% in 2021.
• Fertility has decreased from 3.1 births per woman in 1921 to 1.7 in 2021.
• Life expectancy at birth has increased by 26 years since the early 1900s.

• The number of households is projected to increase from 10.0 million in 2021 to between 13.3 and 13.9 million in 2046.
• The number of families is projected to increase from 7.2 million to between 9.5 and 9.7 million. 
• Living with a partner is projected to remain the most common living arrangement. 

• Australia's population in 2022 (26 million) is projected to reach between 34.3 and 45.9 million people by 2071.
• The current ten year average annual growth rate (1.4%) is projected to decline to between 0.2% and 0.9%.
• The median age (38.5 years) is projected to increase to between 43.8 and 47.6 years.

• The 2021 Census counted 25,422,788 people in Australia (excludes overseas visitors), an increase of 8.6 per cent since the 2016 Census.
• 49.3 per cent of the population were male with a median age of 37 years old.
• 50.7 per cent of the population were female with the median age of 39 years old.

• The Census net undercount was 0.7% (190,044 persons).
• The Northern Territory recorded the highest net undercount (6.0%) while the Australian Capital Territory recorded a net overcount (-0.6%).
• Males were more likely to be missed in the Census (1.3% net undercount) compared with females (0.2%).
• The net undercount for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 17.4%.

• 104,100 people moved interstate in the three months to the end of March 2021.
• 16,400 more people moved interstate compared with the March 2020 quarter.
• Capital cities had a net loss of 11,800 people from internal migration, the largest quarterly net loss on record.

For the year ending 30 June 2020:

• There were over 7.6 million migrants living in Australia
• 29.8% of Australia's population were born overseas
• Australia's population increased by 194,400 people due to net overseas migration
• 368,700 people moved interstate, a decrease of 8.7% from the previous year.

This product contains the digital boundaries for the Destination Zones (DZNs) used in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing