Topics

TableBuilder datasets are grouped into themed data series. You can subscribe to one or more data series in TableBuilder. When you subscribe to a data series, you and all members of your organisation can access all of the datasets within that data series. See How to access for more information, or email microdata.access@abs.gov.au to organise access to a data series for your organisation.

Datasets and reference periods in TableBuilder are listed below. For datasets in other systems see MicrodataDownload and DataLab, or all topics in Available microdata and TableBuilder.

Free Data Series

The below data series are available to TableBuilder users for free. These data series are licensed to registered organisations, whose users can then access them as part of their organisations licence. "Businesses in Australia" and "Census TableBuilder Basic" are available to all individual users for free, regardless of any organisation affiliation. For more information, see How to access. Please email microdata.access@abs.gov.au to organise access to a data series for your organisation.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, 2022-23	Collects information on the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.	Data items	18/03/2025
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, 2018-19	Collects information on the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.	Data items	26/03/2020
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, Core Content - Risk Factors and Selected Health Conditions, 2012-13	Collects information on the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.	Data items	28/07/2015
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, Detailed Conditions and Other Health Data, 2012-13	Collects information on the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.	Data items	28/08/2014
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2012-13	Provides key health indicators of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Demographic information includes education, employment, income, languages and household information. Nutrition and physical activity information includes sedentary behaviour, selected health conditions, biomedical information, health risk factors and food.	Data items	17/07/2015
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2014-15	Presents information on a range of demographic, social, environmental and economic characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including personal and household characteristics.	Data items	27/05/2016

Administrative Data Snapshot of Population and Housing

Administrative Data Snapshot 2021 (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Administrative Data Snapshot of Population and Housing, 2021	The Administrative data snapshot (ADS) is a Census-like snapshot of Australia's population and housing built from PLIDA and other administrative data.	Data items	19/12/2024

Australian Census Longitudinal Data

Australian Census Longitudinal Data (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2006-2011	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	18/12/2013
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2006-2011-2016	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	20/03/2019
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2006-2011-2016-2021	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	10/04/2024
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2011-2016	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	20/03/2019
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2011-2016-2021	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	10/04/2024
Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset, 2016-2021	Uses data from the Census of Population and Housing to build a rich longitudinal picture of Australian society. The ACLD can uncover new insights into the dynamics and transitions that drive social and economic change over time, and how these vary for diverse population groups and geographies.	Data items	10/04/2024

Businesses in Australia

Businesses in Australia (free to individuals)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Businesses in Australia, 2018-19	Contains all businesses that were active in the Australian economy in the 2018-19 financial year. The data are sourced from the ABS’ integrated product, the Business Longitudinal Data Analysis Environment (BLADE) which combines taxation and other administrative data.	Data items	30/04/2020

Census of Population and Housing

Census of Population and Housing (Census Basic is free to individuals; Census Pro is free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Census of Population and Housing, 2006 Basic (free to individuals) and Pro (free to members of registered organisations)	All Census records for occupied private dwellings with their associated family and person records, and persons from non-private dwellings together with a record for the associated non-private dwelling. Includes age, marital status, citizenship and ancestry, languages, employment and income, journey to work, education, geography, family composition, household and dwelling information.	Data items	24/08/2009
Census of Population and Housing, 2011 Basic (free to individuals) and Pro (free to members of registered organisations)	All Census records for occupied private dwellings with their associated family and person records, and persons from non-private dwellings together with a record for the associated non-private dwelling. Includes age, marital status, citizenship and ancestry, languages, employment and income, journey to work, education, geography, family composition, household and dwelling information.	Data items	15/08/2012
Census of Population and Housing, 2016 Basic (free) and Pro (free to members of registered organisations)	All Census records for occupied private dwellings with their associated family and person records, and persons from non-private dwellings together with a record for the associated non-private dwelling. Includes age, marital status, citizenship and ancestry, languages, employment and income, journey to work, education, geography, family composition, household and dwelling information.	Data items	06/08/2019
Census of Population and Housing, 2021 Basic (free to individuals) and Pro (free to members of registered organisations)	All Census records for occupied private dwellings with their associated family and person records, and persons from non-private dwellings together with a record for the associated non-private dwelling. Includes age, marital status, citizenship and ancestry, languages and income, education, geography, family composition, household and dwelling information.	Data items	21/09/2022
Census of Population and Housing: Estimating Homelessness, 2016	Presents detailed estimates of the prevalence of homelessness in TableBuilder from the ABS' Census of Population and Housing for 2016.	Data items	16/08/2019
Census of Population and Housing: Estimating Homelessness, 2021	Presents detailed estimates of the prevalence of homelessness in TableBuilder from the ABS' Census of Population and Housing for 2021.	Data items	27/04/2023
Census of Population and Housing: Index of Household Advantage and Disadvantage, 2016	The experimental Index of Household Advantage and Disadvantage (IHAD) summarises relative socio-economic advantage and disadvantage for households, using the 2016 Census of Population and Housing.	Data items	29/10/2019

Childhood Education and Care

Childhood Education and Care (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Childhood Education and Care, 2017	Collected every three years and is designed to provide a range of information about children aged 0–12 years and their families. The information collected includes the child care arrangements used by parents to care for their children, use of formal and informal care, cost and duration of the care and the attendance of children at preschool programs and other early childhood learning activities.	Data items	23/04/2018

Crime and Safety

Crime and Safety (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Crime Victimisation, 2012-13	Provides data about victims for a selected range of personal and household offences.	Data items	28/04/2014
Personal Safety, 2016	Provides data on the nature and extent of violence experienced by men and women since the age of 15.	Data items	08/11/2018

Cultural Activities

Cultural Activities (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Cultural Activities, 2017-18	Designed to provide annual statistics about participation and attendance in selected cultural activities.	Adults data Children data	28/05/2019
Cultural and Creative Activities, 2021-22	Designed to provide annual statistics about participation and attendance in selected cultural activities.	Adults data Children data	21/11/2023

Disability, Ageing and Carers

Disability, Ageing and Carers (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Disability, Ageing and Carers, 2012	Provides data on people with a disability, people aged 65 years or more, and assistance providers. Data items include household, family, income, person, conditions, restrictions, specific and broad activities, recipients, and assistance providers.	Data items	08/07/2014
Disability, Ageing and Carers, 2015	Provides data on people with disability, older people (aged 65 years or more) and people who care for people with disability or older people. Data items include household, family, income, person, conditions, restrictions, specific and broad activities, recipients, and assistance providers.	Data items	18/10/2016
Disability, Ageing and Carers, 2018	Provides data on people with disability, older people (aged 65 years or more) and people who care for people with disability or older people. Data items include household, family, income, person, conditions, restrictions, specific and broad activities, recipients, and assistance providers.	Data items	20/11/2019
Disability, Ageing and Carers, 2022	Provides data on people with disability, older people (aged 65 years or more) and people who care for people with disability or older people. Data items include household, family, income, person, conditions, restrictions, specific and broad activities, recipients, and assistance providers.	Data items	9/07/2024

Education and Work

Education and Work (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Education and Work, 2011	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	15/05/2012
Education and Work, 2012	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	28/05/2013
Education and Work, 2013	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	28/03/2014
Education and Work, 2014	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	19/05/2015
Education and Work, 2015	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	22/02/2016
Education and Work, 2016	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	29/11/2016
Education and Work, 2017	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	06/11/2017
Education and Work, 2018	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	08/11/2018
Education and Work, 2019	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	13/11/2019
Education and Work, 2020	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	11/11/2020
Education and Work, 2021	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	09/11/2021
Education and Work, 2022	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	08/02/2023
Education and Work, 2023	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	18/12/2023
Education and Work, 2024	Includes data on labour force characteristics, participation in study, educational institution, educational attainment, and selected characteristics of apprentices and trainees.	Data items	22/10/2024

Employee Earnings and Hours

Employee Earnings and Hours (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Employee Earnings and Hours, 2018	Detailed earnings and hours statistics for characteristics such as industry, occupation, sex, age, full-time/part-time, and method of setting pay.	Data items	11/09/2020
Employee Earnings and Hours, 2021	Detailed earnings and hours statistics for characteristics such as industry, occupation, sex, age, full-time/part-time, and method of setting pay.	Data items	29/03/2022
Employee Earnings and Hours, 2023	Detailed earnings and hours statistics for characteristics such as industry, occupation, sex, age, full-time/part-time, and method of setting pay.	Data items	10/05/2024

General Social Data

General Social Data (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
General Social Survey, 2014	Includes data on demographic characteristics, health and disability, housing, education, work, income, financial stress, assets and liabilities, information technology, transport, voluntary work, family and community, homelessness, crime and participation in sport and recreational activities.	Data items	23/09/2015

Income, Housing, Wealth and Expenditure

Income, Housing, Wealth and Expenditure (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Income and Housing, 2015-16	Provides estimates of income, wealth and housing. These measures can be classified by a range of household, income unit, person or loan characteristics.	Data items	29/06/2018
Income and Housing, 2017-18	Provides estimates of income, wealth and housing. These measures can be classified by a range of household, income unit, person or loan characteristics.	Data items	24/07/2019

Labour Statistics

Labour Force (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Retirement and Retirement Intentions, 2014-15 to 2022-23	Provides a range of information relating to changes in retirement trends over time, factors which influence retirement, and the income arrangements made by retirees and potential retirees for their retirement.	Data items	16/04/2025
Labour Force Status of Families, 2005 to 2024	Enables detailed analysis of how families engage with the labour market and provides statistics on broad family dynamics including the number and age of children in the household.	Data items	16/04/2025
Labour Force Survey, 2006-2024	Enables analysis of the social and economic aspects of labour market engagement over time using monthly Labour Force Survey data. Provides high-frequency detailed statistics on the labour force, such as employment, hours worked, underutilisation, unemployment, duration of job search and reasons not in the labour force.	Data items	18/03/2025
Characteristics of Employment, 2014-24	Weekly earnings of employees, casual workers, independent contractors, trade union membership, labour hire, job flexibility, job security.	Data items	19/12/2024
Jobs and Income of Employed Persons, 2021-22	Jobs and Income of Employed Persons provides statistics from the Longitudinal Employer Employee Database (LEED) to enable simultaneous analysis of met supply and demand in the Australian labour market. The LEED is a cross-sectional database, which uses administrative tax data to incorporate information from all employees and employers in Australia. From 2019-20, data on migrants has been linked to the LEED and a selection of variables are available in this microdata product.	Data items	13/12/2024
Barriers and Incentives to Labour Force Participation, Retirement and Retirement Intentions, 2023-24	Provides detailed information on characteristics of people who are not participating, or not participating fully, in the labour force and the factors that influence them to join or leave the labour force, and on information on retirement trends, the factors which influence decisions to retire, and the income arrangements that retirees and potential retirees have made to provide for their retirement.	Data items	13/12/2024
Barriers and Incentives to Labour Force Participation, Retirement and Retirement Intentions, 2018-19	Provides detailed information on characteristics of people who are not participating, or not participating fully, in the labour force and the factors that influence them to join or leave the labour force, and on information on retirement trends, the factors which influence decisions to retire, and the income arrangements that retirees and potential retirees have made to provide for their retirement.	Data items	28/08/2020
Jobs in Australia, annually 2011-12 to 2018-19	Jobs in Australia provides statistics from the Longitudinal Employer Employee Database (LEED) to enable simultaneous analysis of met supply and demand in the Australian labour market. The LEED is a cross-sectional database, which uses administrative tax data to incorporate information from all employees and employers in Australia.	Data items	17/12/2021
Jobs and Income of Employed Persons, 2019-20	Jobs and Income of Employed Persons provides statistics from the Longitudinal Employer Employee Database (LEED) to enable simultaneous analysis of met supply and demand in the Australian labour market. The LEED is a cross-sectional database, which uses administrative tax data to incorporate information from all employees and employers in Australia. From 2019-20, data on migrants has been linked to the LEED and a selection of variables are available in this microdata product.	Data items	31/05/2023
Jobs and Income of Employed Persons, 2020-21	Jobs and Income of Employed Persons provides statistics from the Longitudinal Employer Employee Database (LEED) to enable simultaneous analysis of met supply and demand in the Australian labour market. The LEED is a cross-sectional database, which uses administrative tax data to incorporate information from all employees and employers in Australia. From 2019-20, data on migrants has been linked to the LEED and a selection of variables are available in this microdata product.	Data items	13/03/2024
Labour Force Status of Families, annually 2009-2018, quarterly from March 2019	Enables detailed analysis of how families engage with the labour market and provides statistics on broad family dynamics including the number and age of children in the household.	Data items	11/10/2021
Participation, Job Search and Mobility, annually from 2015	Provides statistics relating to people looking for work, finding work, losing jobs, changing jobs, or the reasons why people are not working or looking for work.	Data items	9/07/2024

Mental Health and Wellbeing

Mental Health and Wellbeing (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020 to 2022	The National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW) is comprised of a survey that is collected on an irregular basis and is designed to provide a range of information about the mental health of Australians. It provides information on the prevalence of selected lifetime and 12-month mental disorders, by the major disorder groups: Anxiety disorders (e.g., Social Phobia), Affective disorders (e.g., Depression), Substance Use disorders (e.g., Alcohol Harmful Use). It also provides information on the level of impairment, and health services used for mental health problems.	Data items	13/06/2024

Migrants

Migrants (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Australian Census and Migrants, 2011, 2016	Contains linked data from the Census of Population and Housing and from the Department of Social Services Permanent Migrant Database (PMD).	Data items	15/10/2019
Australian Census and Migrants, 2021	Contains linked data from the 2021 Census of Population and Housing and from the Department of Social Services Permanent Migrant Database (PMD).	Data items	18/12/2023
Australian Census and Temporary Entrants, 2016	Contains linked data from the 2016 Census of Population and Housing and data on temporary visa holders from the Department of Home Affairs.	Data items	15/10/2019
Australian Census and Temporary Entrants, 2021	Contains linked data from the 2021 Census of Population and Housing and data on temporary visa holders from the Department of Home Affairs.	Data items	18/12/2023
Characteristics of Recent Migrants, 3-yearly from 2010	Enables analysis of data about migrants arriving in the last 10 years including employment outcomes related to visa, birth country and education.	Data items	12/06/2020

Motor Vehicles

Motor Vehicles (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Census of Motor Vehicles, annually from 2013 to 2021	Includes all vehicles registered with a state, territory or motor vehicle authority for unrestricted use on public roads.	Data items	27/08/2021
Motor Vehicle Use, 2016, 2018, 2020	Estimates of road registered vehicle usage including; total and average kilometres travelled, tonnes carried, tonne-kilometres travelled and fuel use.	Data items	01/02/2021
Road Freight Movements, 2014	Statistics on tonnes, tonne-kilometres, total distance travelled of freight moved in Australia between selected ASGS statistical areas by road.	Data items	20/09/2017

National Health Survey

National Health Survey (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
National Health Survey, 2022	Includes demographic and geographic information, health risk factors, health conditions and health actions. Additionally, biomedical data for NHS respondents who agreed to participate.	Data items	10/05/2024
National Health Survey, 2020-21	Includes demographic and geographic information, health risk factors, health conditions and health actions. Additionally, biomedical data for NHS respondents who agreed to participate.	Data items	07/12/2022
National Health Survey, 2014-15, 2017-18	Includes demographic and geographic information, health risk factors, health conditions and health actions. Additionally, biomedical data for NHS respondents who agreed to participate.	Data items	30/04/2019
National Health Survey, 2011-12	Includes demographic and geographic information, health risk factors, health conditions and health actions. Additionally, biomedical data for NHS respondents who agreed to participate.	Data items	13/11/2014
Australian Health Survey, Core Content - Risk Factors and Selected Health Conditions, 2011-12	Provides data for the common topics and combined samples of the National Health Survey and National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-12, components of the Australian Health Survey (AHS) 2011-12. The focus of this current release is on the Core Content, primarily health risk factors and selected health conditions, as well as data from the National Health Measures Survey, the biomedical component of the AHS.	Data items	30/04/2014

Net Overseas Migration

Net Overseas Migration (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Net Overseas Migration	The net overseas migration (NOM) TableBuilder dataset contains statistics on migration to and from Australia, by characteristics including age, sex, state, visa and country. This dataset is updated quarterly, the most recent quarter released is September 2024.	Data items	25/03/2025

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition and Physical Activity (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Australian Health Survey, Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2011-12	Includes demographic and geographic information, health risk factors, health conditions and health actions. Additionally, biomedical data for NHS respondents who agreed to participate.	Data items	06/11/2015
Australian Health Survey, Core Content - Risk Factors and Selected Health Conditions, 2011-12	Provides data for the common topics and combined samples of the National Health Survey and National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-12, components of the Australian Health Survey (AHS) 2011-12. The focus of this current release is on the Core Content, primarily health risk factors and selected health conditions, as well as data from the National Health Measures Survey, the biomedical component of the AHS.	Data items	30/04/2014

Patient Experiences

Patient Experiences (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Patient Experiences, 2016-17	Data on access and barriers to, and experiences of, health care services including GPs, specialists, dental professionals, hospitals and EDs.	Data items	12/04/2018

Preschool Education

Preschool Education (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Children enrolled in a preschool program, 2024	Contains statistics on children enrolled in and attending a preschool program across Australia.	Data items	16/04/2025
Preschool Education, annually from 2016	Contains statistics on children enrolled in and attending a preschool program across Australia and is derived from administrative data provided by state and territory and Australian Government education departments and the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn.	Data items	10/05/2024
Episodes of workers delivering a preschool program, 2021	Contains statistics on children enrolled in and attending a preschool program across Australia and is derived from administrative data provided by state and territory and Australian Government education departments and the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn.	Data items	28/06/2023

Qualifications and Work

Qualifications and Work (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Qualifications and Work, 2018-19	Presents detailed information about the educational history of people and the relevance of each qualification to their working lives.	Data items	29/09/2020
Qualifications and Work, 2022-23	Presents detailed information about the educational history of people and the relevance of each qualification to their working lives.	Data items	13/06/2024

Sport and Physical Recreation

Sport and Physical Recreation (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Participation in Sport and Physical Recreation, 2013-14	Data on persons aged 15 years and over who participated in sport and physical activities as players, competitors or physically undertook an activity.	Data items	18/02/2015

Sun Protection Behaviours

Sun Protection Behaviours (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Sun Protection Behaviours, 2023-24	The Sun protection behaviours survey collected information from people aged 15 years and over about sunburn, sun protection and sun tanning.	Data items	22/10/2024

Work-Related Injuries

Work-Related Injuries (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Work-Related Injuries, 2017-18	People who experienced a work-related injury or illness, including type of injury, job details and work-related injury rates.	Data items	27/09/2019
Work-Related Injuries, 2021-22	People who experienced a work-related injury or illness, including type of injury, job details and work-related injury rates.	Data items	23/03/2023

Work-Related Training and Adult Learning

Work-Related Training and Adult Learning (free to members of registered organisations)
Dataset	Description	Data item list	Release date
Work-Related Training and Adult Learning, 2016-17	Provides annual statistics about formal study and non-formal learning, with a focus on work-related training and personal interest learning.	Data items	17/01/2018
Work-Related Training and Adult Learning, 2021	Provides annual statistics about formal study and non-formal learning, with a focus on work-related training and personal interest learning.	Data items	11/03/2022

Paid Data Series

There are currently no TableBuilder datasets that require a paid subscription to access.

APA

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