Consumer Price Index, Australia

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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

December Quarter 2024

Released

29/01/2025

View all releases

Release date and time

29/01/2025 11:30am AEDT

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.2% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the December 2024 quarter, the CPI rose 2.4%.
The most significant price rises this quarter were Recreation and culture (+1.5%) and Alcohol and tobacco (+2.4%).
Partially offsetting the rise were Housing (-0.7%) and Transport (-0.7%).

What's new this quarter

Correction to Child care costs in the CPI

As explained in the ABS media statement released on 19 November 2024, Correction to child care costs in the CPI, out-of-pocket child care costs have been corrected as part of compiling the December 2024 quarter. The ABS made errors in estimating the impact of the Government’s reforms to the Child Care Subsidy when they took effect in July 2023.

The correction applied this quarter reduced the Child care index by 5.8 per cent and reduced the Preschool and primary education index by 0.4 per cent. This meant the CPI quarterly movement was 0.05 percentage points lower than it would otherwise have been without the correction, and the Trimmed mean quarterly movement was 0.03 percentage points lower than it would otherwise have been.

Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates

The 2024-25 Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates and State government rebates applied from July 2024. These rebates have had the effect of reducing electricity costs for households in the September and December 2024 quarters. More details on the impact and timing of these rebates are provided below.

Trimmed mean table added

A table has been included in this release which shows the CPI Expenditure Classes that were trimmed out to calculate the Trimmed mean in the December 2024 quarter. Details are available in Trimmed mean measure.

Update to the CPI weights next quarter

The CPI weights are updated each year to ensure the weights used in the CPI basket reflect contemporary household spending patterns. The weights will next be updated in the March 2025 quarter. The updated CPI weights will be published at the same time as the January Monthly CPI indicator release on 26 February 2025.

Monthly CPI Indicator

The latest monthly inflation data can be found in the Monthly CPI Indicator. For more information on how the Monthly CPI Indicator relates to the quarterly CPI see Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia.

Complete monthly measure of the CPI

The ABS will release a complete monthly CPI in late 2025, as part of its transformative program called Big Data, Timely Insights: Phase 2 (BDTI2). Information is available on the Complete monthly measure of the CPI.

Main features

All groups CPI, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
Quarter	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Dec-14	0.2	1.7
Mar-15	0.2	1.3
Jun-15	0.7	1.5
Sep-15	0.5	1.5
Dec-15	0.4	1.7
Mar-16	-0.2	1.3
Jun-16	0.4	1.0
Sep-16	0.7	1.3
Dec-16	0.5	1.5
Mar-17	0.5	2.1
Jun-17	0.2	1.9
Sep-17	0.6	1.8
Dec-17	0.6	1.9
Mar-18	0.4	1.9
Jun-18	0.4	2.1
Sep-18	0.4	1.9
Dec-18	0.5	1.8
Mar-19	0.0	1.3
Jun-19	0.6	1.6
Sep-19	0.5	1.7
Dec-19	0.7	1.8
Mar-20	0.3	2.2
Jun-20	-1.9	-0.3
Sep-20	1.6	0.7
Dec-20	0.9	0.9
Mar-21	0.6	1.1
Jun-21	0.8	3.8
Sep-21	0.8	3.0
Dec-21	1.3	3.5
Mar-22	2.1	5.1
Jun-22	1.8	6.1
Sep-22	1.8	7.3
Dec-22	1.9	7.8
Mar-23	1.4	7.0
Jun-23	0.8	6.0
Sep-23	1.2	5.4
Dec-23	0.6	4.1
Mar-24	1.0	3.6
Jun-24	1.0	3.8
Sep-24	0.2	2.8
Dec-24	0.2	2.4

All groups CPI, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[0.2],[0.2],[0.7],[0.5],[0.4],[-0.2],[0.4],[0.7],[0.5],[0.5],[0.2],[0.6],[0.6],[0.4],[0.4],[0.4],[0.5],[0],[0.6],[0.5],[0.7],[0.3],[-1.9],[1.6],[0.9],[0.6],[0.8],[0.8],[1.3],[2.1],[1.8],[1.8],[1.9],[1.4],[0.8],[1.2],[0.6],[1],[1],[0.2],[0.2]],[[1.7],[1.3],[1.5],[1.5],[1.7],[1.3],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[2.1],[1.9],[1.8],[1.9],[1.9],[2.1],[1.9],[1.8],[1.3],[1.6],[1.7],[1.8],[2.2],[-0.3],[0.7],[0.9],[1.1],[3.8],[3],[3.5],[5.1],[6.1],[7.3],[7.8],[7],[6],[5.4],[4.1],[3.6],[3.8],[2.8],[2.4]]]

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Weighted average of eight capital cities
Weighted average of eight capital cities	Sep Qtr 2024 to Dec Qtr 2024	Dec Qtr 2023 to Dec Qtr 2024
	(% change)	(% change)
All groups CPI	0.2	2.4
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.2	3.0
Alcohol and tobacco	2.4	6.2
Clothing and footwear	0.1	1.3
Housing	-0.7	1.0
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.2	1.5
Health	-0.2	4.0
Transport	-0.7	-1.5
Communication	0.5	0.0
Recreation and culture	1.5	3.3
Education	0.0	6.5
Insurance and financial services	0.8	5.4
CPI analytical series
All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	0.3	2.4
Trimmed mean	0.5	3.2
Weighted median	0.5	3.4

Overview

CPI and Trimmed mean annual inflation both lower

Annual CPI inflation was 2.4 per cent in the December quarter, down from 2.8 per cent in the September quarter. The main reasons for lower CPI inflation were due to a fall in prices for electricity and automotive fuel and moderating price rises for new dwellings.

The Trimmed mean provides a view of underlying inflation by reducing the effect of irregular or temporary price changes that can impact the CPI. This quarter the Trimmed mean excluded the falls in both electricity and automotive fuel, alongside other large price rises and falls. Trimmed mean annual inflation was 3.2 per cent, down from 3.6 per cent in the September quarter.

All groups CPI and Trimmed mean, Australia, annual movement (%)
	All groups CPI (%)	Trimmed mean (%)
Dec-14	1.7	2.2
Mar-15	1.3	2.3
Jun-15	1.5	2.2
Sep-15	1.5	2.1
Dec-15	1.7	2.1
Mar-16	1.3	1.7
Jun-16	1.0	1.6
Sep-16	1.3	1.6
Dec-16	1.5	1.5
Mar-17	2.1	1.7
Jun-17	1.9	1.7
Sep-17	1.8	1.7
Dec-17	1.9	1.7
Mar-18	1.9	1.7
Jun-18	2.1	1.6
Sep-18	1.9	1.7
Dec-18	1.8	1.8
Mar-19	1.3	1.6
Jun-19	1.6	1.5
Sep-19	1.7	1.5
Dec-19	1.8	1.5
Mar-20	2.2	1.7
Jun-20	-0.3	1.2
Sep-20	0.7	1.2
Dec-20	0.9	1.3
Mar-21	1.1	1.1
Jun-21	3.8	1.6
Sep-21	3.0	2.1
Dec-21	3.5	2.6
Mar-22	5.1	3.8
Jun-22	6.1	4.9
Sep-22	7.3	6.0
Dec-22	7.8	6.8
Mar-23	7.0	6.5
Jun-23	6.0	5.8
Sep-23	5.4	5.1
Dec-23	4.1	4.2
Mar-24	3.6	4.0
Jun-24	3.8	4.0
Sep-24	2.8	3.6
Dec-24	2.4	3.2

All groups CPI and Trimmed mean, Australia, annual movement (%)

["","All groups CPI","Trimmed mean"]

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Goods inflation lowest since 2016

Annual Goods inflation was 0.8 per cent, down from 1.4 per cent in the previous quarter. The drop in annual Goods inflation was primarily due to large falls in electricity and automotive fuel prices and lower price rises for new dwellings.

CPI, Goods and Services components, annual movement (%)
	Goods (%)	Services (%)
Dec-14	1.0	2.7
Mar-15	0.0	3.1
Jun-15	0.7	2.7
Sep-15	0.6	2.7
Dec-15	1.2	2.4
Mar-16	0.9	1.9
Jun-16	0.3	2.0
Sep-16	1.0	1.8
Dec-16	1.3	1.7
Mar-17	2.5	1.6
Jun-17	2.0	1.8
Sep-17	1.8	1.8
Dec-17	2.2	1.7
Mar-18	2.0	2.0
Jun-18	2.3	1.8
Sep-18	2.2	1.6
Dec-18	1.7	1.7
Mar-19	1.3	1.3
Jun-19	1.5	1.4
Sep-19	1.5	1.8
Dec-19	1.9	1.8
Mar-20	2.7	1.8
Jun-20	1.3	-2.2
Sep-20	1.8	-0.6
Dec-20	1.1	0.8
Mar-21	1.1	1.1
Jun-21	2.8	5.1
Sep-21	2.8	3.5
Dec-21	4.3	2.3
Mar-22	6.6	3.0
Jun-22	8.4	3.3
Sep-22	9.6	4.1
Dec-22	9.5	5.5
Mar-23	7.6	6.1
Jun-23	5.8	6.3
Sep-23	4.9	5.8
Dec-23	3.8	4.6
Mar-24	3.1	4.3
Jun-24	3.2	4.5
Sep-24	1.4	4.6
Dec-24	0.8	4.3

End of free child care
Free child care

CPI, Goods and Services components, annual movement (%)

["","Goods","Services"]

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Services inflation remains elevated

Annual Services inflation was 4.3 per cent in the December quarter, down from 4.6 per cent in the September quarter. Higher prices for rents, medical and hospital services and insurance were the main contributors to Services inflation remaining elevated.

Selected services annual movements (%)
	Dec-23 (%)	Mar-24 (%)	Jun-24 (%)	Sep-24 (%)	Dec-24 (%)
Services - total	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.3
Education	4.7	5.2	5.6	6.4	6.5
Vet & other pet services	7.6	7.1	6.7	5.8	5.3
Restaurant meals	4.6	4.4	4.1	2.8	2.7
Hairdressing & personal grooming services	6.4	7.1	5.6	6.3	5.6
Rents	7.3	7.8	7.3	6.7	6.4
Medical, dental & hospital services	6.2	4.5	6.4	5.3	4.2
Insurance	16.2	16.4	14.0	14.0	11.0

Selected services annual movements (%)

["","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"]

[["Services - total","Education","Vet & other pet services","Restaurant meals","Hairdressing & personal grooming services","Rents","         Medical, dental & hospital services","Insurance"],[[4.6],[4.7],[7.6],[4.6],[6.4],[7.3],[6.2],[16.2]],[[4.3],[5.2],[7.1],[4.4],[7.1],[7.8],[4.5],[16.4]],[[4.5],[5.6],[6.7],[4.1],[5.6],[7.3],[6.4],[14]],[[4.6],[6.4],[5.8],[2.8],[6.3],[6.7],[5.3],[14]],[[4.3],[6.5],[5.3],[2.7],[5.6],[6.4],[4.2],[11]]]

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Non-discretionary inflation lowest since 2021

Non-discretionary goods and services include those that households are less able to reduce their consumption of, like food, automotive fuel, housing and health costs, whereas Discretionary goods and services reflect more optional purchases.

In the December 2024 quarter Non-discretionary annual inflation fell to 1.8 per cent while Discretionary annual inflation rose to 3.2 per cent. The drop in Non-discretionary inflation was from lower prices for automotive fuel and electricity over the past 12 months, as well as lower inflation for food and non-alcoholic beverages, and new dwellings. This contributed to the lowest Non-discretionary annual inflation since the March 2021 quarter.

CPI, Discretionary and Non-Discretionary, annual movement (%)
	Non-Discretionary (%)	Discretionary (%)
Dec-14	1.7	1.7
Mar-15	0.8	2
Jun-15	1.5	1.4
Sep-15	1.3	1.8
Dec-15	1.1	2.6
Mar-16	0.8	1.9
Jun-16	0.6	1.8
Sep-16	1	1.7
Dec-16	1.8	1
Mar-17	2.9	1.1
Jun-17	2.4	1.2
Sep-17	2.1	1.4
Dec-17	2.4	1.2
Mar-18	2.3	1.3
Jun-18	2.6	1.4
Sep-18	2.2	1.6
Dec-18	1.5	2.2
Mar-19	0.9	1.9
Jun-19	1	2.3
Sep-19	1	2.6
Dec-19	1.5	2.5
Mar-20	2.1	2.7
Jun-20	-2.1	2.4
Sep-20	-0.4	2.4
Dec-20	-0.6	2.9
Mar-21	-0.4	3
Jun-21	4.1	3.1
Sep-21	3.5	2.1
Dec-21	4.5	1.9
Mar-22	6.6	2.7
Jun-22	7.6	4
Sep-22	8.4	5.5
Dec-22	8.4	7.1
Mar-23	7.2	6.8
Jun-23	6.1	5.9
Sep-23	5.5	5
Dec-23	4.8	3
Mar-24	4.2	2.9
Jun-24	4.5	2.8
Sep-24	2.9	2.7
Dec-24	1.8	3.2

CPI, Discretionary and Non-Discretionary, annual movement (%)

["","Non-Discretionary","Discretionary"]

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Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills

Electricity prices fell 9.9 per cent in the December quarter and 25.2 per cent in the past 12 months.

The introduction of the 2024-25 Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) rebates from July 2024 were the main driver for the fall in electricity prices this quarter.

Households in all States and Territories received their second instalment of the Commonwealth EBRF rebate this quarter. Households in some States and Territories did not receive their first instalment of the Commonwealth EBRF rebate in the September quarter due to differences in the roll out schedule. The fall this quarter was driven by these households receiving two $75 instalments of the Commonwealth rebate in the December quarter.

Excluding the rebates, electricity prices would have risen by 0.2 per cent in the December 2024 quarter.

The following graph shows the impact the rebates have had on the Electricity series in the CPI since the September 2023 quarter.

Electricity Index, Australia (June 2023 quarter = 100.0)
	Excluding Government Electricity Rebates (Index number)	Including Government Electricity Rebates (Index number)
Jun-23	100.0	100.0
Sep-23	118.6	104.2
Dec-23	117.5	105.6
Mar-24	117.0	103.8
Jun-24	114.6	106.0
Sep-24	115.4	87.7
Dec-24	115.6	79.0

EBRF (a)
EBRF (b)
EBRF (c)

Electricity Index, Australia (June 2023 quarter = 100.0)

["","Excluding Government Electricity Rebates","Including Government Electricity Rebates"]

[["Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[100],[118.6],[117.5],[117],[114.6],[115.4],[115.6]],[[100],[104.2],[105.6],[103.8],[106],[87.7],[79]]]

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(a) Introduction of the 2023-24 Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) for concession households in NSW, VIC, SA, TAS, NT and ACT, and all households in QLD and WA, from July 2023

(b) Introduction of the first instalment of 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebates for all households, and State government rebates in QLD, WA and TAS, from July 2024

(c) Introduction of the second instalment of 2024-25 Commonwealth rebates for all households, and the second instalment of the WA state rebate

	Commonwealth $300 rebate	WA $400 State rebate	QLD $1,000 State rebate	TAS $250 State rebate (Renewable Energy Dividend)
Rebate method	Applied directly to electricity bills as four equal $75 quarterly instalments in the 2024-25 FY (a)	Applied directly to electricity bills as two equal $200 instalments from July and December 2024	Applied directly to electricity bills as a one-off $1,000 rebate. Where the rebate amount exceeds the average bill size, the residual amount is treated as a credit and applied to the next quarterly bill.	Applied directly to electricity bills as a one-off $250 rebate
Timing	From July 2024 for WA (b) and QLD. For all remaining States and Territories, from August 2024. (c) and (d)	From July 2024 (b)	From July 2024	From July 2024

(a) This applies to all States and Territories, except WA, where rebates have been applied directly to electricity bills as two equal $150 instalments from July 2024 and December 2024.

(b) In Western Australia, the first instalment of both Energy Bill Relief Fund 2024-25 and $400 Electricity Credit has been paid from 20 July 2024. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in July 2024 have received their first instalment in October 2024.

(c) For States and Territories receiving rebates from August, the households whose billing cycle is in July 2024 have received two instalments in October 2024.

(d) In New South Wales and Victoria, the first instalment of Energy Bill Relief Fund 2024-25 has been paid from part way through August 2024. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in August have received their first instalment in November 2024.

Automotive fuel prices lower compared to 12 months ago

Automotive fuel prices fell 7.9 per cent over the 12 months to the December quarter, reflecting lower global oil prices over the year.

Automotive fuel, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Quarterly (%)	Annual (%)
Dec-14	-6.8	-8
Mar-15	-12.2	-22.5
Jun-15	12.2	-10.6
Sep-15	-1.7	-9.8
Dec-15	-5.7	-8.7
Mar-16	-10	-6.4
Jun-16	5.9	-11.6
Sep-16	-2.9	-12.6
Dec-16	6.7	-1.1
Mar-17	5.7	16.2
Jun-17	-2.5	6.9
Sep-17	-2.3	7.5
Dec-17	10.4	11.1
Mar-18	0.9	6.1
Jun-18	6.9	16.3
Sep-18	1.4	20.8
Dec-18	-2.5	6.7
Mar-19	-8.7	-3.5
Jun-19	10.2	-0.5
Sep-19	-2	-3.9
Dec-19	4.4	2.9
Mar-20	-6	5.9
Jun-20	-19.3	-22.4
Sep-20	9.4	-13.4
Dec-20	0.5	-16.7
Mar-21	8.7	-3.6
Jun-21	6.5	27.3
Sep-21	7.1	24.6
Dec-21	6.6	32.3
Mar-22	11	35.1
Jun-22	4.2	32.1
Sep-22	-4.3	18
Dec-22	2.2	13.2
Mar-23	-0.8	1.1
Jun-23	-0.7	-3.6
Sep-23	7.2	7.9
Dec-23	-0.2	5.4
Mar-24	-1	5.2
Jun-24	1.7	7.7
Sep-24	-6.7	-6.2
Dec-24	-2	-7.9

Automotive fuel, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Quarterly","Annual"]

[["Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[-6.8],[-12.2],[12.2],[-1.7],[-5.7],[-10],[5.9],[-2.9],[6.7],[5.7],[-2.5],[-2.3],[10.4],[0.9],[6.9],[1.4],[-2.5],[-8.7],[10.2],[-2],[4.4],[-6],[-19.3],[9.4],[0.5],[8.7],[6.5],[7.1],[6.6],[11],[4.2],[-4.3],[2.2],[-0.8],[-0.7],[7.2],[-0.2],[-1],[1.7],[-6.7],[-2]],[[-8],[-22.5],[-10.6],[-9.8],[-8.7],[-6.4],[-11.6],[-12.6],[-1.1],[16.2],[6.9],[7.5],[11.1],[6.1],[16.3],[20.8],[6.7],[-3.5],[-0.5],[-3.9],[2.9],[5.9],[-22.4],[-13.4],[-16.7],[-3.6],[27.3],[24.6],[32.3],[35.1],[32.1],[18],[13.2],[1.1],[-3.6],[7.9],[5.4],[5.2],[7.7],[-6.2],[-7.9]]]

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New dwelling price growth lowest since 2021

New dwelling prices rose 2.9 per cent over the 12 months to the December quarter, down from 4.8 per cent in the September quarter. This is the weakest annual rise since the June 2021 quarter.

The lower annual price growth in new dwellings reflects project home builders increasing incentives and promotional offers to entice new business in a subdued new home market.

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Dec-14	1.1	4.0
Mar-15	0.9	4.8
Jun-15	1.5	4.8
Sep-15	0.7	4.3
Dec-15	0.1	3.3
Mar-16	0.2	2.5
Jun-16	0.9	1.9
Sep-16	0.4	1.6
Dec-16	0.5	2.0
Mar-17	1.0	2.8
Jun-17	0.9	2.8
Sep-17	0.8	3.1
Dec-17	0.6	3.2
Mar-18	0.5	2.7
Jun-18	0.8	2.7
Sep-18	0.1	2.0
Dec-18	0.4	1.8
Mar-19	-0.2	1.2
Jun-19	-0.2	0.2
Sep-19	-0.2	-0.1
Dec-19	0.4	-0.1
Mar-20	0.4	0.5
Jun-20	0.1	0.7
Sep-20	0.5	1.4
Dec-20	0.7	1.7
Mar-21	-0.1	1.2
Jun-21	-0.1	1.0
Sep-21	3.3	3.8
Dec-21	4.2	7.5
Mar-22	5.7	13.7
Jun-22	5.6	20.3
Sep-22	3.7	20.7
Dec-22	1.7	17.8
Mar-23	1.2	12.7
Jun-23	1.0	7.8
Sep-23	1.3	5.2
Dec-23	1.5	5.1
Mar-24	1.1	5.0
Jun-24	1.1	5.1
Sep-24	1.0	4.8
Dec-24	-0.2	2.9

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[1.1],[0.9],[1.5],[0.7],[0.1],[0.2],[0.9],[0.4],[0.5],[1],[0.9],[0.8],[0.6],[0.5],[0.8],[0.1],[0.4],[-0.2],[-0.2],[-0.2],[0.4],[0.4],[0.1],[0.5],[0.7],[-0.1],[-0.1],[3.3],[4.2],[5.7],[5.6],[3.7],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[1.1],[1.1],[1],[-0.2]],[[4],[4.8],[4.8],[4.3],[3.3],[2.5],[1.9],[1.6],[2],[2.8],[2.8],[3.1],[3.2],[2.7],[2.7],[2],[1.8],[1.2],[0.2],[-0.1],[-0.1],[0.5],[0.7],[1.4],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[3.8],[7.5],[13.7],[20.3],[20.7],[17.8],[12.7],[7.8],[5.2],[5.1],[5],[5.1],[4.8],[2.9]]]

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Rental price growth moderated by Commonwealth Rent Assistance changes

Rental prices rose 6.4 per cent over the 12 months to the December quarter, down from 6.7 per cent in the September quarter. Rental price growth continues to reflect low vacancy rates and a tight rental market.

Changes to Commonwealth Rent Assistance

The rate of annual growth in rental prices has been moderated by changes to Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA).

The maximum rate available for CRA increased by 10 per cent on 20 September 2024, in addition to the usual biannual CPI indexation on 20 March and 20 September each year. This follows an additional increase to CRA maximum rates of 15 per cent in September last year. These increases to CRA have reduced the amount of rent payable by eligible recipients.

The September quarter results showed a partial impact of the CRA changes, while the remaining impact has been reflected in the December 2024 quarter.

Excluding the changes to CRA, rents would have increased by 7.8 per cent over the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter.

Rents, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Dec-14	0.5	2.4
Mar-15	0.4	2.1
Jun-15	0.4	1.9
Sep-15	0.3	1.5
Dec-15	0.2	1.2
Mar-16	0.1	0.9
Jun-16	0.2	0.7
Sep-16	0.3	0.7
Dec-16	0.1	0.6
Mar-17	0.1	0.6
Jun-17	0.2	0.6
Sep-17	0.2	0.5
Dec-17	0.3	0.7
Mar-18	0.2	0.8
Jun-18	0.0	0.6
Sep-18	0.2	0.6
Dec-18	0.2	0.5
Mar-19	0.1	0.4
Jun-19	0.0	0.4
Sep-19	0.1	0.4
Dec-19	0.0	0.2
Mar-20	0.1	0.2
Jun-20	-1.3	-1.2
Sep-20	-0.2	-1.4
Dec-20	0.1	-1.3
Mar-21	0.0	-1.4
Jun-21	0.1	0.0
Sep-21	0.2	0.4
Dec-21	0.1	0.4
Mar-22	0.6	1.0
Jun-22	0.7	1.6
Sep-22	1.3	2.8
Dec-22	1.2	4.0
Mar-23	1.6	4.9
Jun-23	2.5	6.7
Sep-23	2.2	7.6
Dec-23	0.9	7.3
Mar-24	2.1	7.8
Jun-24	2.0	7.3
Sep-24	1.6	6.7
Dec-24	0.6	6.4

CRA change (a)
CRA change (b)

Rents, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[0.5],[0.4],[0.4],[0.3],[0.2],[0.1],[0.2],[0.3],[0.1],[0.1],[0.2],[0.2],[0.3],[0.2],[0],[0.2],[0.2],[0.1],[0],[0.1],[0],[0.1],[-1.3],[-0.2],[0.1],[0],[0.1],[0.2],[0.1],[0.6],[0.7],[1.3],[1.2],[1.6],[2.5],[2.2],[0.9],[2.1],[2],[1.6],[0.6]],[[2.4],[2.1],[1.9],[1.5],[1.2],[0.9],[0.7],[0.7],[0.6],[0.6],[0.6],[0.5],[0.7],[0.8],[0.6],[0.6],[0.5],[0.4],[0.4],[0.4],[0.2],[0.2],[-1.2],[-1.4],[-1.3],[-1.4],[0],[0.4],[0.4],[1],[1.6],[2.8],[4],[4.9],[6.7],[7.6],[7.3],[7.8],[7.3],[6.7],[6.4]]]

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(a) Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) maximum rates increased by 15% on top of the usual biannual CPI indexation from 20 September 2023.
(b) Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) maximum rates increased by 10% on top of the usual biannual CPI indexation from 20 September 2024.

Annual food inflation eases slightly

Food prices rose 3.0 per cent over the 12 months to the December quarter, down from 3.3 per cent in the September quarter. Price rises eased across most food categories apart for Meat and seafoods which included lamb price increases of 17.3 per cent over the year.

Fruit and vegetable prices remained 6.3 per cent higher compared to 12 months ago, despite falling 3.3 per cent this quarter. Supply continues to improve with prices falling in recent months for tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, mangoes and strawberries due to favourable growing conditions.

Grocery products, annual movement (%)
	Dec-23 (%)	Mar-24 (%)	Jun-24 (%)	Sep-24 (%)	Dec-24 (%)
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	4.5	3.8	3.3	3.3	3.0
Bread and cereal products	8.2	7.2	3.9	2.8	2.5
Meat and seafoods	0.0	-1.6	-0.4	0.4	2.5
Dairy and related products	6.4	4.1	2.3	-0.2	-1.2
Fruit and vegetables	-0.2	-0.2	3.7	8.6	6.3
Food products n.e.c	6.5	5.2	4.0	4.2	3.4
Non alcoholic beverages	5.3	5.4	4.2	4.7	3.8

Grocery products, annual movement (%)

["","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"]

[["Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Bread and cereal products","Meat and seafoods","Dairy and related products","Fruit and vegetables","Food products n.e.c","Non alcoholic beverages"],[[4.5],[8.2],[0],[6.4],[-0.2],[6.5],[5.3]],[[3.8],[7.2],[-1.6],[4.1],[-0.2],[5.2],[5.4]],[[3.3],[3.9],[-0.4],[2.3],[3.7],[4],[4.2]],[[3.3],[2.8],[0.4],[-0.2],[8.6],[4.2],[4.7]],[[3],[2.5],[2.5],[-1.2],[6.3],[3.4],[3.8]]]

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Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, quarterly movement (%)
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter (%)
All groups CPI		0.2
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.2
Alcohol and tobacco	2.4
Clothing and footwear	0.1
Housing	-0.7
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.2
Health	-0.2
Transport	-0.7
Communication	0.5
Recreation and culture	1.5
Education	0.0
Insurance and financial services	0.8

Weighted average of eight capital cities, quarterly movement (%)

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[0.2],[2.4],[0.1],[-0.7],[-0.2],[-0.2],[-0.7],[0.5],[1.5],[0],[0.8]],[[0.2],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.2%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+2.4%)

Clothing and footwear group (+0.1%)

Housing group (-0.7%)

The main contributors to the fall were Utilities (-4.9%) and New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers (-0.2%).

Over the past twelve months the Housing group rose 1.0%, down from 2.8% in the September 2024 quarter. This is the smallest annual rise for the group since the June 2021 quarter, with the easing in growth being driven by a large annual fall in Electricity this quarter. The main contributors to the annual rise were Rents (+6.4%) and New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+2.9%).

Utilities

Utilities fell 4.9%, driven by Electricity (-9.9%). A rise in Gas and other household fuels (+0.6%) partially offset the fall.
The fall in Electricity prices was the second largest quarterly fall for this series on record. Households in all states and territories received their second instalment of the 2024-25 Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) rebate this quarter. The fall this quarter was due to differences in the roll out schedule, with households in some states and territories receiving catch up payments (two $75 instalments) of the 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebate this quarter. For more information see: New Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills.
Excluding the rebates, Electricity prices would have risen 0.2% this quarter as retailers in some capital cities increased supply and usage charges for market offer plans.
Gas and other household fuels prices rose due to rises in some market offer plans

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers fell 0.2%, the first fall for this series since the June 2021 quarter. The fall was driven by project home builders increasing incentives and promotional offers to attract new customers which offset price rises by some builders due to higher labour costs.
New dwelling prices rose 2.9% annually, the weakest annual rise since the June 2021 quarter.

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Australia	-0.2	2.9
Sydney	-0.4	1.2
Melbourne	-0.6	1.5
Brisbane	1.4	4.6
Adelaide	-1.7	2.5
Perth	0.6	13.6
Hobart	-0.3	0.7
Darwin	-1.8	-1.7
Canberra	1.0	1.9

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter (%)","Annual change (%)"]

[["Australia","Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra"],[[-0.2],[-0.4],[-0.6],[1.4],[-1.7],[0.6],[-0.3],[-1.8],[1]],[[2.9],[1.2],[1.5],[4.6],[2.5],[13.6],[0.7],[-1.7],[1.9]]]

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Rents

Rents rose 0.6% this quarter, the smallest quarterly rise since the March 2022 quarter.
The increase in rents this quarter was moderated by changes to Commonwealth Rental Assistance (CRA) which reduces the out-of-pocket rental cost for CRA recipients. From 20 September 2024, the maximum rate available for rent assistance increased by 10% in addition to the regular biannual CPI indexation. Given the timing of these changes, the September quarter results showed a partial impact with the remaining impact reflected in the December 2024 quarter.
Excluding the changes to CRA, Rents would have increased 1.5% in the December 2024 quarter, compared to a rise of 1.8% in the September 2024 quarter.
Rental prices rose 6.4% annually, the weakest annual rise since the March 2023 quarter.

Rents, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Australia	0.6	6.4
Sydney	0.7	6.4
Melbourne	0.6	6.4
Brisbane	0.4	6.9
Adelaide	0.2	6.1
Perth	1.3	10.1
Hobart	-1.6	-1.1
Darwin	0.1	2.6
Canberra	-0.2	0.6

Rents, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Australia","Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra"],[[0.6],[0.7],[0.6],[0.4],[0.2],[1.3],[-1.6],[0.1],[-0.2]],[[6.4],[6.4],[6.4],[6.9],[6.1],[10.1],[-1.1],[2.6],[0.6]]]

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Furnishings, household equipment and services group (-0.2%)

Child care fell 4.1%, due to the correction implemented this quarter (for more details see Correction to child care costs in the CPI). Excluding the correction, child care would have risen 1.8% for the quarter as higher operating costs were passed through by way of higher fees which increased out-of-pocket expenses for households.

Child care is measured through changes in the out-of-pocket expenses for households. The graph below summarises changes to various child care support schemes over the years, as well as the impact of the correction to the child care index.

Child care index in the CPI
	Child care index as published (%)	Child care index that should have been published (%)
Dec-14	124.8
Mar-15	128.6
Jun-15	129.5
Sep-15	134.7
Dec-15	135.0
Mar-16	139.3
Jun-16	140.4
Sep-16	145.4
Dec-16	146.0
Mar-17	147.7
Jun-17	149.0
Sep-17	152.3
Dec-17	153.9
Mar-18	156.4
Jun-18	157.9
Sep-18	139.3
Dec-18	141.2
Mar-19	143.9
Jun-19	145.4
Sep-19	149.0
Dec-19	151.3
Mar-20	152.8
Jun-20	7.6
Sep-20	112.6
Dec-20	155.0
Mar-21	158.4
Jun-21	160.3
Sep-21	163.7
Dec-21	165.1
Mar-22	165.1
Jun-22	153.0
Sep-22	154.8
Dec-22	161.8
Mar-23	165.1
Jun-23	167.5	167.5
Sep-23	145.4	138.7
Dec-23	150.1	142.2
Mar-24	155.9	147.0
Jun-24	158.0	148.8
Sep-24	163.0	153.5
Dec-24	156.3	156.3

Child care index in the CPI

["","Child care index as published","Child care index that should have been published"]

[["Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24"],[[124.8],[128.6],[129.5],[134.7],[135],[139.3],[140.4],[145.4],[146],[147.7],[149],[152.3],[153.9],[156.4],[157.9],[139.3],[141.2],[143.9],[145.4],[149],[151.3],[152.8],[7.6],[112.6],[155],[158.4],[160.3],[163.7],[165.1],[165.1],[153],[154.8],[161.8],[165.1],[167.5],[145.4],[150.1],[155.9],[158],[163],[156.3]],[[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[167.5],[138.7],[142.2],[147],[148.8],[153.5],[156.3]]]

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Replacement of Child Care Benefit and Child Care Rebate by Child Care Subsidy.
Introduction of fee-free child care on 6 April 2020 leading to a 95% price fall.
Increase in Child Care Subsidy for two or more kids.
Increase in Child Care Subsidy rate and expansion of eligibility.
Dec-24 Child care correction applied to 'Child care index as published' series.

Index, Financial year 2011-12 = 100.0

Health group (-0.2%)

Transport group (-0.7%)

Communication group (+0.5%)

Recreation and culture group (+1.5%)

Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+5.7%) was the main contributor to the rise due to an increase in travel demand during the school holiday period driving up prices for airfares and accommodation.

Holiday travel and accommodation, Australia, quarterly movement (%)
	Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (%)	International holiday travel and accommodation (%)	Holiday travel and accommodation sub group (%)
Dec-2019	7.3	-2.9	1.9
Mar-2020	-3.1	-3.0	-3.2
Jun-2020	-2.0	-2.0	-1.9
Sep-2020	1.5	1.6	1.5
Dec-2020	6.3	0.9	6.1
Mar-2021	-1.8	0.5	-1.7
Jun-2021	-1.3	8.6	-1.0
Sep-2021	0.8	-4.9	0.6
Dec-2021	4.8	16.3	5.2
Mar-2022	0.3	-23.1	-0.6
Jun-2022	1.7	19.9	2.3
Sep-2022	3.6	16.8	4.0
Dec-2022	13.3	7.6	10.9
Mar-2023	4.7	-8.2	-0.7
Jun-2023	-7.2	6.2	-2.0
Sep-2023	-2.5	0.5	-0.9
Dec-2023	3.9	-1.5	1.0
Mar-2024	1.3	-5.9	-2.0
Jun-2024	-4.8	8.1	0.9
Sep-2024	1.1	1.9	1.4
Dec-2024	5.7	0.3	3.1

Holiday travel and accommodation, Australia, quarterly movement (%)

["","Domestic holiday travel and accommodation","International holiday travel and accommodation","Holiday travel and accommodation sub group"]

[["Dec-2019","Mar-2020","Jun-2020","Sep-2020","Dec-2020","Mar-2021","Jun-2021","Sep-2021","Dec-2021","Mar-2022","Jun-2022","Sep-2022","Dec-2022","Mar-2023","Jun-2023","Sep-2023","Dec-2023","Mar-2024","Jun-2024","Sep-2024","Dec-2024"],[[7.3],[-3.1],[-2],[1.5],[6.3],[-1.8],[-1.3],[0.8],[4.8],[0.3],[1.7],[3.6],[13.3],[4.7],[-7.2],[-2.5],[3.9],[1.3],[-4.8],[1.1],[5.7]],[[-2.9],[-3],[-2],[1.6],[0.9],[0.5],[8.6],[-4.9],[16.3],[-23.1],[19.9],[16.8],[7.6],[-8.2],[6.2],[0.5],[-1.5],[-5.9],[8.1],[1.9],[0.3]],[[1.9],[-3.2],[-1.9],[1.5],[6.1],[-1.7],[-1],[0.6],[5.2],[-0.6],[2.3],[4],[10.9],[-0.7],[-2],[-0.9],[1],[-2],[0.9],[1.4],[3.1]]]

[]

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Over the past twelve months the group rose 3.3%. Holiday Travel and Accommodation (+3.4%) was the main contributor, followed by Other recreation, sport and culture (+3.2%).

Education group (+0.0%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.8%)

Insurance, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Dec-99	6.3	9.9
Mar-00	8.2	19.8
Jun-00	9.7	30.8
Sep-00	5.0	32.4
Dec-00	0.8	25.6
Mar-01	1.8	18.3
Jun-01	1.5	9.4
Sep-01	2.8	7.1
Dec-01	-0.2	6.0
Mar-02	2.7	6.9
Jun-02	0.5	5.8
Sep-02	1.4	4.4
Dec-02	0.3	4.9
Mar-03	-0.2	2.0
Jun-03	0.0	1.5
Sep-03	1.5	1.7
Dec-03	-0.1	1.2
Mar-04	0.9	2.3
Jun-04	-0.4	1.8
Sep-04	1.0	1.3
Dec-04	0.1	1.6
Mar-05	0.6	1.3
Jun-05	1.2	3.0
Sep-05	1.1	3.1
Dec-05	0.9	3.8
Mar-06	0.7	3.9
Jun-06	1.0	3.7
Sep-06	2.1	4.7
Dec-06	-0.5	3.2
Mar-07	0.0	2.5
Jun-07	0.7	2.2
Sep-07	1.1	1.2
Dec-07	1.2	3.0
Mar-08	2.0	5.0
Jun-08	2.6	7.0
Sep-08	2.9	9.0
Dec-08	1.6	9.4
Mar-09	2.9	10.4
Jun-09	1.3	9.0
Sep-09	2.7	8.7
Dec-09	1.4	8.5
Mar-10	1.6	7.1
Jun-10	-0.5	5.1
Sep-10	1.9	4.3
Dec-10	0.5	3.5
Mar-11	1.2	3.1
Jun-11	1.6	5.3
Sep-11	2.8	6.3
Dec-11	1.3	7.1
Mar-12	1.4	7.4
Jun-12	1.3	7.0
Sep-12	2.6	6.8
Dec-12	2.9	8.5
Mar-13	1.9	9.0
Jun-13	-0.1	7.5
Sep-13	-0.7	4.0
Dec-13	-0.1	1.0
Mar-14	0.3	-0.6
Jun-14	-1.3	-1.8
Sep-14	0.7	-0.4
Dec-14	1.3	1.0
Mar-15	0.4	1.1
Jun-15	0.3	2.7
Sep-15	1.1	3.0
Dec-15	2.1	3.8
Mar-16	1.7	5.2
Jun-16	1.4	6.3
Sep-16	2.5	7.8
Dec-16	2.0	7.7
Mar-17	0.8	6.8
Jun-17	-1.0	4.3
Sep-17	1.9	3.7
Dec-17	1.8	3.5
Mar-18	0.6	3.3
Jun-18	0.9	5.4
Sep-18	0.7	4.2
Dec-18	0.6	2.9
Mar-19	-0.3	2.0
Jun-19	0.1	1.1
Sep-19	0.5	0.9
Dec-19	0.4	0.7
Mar-20	0.7	1.7
Jun-20	0.8	2.4
Sep-20	0.5	2.4
Dec-20	0.7	2.7
Mar-21	0.4	2.3
Jun-21	1.3	2.9
Sep-21	1.2	3.6
Dec-21	0.4	3.4
Mar-22	1.1	4.2
Jun-22	0.3	3.1
Sep-22	2.3	4.2
Dec-22	2.5	6.3
Mar-23	3.5	8.8
Jun-23	5.3	14.2
Sep-23	2.8	14.7
Dec-23	3.8	16.2
Mar-24	3.7	16.4
Jun-24	3.1	14.0
Sep-24	2.8	14.0
Dec-24	1.1	11.0

International trade exposure - tradables and non-tradables

Discretionary and non-discretionary inflation

Underlying inflation series

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Sep Qtr 2024 to Dec Qtr 2024 percentage change
	Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI	0.2	0.3
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.2	0.6
Alcohol and tobacco	2.4	1.7
Clothing and footwear	0.1	-0.4
Housing	-0.7	-0.6
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.2	0.1
Health	-0.2	1.1
Transport	-0.7	-0.5
Communication	0.5	0.4
Recreation and culture	1.5	0.6
Education	0.0	0.7
Insurance and financial services	0.8	0.8
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	-0.2	0.1
	Non-tradables	0.3	0.3

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, quarterly movement (%)
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter (%)
Weighted average of eight capital cities		0.2
Canberra	0.1
Darwin	-0.1
Hobart	1.5
Perth	0.7
Adelaide	-0.1
Brisbane	0.6
Melbourne	0.1
Sydney	-0.1

All groups CPI, quarterly movement (%)

["All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["Weighted average of eight capital cities","Canberra","Darwin","Hobart","Perth","Adelaide","Brisbane","Melbourne","Sydney"],[[null],[0.1],[-0.1],[1.5],[0.7],[-0.1],[0.6],[0.1],[-0.1]],[[0.2],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

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All groups CPI, index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change (%)
	Dec Qtr 2024	Sep Qtr 2024 to Dec Qtr 2024	Dec Qtr 2023 to Dec Qtr 2024
Sydney	139.7	-0.1	2.4
Melbourne	139.5	0.1	2.5
Brisbane	140.2	0.6	1.8
Adelaide	140.5	-0.1	2.5
Perth	137.9	0.7	2.9
Hobart	138.9	1.5	1.5
Darwin	133.7	-0.1	1.7
Canberra	137.3	0.1	2.2
Weighted average of eight capital cities	139.4	0.2	2.4

a. Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

Capital city highlights:

At the All groups level, five capital cities recorded rises, ranging from 0.1% in Melbourne and Canberra to 1.5% in Hobart. Falls were recorded in Sydney (-0.1%), Adelaide (-0.1%) and Darwin (-0.1%).

Sydney (-0.1%)

Melbourne (+0.1%)

Brisbane (+0.6%)

Adelaide (-0.1%)

Perth (+0.7%)

Hobart (+1.5%)

Darwin (-0.1%)

Canberra (+0.1%)

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Group	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	-0.1	0.1	0.6	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.2
Alcohol & tobacco	1.8	3.0	2.4	2.5	1.9	3.2	2.3	1.1	2.4
Clothing & footwear	-0.7	0.7	1.3	-0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Housing	-1.6	-1.9	1.8	-2.3	3.2	4.9	-1.5	-0.5	-0.7
Furnishings, household equipment and services	0.0	0.3	-1.1	0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.4	-0.7	-0.2
Health	-0.1	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Transport	-0.2	-0.4	-1.6	-0.2	-1.5	-1.0	-1.6	-1.6	-0.7
Communication	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
Recreation & culture	1.5	2.0	1.4	1.5	0.8	2.6	0.4	1.1	1.5
Education	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Insurance & financial services	0.5	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.9	0.8

Trimmed mean measure

The following table summarises the Expenditure Classes that were excluded ('trimmed out') as part of the calculation of the quarterly Trimmed Mean.

There are three steps involved in calculating the Trimmed Mean. Firstly, the seasonally adjusted quarterly percentage changes for each of the 87 CPI Expenditure Classes (ECs) are calculated and ranked from lowest to highest. Each EC has a weight that represents the proportion of expenditure spent on it out of total household expenditure. The second step uses these weights to work out which ECs (including parts of the ECs that are on the 15 per cent and 85 per cent borders) make up the top and bottom 15 per cent of the distribution. These are the ECs that are 'trimmed out'. Finally the Trimmed Mean is calculated as the weighted average of the quarterly movements for the remaining 70 per cent of ECs by weight.

Two important points to note about how the Trimmed mean is calculated are:

The selection and number of ECs trimmed changes from quarter to quarter depending on the distribution of the quarterly movements and the weights of the ECs at the lower and upper end of the distribution.
To produce the Trimmed mean, the seasonally adjusted quarterly movement for each EC is used. Without the use of seasonally adjusted movements, some ECs may always be excluded from the Trimmed mean due to the volatile nature of their price change resulting from seasonal factors (e.g. holiday travel).

For more details about the Trimmed mean see Underlying Inflation Measures: Explaining the Trimmed Mean

December 2024 quarter Trimmed mean

Lower trim
CPI Expenditure class	Quarterly movement (%) (seasonally adjusted)	Status
Electricity	-10.0	Trimmed
Child care	-4.5	Trimmed
Urban transport fares	-3.0	Trimmed
Small electric household appliances	-2.9	Trimmed
Garments for men	-2.9	Trimmed
Automotive fuel	-1.9	Trimmed
Pets and related products	-1.4	Trimmed
Personal care products	-1.3	Trimmed
Footwear for women	-1.3	Trimmed
Tools and equipment for house and garden	-1.2	Trimmed
Fish and other seafood	-1.0	Trimmed
Postal services	-1.0	Trimmed
Therapeutic appliances and equipment	-0.8	Trimmed
Fruit	-0.8	Trimmed
Other non-durable household products	-0.6	Trimmed
Milk	-0.6	Trimmed
Audio, visual and computing equipment	-0.6	Trimmed
Footwear for men	-0.6	Trimmed
Footwear for infants and children	-0.5	Trimmed
Ice cream and other dairy products	-0.5	Trimmed
Other services in respect of motor vehicles	-0.5	Partially trimmed

Upper trim
CPI Expenditure class	Quarterly movement (%) (seasonally adjusted)	Status
Gas and other household fuels	1.2	Partially trimmed
Insurance	1.3	Trimmed
Other meats	1.3	Trimmed
Medical and hospital services	1.4	Trimmed
Other household services	1.4	Trimmed
Veterinary and other services for pets	1.4	Trimmed
Spirits	1.5	Trimmed
Books	1.6	Trimmed
Bread	1.7	Trimmed
Games, toys and hobbies	2.2	Trimmed
Glassware, tableware and household utensils	2.3	Trimmed
Furniture	3.0	Trimmed
Tobacco	3.2	Trimmed
Lamb and goat	5.3	Trimmed
Eggs	5.4	Trimmed

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, Index numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2024 December	139.7	139.5	140.2	140.5	137.9	138.9	133.7	137.3	139.4
2024 September	139.8	139.3	139.4	140.6	137.0	136.8	133.8	137.2	139.1
2024 June	139.1	138.4	140.6	139.9	137.6	138.3	133.6	136.8	138.8
2024 March	137.7	137.5	139.2	138.1	134.8	138.1	132.4	135.6	137.4
2023 December	136.4	136.1	137.7	137.1	134.0	136.8	131.5	134.3	136.1
2023 September	135.8	135.3	137.0	136.2	132.0	135.8	130.9	133.7	135.3
2023 June	134.0	133.5	136.0	133.9	131.5	134.6	129.7	132.7	133.7
2023 March	132.7	132.7	134.6	132.4	130.4	134.0	128.2	131.3	132.6
2022 December	130.9	131.1	132.1	130.8	129.3	132.4	126.6	129.5	130.8
2022 September	128.6	129.0	130.2	128.6	124.8	130.5	125.5	128.0	128.4
2022 June	125.7	126.4	127.9	125.3	125.4	127.6	123.2	125.6	126.1
2022 March	123.7	124.2	125.3	122.7	123.3	125.4	120.7	123.6	123.9
2021 December	121.6	121.4	122.6	120.4	119.4	122.9	118.2	120.9	121.3
2021 September	120.2	120.1	120.7	118.6	117.7	120.2	117.3	119.7	119.7
2021 June	119.4	119.1	119.2	117.8	116.8	119.8	115.6	118.2	118.8
2021 March	118.5	118.8	118.2	117.2	114.6	118.5	114.4	117.3	117.9
2020 December	118.0	118.4	117.5	116.5	113.0	117.6	111.5	116.3	117.2
2020 September	116.8	116.7	116.2	115.7	114.1	116.7	110.8	115.4	116.2
2023-24	137.3	136.8	138.6	137.8	134.6	137.3	132.1	135.1	136.9
2022-23	131.6	131.6	133.2	131.4	129.0	132.9	127.5	130.4	131.4
2021-22	122.8	123.0	124.1	121.8	121.5	124.0	119.9	122.5	122.8
2020-21	118.2	118.3	117.8	116.8	114.6	118.2	113.1	116.8	117.5

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage change (from previous financial year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2023-24	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.9	4.3	3.3	3.6	3.6	4.2
2022-23	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.9	6.2	7.1	6.4	6.5	7.0
2021-22	3.9	4.0	5.4	4.2	6.0	5.0	6.0	4.8	4.4
2020-21	1.5	1.4	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.6

Percentage change (from corresponding quarter of previous year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2024 December	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.5	2.9	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.4
2024 September	2.9	3.0	1.8	3.2	3.8	0.7	2.2	2.6	2.8
2024 June	3.8	3.7	3.4	4.5	4.6	2.7	3.0	3.1	3.8
2024 March	3.8	3.6	3.4	4.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.6
2023 December	4.2	3.8	4.2	4.8	3.6	3.3	3.9	3.7	4.1
2023 September	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.9	5.8	4.1	4.3	4.5	5.4
2023 June	6.6	5.6	6.3	6.9	4.9	5.5	5.3	5.7	6.0
2023 March	7.3	6.8	7.4	7.9	5.8	6.9	6.2	6.2	7.0
2022 December	7.6	8.0	7.7	8.6	8.3	7.7	7.1	7.1	7.8
2022 September	7.0	7.4	7.9	8.4	6.0	8.6	7.0	6.9	7.3
2022 June	5.3	6.1	7.3	6.4	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.3	6.1
2022 March	4.4	4.5	6.0	4.7	7.6	5.8	5.5	5.4	5.1
2021 December	3.1	2.5	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.5	6.0	4.0	3.5
2021 September	2.9	2.9	3.9	2.5	3.2	3.0	5.9	3.7	3.0
2021 June	4.1	2.9	4.9	2.8	4.2	3.6	6.1	4.8	3.8
2021 March	0.9	0.8	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.1	2.3	1.6	1.1
2020 December	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.0	-0.1	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.9

Percentage change (from previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2024 December	-0.1	0.1	0.6	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1	0.1	0.2
2024 September	0.5	0.7	-0.9	0.5	-0.4	-1.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
2024 June	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.3	2.1	0.1	0.9	0.9	1.0
2024 March	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.6	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.0
2023 December	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	1.5	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.6
2023 September	1.3	1.3	0.7	1.7	0.4	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.2
2023 June	1.0	0.6	1.0	1.1	0.8	0.4	1.2	1.1	0.8
2023 March	1.4	1.2	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4
2022 December	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.7	3.6	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.9
2022 September	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.6	-0.5	2.3	1.9	1.9	1.8
2022 June	1.6	1.8	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	2.1	1.6	1.8
2022 March	1.7	2.3	2.2	1.9	3.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1
2021 December	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
2021 September	0.7	0.8	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.3	1.5	1.3	0.8
2021 June	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8
2021 March	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9

Longer term series: All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers
	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2024	137.4	138.8	139.1	139.4
2023	132.6	133.7	135.3	136.1
2022	123.9	126.1	128.4	130.8
2021	117.9	118.8	119.7	121.3
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4

Data downloads

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Time series spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
Download xlsx [89.04 KB]
TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
Download xlsx [91.92 KB]
TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
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TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xlsx [508.7 KB]
TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xlsx [147.21 KB]
TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
Download xlsx [1.54 MB]
TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
Download xlsx [1.35 MB]
TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
Download xlsx [1.31 MB]
TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
Download xlsx [315.9 KB]
TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xlsx [177.72 KB]
TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xlsx [226.01 KB]

Article archive

CPI feature articles

CPI enhancements

CPI weight updates

Response to COVID-19

CPI 17th series review

Measuring Rents in the CPI

New data source:

As outlined in the ABS’ information paper Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia, from July 2022 the ABS has incorporated a new data source to measure the Rents series in the monthly CPI indicator and the quarterly CPI.
The Rents series prior to July 2022 was measured on a quarterly basis using a survey of approximately 4,000 rental properties collected directly from real estate agents.
The new dataset obtained by the ABS is updated monthly and includes approximately 480,000 rental properties that are used to produce the CPI Rents series across all capital cities.

What the CPI Rents series measures:

The CPI measures the prices being paid by households for the goods and services that they consume during a particular measurement period (e.g. month or quarter). In the case of rents, this means that the CPI measures the current ‘price’ being paid by all types of households that rent including new and existing renters who are renting privately or from the government.
Measures of rental inflation that are based on newly advertised rental properties only measure changes in the asking or advertised price of rental properties for new tenancies. At any given time, newly advertised tenancies represent a relatively small proportion of properties being rented in Australia. The Rents series used for the CPI measures actual rents paid rather than advertised prices.
Advertised rents tend to reflect the dynamic end of the rental market where the price change for new tenancies can be more volatile than that being experienced by renters with existing tenancy agreements.
Price changes observed in advertised rents series are expected to eventually flow through to the CPI Rents series. However, the small share of rental properties leased to new tenants each quarter means that it takes some time for changes in advertised rents to impact price change observed in the CPI Rents series.
A useful analogy is to think about a bathtub of water. The water in the tub represents all rents being paid by households, while the water entering the tub from the tap represents new rental agreements. The CPI series is measuring the overall temperature of the bathtub whereas an advertised rents series measures the temperature of the water flowing into the tub. It will take some time for the flow of water to change the overall temperature of the water in the bathtub.

Using price indexes

Price indexes in contracts

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis. Price indexes are also often used in contracts by businesses and government to adjust payments and/or charges to take account of changes in categories of prices (Indexation Clauses).

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

Frequently asked questions

The Frequently Asked Questions page has answers to a number of common questions to do with price indexes and the Consumer Price Index in particular.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 6401.0.

Methodology

Consumer Price Index, Australia methodology, December Quarter 2024

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APA

Consumer Price Index, Australia

APA

Key statistics

What's new this quarter

Correction to Child care costs in the CPI

Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates

Trimmed mean table added

Update to the CPI weights next quarter

Monthly CPI Indicator

Complete monthly measure of the CPI

Main features

Overview

CPI and Trimmed mean annual inflation both lower

Goods inflation lowest since 2016

Services inflation remains elevated

Non-discretionary inflation lowest since 2021

Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills

Automotive fuel prices lower compared to 12 months ago

New dwelling price growth lowest since 2021

Rental price growth moderated by Commonwealth Rent Assistance changes

Changes to Commonwealth Rent Assistance

Annual food inflation eases slightly

Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.2%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+2.4%)

Clothing and footwear group (+0.1%)

Housing group (-0.7%)

Utilities

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers

Rents

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (-0.2%)

Health group (-0.2%)

Transport group (-0.7%)

Communication group (+0.5%)

Recreation and culture group (+1.5%)

Education group (+0.0%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.8%)

International trade exposure - tradables and non-tradables

Discretionary and non-discretionary inflation

Underlying inflation series

Underlying inflation series

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

Capital city highlights:

Sydney (-0.1%)

Melbourne (+0.1%)

Brisbane (+0.6%)

Adelaide (-0.1%)

Perth (+0.7%)

Hobart (+1.5%)

Darwin (-0.1%)

Canberra (+0.1%)

Trimmed mean measure

December 2024 quarter Trimmed mean

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Longer term series: All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes

TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes

TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City

TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City

TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City

TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City

TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City

TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City

TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

Article archive

CPI feature articles

CPI enhancements

CPI weight updates

Response to COVID-19