Job mobility

Latest release

Job mobility and job search of employed people, including changing industry or occupation, job tenure, and changes in current job (e.g. hours).

Reference period

February 2025

Released

29/07/2025

Next release Unknown

Release date and time

29/07/2025 11:30am AEST

Key statistics

During the year ending February 2025:

the job mobility rate decreased to 7.7%
younger workers were more mobile than older workers, with 12% of people aged 15 to 24 years changing jobs
2.2 million people left or lost a job
The annual retrenchment rate was 1.9%

This Job mobility release uses data sourced from the annual Participation, Job Search and Mobility (PJSM) survey. More information from the survey is published in these topic-based releases:

Microdata from the PJSM survey for 2015 to 2025 will be released in TableBuilder and DataLab (as a supplementary file to the Longitudinal Labour Force) on 7 August 2025. For more information, refer to Microdata and TableBuilder: Participation, Job Search and Mobility.

Duration in current job

There were 14.3 million people employed in February 2025. Over half (57%) had been employed in their current job for less than 5 years. About 17% had been in their job for less than 1 year.

The proportion of those in their current job between 1 and 4 years has risen slightly since 2024, up from 39% to 40%.

About 1 in 10 employed people (10%) had been in their current job for 20 years or more.

Chart 1: Duration of employment in current job
	Feb-22 (%)	Feb-23 (%)	Feb-24 (%)	Feb-25 (%)
Less than 1 year	21.2	21.1	18.6	16.8
1–4 years	33.9	35.0	38.6	40.3
5–9 years	17.9	17.9	17.5	17.9
10–19 years	16.4	15.8	15.5	15.4
20 years and over	10.7	10.2	9.7	9.7

Chart 1: Duration of employment in current job

["","Feb-22","Feb-23","Feb-24","Feb-25"]

[["Less than 1 year","1\u20134 years","5\u20139 years","10\u201319 years","20 years and over"],[[21.2],[33.9],[17.9],[16.4],[10.7]],[[21.1],[35],[17.9],[15.8],[10.2]],[[18.6],[38.6],[17.5],[15.5],[9.7]],[[16.8],[40.3],[17.9],[15.4],[9.7]]]

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New entrants to employment

2.4 million people started their current job in the year ending February 2025. This was a decrease of 0.2 million people compared with the year ending February 2024.

Of those who started their current job in the year ending February 2025, 1.3 million entered or re-entered employment without working during the last 12 months (i.e. they did not change jobs during the year). These 'new entrants' into employment include people who have:

never worked before and started their first job
started a new job after leaving or losing a previous job more than 12 months ago, or
resumed a held job or returned to a previous job after a period of absence (and reported their current duration of employment from their restart date)

New entrants were evenly split between men (614,700) and women (681,000). 82% of new entrants were aged under 45 years with 40% aged 15 to 24 years.

The industries with the most new entrants were:

Health care and social assistance - 213,000
Accommodation and food services - 191,700
Retail trade - 178,000
Construction - 100,000
Professional, scientific and technical services - 95,400

Chart 2: People who started their current job in the last 12 months
	New entrants in last 12 months ('000)	Changed jobs in last 12 months ('000)
Health Care and Social Assistance	213.0	184.5
Accommodation and Food Services	191.7	90.9
Retail Trade	178.0	101.3
Construction	100.0	106.1
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	95.4	95.7
Education and Training	76.7	74.1
Manufacturing	66.2	61.1
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	60.1	47.1
Other Services	55.0	40.0
Public Administration and Safety	49.3	80.2
Administrative and Support Services	46.1	41.2
Financial and Insurance Services	27.5	46.1
Arts and Recreation Services	26.4	14.9
Wholesale Trade	23.6	23.2
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	21.4	9.2
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	19.0	24.9
Mining	18.1	34.0
Information Media and Telecommunications	17.1	14.2
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	11.1	16.7

Chart 2: People who started their current job in the last 12 months

["","New entrants in last 12 months","Changed jobs in last 12 months"]

[["Health Care and Social Assistance","Accommodation and Food Services","Retail Trade","Construction","Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","Education and Training","Manufacturing","Transport, Postal and Warehousing","Other Services","Public Administration and Safety","Administrative and Support Services","Financial and Insurance Services","Arts and Recreation Services","Wholesale Trade","Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing","Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services","Mining","Information Media and Telecommunications","Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services"],[[213],[191.7],[178],[100],[95.4],[76.7],[66.2],[60.1],[55],[49.3],[46.1],[27.5],[26.4],[23.6],[21.4],[19],[18.1],[17.1],[11.1]],[[184.5],[90.9],[101.3],[106.1],[95.7],[74.1],[61.1],[47.1],[40],[80.2],[41.2],[46.1],[14.9],[23.2],[9.2],[24.9],[34],[14.2],[16.7]]]

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People who changed jobs

1.1 million people changed jobs (i.e. changed their employer or business) during the year ending February 2025 - a job mobility rate of 7.7%. This was a slight decrease on the 8.0% recorded in the year ending February 2024.

Chart 3: Job mobility rate, by sex
	Persons (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
1972	17.4	17.4	17.3
1973
1974
1975
1976	15.7	16.5	14.2
1977
1978
1979	15.9	17.0	13.8
1980	13.6	14.3	12.5
1981	16.2	16.8	15.1
1982	16.6	17.2	15.7
1983	14.4	14.9	13.4
1984	13.7	14.2	12.9
1985	15.2	15.4	15.1
1986	16.8	16.7	16.9
1987	16.6	17.0	15.9
1988	17.9	18.4	17.1
1989	19.5	19.9	18.8
1990	17.5	17.7	17.4
1991	14.1	14.3	13.7
1992	12.0	12.2	11.9
1993
1994	11.5	11.3	11.6
1995
1996	12.8	12.6	13.1
1997
1998	10.2	10.2	10.3
1999
2000	11.7	11.9	11.4
2001
2002	11.2	11.0	11.4
2003
2004	10.9	11.3	10.4
2005
2006	11.6	11.6	11.7
2007
2008	11.5	11.7	11.4
2009
2010	8.8	9.0	8.6
2011
2012	10.5	10.8	10.2
2013	9.2	9.7	8.6
2014
2015	7.9	8.4	7.4
2016	8.0	8.3	7.6
2017	7.7	8.3	7.0
2018	8.1	8.6	7.5
2019	8.4	8.7	8.1
2020	8.1	8.4	7.7
2021	7.5	7.4	7.5
2022	9.5	9.2	9.9
2023	9.6	9.7	9.4
2024	8.0	7.9	8.2
2025	7.7	7.6	7.9

Chart 3: Job mobility rate, by sex

["","Persons","Males","Females"]

[["1972","1973","1974","1975","1976","1977","1978","1979","1980","1981","1982","1983","1984","1985","1986","1987","1988","1989","1990","1991","1992","1993","1994","1995","1996","1997","1998","1999","2000","2001","2002","2003","2004","2005","2006","2007","2008","2009","2010","2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"],[[17.4],[null],[null],[null],[15.7],[null],[null],[15.9],[13.6],[16.2],[16.6],[14.4],[13.7],[15.2],[16.8],[16.6],[17.9],[19.5],[17.5],[14.1],[12],[null],[11.5],[null],[12.8],[null],[10.2],[null],[11.7],[null],[11.2],[null],[10.9],[null],[11.6],[null],[11.5],[null],[8.8],[null],[10.5],[9.2],[null],[7.9],[8],[7.7],[8.1],[8.4],[8.1],[7.5],[9.5],[9.6],[8],[7.7]],[[17.4],[null],[null],[null],[16.5],[null],[null],[17],[14.3],[16.8],[17.2],[14.9],[14.2],[15.4],[16.7],[17],[18.4],[19.9],[17.7],[14.3],[12.2],[null],[11.3],[null],[12.6],[null],[10.2],[null],[11.9],[null],[11],[null],[11.3],[null],[11.6],[null],[11.7],[null],[9],[null],[10.8],[9.7],[null],[8.4],[8.3],[8.3],[8.6],[8.7],[8.4],[7.4],[9.2],[9.7],[7.9],[7.6]],[[17.3],[null],[null],[null],[14.2],[null],[null],[13.8],[12.5],[15.1],[15.7],[13.4],[12.9],[15.1],[16.9],[15.9],[17.1],[18.8],[17.4],[13.7],[11.9],[null],[11.6],[null],[13.1],[null],[10.3],[null],[11.4],[null],[11.4],[null],[10.4],[null],[11.7],[null],[11.4],[null],[8.6],[null],[10.2],[8.6],[null],[7.4],[7.6],[7],[7.5],[8.1],[7.7],[7.5],[9.9],[9.4],[8.2],[7.9]]]

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Note: 2015 to 2025 data are available from Table 01 in Data downloads. Pre-2015 historical data can be found in the 2018 release of Participation, Job Search and Mobility publication. The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

Age

Younger workers are generally more mobile than older workers. In February 2025, the job mobility rates for selected age groups were as follows:

Aged 15 - 24 years - 11.5%
Aged 25 - 44 years - 9.2%
Aged 45 - 64 years - 4.9%
Aged 65 years and over - 1.1%

Chart 4: Job mobility rate, by age
	15 years and over (%)	15 - 24 years (%)	25 - 44 years (%)	45 - 64 years (%)	65 years and over (%)
Feb-94	11.5	20.6	11.3	5.5	0.2
Feb-95
Feb-96	12.8	23.0	13.1	5.9	2.1
Feb-97
Feb-98	10.2	18.3	10.8	4.6	0.6
Feb-99
Feb-00	11.7	20.7	12.6	5.7	0.9
Feb-01
Feb-02	11.2	19.8	12.1	5.6	0.0
Feb-03
Feb-04	10.9	19.0	11.9	5.6	1.8
Feb-05
Feb-06	11.6	19.9	12.9	6.2	1.5
Feb-07
Feb-08	11.5	20.1	12.8	6.1	1.6
Feb-09
Feb-10	8.8	15.8	10.3	4.3	0.7
Feb-11
Feb-12	10.5	18.1	12.1	5.7	2.2
Feb-13	9.2	15.9	10.5	5.2	1.3
Feb-14
Feb-15	7.9	12.7	9.4	4.6	1.7
Feb-16	8.0	13.0	9.6	4.4	1.5
Feb-17	7.7	13.2	9.2	4.0	1.3
Feb-18	8.1	12.3	10.1	4.5	1.1
Feb-19	8.4	14.2	10.0	4.8	1.2
Feb-20	8.1	12.8	9.8	4.8	0.9
Feb-21	7.5	13.1	8.5	4.8	0.9
Feb-22	9.5	15.9	11.0	6.1	1.5
Feb-23	9.6	14.9	11.3	5.9	2.2
Feb-24	8.0	12.5	9.3	5.3	1.7
Feb-25	7.7	11.5	9.2	4.9	1.1

Chart 4: Job mobility rate, by age

["","15 years and over","15 - 24 years","25 - 44 years","45 - 64 years","65 years and over"]

[["Feb-94","Feb-95","Feb-96","Feb-97","Feb-98","Feb-99","Feb-00","Feb-01","Feb-02","Feb-03","Feb-04","Feb-05","Feb-06","Feb-07","Feb-08","Feb-09","Feb-10","Feb-11","Feb-12","Feb-13","Feb-14","Feb-15","Feb-16","Feb-17","Feb-18","Feb-19","Feb-20","Feb-21","Feb-22","Feb-23","Feb-24","Feb-25"],[[11.5],[null],[12.8],[null],[10.2],[null],[11.7],[null],[11.2],[null],[10.9],[null],[11.6],[null],[11.5],[null],[8.8],[null],[10.5],[9.2],[null],[7.9],[8],[7.7],[8.1],[8.4],[8.1],[7.5],[9.5],[9.6],[8],[7.7]],[[20.6],[null],[23],[null],[18.3],[null],[20.7],[null],[19.8],[null],[19],[null],[19.9],[null],[20.1],[null],[15.8],[null],[18.1],[15.9],[null],[12.7],[13],[13.2],[12.3],[14.2],[12.8],[13.1],[15.9],[14.9],[12.5],[11.5]],[[11.3],[null],[13.1],[null],[10.8],[null],[12.6],[null],[12.1],[null],[11.9],[null],[12.9],[null],[12.8],[null],[10.3],[null],[12.1],[10.5],[null],[9.4],[9.6],[9.2],[10.1],[10],[9.8],[8.5],[11],[11.3],[9.3],[9.2]],[[5.5],[null],[5.9],[null],[4.6],[null],[5.7],[null],[5.6],[null],[5.6],[null],[6.2],[null],[6.1],[null],[4.3],[null],[5.7],[5.2],[null],[4.6],[4.4],[4],[4.5],[4.8],[4.8],[4.8],[6.1],[5.9],[5.3],[4.9]],[[0.2],[null],[2.1],[null],[0.6],[null],[0.9],[null],[0],[null],[1.8],[null],[1.5],[null],[1.6],[null],[0.7],[null],[2.2],[1.3],[null],[1.7],[1.5],[1.3],[1.1],[1.2],[0.9],[0.9],[1.5],[2.2],[1.7],[1.1]]]

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Note: 2015 to 2025 data are available from Table 01 in Data downloads. The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

State and territory

The states and territories with the highest rate of job mobility were:

Australian Capital Territory - 11.2%
Queensland - 9.2%
Western Australia - 8.6%
Northern Territory - 8.3%.

Job mobility decreased in most of the states and territories. The largest falls were for:

Tasmania - down 1.0 percentage points (from 8.7% to 7.7%)
New South Wales - down 0.8 percentage points (from 7.6% to 6.8%).

Chart 5: Job mobility rate, by state and territory
	Year ending Feb-22 (%)	Year ending Feb-23 (%)	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
NSW	8.2	9.2	7.6	6.8
Vic	10.1	9.3	7.6	7.1
Qld	9.7	10.1	8.6	9.2
SA	8.7	8.9	8.0	7.5
WA	11.3	10.0	8.7	8.6
Tas	8.8	10.2	8.7	7.7
NT	11.1	9.4	8.2	8.3
ACT	13.2	12.4	10.5	11.2

Chart 5: Job mobility rate, by state and territory

["","Year ending Feb-22","Year ending Feb-23","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["NSW","Vic","Qld","SA","WA","Tas","NT","ACT"],[[8.2],[10.1],[9.7],[8.7],[11.3],[8.8],[11.1],[13.2]],[[9.2],[9.3],[10.1],[8.9],[10],[10.2],[9.4],[12.4]],[[7.6],[7.6],[8.6],[8],[8.7],[8.7],[8.2],[10.5]],[[6.8],[7.1],[9.2],[7.5],[8.6],[7.7],[8.3],[11.2]]]

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Note: The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

Change in occupation

Job mobility decreased in five of the eight major occupation groups. The largest decreases were for:

Clerical and administrative workers (8.3% to 6.4%)
Labourers (9.1% to 8.4%)
Managers (6.6% to 6.2%)
Technicians and trades (8.5% to 8.3%).

Chart 6: Job mobility rate, by occupation that was left
	Year ending Feb 2024 (%)	Year ending Feb 2025 (%)
Managers	6.6	6.2
Professionals	7.0	7.4
Technicians and Trades	8.5	8.3
Community and Personal Service Workers	9.5	9.5
Clerical and Administrative Workers	8.3	6.4
Sales Workers	9.6	9.9
Machinery Operators and Drivers	7.9	9.0
Labourers	9.1	8.4

Skill level 1	6.8	7.1
Skill level 2	7.4	7.3
Skill level 3	7.6	7.9
Skill level 4	9.1	8.6
Skill level 5	9.4	8.9

Chart 6: Job mobility rate, by occupation that was left

["","Year ending Feb 2024","Year ending Feb 2025"]

[["Managers","Professionals","Technicians and Trades","Community and Personal Service Workers","Clerical and Administrative Workers","Sales Workers","Machinery Operators and Drivers","Labourers","","Skill level 1","Skill level 2","Skill level 3","Skill level 4","Skill level 5"],[[6.6],[7],[8.5],[9.5],[8.3],[9.6],[7.9],[9.1],[null],[6.8],[7.4],[7.6],[9.1],[9.4]],[[6.2],[7.4],[8.3],[9.5],[6.4],[9.9],[9],[8.4],[null],[7.1],[7.3],[7.9],[8.6],[8.9]]]

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Note: The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

Chart 7: Job mobility rate, by occupation that was entered
	Year ending Feb 2024 (%)	Year ending Feb 2025 (%)
Managers	5.8	5.7
Professionals	7.4	7.4
Technicians and Trades	8.8	7.8
Community and Personal Service Workers	9.2	9.0
Clerical and Administrative Workers	9.6	7.5
Sales Workers	7.6	8.2
Machinery Operators and Drivers	8.9	9.3
Labourers	8.0	8.5

Skill level 1	7.1	7.0
Skill level 2	7.8	6.8
Skill level 3	8.4	8.1
Skill level 4	9.8	8.8
Skill level 5	7.2	8.2

Chart 7: Job mobility rate, by occupation that was entered

["","Year ending Feb 2024","Year ending Feb 2025"]

[["Managers","Professionals","Technicians and Trades","Community and Personal Service Workers","Clerical and Administrative Workers","Sales Workers","Machinery Operators and Drivers","Labourers","","Skill level 1","Skill level 2","Skill level 3","Skill level 4","Skill level 5"],[[5.8],[7.4],[8.8],[9.2],[9.6],[7.6],[8.9],[8],[null],[7.1],[7.8],[8.4],[9.8],[7.2]],[[5.7],[7.4],[7.8],[9],[7.5],[8.2],[9.3],[8.5],[null],[7],[6.8],[8.1],[8.8],[8.2]]]

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Note: The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

As in previous years, Professionals made up the largest share of people who changed jobs. There were 261,300 professionals that changed jobs during the year ending February 2025, which was a 24% share of all people who changed jobs, slightly higher than the previous year.

The next largest share was Technicians and trades workers at 14%, while Machinery operators and drivers had the smallest share (6.4% share, up from 5.4% from the previous year).

Chart 8: People who changed jobs, by occupation that was left
	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
Professionals	23.6	25.4
Technicians and Trades Workers	13.9	14.7
Community and Personal Service Workers	12.8	14.0
Managers	11.1	10.4
Clerical and Administrative Workers	13.3	10.2
Sales Workers	8.8	9.7
Labourers	8.9	8.4
Machinery Operators and Drivers	6.0	6.9
Inadequately described	1.7	0.3

Chart 8: People who changed jobs, by occupation that was left

["","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["Professionals","Technicians and Trades Workers","Community and Personal Service Workers","Managers","Clerical and Administrative Workers","Sales Workers","Labourers","Machinery Operators and Drivers","Inadequately described"],[[23.6],[13.9],[12.8],[11.1],[13.3],[8.8],[8.9],[6],[1.7]],[[25.4],[14.7],[14],[10.4],[10.2],[9.7],[8.4],[6.9],[0.3]]]

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Chart 9: People who changed jobs, by occupation that was entered
	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
Professionals	24.7	25.4
Technicians and Trades	14.6	13.7
Clerical and Administrative Workers	15.6	12.1
Community and Personal Service Workers	13.2	14.0
Managers	9.2	9.5
Labourers	8.5	9.4
Sales Workers	7.2	8.6
Machinery Operators and Drivers	7.0	7.3

Chart 9: People who changed jobs, by occupation that was entered

["","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["Professionals","Technicians and Trades","Clerical and Administrative Workers","Community and Personal Service Workers","Managers","Labourers","Sales Workers","Machinery Operators and Drivers"],[[24.7],[14.6],[15.6],[13.2],[9.2],[8.5],[7.2],[7]],[[25.4],[13.7],[12.1],[14],[9.5],[9.4],[8.6],[7.3]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Of the 1.1 million people who changed jobs in the last year, 62% (686,000) were working in the same major occupation group as they were at the start of the year.

All occupation groups had a higher proportion of people who changed jobs within the same occupation group than into a different major occupation group.

Professionals had the highest proportion within the same occupation group (82%) with Sales workers having the lowest proportion within the same occupation group (51%).

Chart 10: Changed jobs to a different occupation
	Changed jobs into a different occupation group (%)	Changed jobs within the same occupation group (%)
Professionals	18.0	82.0
Technicians and Trades	25.0	75.0
Machinery Operators and Drivers	32.2	67.8
Clerical and Administrative Workers	39.4	60.6
Community and Personal Service Workers	38.6	61.4
Labourers	46.6	53.4
Managers	43.2	56.8
Sales Workers	49.0	51.0

Chart 10: Changed jobs to a different occupation

["","Changed jobs into a different occupation group","Changed jobs within the same occupation group"]

[["Professionals","Technicians and Trades","Machinery Operators and Drivers","Clerical and Administrative Workers","Community and Personal Service Workers","Labourers","Managers","Sales Workers"],[[18],[25],[32.2],[39.4],[38.6],[46.6],[43.2],[49]],[[82],[75],[67.8],[60.6],[61.4],[53.4],[56.8],[51]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Occupation at the start of the year","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"100","tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Change in industry

Job mobility decreased in just over half of industries, with the largest decreases in:

Information media and telecommunications (11.7% to 7.5%)
Mining (11.2% to 7.7%)
Wholesale trade (7.7% to 4.3%).

The industry that saw the largest increase in job mobility was Other services (6.4% to 9.8%).

Chart 11: Job mobility rate, by industry of job that was left
	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
Accommodation and Food Services	15.6	15.5
Other Services	6.4	9.8
Retail Trade	9.3	9.3
Administrative and Support Services	10.8	8.3
Manufacturing	6.2	8.0
Construction	9.2	7.9
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	9.0	7.8
Mining	11.2	7.7
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	8.3	7.7
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	7.1	7.5
Information Media and Telecommunications	11.7	7.5
Health Care and Social Assistance	6.9	7.0
Arts and Recreation Services	6.1	6.9
Public Administration and Safety	6.8	6.4
Financial and Insurance Services	5.3	6.4
Education and Training	5.1	5.6
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	6.9	5.5
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	3.7	5.0
Wholesale Trade	7.7	4.3

Chart 11: Job mobility rate, by industry of job that was left

["","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["Accommodation and Food Services","Other Services","Retail Trade","Administrative and Support Services","Manufacturing","Construction","Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","Mining","Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services","Transport, Postal and Warehousing","Information Media and Telecommunications","Health Care and Social Assistance","Arts and Recreation Services","Public Administration and Safety","Financial and Insurance Services","Education and Training","Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services","Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing","Wholesale Trade"],[[15.6],[6.4],[9.3],[10.8],[6.2],[9.2],[9],[11.2],[8.3],[7.1],[11.7],[6.9],[6.1],[6.8],[5.3],[5.1],[6.9],[3.7],[7.7]],[[15.5],[9.8],[9.3],[8.3],[8],[7.9],[7.8],[7.7],[7.7],[7.5],[7.5],[7],[6.9],[6.4],[6.4],[5.6],[5.5],[5],[4.3]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Industry of job at the start of the year","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

Chart 12: Job mobility rate, by industry of job that was entered
	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
Mining	11.7	11.4
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	7.7	10.0
Accommodation and Food Services	9.9	9.6
Administrative and Support Services	9.1	9.5
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	12.0	9.3
Public Administration and Safety	8.8	8.5
Financial and Insurance Services	6.9	8.1
Health Care and Social Assistance	8.0	8.0
Construction	9.7	7.9
Other Services	6.9	7.5
Retail Trade	7.6	7.5
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	8.6	7.5
Information Media and Telecommunications	11.2	7.3
Manufacturing	6.7	6.9
Wholesale Trade	7.9	6.9
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	6.7	6.5
Education and Training	5.3	6.2
Arts and Recreation Services	9.1	5.4
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	5.0	3.2

Chart 12: Job mobility rate, by industry of job that was entered

["","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["Mining","Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services","Accommodation and Food Services","Administrative and Support Services","Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services","Public Administration and Safety","Financial and Insurance Services","Health Care and Social Assistance","Construction","Other Services","Retail Trade","Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","Information Media and Telecommunications","Manufacturing","Wholesale Trade","Transport, Postal and Warehousing","Education and Training","Arts and Recreation Services","Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing"],[[11.7],[7.7],[9.9],[9.1],[12],[8.8],[6.9],[8],[9.7],[6.9],[7.6],[8.6],[11.2],[6.7],[7.9],[6.7],[5.3],[9.1],[5]],[[11.4],[10],[9.6],[9.5],[9.3],[8.5],[8.1],[8],[7.9],[7.5],[7.5],[7.5],[7.3],[6.9],[6.9],[6.5],[6.2],[5.4],[3.2]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Industry of job at the end of the year","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: The job mobility rate is the number of people who changed jobs during the year as a proportion of people who were employed at the end of the year.

The Health Care and Social Assistance accounted for the largest share of people who changed jobs in the year ending February 2025 (14.1%). This was followed by Accommodation and Food Services (12.2%) and Retail Trade (10.9%).

Chart 13: People who changed jobs, by industry of job that was left
	Year ending Feb 2024 (%)	Year ending Feb 2025 (%)
Health Care and Social Assistance	13.3	14.1
Accommodation and Food Services	11.2	12.2
Retail Trade	11.1	10.9
Construction	10.8	9.5
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	11.0	9.1
Manufacturing	4.9	6.4
Education and Training	5.5	6.2
Public Administration and Safety	5.6	5.5
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	4.5	5.0
Other Services	2.9	4.7
Financial and Insurance Services	2.6	3.3
Administrative and Support Services	4.0	3.1
Mining	2.7	2.0
Arts and Recreation Services	1.5	1.8
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	1.1	1.3
Wholesale Trade	2.7	1.3
Information Media and Telecommunications	2.1	1.3
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	1.3	1.2
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	1.3	1.2

Chart 13: People who changed jobs, by industry of job that was left

["","Year ending Feb 2024","Year ending Feb 2025"]

[["Health Care and Social Assistance","Accommodation and Food Services","Retail Trade","Construction","Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","Manufacturing","Education and Training","Public Administration and Safety","Transport, Postal and Warehousing","Other Services","Financial and Insurance Services","Administrative and Support Services","Mining","Arts and Recreation Services","Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing","Wholesale Trade","Information Media and Telecommunications","Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services","Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services"],[[13.3],[11.2],[11.1],[10.8],[11],[4.9],[5.5],[5.6],[4.5],[2.9],[2.6],[4],[2.7],[1.5],[1.1],[2.7],[2.1],[1.3],[1.3]],[[14.1],[12.2],[10.9],[9.5],[9.1],[6.4],[6.2],[5.5],[5],[4.7],[3.3],[3.1],[2],[1.8],[1.3],[1.3],[1.3],[1.2],[1.2]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Industry of job at the start of the year","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"16","tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Chart 14: People who changed jobs, by industry of job that was entered
	Year ending Feb-24 (%)	Year ending Feb-25 (%)
Health Care and Social Assistance	15.5	16.7
Construction	11.1	9.6
Retail Trade	9.2	9.2
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	10.1	8.7
Accommodation and Food Services	7.8	8.2
Public Administration and Safety	7.0	7.3
Education and Training	5.6	6.7
Manufacturing	5.2	5.5
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	4.3	4.3
Financial and Insurance Services	3.3	4.2
Administrative and Support Services	3.5	3.7
Other Services	3.2	3.6
Mining	2.8	3.1
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	1.5	2.3
Wholesale Trade	2.7	2.1
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	1.8	1.5
Arts and Recreation Services	2.2	1.3
Information Media and Telecommunications	2.0	1.3
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	1.4	0.8

Chart 14: People who changed jobs, by industry of job that was entered

["","Year ending Feb-24","Year ending Feb-25"]

[["Health Care and Social Assistance","Construction","Retail Trade","Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","Accommodation and Food Services","Public Administration and Safety","Education and Training","Manufacturing","Transport, Postal and Warehousing","Financial and Insurance Services","Administrative and Support Services","Other Services","Mining","Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services","Wholesale Trade","Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services","Arts and Recreation Services","Information Media and Telecommunications","Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing"],[[15.5],[11.1],[9.2],[10.1],[7.8],[7],[5.6],[5.2],[4.3],[3.3],[3.5],[3.2],[2.8],[1.5],[2.7],[1.8],[2.2],[2],[1.4]],[[16.7],[9.6],[9.2],[8.7],[8.2],[7.3],[6.7],[5.5],[4.3],[4.2],[3.7],[3.6],[3.1],[2.3],[2.1],[1.5],[1.3],[1.3],[0.8]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Industry of job at the end of the year","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Left or lost a job

There were 2.1 million people in the year to February 2025 who left or lost a job in the previous 12 months, similar to the 2.1 million in the year to February 2024. Following a record low in the year to February 2023 (8%, or 183,200 people), the number of people retrenched in the year to February 2025 was 268,000, which was 12% of people who left or lost a job.

A quarter (25%) of all people who left or lost a job in the 12 months to February 2025 were people who left a job to obtain a better job or just wanted a change (534,700), down from 33% during the year ending February 2022.

The proportion of people losing or leaving a job who retired in the year to February 2025 was 6.3%, which was up from 4.6% in the year to February 2024.

Chart 15: Main reason left or lost a job
	Year ending Feb 2022 (%)	Year ending Feb 2023 (%)	Year ending Feb 2024 (%)	Year ending Feb 2025 (%)
LOST A JOB
Retrenched	9.4	8.0	10.9	12.5
Job ended, was temporary or seasonal	9.2	8.8	9.7	9.8
Own ill health or injury	4.8	5.4	5.8	6.3
Dismissed	1.2	0.7	1.1	1.1
LEFT A JOB
To get a better job or just wanted a change	33.1	32.5	27.3	24.8
Poor work arrangements, pay or hours	12.6	11.8	11.5	12.6
Family reasons	7.9	8.9	9.0	9.2
Retired	4.2	5.0	4.6	6.3
Holiday job, returned to studies	2.7	3.7	4.3	4.0
To start own or new business	1.2	1.5	0.8	1.1
OTHER
Other reasons	13.7	13.7	15.0	12.3

Chart 15: Main reason left or lost a job

["","Year ending Feb 2022","Year ending Feb 2023","Year ending Feb 2024","Year ending Feb 2025"]

[["LOST A JOB","Retrenched","Job ended, was temporary or seasonal","Own ill health or injury","Dismissed","LEFT A JOB","To get a better job or just wanted a change","Poor work arrangements, pay or hours","Family reasons","Retired","Holiday job, returned to studies","To start own or new business","OTHER","Other reasons"],[[null],[9.4],[9.2],[4.8],[1.2],[null],[33.1],[12.6],[7.9],[4.2],[2.7],[1.2],[null],[13.7]],[[null],[8],[8.8],[5.4],[0.7],[null],[32.5],[11.8],[8.9],[5],[3.7],[1.5],[null],[13.7]],[[null],[10.9],[9.7],[5.8],[1.1],[null],[27.3],[11.5],[9],[4.6],[4.3],[0.8],[null],[15]],[[null],[12.5],[9.8],[6.3],[1.1],[null],[24.8],[12.6],[9.2],[6.3],[4],[1.1],[null],[12.3]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note:

Owner managers whose businesses closed down for economic reasons are included in "Retrenched"
Owner managers whose businesses closed down or were sold for other reasons are included in "Other reasons"

More men than women reported being retrenched last year (15% and 11%). The most common reason people left a job was to get a better job or just wanted a change (26% for men and 24% for women). A higher proportion of women reported leaving a job for family reasons than men (14% compared with 4%).

Chart 16: Main reason left or lost a job, by sex
	Males (%)	Females (%)
LOST A JOB
Retrenched	14.5	10.5
Job ended, was temporary or seasonal	10.3	9.4
Own ill health or injury	6.0	6.5
Dismissed	1.3	0.9
LEFT A JOB
To get a better job or just wanted a change	25.9	23.9
Poor work arrangements, pay or hours	13.3	11.8
Family reasons	4.2	13.9
Retired	7.1	5.6
Holiday job, returned to studies	4.2	3.8
To start own or new business	1.4	0.8
OTHER
Other reasons	11.8	12.9

Chart 16: Main reason left or lost a job, by sex

["","Males","Females"]

[["LOST A JOB","Retrenched","Job ended, was temporary or seasonal","Own ill health or injury","Dismissed","LEFT A JOB","To get a better job or just wanted a change","Poor work arrangements, pay or hours","Family reasons","Retired","Holiday job, returned to studies","To start own or new business","OTHER","Other reasons"],[[null],[14.5],[10.3],[6],[1.3],[null],[25.9],[13.3],[4.2],[7.1],[4.2],[1.4],[null],[11.8]],[[null],[10.5],[9.4],[6.5],[0.9],[null],[23.9],[11.8],[13.9],[5.6],[3.8],[0.8],[null],[12.9]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"(%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note:

Owner managers whose businesses closed down for economic reasons are included in "Retrenched"
Owner managers whose businesses closed down or were sold for other reasons are included in "Other reasons"

Retrenchments

The annual retrenchment rate is the number of people who were retrenched in a given year as a proportion of the number of people who were employed at the start of that year.

In the year ending February 2025, the retrenchment rate was 1.9%, which was up 0.2 percentage points from the year ending February 2024. Since 1972, the lowest retrenchment rate was in the year to February 2023 (1.3%) and the highest was in the year to February 1991 (7.2%).

Chart 17: Annual retrenchment rate
	Males (%)	Females (%)	Persons (%)
Nov-72	2.5	1.6	2.2
Feb-73	.	.	.
May-73	.	.	.
Aug-73	.	.	.
Nov-73	.	.	.
Feb-74	.	.	.
May-74	.	.	.
Aug-74	.	.	.
Nov-74	.	.	.
Feb-75	.	.	.
May-75	.	.	.
Aug-75	.	.	.
Nov-75	.	.	.
Feb-76	4.8	5.8	5.2
May-76	.	.	.
Aug-76	.	.	.
Nov-76	.	.	.
Feb-77	.	.	.
May-77	.	.	.
Aug-77	.	.	.
Nov-77	.	.	.
Feb-78	.	.	.
May-78	.	.	.
Aug-78	.	.	.
Nov-78	.	.	.
Feb-79	4.8	4.6	4.7
May-79	.	.	.
Aug-79	.	.	.
Nov-79	.	.	.
Feb-80	4.3	4.9	4.5
May-80	.	.	.
Aug-80	.	.	.
Nov-80	.	.	.
Feb-81	2.6	1.6	2.2
May-81	.	.	.
Aug-81	.	.	.
Nov-81	.	.	.
Feb-82	3.4	3.6	3.5
May-82	.	.	.
Aug-82	.	.	.
Nov-82	.	.	.
Feb-83	7.2	5.5	6.6
May-83	.	.	.
Aug-83	.	.	.
Nov-83	.	.	.
Feb-84	5.2	4.2	4.8
May-84	.	.	.
Aug-84	.	.	.
Nov-84	.	.	.
Feb-85	4.0	3.7	3.9
May-85	.	.	.
Aug-85	.	.	.
Nov-85	.	.	.
Feb-86	3.6	3.3	3.5
May-86	.	.	.
Aug-86	.	.	.
Nov-86	.	.	.
Feb-87	5.4	4.9	5.2
May-87	.	.	.
Aug-87	.	.	.
Nov-87	.	.	.
Feb-88	5.3	4.7	5.1
May-88	.	.	.
Aug-88	.	.	.
Nov-88	.	.	.
Feb-89	4.7	4.7	4.7
May-89	.	.	.
Aug-89	.	.	.
Nov-89	.	.	.
Feb-90	5.1	5.0	5.1
May-90	.	.	.
Aug-90	.	.	.
Nov-90	.	.	.
Feb-91	7.9	6.2	7.2
May-91	.	.	.
Aug-91	.	.	.
Nov-91	.	.	.
Feb-92	7.9	5.8	7.0
May-92	.	.	.
Aug-92	.	.	.
Nov-92	.	.	.
Feb-93	.	.	.
May-93	.	.	.
Aug-93	.	.	.
Nov-93	.	.	.
Feb-94	6.8	4.9	6.0
May-94	.	.	.
Aug-94	.	.	.
Nov-94	.	.	.
Feb-95	.	.	.
May-95	.	.	.
Aug-95	.	.	.
Nov-95	.	.	.
Feb-96	5.8	4.0	5.1
May-96	.	.	.
Aug-96	.	.	.
Nov-96	.	.	.
Feb-97	.	.	.
May-97	.	.	.
Aug-97	.	.	.
Nov-97	.	.	.
Feb-98	5.2	4.2	4.8
May-98	.	.	.
Aug-98	.	.	.
Nov-98	.	.	.
Feb-99	.	.	.
May-99	.	.	.
Aug-99	.	.	.
Nov-99	.	.	.
Feb-00	4.9	3.6	4.3
May-00	.	.	.
Aug-00	.	.	.
Nov-00	.	.	.
Feb-01	.	.	.
May-01	.	.	.
Aug-01	.	.	.
Nov-01	.	.	.
Feb-02	4.8	3.2	4.1
May-02	.	.	.
Aug-02	.	.	.
Nov-02	.	.	.
Feb-03	.	.	.
May-03	.	.	.
Aug-03	.	.	.
Nov-03	.	.	.
Feb-04	2.9	2.5	2.8
May-04	.	.	.
Aug-04	.	.	.
Nov-04	.	.	.
Feb-05	.	.	.
May-05	.	.	.
Aug-05	.	.	.
Nov-05	.	.	.
Feb-06	2.6	2.2	2.4
May-06	.	.	.
Aug-06	.	.	.
Nov-06	.	.	.
Feb-07	.	.	.
May-07	.	.	.
Aug-07	.	.	.
Nov-07	.	.	.
Feb-08	2.3	1.9	2.1
May-08	.	.	.
Aug-08	.	.	.
Nov-08	.	.	.
Feb-09	.	.	.
May-09	.	.	.
Aug-09	.	.	.
Nov-09	.	.	.
Feb-10	3.9	2.5	3.3
May-10	.	.	.
Aug-10	.	.	.
Nov-10	.	.	.
Feb-11	.	.	.
May-11	.	.	.
Aug-11	.	.	.
Nov-11	.	.	.
Feb-12	3.2	2.3	2.8
May-12	.	.	.
Aug-12	.	.	.
Nov-12	.	.	.
Feb-13	3.7	2.7	3.3
May-13	.	.	.
Aug-13	.	.	.
Nov-13	.	.	.
Feb-14	.	.	.
May-14	.	.	.
Aug-14	.	.	.
Nov-14	.	.	.
Feb-15	3.4	2.2	2.9
May-15	.	.	.
Aug-15	.	.	.
Nov-15	.	.	.
Feb-16	3.1	2.2	2.7
May-16	.	.	.
Aug-16	.	.	.
Nov-16	.	.	.
Feb-17	2.8	2.2	2.5
May-17	.	.	.
Aug-17	.	.	.
Nov-17	.	.	.
Feb-18	2.3	2.0	2.1
May-18	.	.	.
Aug-18	.	.	.
Nov-18	.	.	.
Feb-19	2.6	1.6	2.1
May-19	.	.	.
Aug-19	.	.	.
Nov-19	.	.	.
Feb-20	2.5	1.5	2.1
May-20	.	.	.
Aug-20	.	.	.
Nov-20	.	.	.
Feb-21	3.2	2.8	3.0
May-21	.	.	.
Aug-21	.	.	.
Nov-21	.	.	.
Feb-22	1.5	1.4	1.5
May-22	.	.	.
Aug-22	.	.	.
Nov-22	.	.	.
Feb-23	1.5	1.2	1.3
May-23
Aug-23
Nov-23
Feb-24	1.8	1.5	1.7
May-24
Aug-24
Nov-24
Feb-25	2.0	1.7	1.9

Chart 17: Annual retrenchment rate

["","Males","Females","Persons"]

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[]

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Data downloads

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Job mobility

Data files

Table 1. Labour mobility, retrenchments and duration of employment
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Table 2. Retrenchments and other reasons for ceasing a job last year
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Table 3. Changes in employment characteristics of people employed last year
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Engagements and Separations

Data files

Table 4. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry
Download xlsx [2.9 MB]
Table 5. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry
Download xlsx [2.87 MB]
Table 6. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation
Download xlsx [1.9 MB]
Table 7. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation
Download xlsx [1.84 MB]
Relative standard errors, Tables 1 to 7
Download zip [10.59 MB]

Previous catalogue number

This release uses ABS catalogue number 6223.0.

Post release changes

29 July 2025 - 1pm:

Corrections were made to 'Changed jobs in last 12 months' in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Methodology

Participation, Job Search and Mobility, Australia methodology, February 2025

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APA

Citation

Job mobility

APA

Citation

Key statistics

Duration in current job

New entrants to employment

People who changed jobs

Age

State and territory

Change in occupation

Change in industry

Left or lost a job

Retrenchments

Data downloads

Job mobility

Table 1. Labour mobility, retrenchments and duration of employment

Table 2. Retrenchments and other reasons for ceasing a job last year

Table 3. Changes in employment characteristics of people employed last year

Engagements and Separations

Table 4. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry

Table 5. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry

Table 6. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation

Table 7. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation

Relative standard errors, Tables 1 to 7

Previous catalogue number

Post release changes

Methodology

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Microdata and TableBuilder

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APA

Job mobility

APA

Key statistics

Duration in current job

New entrants to employment

People who changed jobs

Age

State and territory

Change in occupation

Change in industry

Left or lost a job

Retrenchments

Data downloads

Job mobility

Table 1. Labour mobility, retrenchments and duration of employment

Table 2. Retrenchments and other reasons for ceasing a job last year

Table 3. Changes in employment characteristics of people employed last year

Engagements and Separations

Table 4. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry

Table 5. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by industry

Table 6. Separations and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation

Table 7. Engagements and other changes in employment of people employed last year by occupation

Relative standard errors, Tables 1 to 7

Previous catalogue number

Post release changes

Methodology

Media releases

Job mobility continues to decline into 2025

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