International Monetary Fund - Special Data Dissemination Standard, IMF

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1. Australia has taken a flexibility option on periodicity on these categories. Data for the Producer price indexes are disseminated quarterly while the Consumer price index changed from quarterly to monthly in November 2025.

2. The reference period is a specific week in the middle month of the quarter. SA₁ being May while SA₂ is November.

3. Data for General Government Operations (GGO) are from two different sources with different release dates. Revenue, expenses, net operating balance, net acquisition of non-financial assets and net lending/borrowing are drawn from data compiled on a Government Finance Statistics (GFS) basis covering all levels of government in Australia while the data on financing are drawn from data compiled on a System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93) basis. The quarterly GFS data are released approximately 2 months after the reference period while the quarterly financing data are released approximately 3 months after the reference period. When the reference period differs between the GFS and the national accounts data, the net errors and omissions in the GGO cannot be derived and will be shown as 'na', meaning it is not applicable.

4. The recognition of some material taxation revenue (e.g. Personal and company income tax) in GFS is based on the taxation liability method (TLM), where taxes are recognised the earlier of when an assessment of a tax liability is made, or a cash payment is received. This method is adopted in GFS as it currently provides more certainty in the recording of revenue and less possibility of material mis-statement. This recognition differs from the economic transactions method (ETM) used for the Australian national accounts that records taxation revenue when the associated economic activity has occurred.

5. Includes GFS depreciation for central government which is an accounting measure which does not align well with the Australian national accounts measure of consumption of fixed capital.

6. The Australian national accounts estimate may differ from the GFS estimate due to two issues. Firstly, the Australian national accounts estimate includes a measure of consumption of fixed capital that is an economic measure based on the expected economic life of an asset and current replacement costs, whereas the GFS estimate includes a measure of depreciation that is an accounting measure based on taxation guidelines for allowable depreciation and the original cost of the asset. Secondly, the Australian national accounts estimates include capitalised expenditure for intangible fixed assets which is recorded in the GFS as consumption expenditure.

7. Net lending derived from revenues and expenditures will differ from net lending derived from financing data because of different concepts, sources and methods employed. The net errors and omissions represent the difference between the net lending derived from GFS data and net lending derived from the national accounts data.

8. Financing of the change in net worth includes transactions and other economic flows.

9a. Net lending/borrowing plus other economic flows does not equal the change in net worth because net purchases of non-financial assets don’t impact net worth (change in net worth = net operating balance+OEF).

9b. The new Australian Accounting Standard, AASB 16 Leases (AASB 16), applied to all Australian Government entities from 1 July 2019. New non-financial assets and liabilities are recognised on the balance sheet that were previously accounted for as operating expenses. The implementation of AASB 16 has been reflected in the Australian Government General Government Sector Monthly Financial Statements from the December 2019 reporting period.

9c. Includes impacts resulting from the implementation of AASB 16. Disclosed as 'Other borrowing' prior to the December 2019 reporting period.

10. With the exception of Treasury Indexed Bonds which are valued at face value plus the capital accretion component.

11a. The RBA does not lend to the non-bank private sector and is not permitted to lend to banks, except in exceptional circumstances as lender of last-resort.

11b. Reserve money is obtained by summing “Australian notes on issue” and “Exchange Settlement Balances”, from the Reserve Bank’s Statement of Liabilities and Assets.

11c. The weekly series uses the RBA's total Australian dollar investments as a proxy, which overstates the true amount as it also includes claims on Australian Depository Institutions. More accurate data are disseminated in the Central Bank Survey with a lag of one month.

11d. From 6 April 2016 the series includes both domestic and foreign currency liabilities, but excludes any domestic currency liabilities arising from swap line activation. Liabilities arising from swap line activation are included in the Central Bank Survey, which is disseminated with a lag of one month.

12. Quarterly data are provided to the IMF by the RBA.

13. As of September quarter 2009, this data is provided on a BPM6 basis.

14. Official reserve assets data have been adjusted for securities sold under repurchase agreements. Weekly data on the RBA’s gross holdings of gold and foreign exchange assets are also published.  However, these data are not adjusted for securities sold under repurchase agreements, and do not include the reserve position in the IMF, loans to the IMF’s Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) and the portion of Australia’s SDRs that are not held on RBA’s balance sheet.

15. More detailed International Investment Position data, including gross assets and liabilities, are published in ABS cat. no. 5302.0.

16. Gross external debt as defined in External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. More detail on these data are provided via the External Debt link.

17. Spot rates of the AUD against 13 currencies, the SDR and on a trade-weighted basis are updated daily and can be found in the link provided in the 'Further Information' section.

18. Historical data on 1,3 and 6 month forward margins against the USD are available from the Reserve Bank on request. Enquiries can be directed to International Department on (02) 9551 8457. The margins are the representative buying and selling quotations as determined by the RBA. The margins take the form of basis points which may be added to the spot exchange rate to derive the indicative forward rate.