Gross value added

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} \times \Big ( \frac{state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC} }\Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} ×\Big(\frac{ national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state\space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{industry \space division}=\sum \limits_{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

Estimates in current prices are deflated using national level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS sales data is used to backcast EAS sales data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

National price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate estimates of output by industry and state.

The price indices used are the same as those used to derive volume estimates in QBIS.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02 (for both current price values and chain volume measures). Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of output and intermediate use by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using product level indicators. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \sum \limits _{Product} \frac{\space state \space output \space indicator_{product}}{national \space output \space indicator_{product} }\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}= national \space TIU_{SUIC} × \sum \limits _{Product} \frac{\space state \space output \space indicator_{product}}{national \space output \space indicator_{product} }\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{subdivision01}=\sum \limits_{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

Agricultural output at state level is compiled for the following products:

• livestock
• milk, eggs, and honey
• wool
• cereal grains
• barley, oats, rice, sorghum & cereal grains n.e.c.
• other grains n.e.c.
• fodder & grass
• plants & flowers
• sugar cane
• other agriculture (includes cotton, wine grapes and hops).

Volume estimates of output are calculated by quantity revaluing CPV estimates using the quantity of output. Selected products of intermediate use are calculated by quantity revaluing CPV estimates. Other selected products are price deflated using mainly producer price indexes.

State estimates of quantity by product are calculated using the same top-down approach as for the CPV estimates. The resulting volume series are chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Latest year estimates are produced using output indicators derived from the Agricultural Commodities report published by Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES).

Detailed commodity data is available from Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia

Latest year estimates are produced using output indicators derived from the Agricultural Commodities report published by Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES).

Marketing costs are derived from Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia. Costs are compiled at a product level. To derive volume estimates, marketing costs are quantity revalued using output quantity indicators.

Seed costs indicator is derived from ABARES data on agricultural commodity sowing areas as the indicator. Fodder costs are derived using livestock output as the indicator. To derive volume indicators, manufactured fodder is deflated using relevant national prices indexes from the Producer price Indexes. Hay is quantity revalued using data from Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced.

Other input costs such as chemicals, electricity, fuel and maintenance are apportioned across states using ABARES data. Volume estimates for fertiliser is derived using a national deflator which is derived by revaluing national fertiliser costs. For other input costs, current price value estimates are deflated using the relevant national level component price indices published in the Agricultural Commodities report by ABARES.

State estimates of output and intermediate use by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using product level indicators. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

 \(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \sum \limits_{Product} \frac{\space state \space output \space indicator_{product}}{national \space output \space indicator_{product} }\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}= national \space TIU_{SUIC} × \sum \limits _{Product} \frac{\space state \space output \space indicator_{product}}{national \space output \space indicator_{product} }\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{subdivision02-05}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

Volume estimates of output are calculated by quantity revaluing CPV estimates using the quantity of output. Volume estimates of intermediate use is apportioned across states using proportions of intermediate use volumes derived by deflating current price values using output prices.

State estimates of quantity by product are calculated using the same top-down approach as for the CPV estimates. The resulting volume series are chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Subdivisions 06, 07, 08 and 09: State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using commodity level indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. ANZSIC division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \sum \limits _{commodity} \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{Commodity}}{national \space output \space indicator_{Commodity}}\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivB}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

Volume estimates of output are calculated by quantity revaluing CPV estimates using the quantity of output by commodity. State estimates of quantity by commodity are calculated using the same top-down approach as for the CPV estimates. The resulting volume series are chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Subdivision 10: Compiled using the same method as the majority of industry divisions (as listed in an earlier table).

Mining commodities data collected from state and territory government is used to apportion national value and quantity estimates across states and territories.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS sales data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

National price indices for subdivision 10 are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02 (for both current price values and chain volume measures). The backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. ANZSIC division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

 \(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivD}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated using national level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS), in conjunction with sales data for the public non-financial corporation sector sourced from Government Finance Statistics (GFS), is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) in conjunction with sales data for the general government sector sourced from GFS (for subdivisions 28 and 29), is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS and GFS sales data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

National price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output. The price indices used are the same as those used to derive volume estimates in QBIS.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02 (for both current price values and chain volume measures). Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. ANZSIC division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivE}=\sum \limits_{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated using state and national level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Quarterly estimates of gross fixed capital formation, that are conceptually aligned to the subdivisions, are annualised, and aggregated, then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS sales data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02 (for both current price values and chain volume measures). Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State and territory construction price information is used to deflate CPV estimates of state output through the entire time series.

National price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output from 2001-02 to current year. In the back series, historical volume estimates are used to backcast CPV estimates of state and territory output.

State estimates of GVA for the industry division are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU.

 \(\Large state \space output_{DivG}= national \space output_{DivG} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{DivG}}{national \space output \space indicator_{DivG}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{DivG}=state \space output_{DivG} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{DivG}}{national \space output_{DivG} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivG}=state \space output_{DivG}-state \space TIU_{DivG}\)

CPV estimates are deflated using state level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Sales data from the Retail Trade Survey is combined with HFCE data on motor vehicle purchases and motor vehicle operations expenses, and is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

The combined Retail Trade and HFCE data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State price indices for the division are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output. The price indices used are the same as those used to derive volume estimates for the Retail Trade survey.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivI}=\sum \limits_{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated or quantity revalued using national level price indices or quantity data, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey (QBIS) is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS sales data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State quantity information, for water and air transport, published by the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics (BITRE) is used to quantity revalue CPV estimates of state output.

National price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02. This applies to all subdivisions for current price values, and for chain volume measures except in the case of subdivisions 48 and 49 where the availability of BITRE quantity information removes the need to backcast volume data.

Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) and volume estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

 \(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivK}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

The volume estimates are chained to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Estimates of hours worked from the Labour Force Survey are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivO}=\sum \limits_{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated using national level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

General government production by state is estimated on a cost basis. Industry estimates of government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) from Government Finance Statistics (GFS) are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

For values prior to 1997-98, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 1997-98. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

National price indices by division or SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivP}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates for subdivision 80 and 81 are quantity revalued using state-based quantity information, and for subdivision 82 are deflated using national level price indices. The resulting volume estimates are chained to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

General government production by state is estimated on a cost basis. Industry estimates of government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) from the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) collection are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Expenditure data from GFS is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS) is used to apportion national output across states and territories

For values prior to 2006-07, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2006-07. Those backcasted values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State quantity information, for primary, secondary and tertiary student enrolments, is used to quantity revalue CPV estimates of state output. The student numbers are sourced from the ABS Schools publication, the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER), and the Commonwealth Department of Education, Skills and Employment.

A national price index for subdivision 82 is used to deflate CPV estimates of state output.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivQ}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated using state level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Medicare data from the Commonwealth Department of Health is used to extrapolate forward the output indicators. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Industry estimates of government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) from the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) collection are used to apportion national public sector output across states and territories.

Data from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) is used to apportion national private sector output across states and territories.

The sector data is combined to form aggregate output indicators.

Medicare data from the Commonwealth Department of Health is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Population data from the ABS National, State and Territory Population publication is used to extrapolate forward GFS expenditure data. Those extrapolated values are then used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Industry estimates of government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) from the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) collection are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output.

State estimates of GVA by SUIC industry are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU. Industry division estimates are calculated as the sum of relevant SUIC industry estimates.

\(\Large state \space output_{SUIC}= national \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{ state \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}}{national \space output \space indicator_{SUIC}} \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space TIU_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC} × \Big( \frac{national \space TIU_{SUIC}}{national \space output_{SUIC} } \Big)\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{SUIC}=state \space output_{SUIC}-state \space TIU_{SUIC}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA_{DivR}=\sum \limits _{SUIC}(state \space GVA_{SUIC} ) \)

CPV estimates are deflated using state level price indices, and chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Sales data from the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey is used to extrapolate forward EAS sales data. Expenditure data for the general government sector, sourced from Government Finance Statistics (GFS), is added to derive output indicators which are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

Sales data from the Economic Activity Survey (EAS), in conjunction with expenditure data for the general government sector, sourced from GFS, is used to apportion national output across states and territories.

QBIS sales data is used to backcast EAS data from 2006-07. Expenditure data for the general government sector, sourced from GFS, is added to derive output indicators which are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

National price indices by SUIC industry are used to deflate CPV estimates of state output. The price indices used are the same as those used to derive volume estimates in QBIS.

For values prior to 2001-02, output indicators were estimated consistent with the source data and methods outlined in the 2015 version of this Concepts, Source and Methods publication. Those estimates are used to backcast the output indicators from 2001-02 (for both current price values and chain volume measures). Those backcasted values are used to apportion national output across states and territories.

State estimates of GVA for ownership of dwellings are calculated by apportioning national current price value (CPV) and volume estimates of output across states and territories using relevant indicators. Total intermediate use (TIU) is calculated by holding the national ratio of output to TIU fixed across states and territories. GVA is derived as the difference between output and TIU.

\(\Large state \space output= national \space output × \frac{state \space output \space indicator}{national \space output \space indicator}\)

\(\Large state \space TIU=state \space output × \frac{national \space TIU}{national \space output}\)

\(\Large state \space GVA=state \space output - state \space TIU\)

The volume estimates are chained, to produce chain volume measures of output, TIU and GVA.

Volumes and current price values of imputed and actual rent are sourced from household final consumption expenditure (HFCE) estimates. These estimates are used to apportion national output across states and territories.