Preschool Education methodology

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Reference period
2022
Released
30/03/2023

Data collection

Introduction

This publication contains statistics on preschool programs in Australia and includes data on children enrolled in and attending preschool programs, and information on service providers. The statistics were compiled from data collected through the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection (NECECC or the collection). 

The NECECC was established in 2010 to improve the quality of early childhood education (ECE) data required for reporting under National Partnership Agreements. Data from the NECECC also supports national ECE reporting through the Report on Government Services and Closing the Gap. The Australian Government and the state and territory governments share responsibility for ECE, and these ECE programs are administered through a range of government and non-government service providers. In delivering the NECECC, the ABS collects, processes, and disseminates the data, and appreciates the support and efforts from governments, education offices and ECE service providers in the production of this publication.

Scope and coverage

The scope of the NECECC consists of all service providers delivering a preschool program to children aged 3 to 6 years (inclusive) enrolled during the reference period.

A service provider is considered to be in-scope if it was providing a structured, play based learning program, delivered by a degree qualified teacher, aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling (a preschool program) during the reference period.

Children who were aged 3 to 6 years (inclusive) at 1 July in the collection year and were enrolled in a preschool program during the reference period are in-scope. To be considered enrolled, the child must have attended the preschool program for at least one hour during the reference period (including attended an early childhood education program online or remotely, due to COVID-19 impacts), or be absent due to illness, or extended holiday leave, or due to COVID-19 impacts and expected to return.

To achieve comprehensive coverage, data were sourced from the Australian Government, state and territory education departments and the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn. The data are sourced from administrative collections, supplemented where necessary to improve the coverage of service providers not otherwise captured due to funding, regulation or licensing arrangements. The coverage in each state and territory for the 2022 collection is described in Jurisdictional data quality statements.

Information on preschool programs delivered in centre based day care (CBDC) settings was provided by the Australian Government from the Child Care Subsidy System (CCSS), supplemented by jurisdictional CBDC data where provided. All services approved for administering Child Care Subsidy (CCS) must provide data.

Preschool program

For the purposes of the NECECC, a preschool program is defined as a structured, play-based learning program, delivered by a degree qualified teacher, aimed primarily at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. A preschool program can be delivered in a variety of settings such as stand-alone preschools, preschools co-located as part of a school (both government and non-government), and centre based day care (CBDC) services. A child may attend both a preschool and a separate or adjoined child care facility, such as family day care, outside school hours care, vacation care, in-home care and occasional care services. Participation in preschool is not compulsory and is influenced by parental preference and other factors, such as school starting age in the particular jurisdiction.

Preschool programs are referred to by a variety of other terms across state and territories. Preschool age entry requirements also differ across states and territories. These differences are summarised in the following table:

Preschool programs in Australia
 Preschool programTransition to primary school Foundation year (year prior to year 1)
State/territoryProgram nameAge of entry - preschool program in
year before full time schooling (YBFS)
School yearAge of entry
New South Wales (a)PreschoolGenerally aged 4 and 5 Kindergarten5 by 31 July
Victoria (b)Kindergarten4 by 30 AprilPreparatory (Prep)5 by 30 April
QueenslandKindergarten4 by 30 JunePreparatory (Prep)5 by 30 June
Western AustraliaKindergarten4 by 30 JunePre Primary5 by 30 June
South Australia (c)Preschool4 by 1 MayReception5 by 1 May
TasmaniaKindergarten4 by 1 JanuaryPreparatory5 by 1 January
Australian Capital TerritoryPreschool4 by 30 AprilKindergarten5 by 30 April
Northern Territory (d)Preschool4 by 30 JuneTransition5 by 30 June
  1. New South Wales subsidises early access to community preschool for 3 year old Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and 3 year old children from low-income families. In New South Wales, all licensed children’s services for under 6 year olds (who have not commenced Kindergarten) are required to offer programs that meet children’s educational and developmental needs.
  2. In Victoria, funded Thee-Year-Old Kindergarten was available statewide from 2022. This is in addition to Three-Year-Old Kindergarten already being available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and children experiencing vulnerability and disadvantaged. 
  3. South Australia provides early access to Department funded preschool for children who are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or under the Guardianship of the Minister after their 3rd Birthday. The compulsory school starting age in South Australia is 6 years at the oldest.
  4. In the Northern Territory, children living in very remote areas can attend preschool from the age of three, provided a parent/guardian accompany the child and remain with them at each session until they reach the age of three years and six months.
    Source: Report on Government Services.

Collection date and reference period

The NECECC date is the first Friday in August each year. The census date for the 2022 collection was Friday 5 August 2022, with the 1 week reference period from 1 August to 7 August 2022. Some jurisdictions use a 2 week reference period that includes the census week. This means the permissible reference period spans 24 July to 12 August 2022 inclusive. In exceptional circumstances a different reference period may be used if agreed to by the Australian Department of Education, the jurisdiction and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Collection dates and reference periods for 2022 are summarised in the table below.

Collection dates and reference periods
State/territoryCollection dateReference period
Australian Government5 August 20221 August - 7 August 2022
New South Wales5 August 20221 August - 12 August 2022(a)
Victoria5 August 20221 August - 6 August 2022
Queensland5 August 20221 August - 7 August 2022
South Australia5 August 20221 August - 12 August 2022(a)
Western Australia5 August 20221 August - 5 August 2022
Tasmania5 August 20221 August - 12 August 2022(a)
Northern Territory5 August 202220 June - 5 August 2022(b)
Australian Capital Territory5 August 202225 July - 5 August 2022(a)(c)
29 July - 11 August 2022(a)(d)
1 August - 12 August 2022(a)(e)
  1. Jurisdiction collected data for a fortnightly reference period to reflect their preschool delivery model.
  2. Reference period for NT did not apply for school holidays between 27 June 2022 - 18 July 2022. In addition, one remote school operates on different school terms. The reference period for this school is 6 June - 12 August.
  3. Reference period for ACT Catholic preschools.
  4. Reference period for ACT Government preschools.
  5. Reference period for ACT Independent preschools.

Processing the data

Data quality and comparability

To ensure national comparability, all jurisdictions were required to follow national data standards. The Early Childhood Education and Care National Minimum Data Set (ECEC NMDS) is a set of national data standards established by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) together with the ABS, the Department of Education, and state and territory departments responsible for ECE. More information on the ECEC NMDS can be found on the AIHW website.

Jurisdictional data quality statements details if and where jurisdictions were unable to align their collection methods with the ECEC NMDS. Issues affecting data comparability between the states and territories are included as footnotes and/or explanatory notes within this publication.

Statistics in this release may not be fully comparable with previous releases due to differences in coverage and methodologies. Caution should therefore be used when comparing the data over time. Key methodology changes and impacts on data quality over time include:

From 2018, and previously from 2016, the ABS has improved the approach to data linkage in the NECECC to enhance the accuracy of child counts. Improvements were made to the way records were linked (when representing the same child), within data provided by a jurisdiction, or across CBDC data provided by both the Australian Government and jurisdictions. These changes reduced over-counts of children. Ongoing improvements to the data linkage methodology may continue over time.

From 2016, the Australian Government expanded the strategy for identifying children in the CCMS. As a result, all children at CBDCs (of the appropriate age) are recorded as attending a preschool program. This affected the count of children aged 3 years enrolled in a preschool program. Prior to 2016 the Australian Government imputed attendance data in the CCMS data extracted for the NECECC to factor for under reporting by provider.

From 2018, the Australian Government implemented the new Child Care Subsidy System (CCSS), replacing the older Child Care Management System (CCMS).

From 2018 fees for preschool programs delivered in centre-based day care have been derived using data (fees and enrolled hours) supplied by the Australian Government in the CCSS dataset. This was to ensure that all preschool program fees provided were inclusive of government subsidies and that there was consistency between the numerator (fees) and denominator (enrolled hours) for the hourly fees to be derived.

Care should be taken when interpreting the results in this publication. COVID-19 restrictions eased when the NECECC was conducted during the census period 1 August to 7 August 2022. However, enrolment and attendance data may still be impacted in some states and territories by decisions of parents/guardians about sending children to early childhood education and care (ECEC) providers as well as ongoing impacts of COVID-19.

For more information, please see the Jurisdictional data quality statements in this, and past, releases. The National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection: Concepts, Sources and Methods publication provides detailed information from the early years of the NECECC, however was no longer updated after the 2013 NECECC.

Measurement concepts

Jurisdictions collect and report data for the NECECC using a unit record level (URL) collection methodology. A URL methodology collects information for individual children and service providers. A URL collection is the most appropriate method for ensuring a child who is enrolled in multiple preschool programs is only counted once in child level estimates.

Episodes

For the NECECC, an episode is a single occurrence of a child enrolled in and/or attending a preschool program. When a child attends two different preschool programs, this is described as a child having two attendance episodes.

Unique child counts

The unique child count ensures that when a child attends two or more different preschool programs, the child is only counted once. In any given collection year, the number of unique children will be expected to be less than their number of preschool episodes.

Year before full-time schooling (YBFS)

The YBFS population considers the preschool and school entry provisions of the state in which the child usually resides and the child’s date of birth. As part of deriving the state-specific YBFS population, adjustment factors have been applied to certain cohorts for both New South Wales and Victoria to account for the rates at which children proceed from preschool to school education in those states. The adjustments are based on advice from the state education departments and are:

  • for NSW, children aged between 3 years and 11 months and 4 years and 6 months (at 1 July of collection year) are likely to proceed to school in the following year at a rate of 56%
  • for Victoria, children aged between 4 years and 2 months and 4 years and 6 months (at 1 July of collection year) are likely to proceed to school the following year at a decreasing rate (month of birth: January 74%, February 63%, March 52%, April 41%)
     

Preschool program fees

Fee schedules can differ between programs, organisations and jurisdictions. Fees may be charged daily, weekly, annually, per session or per term. If data is collected at any level other than weekly, the weekly fee is derived from the collected fee and fee schedule. Fees charged are usually based on the number of hours of a preschool program a child is enrolled to receive. Information on fees is collected at the episode level. Where a child has more than one preschool episode, their fees are calculated by summing the fees for all of their episodes. Data on fees are rounded to the nearest dollar for publication.

Hours

For URL data, information on hours is collected at the episode level. Where a child has more than one episode at a preschool program their hours are calculated by summing the hours for all of their episodes. Data on hours are rounded to the nearest hour for publication. Hours less than 1 but more than 0 are rounded to 1 hour.

Rounding

Hours and fees data have been rounded prior to being assigned to distinct ranges. Where estimates are rounded discrepancies may occur between components items and their totals.

Data release

Estimated resident population (ERP)

The preliminary ERP figures presented in this publication are based on the 2021 Census. The ABS has provided these numbers as indicative only. They are included here to support comparative reporting performed using the ERP time series. In the NECECC, children enrolled and attending preschool programs in Jervis Bay are included in statistics for the ACT. The Other Territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are included in statistics for WA. Norfolk Island are included in statistics for Qld. Official ERP numbers for WA, ACT and NSW do not include Other Territories.

Estimated resident population(a), single year of age - as at June 2022
NSWVic.QLDSAWATas.NTACTAust. (b)
3 yr old95,58877,21961,61519,55134,4195,9083,5045,322303,177
4 yr old95,68478,17962,47919,91735,0495,9263,4515,330306,070
5 yr old98,01579,78864,05120,26035,8536,1403,5365,691313,387
6 yr old100,53582,16366,82921,12136,7186,3783,5835,829323,214
  1. Estimated resident population (ERP) by state/territory and age as published on 15 December 2022 in  National, state and territory population. The Census base for ERP is 2021
  2. Australia total includes Other Territories
     

Classifications

Statistics in this publication are presented according to Sector, Statistical Geography and Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA).

Sector

The sector classification used in this publication is a combination of the service provider characteristics, Service activity type and Management type, which are part of the ECEC NMDS. Where a child is enrolled in multiple preschool programs, the child’s sector is determined by the characteristics of all the providers at which the child was enrolled.

Tables presented with this classification assign episodes and unique child counts to states and territories according to the geographic location of the service provider.

Statistical geography

For the 2022 collection, data have been classified to the 2016 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) standard. The ASGS is based on results from the 2016 Census, including SEIFA and remoteness area.

The digital boundaries, codes and labels for each of these regions can be downloaded at Statistical geography on the ABS website free of charge.

The remoteness structure within the ASGS divides each state and territory into areas on the basis of their relative access to services. The classes of remoteness area (RA) are:

  • major cities of Australia
  • inner regional Australia
  • outer regional Australia
  • remote Australia
  • very remote Australia
     

For more information please refer to the online publication: Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Edition 3 - Remoteness Structure.

There are two sets of statistics presented using RAs in this publication. The RA of the child’s main service provider is used, and the RA of the child’s usual residence. Where a child’s usual residence is not stated, their main service provider’s geography is used as a proxy. If the service provider’s geography is also not stated, the child’s RA may be imputed where possible and otherwise included only in the totals. It is possible for states or territories to have a zero count in a certain RA class; Tasmania does not contain a major city, the Northern Territory does not contain a major city or an inner regional classification, and ACT does not contain remote or very remote classifications.

The quantity of records for which RA was derived, using service provider geography, can be identified from the not stated SEIFA IRSD data.

The ASGS Local Government Areas are an ABS approximation of gazetted local government boundaries as defined by each state and territory local government department. The 2022 edition of the local government areas structure has been used in the NECECC. For more information, see Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Edition 3 - Local Government Areas.

The ASGS Indigenous Structure provides a geographical standard for the publication of statistics about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Australia. The 2016 edition of the Indigenous Structure has been used in the NECECC. For more information, see Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Edition 3 - Indigenous Structure.

The ASGS Commonwealth Electoral Divisions are an ABS approximation of Australian Electoral Commission electoral division boundaries. The 2021 edition of the Commonwealth electoral divisions structure has been used in the NECECC. For more information, see Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Edition 3 - Commonwealth Electoral Divisions.

The ASGS State Electoral Divisions are an ABS approximation of the respective state and territory electoral commission's state electoral districts. The 2022 edition of the State electoral divisions structure has been used in the NECECC. For more information, see Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Edition 3 - State Electoral Divisons.

Socio-economic indexes for areas

The SEIFA is a product developed especially for those interested in the assessment of the welfare of Australian communities. SEIFA is a suite of four summary measures that have been created from 2016 Census of Population and Housing information. For each index, every geographic area in Australia is given a SEIFA number which shows how disadvantaged that area is compared with other areas in Australia. Quintiles are calculated by ordering the scores for all areas from lowest to highest, with the lowest 20% of areas given a quintile number of 1 and so on, up to the highest 20% of areas which are given a quintile number of 5. The indexes provide more general measures of socio-economic status than is given by measuring, for example, income or unemployment alone. The SEIFA index used for the NECECC is the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD). Where a child’s geography was not stated, the SEIFA IRSD is published as not stated.

For more information on SEIFA please see the Information Paper: An Introduction to Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), 2006.

Privacy and confidentiality

Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905 and the Privacy Act 1988. Some figures in this publication have been perturbed in order to prevent the disclosure of information that may allow the identification of individuals or organisations.

General acknowledgement

This publication draws on information provided by the Australian Government, state and territory governments, and the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn. Their continued cooperation enables the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to publish a wide range of education statistics. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905 .

Additional information

For more information on the NECECC measurement concepts see the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection: Concepts, Sources and Methods.

For more information on data collection instructions and guidelines see the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection: Data Collection Guide (available on request).

Additional statistics are available from Microdata: Preschool Education using the TableBuilder and/or DataLab facilities.

For more information on estimated resident population and population projections, see National, state and territory population, Regional Population by Age and Sex and Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Enquiries

For enquiries about these and related statistics, contact the Customer Assistance Service via the ABS website Contact Us page. The ABS Privacy Policy outlines how the ABS will handle any personal information that you provide to us.

Service provider coverage

Table A1 shows the number of service providers from which data were collected for the 2022 collection. All service providers that delivered an early childhood education and care (ECEC) program by a qualified teacher to children between the ages of 3 and 6 years are included in the counts.

A1 Number of early childhood education and care service providers delivering an ECEC program to children aged 3 to 6 years, sector(a)
   NSWVic.Qld(b)SAWATas.NTACTAust.
Preschool
 Government156237194338687151124801,967
 Non-government         
  Community6308383774----1,849
  Private for profit(c)48------12
  Independent schools207330101232744291
  Catholic schools--248131293-195
  Total non-government6549194312225456742,347
 Total preschool8101,156625360941207131844,314
Preschool program within a centre based day care
 Government21810823611612154457
 Non-government3,1311,8071,727415754121951788,228
 Total centre based day care(d)3,3491,9151,7504767701331101828,685
Total service providers with a preschool program delivered by a qualified teacher4,1593,0712,3758361,71134024126612,999

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

  1. State/territory is derived from the provider's location.
  2. Queensland data includes a small number of occasional care services providing a preschool program.
  3. Includes 'Other'.
  4. Some preschools are reclassified to centre based day care due to collection methodologies.
     

The counts were developed by processing service provider information from state and territory submissions and the Australian government’s child care subsidy system (CCSS) submission. Where the same service provider was identified across two data sources, the service provider has been counted only once.

Information from the multiple data sources was compared and service provider data characteristics were updated to make use of the best available data. This resulted in reclassification of service activity type for some service providers in order to reflect the predominant activity occurring there. For example, where a service provider was categorised as ‘preschool’ within a state or territory collection but was also categorised as ‘centre based day care with a preschool program’ within the CCSS submission, the service activity type ‘centre based day care with a preschool program' was adopted for that service provider.

Table A2 shows the number of service providers which had enrolments of 4 and 5 year old children. The category 'Total service providers with a preschool program' in this table corresponds to the child statistics reported in this publication.

A2 Number of service providers with an early childhood education program delivered to children aged 4 and 5 years, sector(a)
   NSWVic.Qld(b)SAWATas.NTACTAust.(c)
Delivered by a qualified early childhood teacher
Preschool
 Government15523719433768715158801,899
 Non-government         
  Community6218383744----1,837
  Private for profit(c)48------12
  Independent schools207230101232734289
  Catholic schools--248131293-195
  Total non-government6459184282225456642,333
 Total preschool8001,15562235994120764844,232
Preschool program within a centre based day care
 Government21610723601512134450
 Non-government3,0951,7901,712413741121931778,142
 Total centre based day care(d)3,3111,8971,7354737561331061818,592
Total service providers with a preschool program delivered by a qualified teacher4,1113,0522,3578321,69734017026512,824
Not delivered by a qualified early childhood teacher
Service providers with a preschool program not delivered by a qualified teacher(e)1324---65-84
Total
Total service providers with a preschool program4,1243,0542,3618321,69734023526512,908

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

  1. State/territory is derived from the provider's location.
  2. Queensland data includes a small number of occasional care services providing a preschool program.
  3. Includes 'Other'.
  4. Some preschools are reclassified to centre based day care due to collection methodologies.
  5. Includes not stated.

Estimates of 3 and 6 year old children in a preschool program

Table A3 contains counts of 3 and 6 year old children who were enrolled in and attended a preschool program in 2022. Since 2016, the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection (NECECC) has included all children enrolled at a CBDC centre for which data was supplied in the CCSS, contributing to increased coverage of 3 and 6 year old children. However, for some of the other jurisdictional data sources, the reporting of 3 and 6 year olds enrolled in a preschool program is not mandatory and as a consequence the NECECC does not have complete coverage.

The 3 and 6 year old preschool data were also influenced by the different service delivery models that exist throughout Australia. For some states and territories, and within some sectors, 3 year old preschool programs are only available for children who meet special preschool program early entry requirements. Enrolments for 6 year olds differ according to primary school starting age (see Data collection section).

Due to the limitations associated with 3 and 6 year old preschool data, care should be taken when interpreting and using the table below for statistical analysis or comparison to other data. The presented data is incomplete and does not provide an accurate and consistent view of the 3 year old population within or across states and territories. The data is presented with the aim of continuing to improve the coverage in future collections.

A3 Estimates of 3 and 6 year old children in a preschool program(a)(b)
 NSWVic.QldSAWATas.NTACT
CHILDREN AGED 3 YEARS        
Attending a preschool program69,89255,91842,75112,05319,8103,0791,7144,010
Enrolled in a preschool program70,42359,77642,98212,11920,0213,0791,7874,025
CHILDREN AGED 6 YEARS        
Attending a preschool program1,0206051,9359684218334148
Enrolled in a preschool program1,0206251,9369684218434148
  1. Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
  2. Due to the data limitations associated with 3 and 6 year old preschool data, care should be taken when interpreting and using the table for statistical analysis or comparison.

Jurisdictional data quality statements

The 2022 National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection (NECECC) brings together data from a range of stakeholders. The 2022 NECECC was conducted to support performance based reporting for the Preschool Reform Agreement. To do this, it aims to compile child and service provider statistics from all service providers delivering an in-scope preschool program within Australia.

The NECECC uses standards to ensure the quality and consistency of data submitted. The 2022 Early Childhood Education and Care National Minimum Data Set (2022 ECEC NMDS), sets the NECECC standards for data collected in 2022

The jurisdictional data quality statements allow for quality and consistency assessment across the data submissions that contribute to the NECECC. The statements have been informed by the ABS Data Quality Framework and have been developed, in consultation with the ABS, by the stakeholders responsible for submitting data for the NECECC. 

The jurisdictional data quality statements also inform the overarching Data Quality Declaration for the publication, Preschool Education.

Jurisdictional data quality statements have been provided by the following organisations:

  • Australian Government - Department of Education (Australian Government DoE)
  • New South Wales - Department of Education (NSW DoE)
  • Victoria - Department of Education (Vic. DoE)
  • Queensland - Department of Education (Qld DoE)
  • South Australia - Department for Education and Child Development
  • Western Australia - Department of Education (WA DoE)
  • Tasmania - Department for Education, Children and Young People (Tas. DECYP)
  • Northern Territory - Department of Education (NT DoE)
  • ACT - Education Directorate (the Directorate)
  • ACT - Catholic Education


To enhance readability across the data quality statements, the term ‘preschool’ has been used in place of where some jurisdictions may otherwise use the term ‘kindergarten’ or ‘early childhood education program’ (see the glossary for more information).

Australian Government

In 2022 the Australian Government Department of Education (Australian Government DoE) submission to the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection (NECECC) included child care administrative data.

Child care administrative data

Child Care administrative data is information, collected in the Child Care Subsidy System (CCSS), on child care services and the children and families that use Australian Government approved child care. The CCSS is the Australian Government's primary mechanism for managing child care payments. Child Care administrative data contains payment and related data on centre based day care (which includes the former long day care type care) services related to the delivery of early childhood education programs (ECEP) - also referred to as 'preschool' or 'kindergarten'.

Institutional environment

While Australian Government DoE has portfolio responsibility for child care, responsibility for the operation of the child care administrative data is shared with Services Australia, an agency of the Australian Government Department of Social Services.

Child care administrative data is collected for the purposes of administering Child Care Subsidy (which replaced the Child Care Benefit (CCB) under A New Tax System (Family Assistance) (Administration) Act 1999 (Cwlth), A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999 (Cwlth) and Family Assistance Legislation (Jobs for Families Child Care Package) Act 2017. Payments are administered by Services Australia.

Relevance

The CCSS is the national system that enables child care services to exchange child care information online with the Australian Government to enable the payment of Child Care Subsidy, on behalf of parents, to approved child care services. It also provides information about the national supply and usage of child care. All approved child care services must use the CCSS, but for the purposes of this Data Quality Statement, reference will be confined to centre based day care services required to meet the National Quality Framework (NQF).

Centre based day care services must regularly submit data to the CCSS, through software developed by registered third-party software providers, or directly via a web portal, and record child demographic, enrolment and attendance information.

Scope: In 2022, the scope of the child care administrative data extracted for the NECECC included:

  • all children aged 3 to 6 years from all approved centre based day care providers that operate in accordance with the NQF
  • the primary source of hours data (enrolled and attended) was drawn from centre based day care providers standard data, in some cases jurisdiction data was used for hours (enrolled and attended) where it is available

Coverage: All approved centre based day care services are required to provide data related to the administration of Child Care Subsidy (such as enrolments and attendances) through the CCSS. Centre based day care providers approved for Child Care Subsidy but which do not operate in accordance with the NQF and services not approved for Child Care Subsidy (such as state-run preschools) have been excluded, where possible, from child care administrative data.

Data collection methods: The 2022 child care administrative data used a unit record level (URL) collection methodology for children and services and is drawn from the Services Australia Enterprise Data Warehouse.

Timeliness

The 2022 child care administrative data for the reference week Monday 1 – Sunday 7 August 2022 was extracted in November 2022. The Australian Government DoE processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in December 2022.

Accuracy

Centre based day care services are required by A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999 (Cwlth) and Family Assistance Legislation (Jobs for Families Child Care Package) Act 2017 legislation, to submit certain records (weekly enrolments and attendance records etc.), for all children in attendance at the service. Record details, such as child dates of birth and reference numbers as well as service client IDs, are checked and cross-referenced. This ensures there can only be one current enrolment at a service for the same parent/guardian and child combination.

This results in:

  • high accuracy for child demographic details such as name, date of birth and address information etc. and the child's associated attendance records
  • high accuracy for children's attendance as it is assumed that all children attending a quality centre based day care service are receiving a preschool program

Data on Indigenous status is captured within the Services Australia data warehouse.  Within the Services Australia data collections, families may identify as Indigenous or choose not to provide this information. Those families who choose not to identify are classified as ‘non-Indigenous’ rather than ‘unknown/not stated’ for the publication as per previous years.

Coherence

The collection of child URL data ensures duplications are minimised and the total child count is as robust as systematically possible. Deviations between the NECECC standards and Child Care administrative data collected are outlined in the table below:

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Preschool program fees chargedData on preschool fees are not collected separately, and centre based day care services fees are used as a proxy.
Preschool program received from a qualified teacherThe CCSS does not record which staff member delivered a preschool program or where centre based day care services may have waivers in place. It is assumed that all centre based day care services are delivering a preschool program in accordance with requirements contained within the National Quality Framework.
Service operating weeksIn some cases the service operating weeks was not stated. It is a legal requirement that centre based day care services must operate for at least 48 weeks per year, so not stated was imputed to be 48 weeks.
Hours attended and offeredThe Child Care Subsidy was introduced on 2 July 2018, and it was not mandatory for services to start reporting hours attended until the fortnight ending 14 January 2019. However, as attended hours is relatively new data, hours enrolled has been used as a proxy for attended and offered hours.

Accessibility

Privacy and confidentiality requirements within family assistance law limit the publication of Child Care administrative data at certain granularities. De-identified aggregate data (which includes Child Care administrative data) are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website. A selection of Child Care administrative data is published quarterly and is available on the Australian Government DoE website www.education.gov.au.

Information source

The information in this report has been sourced from the Australian Government DoE in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available from the Australian Government DoE website www.education.gov.au.

New South Wales

In 2022, the New South Wales Department of Education (NSW DoE) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from two data collections:

  • 'Government School Census'
  • 'Early Childhood Education (ECE) Annual Preschool Census'

A) Government School Census

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the Government School Census was NSW DoE. Data were collected under the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW) and the Education and Care Services National Regulations.

Relevance

The data collected by NSW DoE enabled reporting across the NSW government schools sector for a variety of reporting requirements, as well as to measure progress against Australian Government preschool education targets and reforms.

Scope: The scope of the preschool component of the Government School Census included all children enrolled in a preschool program or Early Intervention class at a government school in NSW. Children are eligible to enrol at a government preschool if they turn 4 on or before 31 July of that year. Priority is given to children from disadvantaged backgrounds who are unable to access other children's services, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and children from families who experience financial hardship. While the majority of children are aged 4 or 5, if there is spare capacity, places may be offered to 3-year-olds.

Children enrolled in an Early Intervention class at a NSW government school have been included in the Government School Census since 2012. Early intervention classes provide preschool education in a preschool setting for children with a disability.

Coverage: The 2022 Government School Census included all government schools in NSW.

Data collection methods: The 2022 Government Schools Census collected data using a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The Government School Census is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August, with a two-week reference period of 1 August to 12 August. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The NSW DoE compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

All NSW DoE government school-based preschools were required to participate in the Government School Census by completing an online census form. There were three sections to the preschool component of the Government School Census:

  • general preschool data (e.g. number of children enrolled, number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children)
  • class or group data (overall session details for service and individual enrolment and attendance by child, along with daily fees paid, date of birth, sex, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, language background other than English, refugee status, disability status, health care card status and suburb)
  • teacher data (e.g. qualifications and length of employment)


Indigenous students are identified at enrolment through the enrolment form. In 2015 the Indigenous status question on the form was changed to match the standard national question, with users required to select one of four answers corresponding to the first 4 values of the ECEC NMDS item Person-Indigenous status. The corresponding Indigenous status question on the Enrolment Registration Number (ERN) system matched the standard national question.

Schools were required to answer the question by selecting a single value from an on-screen drop down list. The values available for selection comprised the first 4 values of the ECEC NMDS as well as a supplementary value Unknown/Not Provided to accommodate instances where the parent or carer did not provide this information on the enrolment form. Several records for school-based preschools did not distinguish between Aboriginal children and Torres Strait Islander children. Records for these children were coded as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin not further defined.

During the collection period, NSW DoE extracted children's details from the ERN system. Preschool teachers checked enrolment data, allocated children to class groups and entered enrolment details for any children missing from the ERN. Teachers also entered additional information, such as Health Care Card status, fees paid and attendance, and then electronically submitted the census to the secure NSW DoE Collection portal.

NSW DoE ensured that all preschools submitted compulsory data. Preschools were notified about the data collection through online notices. Detailed instructions on collecting and entering the data using the secure NSW DoE Collections portal were available to preschools at all times during the survey period. The online census contained a number of validation rules to prevent inconsistencies and omissions. During the data collection period, preschool support workers could phone NSW DoE to clarify counting rules and data collection procedures. In addition, data anomaly reports were generated identifying problems such as incorrect age, low attendance or duplicate children. All anomalies were checked and data corrected if required. Signoff was required from all Principals whose school provided a preschool program.

Coherence

Data collected through the 2022 Government School Census and submitted to the NECECC were broadly comparable with data collected in 2018 to 2021 as these collections were undertaken using a URL data collection methodology. An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking into account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards.

Deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the Government Schools Census are outlined in the table below. In 2022, the impact of COVID-19 on service delivery resulted in several additional deviations.

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Address line (Child)Full child address information was not collected for a very small proportion of children; only the suburb/town/locality name. This impacted on the ability to determine child disadvantage status and remoteness classifications, which may affect comparability across jurisdictions.
Early childhood education program hours enrolled per week (Child)Derived as most government preschools operate 6 hours per day. The system allows enrolment to be entered as half day or full day.
Early childhood education program hours attended per week (Child)Derived as most government preschools operate 6 hours per day. The system allows enrolment to be entered as half day or full day.

Interpretability

NSW DoE preschools were notified about the Government Schools Census through online notices. Detailed instructions on collecting and entering data using the secure NSW DoE Collections portal were available to preschools at all times during the collection period.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the Government School Census are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

High level aggregate data is also available on the NSW Education Data Hub and Schools: In-Brief and Schools and students - Statistical Bulletin publications.

B) Early Childhood Education (ECE) Annual Preschool Census

In January 2017, the NSW Government introduced Start Strong, a new community preschool funding model.  Start Strong is a needs-based funding investment aimed at making 600 hours of preschool participation more affordable. Start Strong targets funding to children enrolled in community preschools who are aged 3 years or over, with additional equity funding directed to children who are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander or from low-income families as well as children with disabilities and/or additional needs. Additional loadings are also provided to children in outer regional, remote and very remote locations as well as children with additional language needs.

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the 2022 Early Childhood Education (ECE) Annual Preschool Census is NSW DoE. Data for the ECE Annual Preschool Census was collected under Funding Specifications, which are contracts with each service provider outlining the terms of renewable funding under the Early Childhood Education Grants Program. These preschools and mobile preschools are regulated under the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW) and the Education and Care Services National Regulations. 

Relevance

The data collected by NSW DoE was used for state government reporting commitments and to assist with the evaluation and planning of service provision. For preschools, the information obtained was used to determine funding for the following year. The data were also used for a variety of State and Commonwealth reporting requirements, as well as to measure progress against Commonwealth preschool education targets and reforms.

Scope: The scope of the ECE Annual Preschool Census included all children aged 0 to 6 years enrolled in a preschool program regulated and funded by NSW DoE. Services are required to give equal priority of access to children who are at least 4 years old on or before 31 July in that preschool year and not enrolled or registered at a school; children who are at least 3 years old on or before 31 July and from low income or Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander families; children with English Language needs; children with disabilities; children who are at risk of significant harm (from a child protection perspective). There is no order of priority assigned to the list above.

Coverage: Participation in the ECE Annual Preschool Census was mandatory for NSW Government-funded preschools. The collection included NSW Government-funded (but not necessarily NSW Government-run) preschool services, including preschools operated by Catholic and Independent schools, preschools operated by local governments, and community-managed preschools. Early childhood education programs not funded by the NSW Government, including some preschools delivered in non-government schools, were not in scope of the collection. These services are not excluded from applying for NSW Government funding, provided that they meet eligibility criteria, consistent with the objectives of universal access. As and when any of these services do enter into a funding agreement with the NSW Government under the Early Childhood Education Grants Program, they are thereafter required to participate in the ECE Annual Preschool Census.

The majority of preschool programs in NSW are delivered by commercial centre-based day care (CBDC) providers that receive minimal, non-ongoing funding from NSW DoE. As a result, no data was collected from these services by the NSW Government as part of the ECE Annual Preschool Census. Data on commercial CBDCs were collected for the NECECC by the Australian Government Department of Education using the Child Care Subsidy System (CCSS).

Service providers that were registered for the Child Care Subsidy (CCS) were requested to provide information in the ECE Annual Preschool Census only for children who did not receive the CCB or the CCR.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ECE Annual Preschool Census used a unit record level (URL) collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The ECE Annual Preschool Census is an annual collection and was undertaken in 2022 from 18 July to 26 August, with a reference period of 1 August to 12 August. A reference fortnight was adopted to reflect the preschool delivery model in NSW whereby delivery of a preschool education program can vary between weeks. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The NSW DoE compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

The Early Childhood Contract Management System (ECCMS) is the online system used by NSW DoE and service providers to manage preschool service contracts and funding.

There are four main sections to the census component of ECCMS:

  • Service and location details (drawn from core ECCMS and not editable by users)
  • Service location operating hours
  • Individual child details, e.g. name, address, daily fees, low income status, enrolment and attendance
  • Individual worker details, e.g. qualification field and level, main role, main work activity


Information on Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status was provided to the community preschool by a child's parent or carer in accordance with the record keeping requirements of the Education and Care Services National Regulations. Services were required to answer the question by selecting a single value from an on-screen drop-down list. The values available for selection comprised the first 4 values of the NMDS as well as the supplementary value Not Stated to accommodate instances where the parent or carer did not provide this information to the Service.

Prior to data submission a user with a defined level of authority must enter a declaration that the entered data is correct. Following data submission NSW DoE undertook a data validation phase where submitted data were cross-checked for consistency with service operational characteristics and past submissions. Where large variations or unusual data was apparent, service providers were contacted to confirm data accuracy. If data was incorrect the census was reopened to allow the user to correct and resubmit data. All data validation rules were coded into SQL procedures, and NSW DoE maintained an anomalies database to track communications, and the status of potential errors.

Coherence

Data collected for the NECECC in 2022 is broadly comparable with data collected in 2018 to 2021. In 2022, data items continued to be collected at the lowest (most granular) level of the service delivery hierarchy, i.e. service location (introduced in 2016).

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, considering data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards.

Deviations between the NECECC Standards and data collected from the ECE Annual Preschool Census are outlined in the below table.

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Address line (Child)Full child address information was not collected for a very small proportion of children; only the suburb/town/locality name.
Early childhood education program hours enrolled per week (Child)Derived as the product of service location operating hours (Service Provider) and days enrolled (Child) and adjusted to a reference week.
Early childhood education program delivered by a qualified teacher indicator (Service Provider)Derived. A service was considered to have delivered an early childhood education program by a qualified teacher if there was at least one worker at the service recorded as a qualified early childhood teacher.
Early childhood education program hours attended per week (Child)Derived as the product of service location operating hours (Service Provider) and days enrolled (Child) and adjusted to a reference week.

Interpretability

NSW DoE provided a range of information and support to service providers throughout all stages of the collection. These included: 

  • regular emails to services in the lead up to and during the collection phase in 2022
  • a dedicated census webpage providing summary information, portal access and links to resources and contact information

Detailed instructions on the process of data entry, including explanations and examples of concepts, were provided online within the application via summary 'tooltips' and extensive online help. NSW DoE also provided a separate ECE Annual Preschool Census Quick Reference Guide.

During the 6-week collection phase service providers could also contact a dedicated 1300 phone number and email for assistance.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the ECE Annual Preschool Census are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

Selected results from the census may be published in media releases, on the Department’s website and in Ministerial speeches, including in Parliament.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been sourced from the NSW DoE in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available at the NSW DoE website https://education.nsw.gov.au/

Victoria

The 2022 NECECC data submission from the Victorian Department of Education and Training (Vic. DET) was sourced solely from the Kindergarten Information Management System (KIMS) administrative data.

Institutional environment

Vic. DET was responsible for the KIMS data collection in 2022. Data were collected in accordance with Funding and Service Agreement requirements.

Relevance

Data were collected through KIMS to enable accurate funding provision and reporting of key data across the Victorian Preschool sector, as well as to collect data to meet national reporting requirements.

Scope: The scope of data collected in KIMS included all children aged 3 to 6 years of age who were enrolled during the reference period in Vic. DET funded preschool programs for children in the year prior to school. In 2020, Victoria began rolling out funded three-year-old kindergarten for three-year-olds who were enrolled in the year two years before school across the whole state. This was implemented in 6 LGAs in 2020, 21 in 2021 and all Victorian LGAs in 2022. These funded three-year-old enrolments have been included in the Victorian NECECC submission from 2021.

Coverage: Data were collected from all service providers with current Funding and Service Agreements with Vic. DET.

Funded services comprise the vast majority of preschool service providers in Victoria. A small number of centre based day care (CBDC) providers operating programs for children in the year before school were not funded by Vic. DET and as a result, no data were collected from these services.

Data collection methods: KIMS uses a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

KIMS is a live system and service providers are required to update service and enrolment data throughout the year. All service providers were requested to check their enrolment information was up to date in KIMS prior to the reference week. The KIMS data used in the NECECC submission was extracted from the system on 19 September 2022 and includes only children enrolled during the reference week (1 to 6 August 2022).

The Vic. DET compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

Data was collected from services via Vic. DET's online KIMS system. Services provided data through a workflow which included validation and completeness checks.

Coherence

Victoria has used a URL collection methodology since 2011, which means data collected in 2022 is comparable with previous years to 2011.

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking in to account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. Deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the KIMS are outlined in the table below.

Deviation from NECECC standards

Data Element

Details of Deviation

Management type (Service provider)

The legal entity status of the funded organisation reported by each service provider (excluding Independent schools) was used as a proxy measure for management type. This may not have produced consistent classifications of management type for all service providers. Independent schools were categorised using the ‘funding status’ flag in the Vic. DET funding system and assigned a management type of Code 6: Independent school, regardless of the legal entity status of the funded organisation.

Note: The table above lists data missing from Vic. DET’s NECECC data submission.  Where possible, missing Victorian CBDC data may be supplemented in Preschool Education, Australia with CBDC data from the Australian Government.

Interpretability

Extensive explanatory information was provided in KIMS and on the DET website. If service providers required clarification about the collection, they were also able to contact their regional office or the KIMS helpdesk.

Vic. DET provides information on funding criteria and data collection responsibilities in the publication 'The Kindergarten Guide', which is available on the Vic. DET website http://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/providers/funding/Pages/kinderfundingcriteria.aspx.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the KIMS in 2022 are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

Headline figures from the KIMS data extracts are published in Vic. DET Annual reports, in Victorian budget papers and as part of the Report on Government Services on the Australian Government Productivity Commission website.

Selected data are published on the Victorian Child and Adolescent Monitoring System Portal.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been sourced from Vic. DET in consultation with the ABS.

Queensland

In 2022, the Queensland Department of Education (Qld DoE) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the annual Early Childhood Education and Care Services Census (ECECSC), which collected childcare enrolment data, workforce data, and preschool program and enrolment data.

Early Childhood Education and Care Services Census

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the 2022 ECECSC is Qld Department of Education (Qld DoE). Data for the 2022 ECECSC were collected under the Education and Care Services Act 2013 (Qld), the Education and Care Service National Law 2011 (Qld) and the Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (Qld).

Relevance

Data collected from the ECECSC enables Qld DoE to report on a variety of matters, such as the performance of the preschool sector to the Qld and Australian Governments and the community. The data are used to provide evidence for policy and program development and planning and to monitor outcomes of early childhood initiatives such as the department's Workforce Action Plan and the implementation of the Education and Care Services National Law.

Scope: The 2022 ECECSC includes all children who were enrolled in a licensed or approved child care service or State-delivered preschool program provided by a government school or through distance education. This included children that were enrolled in centre based day care (CBDC), preschool, State-delivered preschool, Limited Hours Care, eKindy, State-delivered early childhood development programs, Family Day Care and School Aged Care Services at the time of the ECECSC.

Children aged 3 to 6 enrolled in a preschool program were considered in-scope for the ECECSC.

Coverage: The 2022 ECECSC achieved a 99.9% coverage of all approved service providers in Queensland. Only two funded services were unable to respond to the Census.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ECECSC used a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for funded approved programs.

Timeliness

The ECECSC is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken in the week commencing 1 August 2022, with reference period 1 August to 7 August 2022. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The Qld DoE compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

For the 2022 ECECSC, data were collected from service providers via an online survey tool.

As part of the internal validation process for 2022, Qld DoE included online guides as well as explanatory notes within the online census to assist service providers with definitions and responses. Edit checks were built into the online census, which ensured that valid data were supplied. Data supplied by service providers also underwent a range of validation and edit checks post enumeration to ensure that the information was complete, internally consistent and fell within fixed known parameters.

Since 2015, Qld DoE has required a response to the Indigenous Status question for preschool children. This has eliminated issues with missing data from some records from earlier years and significantly reduced instances of "unknown" values for this item.

Coherence

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, considering data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. There were no deviations between the NECECC standards and the ECECSC data collected.

Interpretability

Qld DoE provided a range of information to assist in the collection and reporting of data, such as explanatory notes for providers. Explanatory notes, together with printable copies of ECECSC collection forms for staff, were available from the Qld DoE website https://earlychildhood.qld.gov.au/about-us/publications-and-research/early-childhood-education-and-care-services-census

Accessibility

Data sourced from the 2022 ECECSC are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website. Data from the ECECSC are published on the Qld DoE website: https://qed.qld.gov.au/publications/reports/statistics/early-years.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by the Qld DoE in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available at the Qld DoE website https://earlychildhood.qld.gov.au/about-us/publications-and-research/early-childhood-education-and-care-services-census.

South Australia

In 2022, South Australia's Department for Education submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the Annual Census of Children's Services (ACCS).

Annual Census of Children's Services

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the ACCS is South Australia's Department for Education.

Relevance

Information gathered by the ACCS included patterns of service usage and characteristics of children and families. The data were required by the SA Government for forward planning and the analysis of needs and gaps in current service provision. The data from this collection also enables reporting across the SA preschool sector.

Scope: The scope of the 2022 ACCS included children aged 3 to 5 years who were enrolled and attending (or expected to attend) a government managed or government funded preschool service (including integrated centres with a child care service), or a funded preschool program operating in non-government child care centres or schools. Out of scope were preschool services that receive no funding for their preschool program from the South Australia's Department for Education.

Children who are of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin, and children and young people who are the subject of custody or guardianship order under the Children and Young People (Safety) Act 2017 (SA), are eligible under the department’s Preschool Enrolment Policy to commence a government managed or government funded preschool after their third birthday and are entitled to up to 480 hours of preschool in the two years before full-time school. These children have been included as in scope.

Some funded preschool programs operating in non-government child care centres or schools also provide preschool to 3 year old children. South Australia's Department for Education does not obligate these services to provide data for these children in the ACCS unless they are enrolled in a preschool program in their year before full time school and are receiving preschool funding from South Australia's Department for Education for these children. Any data received for 3 year old children from these non-government services (regardless of whether they are in their year before full-time school) in the ACCS was submitted in the NECECC.

Coverage: In 2022, the ACCS achieved full coverage of all government managed and government funded preschools, including Independent and Catholic schools with funded preschool programs, and funded non-government centre based day care providers with a preschool program.

Unfunded Independent and Catholic school managed preschool providers and centre based day care (CBDC) providers with no department funded preschool program are not invited to participate in the ACCS. There are a relatively small percentage of South Australian children who have received a preschool program delivered by one of these unfunded services.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ACCS used a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The ACCS is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August, with reference period of 1 August to 12 August 2022. This reference fortnight was adopted by the department to reflect the preschool delivery model in SA. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

South Australia's Department for Education compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

In 2022, the ACCS collected data through the use of three systems, one for non-government preschool providers and two for department preschools. The Early Years System (EYS) and the Education Management System (EMS) are web-based preschool administration systems used by department preschools in SA. Non-government preschool providers that are funded by the department use the Non-Government Preschool Data System (NGPDS) to submit the data required for the ACCS.

The NGPDS has been developed as a web-based preschool data reporting system that serves the dual purpose of collecting data requirements for grant funding administration as well as to satisfy State and National reporting obligations. The EYS, EMS and NGPDS have been developed with the capability of importing data from other administrative systems (e.g. Child Care Subsidy Systems or CCSS) to reduce respondent burden and input error. The EYS, EMS and NGPDS have validation rules built in to ensure services are submitting accurate data that is compliant with the NECECC standards.

South Australia's Department for Education collated data collected from both systems using a data repository known as the Early Childhood Data System or Data Administration Centre (DAC). The DAC allows for Data Reporting and Analytics staff to administer a data collection and to run checks and validations on the data received from service providers. The DAC also performs sequential match coding for children enrolled in preschool across multiple services. Service provider details are stored and maintained in the Location Services System (LSS), from which data for the 2022 Collection were also obtained.

Indigenous students are identified by the department through the standard question "Is the child of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?" on the Preschool Enrolment Form.

Coherence

Most data collected through the 2022 ACCS were generally comparable with equivalent data in the 2014 to 2021 NECECC. Due to system developments and data improvements, some data may not be comparable to 2013 data. With the exception of 2013, these years were undertaken using similar URL data collection methodologies.

The Department preschools also transitioned to a single intake preschool enrolment policy in 2013, which impacted on counts in 2014. Children are entitled to 4 terms of preschool in the year before they start school as follows:

  • if a child turns 4 before 1 May, they may start preschool in Term 1 in that year
  • if a child turns 4 on or after 1 May, they are eligible to start preschool from the beginning of Term 1 in the following year

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking in to account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. There were no deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the 2022 ACCS.

Interpretability

The department provided a range of information to assist in the reporting of data, such as the 2022 ACCS Booklet and Coding Instructions. Key material was provided in the form of manuals and fact sheets to support the correct interpretation and explanation of concepts. The NGPDS is an intuitive system and user training has been provided via a webpage that contains user guides, video tutorials, and ACCS instructions. A dedicated EYS/NGPDS Support Team was in place to support users with technical issues or queries with either the EYS or NGPDS and the Data Management and Reporting team were available to respond to any data related questions.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the ACCS are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by South Australia's Department for Education in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available on the Department's website https://www.education.sa.gov.au

Western Australia

In 2022, the Western Australia Department of Education (WA DoE) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the WA August School Census.

WA August School Census

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the WA August School Census is the WA Department of Education (WA DoE). Data for 2022 were collected under the School Education Act 1999 (WA).

Relevance

Scope: The scope of the preschool component of the WA August School Census consisted of children who were attending a preschool program within a government or non-government school, including community based preschools operating under provisions of the School Education Act 1999.

Coverage: Full coverage was achieved for all registered and funded schools (both government and non-government) and community-based preschools operating under provisions of the School Education Act 1999. As preschool programs provided in Centre based day care (CBDC) settings are not funded or regulated by WA DoE, these service providers were not included in the WA August School Census.

Data collection methods: The 2022 WA August School Census used a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The WA August School Census is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August, with reference period 1 August to 5 August 2022. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The WA DoE compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

Government and community preschools’ data were obtained through a daily data harvesting process from each school’s administrative system, which is fed into the Student Information Database (SID). The SID is the primary source of URL data for public schools. The SID data were uploaded into the WA DoE online Student Census System where the data were checked, verified and endorsed as accurate by each school principal. For non-government schools, child URL data was extracted from school enrolment records at the census date. Non-government schools uploaded URL data using a comma-separated value file to the WA DoE's online Student Census System.

Following the validation checks detailed below, government, non-government and community preschool data collected through the WA August School Census were then stored in the Student Census System data warehouse, and extracted for the purposes of the NECECC.

Internal validation processes for the WA August School Census occurred at three different points of the process. The WA DoE online Student Census System had a series of in-built validation rules, some of which required the school to edit data before continuing, while other rules generated warnings alerting the user to anomalies. A second set of validation processes were run by the WA August School Census team, using both routine and ad-hoc validation methods to examine data while it was assembled into working files. The third set of validation rules were built into the custom software which loaded the census data into the Student Census System data warehouse.

Data for the NECECC’s ‘Service provider organisation—early childhood education program delivered by a qualified teacher indicator’ data element are obtained using an annual Kindergarten Provision Survey that is conducted at the same time as the WA August School Census.

Indigenous students are identified at enrolment using a standard enrolment form question. The coding of the responses is as per the National Schools Statistics Collection (NSSC), i.e. 1 - 4, and 9 for not stated or inadequately described. Schools' student information systems do not allow valid entries other than prescribed. WA DoE is confident it achieves a very high level of accuracy of its Indigenous identification, with results showing a high level of concordance with other independent measures/estimates (e.g. ABS's ERPs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians).

This is attributed to a strong push within the WA school sector (in which most preschools reside) to address:

  • learning needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students
  • Aboriginal Education Officer involvement in schools to liaise with local Aboriginal communities to assist them enrol their children where applicable
  • a student-centred funding model in the WA public school system which provides a higher rate of funding for students (including those in preschool) who are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander students to address their needs.
  • Schools' census data are also subjected to audit by the WA DoE

Coherence

The 2022 data are fully comparable to the data collected in 2018 to 2021.

Other changes over time which affected the comparability include:

  • From 2015, data about preschool hours enrolled and attended were each collected specifically for the reference week. In 2014, however, hours enrolled was collected in relation to a 'typical' week and hours attended was collected in relation to the reference week. Consequently, enrolled and attended hours data in 2014 were not fully consistent (e.g. there were some cases where attendance hours exceed enrolment hours or hours offered). The 2015 to 2022 data are not affected by this limitation.
  • From 2015, maximum preschool program hours available were specifically for the reference week, rather than for a 'typical' week as used in 2014.
  • In 2017, the ‘Child—hours of an early childhood education program received from qualified teacher/s indicator’ was collected for preschool students in WA government schools as part of a national trial.  The data were only collected in 2017.

Data from 2014 to 2022 about preschool enrolment and attendance hours are not comparable to 2013 data due to a materially different methodology:

  • From 2014, URL data about preschool hours enrolled and attended were collected as part of the WA August School Census for all children enrolled at government, non-government and community-based preschools. This process replaced the less refined process used in 2013 that collected child attendance information in aggregated form through a series of questions in the Kindergarten Provision Survey. Attendance hours data from 2013 are therefore not comparable to attendance hours data in 2014 to 2022.
  • From 2014, maximum preschool program hours available were collected from service providers via the Kindergarten Provision Survey rather than being derived from the number of hours enrolled by preschool students (used prior to 2014).

Due to WA policy on enrolment and attendance there may be an under-count of children enrolled in preschool. This is because in WA, a child is only considered to be enrolled if they were enrolled at the school and had either attended at least one half-day in the two weeks immediately preceding the WA August School Census day or were absent due to illness or extended holiday with a known return date before the end of the school term.

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, considering data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. Deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the WA August Student Census are outlined in the table below.

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Enrolment reference period (Child)The child must be enrolled at the preschool on the WA August School Census day (5 August 2022) and must have either attended at least one half-day in the two weeks immediately preceding the WA August School Census day or had documented evidence that the absence was due to illness or extended holiday leave with a known return date before the end of the school term.
Definition of enrolment (Child)In WA, a child is only considered to be enrolled if they were enrolled at the preschool on the WA August School Census day (5 August 2022) and had either attended at least one half-day in the two weeks immediately preceding the WA August School Census day or had documented evidence that the absence was due to illness or extended holiday leave with a known return date before the end of the school term.
Residential address (Child)For children for whom a valid address was not provided, the child’s address (SA1 and meshblock) information was imputed using the SA1 and meshblock address information for the service provider.

Interpretability

For all schools, the collection instrument contained significant guidance and computation rules to prevent inconsistent responses in relation to prior data entries. WA DoE and non-government sector staff who assisted schools to complete the WA August School Census were trained to provide phone and email support through the WA DoE Customer Service Centre system.

Accessibility

Data are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website. Aggregated data are also available from the WA DoE website.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by WA DoE in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available on the WA DoE website http://www.education.wa.edu.au.

Tasmania

In 2022, the Tasmania Department for Education, Children and Young People (Tas. DECYP) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the Tasmanian 2022 ECEC Data Collection.

Tasmania 2022 ECEC Collection

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection was the Tasmanian Department for Education, Children and Young People (Tas. DECYP). Data for the 2022 Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection were collected under the Education Act 2016 (Tas.).

Relevance

The data collected by Tas. DECYP in the Tasmanian 2022 ECEC Data Collection were used to report on Tasmanian achievements against performance targets, as well as progress against Australian Government preschool education targets and COAG reforms. For preschools, the information obtained was also used in determining the funding of services by the Tasmanian government.

Scope: The scope of the preschool education component of the Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection consisted of all children enrolled in a preschool program in 2022. The Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection was managed in conjunction with the Tasmanian Catholic Education Office and Independent Schools Tasmania. This ensures preschool children at non-government schools are accurately represented.

Data for 3 year old children were included in the 2022 Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection if they were granted an exemption to start preschool before they turned 4 years old as at 1 January 2022. This exemption is granted if:

  • the student is assessed as gifted, or
  • the student was previously enrolled in a preschool program interstate in 2021 or 2022, to enable contiguous school education

Coverage: The Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection included all registered Tasmanian schools, which is defined as all Government, Catholic, and Independent schools, along with Education and Care providers registered as a school in Tasmania.

Data collection methods: The 2022 Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection was conducted using a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August 2022, with a reference period of 1 August to 12 August 2022. This reference fortnight was adopted to reflect the preschool delivery model in Tasmania. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

Tas. DECYP compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

Child level: The process of obtaining and processing data in Tasmania commenced with government service providers uploading information from each child enrolment form into the Tas. DECYP student management system 'EduPoint' which stored the information in a data warehouse. The data warehouse contains in-built data quality checks that provide timely data feedback to schools. Data from the warehouse were then used to populate the Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection. Non government schools enter student, timetable, attendance and teacher information into a secured online application.

Service Provider level: The data of government and non-government service providers were reviewed and cleaned by Tas. DECYP staff. This process included numerous system quality checks such as confirming student ages, hours enrolled, and verifying duplicate enrolments across schools. A declaration stage is included in the data collection application, which each principal was required to review and declare that all data were true and correct. This set of students became the authoritative dataset for the census date (5 August). Preschool data were extracted from this census application to match with all other data collated for this Collection. Extensive quality assurance occurred for the attendance and teacher qualification data, to ensure that data were consistent with other Tas. DECYP data sources.

All teachers in Tasmania must be registered by the Teachers Registration Board of Tasmania. As a result of the registration process, some long-term teachers have teaching certification or relevant 3 year degrees. The registration process requires all long-term teachers to demonstrate, through teaching experience, that they meet the criteria for an equivalent 4 year degree standard. If a long-term teacher meets this criterion, the teachers are deemed to have a 4 year teaching qualification for registration purposes.


Some specific validation methods applied in the data collection application and by Tas. DECYP included:

  • data code compliance with the NECECC standards
  • detection of inconsistent data coding, e.g. teachers with no qualifications and students with dates of birth outside expected date ranges, indicating coding errors
  • comparisons of student enrolment counts with previous year data
  • review of school summary tables by student data by various categories, i.e. Indigenous status, enrolment hours
  • students in repeat years of preschool

 

Indigenous students are identified at enrolment in Tasmanian government schools using the national ACARA schools’ enrolment question: "Is the student of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?" The responses available are: No; Yes, Aboriginal; Yes, Torres Strait Islander; or Yes, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. If a student or family doesn't answer the question, then the response is "Not Stated".

For Non-government schools, the same question is asked, with available responses from the non-government Kinder enrolment system: Aboriginal but not Torres Strait Islander origin; Torres Strait Islander but not Aboriginal origin; Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin; Neither Aboriginal nor Torres Strait Islander origin; and Not stated/inadequately described. Again if there is no response, it is coded as "Not Stated".

Finally, Tasmania undertakes significant quality assurance on the data to ensure correct coding. Overall student numbers are in line with expectations and each school is reviewed to ensure the question and responses are representative.

Coherence

The Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection submission to the NECECC were comparable with data collected in 2013 to 2021, as all collections were undertaken using a consistent unit record level (URL) data collection methodology.

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking into account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. Deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the 2022 Tasmanian ECEC Collection are outlined in the table below.

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Maximum preschool program hours available (Child)The data element ‘Preschool program attendance hours’ was used as a proxy for this data element.
Child attendance and enrolment dataHours of attendance were derived from the kinder class times. Attendance was recorded per student per class.

Interpretability

To support data custodians participating in the Tasmanian ECEC Data Collection, a guide was sent to service providers to assist users with the data collection system. 

Accessibility

Data sourced from the Tasmanian ECEC Data are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website. 

Government student Kinder numbers are published in the Tasmanian Department for Education, Children and Young People’s Annual report.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been sourced from Tas. DECYP in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available at the Tas. DECYP website https://www.decyp.tas.gov.au/ or email kinder@decyp.tas.gov.au.

Northern Territory

In 2022, the Northern Territory Department of Education (NT DoE) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the Age/Grade Census.

The 2022 Age/Grade Census consisted of three components:

  • Student Census
  • Staff Census
  • Preschool Census (Students and Staff).

Age/Grade Census

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the Age/Grade Census is the Northern Territory Department of Education (NT DoE). Data for the Census were collected under the Education Act (NT) 2016.

Relevance

Data collected from the Age/Grade Census enables reporting on NT schools and the preschool sector for a variety of reporting requirements. The preschool data collected from the Age/Grade Census is used for the Supplementary Recurrent Assistance Enrolment Data Collection, the Report on Government Services (RoGS), National Partnership Agreements, government budget paper estimates and the NT DoE annual report.

Scope: The scope of the preschool component of the Age/Grade Census includes all children enrolled in preschool who have attended a government or registered non-government preschool at least once during the 4 week reference period 20 June - 5 August 2022 (the reference period did not apply during the NT school holidays 27 June - 18 July 2022). One remote school operates on different school terms and had the reference period 6 June to the 12 August.

In the NT, children are eligible to enrol in preschool at the beginning of the year if they turn 4 years of age on or prior to 30 June of the same year. Children in very remote schools may be enrolled in a preschool program when they turn three years of age, provided they are accompanied by a parent who will remain with them for each session. This is an important strategy to engage children in remote areas in early childhood education programs.

In addition, the NT DoE is conducting three-year-old preschool trials at six preschools across the NT. The two years of preschool is enabling the trial preschools to identify and respond to children with additional needs earlier and provide children with a strong start to full-time schooling.

Coverage: All government and registered non-government preschools participated in the Age/Grade Census. While the data collection methodology used for non-government preschools differed from that applied to government preschools, the data collected were at the same level of detail and are comparable with data from government preschools.

Centre based day care providers that deliver preschool programs were not within scope for the Age/Grade Census. For the purpose of the NECECC, the Australian Government Child Care Subsidy System (CCSS) was used for coverage of this sector.

Data collection methods: The 2022 Age/Grade Census used a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The Age/Grade Census is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August. The four-week reference period of 20 June – 5 August 2022 was used to determine which children are to be included in the collection. For the school operating on different school terms, the reference period was 6 June to 12 August. 

Subsequently, the preschool data is converted to a two-week reference period (25 July – 5 August 2022); for instance, their hours offered is calculated over the two-week reference period not the four-week reference period. Their attendance is calculated over the week including Friday 5 August. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The NT DoE compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

Child level data: In 2022, data extracts from the Student Census record level information were submitted from each government and some non-government schools' Student Administration and Management System (SAMS). Non-government schools without SAMS, provided child, teacher and service provider record level information via Excel spread sheets. Additional data for staff and preschool (students and staff) were collected through an online survey tool for government schools. All data was processed centrally for inclusion in the Age/Grade Census collection.

It should be noted that seasonal attendance patterns for the NT show lowest attendance during August. This is partially due to sporting and community events and the transient lifestyle of remote and very remote populations.

After data were processed by NT DoE, school principals were required to check the data, edit if necessary, and confirm accuracy. Business rules guided the processing of data. All three components of the Age/Grade Census required formal sign-off from school principals for the final data lodgement, stating it was a true and accurate representation of their school for the reference period. This ensured the quality and validity of the data being provided. Internal validation of the early childhood data was subsequently undertaken.

Detailed validation processes used by NT DoE in 2022 were as follows: 

  • school validation: schools were provided with a validation report and were required to confirm the information was correct. Schools were required to carry out validation reporting to maintain data quality, targeting such areas as child Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, gender and age
  • system validation: the validation process included historical comparison of trends, comparison of enrolments and schooling level proportions, cross checking missing data and application of national reporting rules

Students’ Indigenous status is identified through the enrolment form. Government schools use the following question:
 

QuestionResponse
Is the student of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?No
Yes, Aboriginal 
Yes, Torres Strait Islander 
Yes, both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

 

Where no answer is recorded, schools are asked to follow up with the parent/guardian to confirm the Indigenous status of the child. This is done throughout the year and forms part of the validation process for the Age/Grade Census. Students without a valid Indigenous status are flagged in validation reports. If the parent/guardian does not wish to disclose the Indigenous status it is recorded as Not Stated.

Non-government schools are not required to use the same enrolment form as government schools so the wording may vary slightly. 

Coherence

Data collected through the 2022 Age/Grade Census were comparable with data collected in 2019 to 2021. These collections were undertaken using a consistent URL data collection methodology.

An analysis of the coherence of this collection with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking into account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards.

Deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected from the Age/Grade Census are outlined in the table below.

Deviation from the NECECC standards
Data ElementDetails of Deviation
Early childhood program hours attended (Child)Attended hours for NT Government preschools are derived from preschool program sessions attended per week as per NECECC standards specifications. Attended hours from NT Non-Government preschools are recorded as the actual number of hours of preschool that a child attended including non-instructional times such as recess, tea breaks and lunch breaks where a child was under the supervision of the school.
Date of birth (Child)Where date of birth was unavailable, it was estimated at 01/01/YYYY.
Address—statistical area level 1 (SA1) code (Child)Geo-coding for some child addresses was less accurate where instances of remote residences or street names were not supplied. For those child addresses that did not code to SA1, SA2 was provided. Otherwise unknown or incomplete addresses were coded to the NT not stated code, 79999998999
Address—statistical area level 1 (SA1) code (Service Provider)Geo-coding for some remote preschool addresses was less accurate where street names were not available. Unknown or incomplete addresses were coded to NT not stated code, 79999998999

Interpretability

The NT DoE provided a range of information to service providers to assist in the collection and reporting of data, such as manuals and fact sheets, to support correct interpretation and definition of concepts. Detailed reports and instructional papers on the requirements, processes and rules for submitting data through the Age/Grade Census were provided to service providers to assist with data provision.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the Age/Grade Census are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

The Age/Grade Census preschool data is also available via the NT DoE’s annual report and NT Department of Treasury and Finance Budget Papers Agency KPIs. The data is summarised and excludes centre based day care.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by the NT DoE in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available at the NT DoE website https://education.nt.gov.au/.

Australian Capital Territory

In 2022, the ACT Education Directorate (the Directorate) submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the August ACT Public Schools Census and Independent schools.

A) ACT Public School Census

Institutional environment

Data for the 2022 census were collected under the Education Act 2004 (ACT), the Children and Young People Act 2008 (ACT), and the ACT Childcare Services Standards 2009.

Relevance

Scope: The scope of the preschool component sourced from the ACT Public School Census included all children between 3 and 6 years of age attending public preschools. It is ACT policy that preschool is provided to 4- and 5-year-old children enrolled in the year before full time schooling for 15 hours per week. A small proportion of 3-year-old children are offered an additional year of preschool based on need.

Children enrolled in a preschool program at Jervis Bay School were included in the census as that school is administered by the ACT Education Directorate on behalf of the Australian Government. Children who were absent for more than 4 continuous school weeks prior to the census date were included if the principal received written documentation signed by the child's guardian indicating that the child would return to school.

Coverage: Full coverage for 2022 was achieved for all ACT Government managed schools.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ACT Public School Census used a URL data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

In August each year, the Directorate conducts a census of public school enrolments. The ACT Public School Census was conducted on Friday 5 August, with a reference period of 29 July to 11 August 2022. Fortnightly attendance data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The ACT Education Directorate compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in October 2022.

Accuracy

Child level data: On 5 August 2022, the ACT public schools enrolment data was captured from the school administration system (SAS) and cross checked with schools for accuracy. Individual child information was captured from data supplied via an enrolment form which was entered in the student administration system (SAS). The principal of each school was required to sign off on their school's total enrolment count. Any inconsistencies were followed up for correction.

Key approaches undertaken by the ACT to manage the quality of its data processing for 2022 are as follows: 

  • ACT's system included automatic edits and mandatory fields, such as date of birth, sex, family details, attendance status and Indigenous status
  • ACT cross checked addresses for the preschools ensuring one existed for each service provider
  • child addresses were geo-coded to produce valid SA1 codes and MB

The ACT carried out validation of 2022 data in several ways, including but not limited to: 

  • manual data entry was avoided where possible through an automatic transfer of child information when the child had previously attended another ACT public school
  • date of birth was checked against year level and outliers were followed up
  • duplicate records of one child attending two schools were followed up
  • data checks included matching back to the original census data and running aggregate counts for each field

To meet reporting requirements for the two-week reference period, child level attendance data was extracted from a new student administration system which is in the process of implementation. Care should be taken when comparing this data with data from previous years and from other jurisdictions.

Service provider level data: The process of obtaining service provider information from public preschools in the ACT was managed through the school administrative system.

Coherence

Data collected through the 2022 preschool components of the ACT Public School Census were comparable with data collected in 2021, as both collections were undertaken using a consistent URL data collection methodology.

An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking into account data elements not consistent with the NECECC standards. There were no deviations between the NECECC standards and the data collected from the ACT Public School Census.

Interpretability

ACT Preschools were notified of the data collection through the ACT Education Directorate intranet. The Directorate provided government schools with a manual to assist users with the ACT Public School Census module, including instructions and validation techniques.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the ACT Public School Census are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website. School-level preschool enrolment counts are reported in the ACT Public School Census publication.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by the ACT Education Directorate in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available from the Directorate website https://www.education.act.gov.au/

B) ACT Independent Preschool Collection

Institutional Environment

The organisation responsible for the ACT Independent Preschool Collection was the ACT Education Directorate in collaboration with the Association of Independent Schools of the ACT. Data for 2022 were collected under the Education Act 2004 (ACT), the Children and Young People Act 2008 (ACT), and the ACT Childcare Services Standards 2009.

Relevance

Scope: The scope of the early childhood education component of the ACT Independent Preschool Collection included all children attending a preschool program in an independent school. Children who were absent for more than 4 continuous school weeks prior to the census date were included if the principal received written documentation signed by the child's guardian indicating that the child would return to school.

Coverage: The 2022 ACT Independent Preschool Collection included the primary independent schools delivering a preschool program.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ACT Independent Preschool Collection collected data using a URL data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The ACT Independent Preschool Collection is an annual collection with a reference period of 1 August 2022 to 12 August 2022. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week reference period to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

The ACT Education Directorate compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in October 2022.

Accuracy

In 2022, the Directorate carried out validation of 2022 data from each independent school delivering a preschool program. Service provider information for independent preschools in the ACT was provided by each of the Independent Schools, either through this collection or via the Child Care Benefit System.

ACT Independent Schools most commonly collect the indigenous status of students through the school's enrolment process. It is the family's decision if they wish for the student to be identified or not in the enrolment process or at any other time during the student's schooling.

Coherence

This is the 10th year the data for ACT Independent preschools has been included in the National ECEC Collection. The data has been collected on a comparable basis to 2021. There were no deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected.

Interpretability

In 2022, the data was collected by the Directorate directly from independent schools in collaboration with the Association of Independent Schools of the ACT. The Directorate liaised closely with each school to verify details. The Directorate then worked with each participating independent school to collect the data.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the ACT Independent Preschool Collection for the 2022 National ECEC Collection are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

Information Source

The Directorate collected information contained in this report directly from independent schools in consultation and collaboration with the Association of Independent Schools of the ACT.

C) ACT Catholic Preschool Collection

In 2022 the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn submission to the NECECC consisted of data from the ACT Catholic Preschool Collection.

Institutional environment

The organisation responsible for the ACT Catholic Preschool Collection was The Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn. Data for 2022 were collected under the Education Act 2004 (ACT), the Children and Young People Act 2008 (ACT), and the ACT Childcare Services Standards 2009.

Relevance

Scope: The scope of the preschool component of the ACT Catholic Preschool Collection included all children between 4 and 5 years of age attending a preschool program in a Catholic school. Children who were absent for more than 4 continuous school weeks prior to the census date were included if the principal received written documentation signed by the child's guardian indicating that the child would return to school.

Coverage: The 2022 ACT Catholic Preschool Collection included all primary Catholic schools delivering a preschool program or programs.

Data collection methods: The 2022 ACT Catholic Preschool Collection used a unit record level (URL) data collection methodology for children and service providers.

Timeliness

The ACT Catholic Preschool Collection is an annual collection and in 2022 was undertaken on 5 August, with a reference period of 25 July to 5 August 2022. Fortnightly data were converted to a one-week average to enable valid and reliable national comparisons.

Catholic Education compiled, processed and validated the data before submitting it to the ABS in November 2022.

Accuracy

In 2022, data were obtained from a point in time sweep of enrolment and attendance data stored in the ACT Catholic School administration system (known as 'MAZE'). Catholic Education carried out validation of 2022 data using data from the MAZE administrative system and through consultation with Catholic Education personnel and service providers. Data from each Catholic school delivering a preschool was assessed by Catholic Education.

Indigenous students are identified at enrolment, through the enrolment form. The information is not mandatory. Data is collected and stored in the MAZE administration system.

Coherence

The 2022 ACT Catholic Preschool Collection was the 10th time Catholic preschool data were included in the NECECC. An analysis of the coherence with other jurisdictional collections should be undertaken on an individual basis, taking in to account any data elements that are not consistent with the NECECC standards. There were no deviations between the NECECC standards and data collected in the ACT Catholic Preschool Collection.

Interpretability

In 2022, the data was collected by MAZE sweeps, QikKids and Human Resources Employment extracts, cross checked with personnel at Catholic Education and Centres. Catholic Education liaised closely with the Director of each centre to verify details.

Accessibility

Data sourced from the ACT Catholic Preschool Collection are published as part of Preschool Education and Microdata: Preschool Education on the ABS website.

Information source

The information contained within this report has been provided by the ACT Education Directorate and Catholic Education Office in consultation with the ABS. Further information is available from the ACT Education Directorate website http://www.det.act.gov.au.

State-specific year before full time schooling

Background

In 2016, a new state-specific year before full time schooling (YBFS) definition was developed to better reflect the YBFS concept needed for national reports by government. This state-specific YBFS definition uses the preschool and school age entry provisions of the state or territory in which the child usually resides.

The state-specific YBFS definition has been created mainly to assist with the Report on Government Services (RoGS) and Closing the Gap.

Statistics for the state-specific YBFS definition have been included in Preschool Education since 2016 and replace the original YBFS definition based statistics published in prior years. The original YBFS definition included all children enrolled and attending a preschool program aged 4 years and only children aged 5 years who had not previously attended a preschool program as a 4 year old.

Calculating state-specific YBFS cohorts

Table A4 shows the state-specific age ranges for children in their year before commencing school. For six jurisdictions, children born over a specified interval of 12 months are included. However, for New South Wales and Victoria the interval is slightly broader with adjustment factors applied to account for the rates at which the youngest children in the interval proceed from preschool to school education in those states.

A4 State-specific YBFS age cohorts based on months and years of birth
State or TerritoryAge cohorts by month and year of birth
NSWAll children born 2 July 2016 - 31 December 2017 and adjusted counts for children born in the interval 1 January 2018 - 31 July 2018 (56%)
VicAll children born 2 July 2016 - 31 December 2017 and adjusted counts for children born in January 2018 (74%), February 2018 (63%), March 2018 (52%), April 2018 (41%)
Qld, WA, NTAll children born 1 July 2017 – 30 June 2018
SA and ACTAll children born 1 May 2017 – 30 April 2018
TasAll children born 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2017

The preschool education statistics for the state-specific YBFS cohorts can be found in Tables 28 to 31 of the datacube in Preschool Education, 2022. These statistics are presented by the child’s state or territory of usual residence, which aligns with the place of usual residence basis for ABS population estimates and projections.

Population estimates for state-specific YBFS cohorts

Population estimates for the state-specific YBFS cohorts were created to allow reporting of population proportions within RoGS and Closing the Gap with greater accuracy than would otherwise be possible.

The state-specific YBFS population estimates in Table A5 for all children were created by:

  • distributing each state/territory’s estimated resident population (ERP) for children aged 3 to 6 years across individual months of birth according to birth statistics for the same time interval - the data used in these calculations were sourced from National, state and territory population and Births, Australia  

  • the distributed ERP was then aggregated according to the state-specific YBFS cohort age ranges in each state/territory. The same adjustment factors were applied for NSW and Victoria as highlighted in Table A4

  • finally, a deduction was made for the number of children aged 4 and 5 years of age in the state-specific YBFS cohorts that were attending school in each state/territory, this deduction was based on counts reported in Schools, Australia


For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, the same process was used but with population projections from Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians instead of ERP. This is because ERP for 30 June 2022 by single year of age are not currently available for this population.

A5 Population estimates in state-specific YBFS cohorts
 NSWVic.QldSAWATas.NTACT
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders6,6561,4295,6219632,2966411,394168
Non-indigenous(a)99,66780,34756,47118,10332,5725,4012,0375,167
Total106,32381,77762,09219,06634,8686,0423,4315,335

a. Calculated as the total less Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

Quality declaration

Institutional environment

Preschool Education is compiled with data from the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection (NECECC). This collection is derived from administrative data provided by state and territory and Australian Government education departments and the Catholic Education Office of the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn.

A comprehensive quality declaration for each jurisdiction can be found in Jurisdictional data quality statements.

For information on the institutional environment of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), including the legislative obligations of the ABS, financing and governance arrangements, and mechanisms for scrutiny of ABS operations, please see ABS Institutional Environment.

Relevance

This publication is partly conducted to support performance-based reporting for the Preschool Reform Agreement. It aims to compile child and service provider statistics from all service providers delivering an in-scope preschool program within Australia.

The National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection population includes:

  • service providers providing a structured, play based learning program, delivered by a degree qualified teacher, aimed at children in the year or two before full-time schooling (a preschool program) during the reference period
  • children between 3 and 6 years of age (inclusive) at 1 July who were enrolled in a preschool program during the reference period - to be considered enrolled, the child must have attended the preschool program for at least one hour during the reference period, (including attended an early childhood education program online or remotely due to COVID-19 impacts), or be absent due to illness or extended holiday leave or due to COVID-19 impacts and expected to return

Timeliness

The National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection has been conducted annually since 2010. The census date for the collection is the first Friday in August each year. Some jurisdictions may adopt a 2 week reference period that needs to include the census week. In exceptional circumstances a different reference period may be used if agreed to by the Australian Department of Education, the jurisdiction and the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

A summary of jurisdictional collection reference periods can be found in Jurisdictional data quality statements.

Accuracy

Data for the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection have been compiled according to national standards outlined in the Early Childhood Education and Care National Minimum Data Set in order to maximise consistency of data across the various jurisdictions. Alignment with these standards has not been completely achieved by all jurisdictions, and care should be taken when comparisons across jurisdictions are made. In addition, some jurisdictions were not able to provide the ABS with certain data elements as specified in the national standards.

Data quality overall is determined by the data submissions. Data issues are described in the Methodology section of this publication, and in Jurisdictional data quality statements.

Further information on the Early Childhood Education and Care National Minimum Data Set is available on the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare website.

Coherence

Due to jurisdictional differences in coverage, collection methodologies and alignment with the Early Childhood Education and Care National Minimum Data Set standards, the data presented in this iteration of Preschool Education may not be directly comparable across all jurisdictions or with previous years.

Differences in the scope and counting rules for the National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection mean that the data presented in the publication are not strictly comparable to data published in other national or state/territory publications.

Interpretability

National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection: Concepts, Sources and Methods contains detailed information on the data sources, terminology and other technical aspects associated with early childhood education and care statistics.

Accessibility

For enquiries about these and related statistics, contact the Customer Assistance Service via the ABS website Contact Us page. The ABS Privacy Policy outlines how the ABS will handle any personal information that you provide to us.

Glossary

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​​​​​​​Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

Children are included in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander counts if they are identified by a parent or guardian as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Annualised hours enrolled/attending

An estimate of the number of preschool program hours a child may have been enrolled/attending during the calendar year. It is calculated as a child's hours enrolled/attending in the reference week, multiplied by the number of weeks their service provider(s) operated in the calendar year.

Attendance

For the purposes of this publication, a child is considered to be attending a preschool program if the child was enrolled and present for at least one hour during the reference period. Children who did not attend a preschool program during the reference period (e.g. children who were absent due to illness or extended holiday leave) are not considered to have attended a preschool program.

Enrolment

A child is considered to be enrolled if they were offered a place, formally enrolled or registered in the preschool program and:

  • attended the preschool program for at least one hour during the reference period, or
  • were absent during the reference period due to illness or extended holiday leave, but were expected to return.


A child is not considered to be enrolled if they were absent during the reference period and not expected to return to the preschool program.

Episode

An episode is the count of the occurrence of a specific characteristic. For example, a preschool episode refers to a preschool program provided to a child. When one child attends two different preschool programs, the child is attending two episodes of preschool.

Estimated resident population (ERP)

Estimated Resident Population is the official measure of the population of Australia and is based on the concept of usual residence. It refers to all people, regardless of nationality, citizenship or legal status, who usually live in Australia, with the exception of foreign diplomatic personnel and their families. It includes usual residents who are overseas for less than 12 months. It excludes overseas visitors who are in Australia for less than 12 months. Estimates of the Australian resident population by state and territory are generated on a quarterly basis by adding natural increase (the excess of births over deaths), Net Interstate Migration, and Net Overseas Migration occurring during the period to the population at the beginning of each period. Note that population figures included in this publication are preliminary and based on the 2021 Census. For more information, see the Methodology section of this publication, National, state and territory population and Regional Population by Age and Sex.

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population projections included in this publication are based on the 2016 Census. For more information, see the Methodology section of this publication, Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Fees

Fees refer to the actual tuition fees charged for the child to attend a preschool program after subsidies have been deducted.

Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD)

The Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD) used in this release was developed by the ABS and ranks areas in Australia according to most disadvantaged to least disadvantaged using variables from the 2016 Census of Population and Housing. A low score on this index indicates a high proportion of relatively disadvantaged people in an area. It cannot be concluded that an area with a very high score has a large proportion of relatively advantaged people, as there are no variables in the index to indicate this.

Indigenous status

See Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Management type

Preschool management type refers to the legal or social entity responsible for managing the delivery of a preschool program. The management type categories include the following:

Government managed

  • state and territory and local government managed: Services that are managed by the state, territory or local government. Excludes state and territory government schools
  • state and territory government schools: Schools that are funded and managed by the respective state or territory government

    Non-government managed

    • private not-for-profit - community managed: Services that are managed by organisations based in the community through a membership made up of community members (e.g. the parents). The membership elects a management committee and the committee is accountable to the membership. No profit is distributed to the management committee or the members, and any surplus funds are redirected to the service.
    • private not-for-profit - other organisations: Services that are managed by non-profit organisations such as charity organisations, consortium of charity organisations and church groups. Excludes Independent and Catholic schools
    • private for-profit: Services provided or managed by a company or private individual
    • independent schools: Non-government schools that are governed, managed and accountable at the level of the individual school and are not affiliated with the diocesan Catholic Education Office
    • Catholic schools: Schools that are affiliated with the diocesan Catholic Education Office
    • other: Other services include employer sponsored services
       

    Preschool program

    A preschool program is a structured, play-based learning program, delivered by a degree qualified teacher, aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. This is irrespective of the type of institution that provides it or whether it is government funded and/or privately provided. Preschool programs are often referred to by other terms such as early childhood education, early learning or kindergarten.

    Qualified teacher

    A degree qualified early childhood teacher who meets the requirements of the National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education and Care (the National Quality Framework). The Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) publishes a list of approved and former approved early childhood teaching qualifications.

    Remoteness area (RA)

    Remoteness areas divide Australia into broad geographic regions on the basis of their relative access to services. They are based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) which measures the remoteness of a point based on the physical road distance to the nearest Urban Centre.

    Sector

    Sector is a classification derived from the service activity type and management type characteristics of service providers.

    Service activity type

    The service activity type is the main type of service available from or provided by a service provider. Service activity types include:

    • Centre based day care (CBDC): A centre based day care service is a centre based form of child care service providing all-day or part-time care for children (services may cater to specific groups within the general community). For-profit and not-for profit organisations, local councils, community organisations and employers may run these services. CBDC primarily provides services for children aged 0-5 years. Some centre based day care may also provide early childhood education and kindergarten programs and care for school children before and after school and during school holidays, where state and territory government regulations allow this. The service may operate from stand-alone or shared premises, including those on school grounds.
    • Early childhood education program: Comprises services providing a structured, play-based learning program, aimed at children in the year or two before they commence full-time schooling. The terms most commonly used to describe early education programs which are subject to the National Partnerships Universal Access to Early Childhood Education (UANP) in states and territories are:
       
      • Kindergarten – Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania
      • Kindergarten or Preschool – Victoria, South Australia
      • Preschool – New South Wales, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory
         

    Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA)

    SEIFA is a product developed especially for those interested in the assessment of the welfare of Australian communities. SEIFA is a suite of four summary measures that have been created from 2016 Census information. The indexes can be used to explore different aspects of socio-economic conditions by geographic areas. The SEIFA index used in this publication is the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD).

    State-specific year before full-time schooling (YBFS)

    The state-specific year before full-time schooling (YBFS) population is made up of an age range of children specific to each state based on that state’s preschool and school starting age provisions.

    Unit record level data collection

    Unit record level data collections contain data for each individual statistical entity in a collection population.

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