Multiple job-holders

Latest release

The number and prevalence of people working more than one job, their demographic and employment characteristics and working arrangements.

Reference period

September 2025

Released

5/12/2025

Release date and time

05/12/2025 11:30am AEDT

Key statistics

For September 2025:

There were 973,000 multiple job-holders (6.5% of employed people)
7.6% of employed women were multiple job-holders, compared to 5.6% of employed men
Workers aged 20-24 years old were most likely to be working multiple jobs (8.2%)
People who were a Community and personal service worker in their main job were most likely to be a multiple job-holder (11.3%).

Sources of multiple job-holder data

This multi-source release, published alongside the quarterly Labour Account, supports headline estimates in the Labour Account by providing additional detail on the characteristics of multiple job-holders.

This release brings together data from the following ABS sources on multiple job-holders:

Labour Account, September quarter 2025 – headline estimates of the level and rate of multiple job-holding, by industry
Labour Force, Australia, September 2025– detailed socio-demographic and employment characteristics of multiple job-holders
Jobs in Australia, 2022-23 – selected characteristics of multiple job-holders, based on personal income tax data available from the Linked Employer-Employee Dataset (LEED).

Data impacts and changes

Revisions this quarter

Updates to Multiple job-holders estimates

The ABS is producing an expanded Labour Account series, which includes estimates of multiple job-holders by sex and age, and industry. These updated estimates will be published a week after the Labour Account, December quarter 2025 is released, on Friday, 13th March 2026.

The estimates calculated in the expanded Labour Account will replace some of the series which are included in the Multiple job-holders publication. Due to differences in the concepts and methods used in the published Multiple job-holders series, and the Labour Account expanded series, there will be some minor revisions to the series. To align with the timing of the release of the expanded Labour Account series, Multiple job-holders, December quarter 2025 will also be published on on Friday, 13th March 2026.

Both the expanded Labour Account and the Multiple job-holders industry estimates use the Labour Account as the primary data source.

Multiple job-holding over time

In September 2025, there were 973,000 multiple job-holders, compared to 14.0 million single job-holders. This was an increase of 2.2% from June 2025 when there were 952,000 multiple job-holders.

Between 1994 and 2019, the multiple job-holding rate remained between 5.0% and 6.0%. However, following a large decline in June 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the multiple job-holding rate rose and has remained at an all time high between 6.4% and 6.7% since June 2022.

Multiple job-holding rate and levels
Quarter	Multiple job-holding rate (%)	Multiple job-holders
Sep-03	5.6	542,100
Dec-03	5.5	539,100
Mar-04	5.8	566,600
Jun-04	6.0	591,000
Sep-04	5.9	583,400
Dec-04	5.8	580,400
Mar-05	5.8	583,100
Jun-05	5.9	598,700
Sep-05	5.6	573,900
Dec-05	5.8	594,500
Mar-06	5.7	585,000
Jun-06	5.5	569,200
Sep-06	5.4	572,100
Dec-06	5.4	569,600
Mar-07	5.4	577,200
Jun-07	5.6	596,000
Sep-07	5.6	606,300
Dec-07	5.6	608,300
Mar-08	5.5	597,500
Jun-08	5.3	587,300
Sep-08	5.5	612,800
Dec-08	5.5	606,900
Mar-09	5.7	629,700
Jun-09	5.6	613,500
Sep-09	5.6	616,500
Dec-09	5.7	638,700
Mar-10	5.7	636,600
Jun-10	5.6	626,300
Sep-10	5.5	623,100
Dec-10	5.5	631,600
Mar-11	5.2	599,400
Jun-11	5.5	629,100
Sep-11	5.4	624,600
Dec-11	5.3	605,500
Mar-12	5.3	614,300
Jun-12	5.3	616,500
Sep-12	5.2	605,000
Dec-12	5.3	619,100
Mar-13	5.4	627,400
Jun-13	5.4	640,200
Sep-13	5.6	658,500
Dec-13	5.3	621,000
Mar-14	5.4	630,800
Jun-14	5.2	611,800
Sep-14	5.2	616,500
Dec-14	5.3	634,300
Mar-15	5.6	663,900
Jun-15	5.7	685,000
Sep-15	5.5	667,100
Dec-15	5.7	698,200
Mar-16	5.7	689,600
Jun-16	5.6	683,800
Sep-16	5.6	682,500
Dec-16	5.5	677,300
Mar-17	5.4	665,600
Jun-17	5.6	698,300
Sep-17	5.6	710,700
Dec-17	5.5	689,000
Mar-18	5.6	717,500
Jun-18	5.7	727,500
Sep-18	5.7	734,500
Dec-18	6.0	773,800
Mar-19	5.9	765,800
Jun-19	5.7	745,500
Sep-19	5.8	769,900
Dec-19	5.8	770,400
Mar-20	6.0	784,200
Jun-20	5.1	638,100
Sep-20	5.7	723,000
Dec-20	6.0	780,800
Mar-21	6.0	796,000
Jun-21	6.2	818,200
Sep-21	5.9	765,200
Dec-21	6.3	848,300
Mar-22	6.3	856,100
Jun-22	6.5	898,100
Sep-22	6.4	897,500
Dec-22	6.5	924,700
Mar-23	6.6	946,300
Jun-23	6.7	962,800
Sep-23	6.7	958,900
Dec-23	6.6	952,800
Mar-24	6.7	971,400
Jun-24	6.6	958,800
Sep-24	6.7	980,900
Dec-24	6.7	987,500
Mar-25	6.4	958,200
Jun-25	6.4	952,000
Sep-25	6.5	973,000

Multiple job-holding rate and levels

["Quarter","Multiple job-holding rate","Multiple job-holders"]

[["Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25","Jun-25","Sep-25"],[[5.6],[5.5],[5.8],[6],[5.9],[5.8],[5.8],[5.9],[5.6],[5.8],[5.7],[5.5],[5.4],[5.4],[5.4],[5.6],[5.6],[5.6],[5.5],[5.3],[5.5],[5.5],[5.7],[5.6],[5.6],[5.7],[5.7],[5.6],[5.5],[5.5],[5.2],[5.5],[5.4],[5.3],[5.3],[5.3],[5.2],[5.3],[5.4],[5.4],[5.6],[5.3],[5.4],[5.2],[5.2],[5.3],[5.6],[5.7],[5.5],[5.7],[5.7],[5.6],[5.6],[5.5],[5.4],[5.6],[5.6],[5.5],[5.6],[5.7],[5.7],[6],[5.9],[5.7],[5.8],[5.8],[6],[5.1],[5.7],[6],[6],[6.2],[5.9],[6.3],[6.3],[6.5],[6.4],[6.5],[6.6],[6.7],[6.7],[6.6],[6.7],[6.6],[6.7],[6.7],[6.4],[6.4],[6.5]],[[542100],[539100],[566600],[591000],[583400],[580400],[583100],[598700],[573900],[594500],[585000],[569200],[572100],[569600],[577200],[596000],[606300],[608300],[597500],[587300],[612800],[606900],[629700],[613500],[616500],[638700],[636600],[626300],[623100],[631600],[599400],[629100],[624600],[605500],[614300],[616500],[605000],[619100],[627400],[640200],[658500],[621000],[630800],[611800],[616500],[634300],[663900],[685000],[667100],[698200],[689600],[683800],[682500],[677300],[665600],[698300],[710700],[689000],[717500],[727500],[734500],[773800],[765800],[745500],[769900],[770400],[784200],[638100],[723000],[780800],[796000],[818200],[765200],[848300],[856100],[898100],[897500],[924700],[946300],[962800],[958900],[952800],[971400],[958800],[980900],[987500],[958200],[952000],[973000]]]

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Source: Labour Account Australia (seasonally adjusted)

Sex

In September 2025, the rate of multiple job-holding was higher for women (7.6% compared with 5.6% for men). Over the past five years, on average, the multiple job-holding rate amongst women has been around 1.9 percentage points higher than men.

Multiple job-holding rate and levels by sex
Quarter	Multiple job-holding rate - Males (%)	Multiple job-holding rate - Females (%)	Multiple job-holders - Males	Multiple job-holders - Females
Sep-20	5.0	6.5	327,000	384,300
Dec-20	5.1	7.1	347,700	435,700
Mar-21	5.2	7.0	352,100	431,400
Jun-21	5.3	6.9	367,500	427,300
Sep-21	5.0	6.9	334,600	419,000
Dec-21	5.2	7.7	364,500	486,800
Mar-22	5.4	7.2	377,500	462,900
Jun-22	5.6	7.3	395,300	473,100
Sep-22	5.7	7.3	405,700	473,400
Dec-22	5.8	7.6	423,700	502,400
Mar-23	5.7	7.6	416,300	508,300
Jun-23	5.7	7.6	417,900	509,200
Sep-23	5.6	7.9	408,700	531,200
Dec-23	6.0	7.5	443,300	514,000
Mar-24	6.0	7.3	450,200	499,800
Jun-24	5.7	7.2	426,300	495,200
Sep-24	5.8	7.7	437,200	528,600
Dec-24	6.0	7.6	460,700	533,100
Mar-25	5.3	7.6	404,200	531,000
Jun-25	5.1	7.5	387,300	525,700
Sep-25	5.6	7.6	428,200	530,500

Multiple job-holding rate and levels by sex

["Quarter","Multiple job-holding rate - Males","Multiple job-holding rate - Females","Multiple job-holders - Males","Multiple job-holders - Females"]

[["Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25","Jun-25","Sep-25"],[[5],[5.1],[5.2],[5.3],[5],[5.2],[5.4],[5.6],[5.7],[5.8],[5.7],[5.7],[5.6],[6],[6],[5.7],[5.8],[6],[5.3],[5.1],[5.6]],[[6.5],[7.1],[7],[6.9],[6.9],[7.7],[7.2],[7.3],[7.3],[7.6],[7.6],[7.6],[7.9],[7.5],[7.3],[7.2],[7.7],[7.6],[7.6],[7.5],[7.6]],[[327000],[347700],[352100],[367500],[334600],[364500],[377500],[395300],[405700],[423700],[416300],[417900],[408700],[443300],[450200],[426300],[437200],[460700],[404200],[387300],[428200]],[[384300],[435700],[431400],[427300],[419000],[486800],[462900],[473100],[473400],[502400],[508300],[509200],[531200],[514000],[499800],[495200],[528600],[533100],[531000],[525700],[530500]]]

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Note: The sum of males and females does not equal the headline estimates of multiple job-holders from the Labour Account as the number of male and female multiple job-holders is sourced directly from the Labour Force Survey. The Labour Account includes adjustments to account for populations which are out of scope for the Labour Force Survey, namely child workers, short-term non-residents and defence force personnel.

Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

Age

Employed people aged 20-24 were more likely to be multiple job-holders in September 2025. In contrast, 4.8% of employed people aged 65 years and over were multiple job-holders.

Multiple job-holding rate by age group
Quarter	15-19 years (%)	20-24 years (%)	25-34 years (%)	35-44 years (%)	45-54 years (%)	55-59 years (%)	60-64 years (%)	65 years and over (%)
Dec-24	8.3	9.0	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.2	5.7	5.1
Mar-25	8.7	9.3	6.3	6.3	6.1	5.1	4.5	5.3
Jun-25	6.9	7.0	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.1	5.0	5.0
Sep-25	6.5	8.2	6.5	7.3	6.3	5.6	5.1	4.8

Multiple job-holding rate by age group

["Quarter","15-19 years","20-24 years","25-34 years","35-44 years","45-54 years","55-59 years","60-64 years","65 years and over"]

[["Dec-24","Mar-25","Jun-25","Sep-25"],[[8.3],[8.7],[6.9],[6.5]],[[9],[9.3],[7],[8.2]],[[6.8],[6.3],[6.4],[6.5]],[[6.5],[6.3],[6.2],[7.3]],[[6.6],[6.1],[6.3],[6.3]],[[6.2],[5.1],[6.1],[5.6]],[[5.7],[4.5],[5],[5.1]],[[5.1],[5.3],[5],[4.8]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holding rate (%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Estimates for smaller age groups are generally based on smaller counts and are subject to higher degrees of sampling variability.

Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

Age distribution of multiple job-holders, and employed persons
Date	15-19 years (%)	20-24 years (%)	25-34 years (%)	35-44 years (%)	45-54 years (%)	55-59 years (%)	60-64 years (%)	65 years and over (%)
September 1996: Employed people	7.1	11.9	25.3	25.9	20.5	5.4	2.5	1.5
September 1996: Multiple job-holders	6.8	12.1	23.1	30.6	19.9	4.2	2.1	1.1

September 2025: Employed people	5.8	9.5	23.3	23.0	19.1	8.0	6.1	5.2
September 2025: Multiple job-holders	5.7	11.9	23.0	25.6	18.4	6.8	4.7	3.8

Age distribution of multiple job-holders, and employed persons

["Date","15-19 years","20-24 years","25-34 years","35-44 years","45-54 years","55-59 years","60-64 years","65 years and over"]

[["September 1996: Employed people","September 1996: Multiple job-holders","","September 2025: Employed people","September 2025: Multiple job-holders"],[[7.1],[6.8],[null],[5.8],[5.7]],[[11.9],[12.1],[null],[9.5],[11.9]],[[25.3],[23.1],[null],[23.3],[23]],[[25.9],[30.6],[null],[23],[25.6]],[[20.5],[19.9],[null],[19.1],[18.4]],[[5.4],[4.2],[null],[8],[6.8]],[[2.5],[2.1],[null],[6.1],[4.7]],[[1.5],[1.1],[null],[5.2],[3.8]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Estimates for smaller age groups are generally based on smaller counts and are subject to higher degrees of sampling variability.

Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

Industry

People working in the Administrative and support services industry in their main job had the highest multiple job-holding rate in September 2025 (8.9%). Multiple job-holding was least common among people whose main job was in Electricity, gas, water and waste services (3.2%).

It is important to note that some industries lend themselves to multiple job-holding. For example, some workers in Agriculture, forestry and fishing may work several seasonal jobs for different employers in addition to their main job; and some labour hire workers may work for a number of businesses in Administrative and support services.

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex, by industry
Industry	Multiple job-holding rate: Persons (%)	Males	Females	Persons
Administrative and support services	8.9	45,100	38,100	83,100
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	8.7	23,500	14,100	37,600
Arts and recreation services	8.5	10,200	13,700	23,800
Accommodation and food services	7.5	40,300	54,700	95,100
Health care and social assistance	7.5	40,600	144,300	184,900
Education and training	7.2	26,300	65,900	92,200
Retail trade	5.9	36,200	53,300	89,500
Rental, hiring and real estate services	5.5	7,800	8,300	16,100
Construction	5.4	57,300	13,600	70,900
Other services	5.3	12,200	17,500	29,700
Public administration and safety	5.3	22,500	23,800	46,200
Information media and telecommunications	5.1	6,000	4,300	10,300
Professional, scientific and technical services	4.9	31,000	32,600	63,600
Mining	4.8	8,100	2,600	10,700
Transport, postal and warehousing	4.7	23,000	10,500	33,500
Wholesale trade	4.1	13,900	9,600	23,500
Manufacturing	4.1	24,000	13,000	37,000
Financial and insurance services	3.9	9,600	11,000	20,600
Electricity, gas, water and waste services	3.2	3,300	1,500	4,800

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex, by industry

["Industry","Multiple job-holding rate: Persons","Males","Females","Persons"]

[["Administrative and support services","Agriculture, forestry and fishing","Arts and recreation services","Accommodation and food services","Health care and social assistance","Education and training","Retail trade","Rental, hiring and real estate services","Construction","Other services","Public administration and safety","Information media and telecommunications","Professional, scientific and technical services","Mining","Transport, postal and warehousing","Wholesale trade","Manufacturing","Financial and insurance services","Electricity, gas, water and waste services"],[[8.9],[8.7],[8.5],[7.5],[7.5],[7.2],[5.9],[5.5],[5.4],[5.3],[5.3],[5.1],[4.9],[4.8],[4.7],[4.1],[4.1],[3.9],[3.2]],[[45100],[23500],[10200],[40300],[40600],[26300],[36200],[7800],[57300],[12200],[22500],[6000],[31000],[8100],[23000],[13900],[24000],[9600],[3300]],[[38100],[14100],[13700],[54700],[144300],[65900],[53300],[8300],[13600],[17500],[23800],[4300],[32600],[2600],[10500],[9600],[13000],[11000],[1500]],[[83100],[37600],[23800],[95100],[184900],[92200],[89500],[16100],[70900],[29700],[46200],[10300],[63600],[10700],[33500],[23500],[37000],[20600],[4800]]]

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Note: Multiple job-holding rate and levels are taken from the Labour Account. The number of male and female multiple job-holders by industry are derived from Jobs in Australia, and applied to the Labour Account level estimate.

Source: Labour Account Australia (seasonally adjusted) and Jobs in Australia 2022-23 (original)

The following diagrams show Jobs in Australia data for the most common combinations of industries of male and female multiple job-holder's main and second concurrent job.

For example, most female multiple job-holders whose main job was in Health care and social assistance also had their second job in Health care and social assistance, but there were many women whose main job was in Health care and social assistance and their second job in either Administrative and support services, Education and training, Retail trade or Accommodation and food services.

The data can be found in Jobs in Australia Table 4.

Industry of main and second job of female multiple job-holders, 2022-23

Image

A sankey diagram showing the common industries where female multiple job-holders work for their main job and their second job

Description

A sankey diagram showing the top 15 industry combinations of main and second jobs where female multiple job-holders work. The industries shown are:

Q - Health care and social assistance - with most having their main and second job in Health care and social assistance, followed by their main job in Health care and social assistance and their second job in either Administrative and support services, Education and training, Accommodation and food services or Retail trade.

P - Education and training - with most having their main and second job in Education and training, followed by their main job in Education and training and their second job in Health care and social assistance.

N - Administrative and support services - with most having their main and second job in Administrative and support services, followed by Administrative and support services in their main job, and their second job in Health care and social assistance.

H - Accommodation and food services - with most having their main and second job in Accommodation and food services, and some having their main job in Accommodation and food services and their second job in Retail trade, and a small portion having their main job in Accommodation and food and their second job in Administrative and support services.

G - Retail trade - with around two-thirds whose main job is in Retail trade having their second job in Retail trade, followed by having their main job in Retail trade and their second job in Accommodation and food services.

M - Professional, scientific and technical services - with most having both their main and second job in this industry.

Industry of main and second job of male multiple job-holders, 2022-23

Image

A sankey diagram showing the common industries where male multiple job-holders work for their main job and their second job

Description

A sankey diagram showing the top 15 industry combinations of main and second jobs where male multiple job-holders work. The industries shown are:

H - Accommodation and food services - with most having their main and second job in Accommodation and food services, and a small portion having their main job in Accommodation and food services and their second job in Administrative and support services.

N - Administrative and support service - with most having their main and second job in Administrative and support services.

G - Retail trade - with around two-thirds whose main job is in Retail having their second job in Retail, followed by having their main job in Retail trade their second job in Health care and social assistance.

C - Manufacturing - with most having their main job in Manufacturing, and their second job in Administrative and support services.

Q - Health care and social assistance - with most having their main and second job in this industry.

E - Construction - with a quarter whose main job is in Construction having their second job in Construction, followed by having their main job in Construction and their second job in either Administrative and support services, Public administration and safety, or Financial and insurance services.

O - Public administration and safety - with most having both their main and second job in this industry.

P - Education and training - with most having both their main and second job in this industry.

J - Information media and telecommunications - with most having their main and second job in this industry.

M - Professional, scientific and technical services - with most having both their main and second job in this industry.

Occupation

In August 2025, 11.3% of all people who were a Community and personal service worker in their main job were multiple job-holders. Technicians and trade workers were least likely to be a multiple job-holder (4.1%).

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex by occupation, September 2025
Occupation major group	Multiple job-holding rate: Persons (%)	Males	Females	Persons
Community and personal service workers	11.3	64,800	130,200	195,000
Professionals	8.3	132,200	201,400	333,600
Clerical and administrative workers	5.9	30,000	78,400	108,300
Labourers	5.6	37,700	28,100	65,700
Sales workers	5.4	18,600	40,000	58,600
Managers	5.3	56,200	43,800	100,000
Machinery operators and drivers	4.4	32,400	5,800	38,200
Technicians and trades workers	4.1	55,700	25,800	81,600

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex by occupation, September 2025

["Occupation major group","Multiple job-holding rate: Persons","Males","Females","Persons"]

[["Community and personal service workers","Professionals","Clerical and administrative workers","Labourers","Sales workers","Managers","Machinery operators and drivers","Technicians and trades workers"],[[11.3],[8.3],[5.9],[5.6],[5.4],[5.3],[4.4],[4.1]],[[64800],[132200],[30000],[37700],[18600],[56200],[32400],[55700]],[[130200],[201400],[78400],[28100],[40000],[43800],[5800],[25800]],[[195000],[333600],[108300],[65700],[58600],[100000],[38200],[81600]]]

[]

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Note: The sum of occupations does not equal the headline estimate of multiple job-holders from the Labour Account as the number of multiple job-holders, by occupation is sourced directly from the Labour Force Survey. The Labour Account includes adjustments to account for populations which are out of scope for the Labour Force Survey, namely child workers, short-term non-residents and defence force personnel.

Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

Hours worked

In September 2025:

Multiple job-holders usually worked 30.5 hours, on average, in their main job, and 8.7 hours in their secondary job(s) - a total of 39.2 hours per week, on average
Single job-holders usually worked 34.8 hours per week, on average.

Average usual hours worked, September 2025
Sex	Average hours worked: Main job (hrs)	Average hours worked: Secondary jobs (hrs)
Male multiple job-holders	34.5	9.0
Female multiple job-holders	27.3	8.4
All multiple job-holders	30.5	8.7

Male single job-holders	37.9	0.0
Female single job-holders	31.3	0.0
All single job-holders	34.8	0.0

Average usual hours worked, September 2025

["Sex","Average hours worked: Main job","Average hours worked: Secondary jobs"]

[["Male multiple job-holders","Female multiple job-holders","All multiple job-holders","","Male single job-holders","Female single job-holders","All single job-holders"],[[34.5],[27.3],[30.5],[null],[37.9],[31.3],[34.8]],[[9],[8.4],[8.7],[null],[0],[0],[0]]]

[]

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Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Multiple job-holders were most likely to work part-time hours (less than 35 hours per week) in both their main and secondary job(s), followed by a combination of full-time and part-time hours. There were a small number of people who had two full-time jobs.

Multiple job-holders by actual full-time or part-time hours
Quarter	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs	Worked full-time hours in main and secondary jobs
Sep-03	271,000	193,500	6,300
Dec-03	266,500	198,600	4,400
Mar-04	282,500	200,000	4,500
Jun-04	293,800	207,400	3,900
Sep-04	276,400	202,700	6,100
Dec-04	271,400	214,800	3,900
Mar-05	294,300	197,900	4,500
Jun-05	289,800	209,200	8,000
Sep-05	278,400	211,200	3,200
Dec-05	293,500	210,300	6,500
Mar-06	267,900	219,100	4,100
Jun-06	294,500	166,700	5,000
Sep-06	287,000	198,500	3,400
Dec-06	277,900	199,200	4,900
Mar-07	283,600	190,200	3,900
Jun-07	297,800	192,900	3,400
Sep-07	303,000	209,500	3,600
Dec-07	285,300	211,600	5,200
Mar-08	293,200	202,700	3,800
Jun-08	312,000	174,700	3,400
Sep-08	291,700	232,300	6,000
Dec-08	290,200	223,000	6,600
Mar-09	313,300	205,300	6,500
Jun-09	313,400	183,600	3,200
Sep-09	304,000	207,700	4,800
Dec-09	311,500	224,500	9,300
Mar-10	312,500	206,500	7,700
Jun-10	303,500	216,300	4,100
Sep-10	305,800	221,900	4,800
Dec-10	313,600	227,700	5,000
Mar-11	298,600	206,500	5,500
Jun-11	317,000	203,900	6,100
Sep-11	314,400	217,500	5,000
Dec-11	292,600	207,900	6,300
Mar-12	306,000	189,600	5,400
Jun-12	317,000	165,700	7,100
Sep-12	299,300	204,600	4,900
Dec-12	282,000	221,200	7,500
Mar-13	321,600	183,200	4,100
Jun-13	328,500	183,700	4,100
Sep-13	328,400	215,300	4,700
Dec-13	293,500	204,400	4,400
Mar-14	309,100	198,200	4,300
Jun-14	289,600	190,200	2,000
Sep-14	326,100	206,200	3,300
Dec-14	327,200	211,700	2,900
Mar-15	352,100	206,300	7,000
Jun-15	374,700	196,900	6,000
Sep-15	357,600	227,200	2,600
Dec-15	350,600	246,800	4,100
Mar-16	357,500	220,500	4,600
Jun-16	350,000	228,100	4,300
Sep-16	355,800	236,000	7,800
Dec-16	346,700	231,400	7,200
Mar-17	346,700	208,300	7,900
Jun-17	360,700	219,500	3,100
Sep-17	358,900	237,300	6,500
Dec-17	357,300	234,500	8,100
Mar-18	385,400	217,300	5,300
Jun-18	365,300	221,100	5,800
Sep-18	397,500	227,300	4,700
Dec-18	412,200	249,800	7,300
Mar-19	418,900	225,200	8,000
Jun-19	413,400	200,000	1,800
Sep-19	400,700	246,900	3,700
Dec-19	388,400	258,100	7,300
Mar-20	423,300	230,500	4,100
Jun-20	326,400	173,200	4,500
Sep-20	373,500	215,900	3,900
Dec-20	369,400	285,300	8,200
Mar-21	411,700	247,600	5,200
Jun-21	391,000	252,000	2,900
Sep-21	360,100	247,100	4,400
Dec-21	439,400	278,900	5,000
Mar-22	408,200	271,100	6,900
Jun-22	427,400	277,400	5,700
Sep-22	445,900	270,300	4,300
Dec-22	443,000	296,500	5,600
Mar-23	451,900	312,700	4,500
Jun-23	461,800	281,800	11,200
Sep-23	463,900	298,700	10,700
Dec-23	452,500	320,400	9,400
Mar-24	462,700	293,100	6,800
Jun-24	442,300	291,800	5,600
Sep-24	481,100	308,200	11,700
Dec-24	483,100	332,000	8,000
Mar-25	489,100	282,300	6,800
Jun-25	482,200	259,700	4,900
Sep-25	450,900	328,400	8,700

Multiple job-holders by actual full-time or part-time hours

["Quarter","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs","Worked full-time hours in main and secondary jobs"]

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[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holders","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"500000","tick_interval":"100000","precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: The full-time / part-time hours categories are based on hours actually worked in the reference week, so exclude employed people who were away from work.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Multiple job-holders by sex, by actual full-time or part-time hours
Quarter	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females
Sep-03	129,100	64,400	86,100	184,900
Dec-03	123,700	74,900	87,600	178,900
Mar-04	128,100	71,900	92,700	189,800
Jun-04	140,200	67,100	99,000	194,800
Sep-04	136,200	66,500	91,100	185,200
Dec-04	143,700	71,000	79,500	191,900
Mar-05	127,500	70,400	92,600	201,700
Jun-05	141,500	67,700	94,400	195,500
Sep-05	136,700	74,400	88,400	190,000
Dec-05	134,900	75,400	86,200	207,300
Mar-06	143,100	75,900	86,400	181,500
Jun-06	103,800	62,900	103,900	190,600
Sep-06	124,700	73,800	92,500	194,500
Dec-06	125,300	73,900	84,800	193,100
Mar-07	125,400	64,800	88,200	195,400
Jun-07	127,000	65,900	101,600	196,200
Sep-07	137,300	72,100	102,700	200,300
Dec-07	133,400	78,300	93,300	192,000
Mar-08	131,700	70,900	95,500	197,700
Jun-08	119,000	55,700	102,100	209,900
Sep-08	147,100	85,200	83,200	208,500
Dec-08	142,600	80,400	85,000	205,300
Mar-09	133,900	71,400	94,800	218,600
Jun-09	111,900	71,700	106,700	206,700
Sep-09	129,000	78,700	100,100	203,800
Dec-09	138,200	86,300	105,400	206,100
Mar-10	133,200	73,400	97,400	215,100
Jun-10	138,500	77,800	92,000	211,500
Sep-10	142,200	79,700	85,100	220,700
Dec-10	148,100	79,600	98,800	214,800
Mar-11	133,700	72,800	96,100	202,500
Jun-11	138,900	65,000	101,200	215,800
Sep-11	135,600	81,800	90,300	224,100
Dec-11	131,800	76,100	84,700	207,900
Mar-12	113,200	76,300	101,400	204,600
Jun-12	107,600	58,100	112,100	204,800
Sep-12	129,500	75,200	95,200	204,100
Dec-12	148,100	73,100	86,900	195,000
Mar-13	116,600	66,700	101,300	220,300
Jun-13	124,600	59,100	101,700	226,700
Sep-13	137,900	77,400	111,800	216,600
Dec-13	128,600	75,900	95,200	198,300
Mar-14	133,200	65,000	104,000	205,000
Jun-14	126,300	63,900	97,000	192,600
Sep-14	130,300	75,900	96,200	230,000
Dec-14	143,100	68,600	94,400	232,800
Mar-15	134,400	71,800	116,900	235,200
Jun-15	125,000	71,900	121,000	253,700
Sep-15	136,100	91,000	114,600	243,000
Dec-15	154,100	92,700	107,900	242,700
Mar-16	129,800	90,600	122,800	234,700
Jun-16	143,500	84,500	120,400	229,600
Sep-16	153,800	82,200	112,500	243,300
Dec-16	140,800	90,600	112,200	234,600
Mar-17	125,900	82,400	111,400	235,300
Jun-17	140,100	79,400	117,600	243,100
Sep-17	147,000	90,300	112,800	246,200
Dec-17	150,200	84,300	111,700	245,600
Mar-18	133,600	83,700	127,900	257,500
Jun-18	140,000	81,200	125,100	240,200
Sep-18	144,200	83,100	121,300	276,200
Dec-18	149,100	100,700	127,100	285,100
Mar-19	134,800	90,400	146,000	272,900
Jun-19	128,800	71,200	138,400	275,000
Sep-19	155,600	91,300	124,500	276,300
Dec-19	164,200	94,000	118,200	270,200
Mar-20	147,600	82,900	146,900	276,400
Jun-20	105,300	67,900	123,900	202,600
Sep-20	133,700	82,200	127,600	245,900
Dec-20	172,800	112,400	117,000	252,400
Mar-21	152,500	95,000	138,700	273,000
Jun-21	168,200	83,800	128,200	262,800
Sep-21	156,900	90,100	107,500	252,700
Dec-21	157,400	121,500	144,400	295,000
Mar-22	169,100	102,000	134,000	274,100
Jun-22	170,400	107,000	143,800	283,600
Sep-22	161,900	108,400	162,500	283,400
Dec-22	170,300	126,200	158,000	285,000
Mar-23	183,000	129,800	156,900	294,900
Jun-23	165,100	116,700	166,400	295,400
Sep-23	180,800	117,900	140,700	323,200
Dec-23	198,300	122,100	153,400	299,200
Mar-24	184,700	108,400	161,300	301,400
Jun-24	182,900	108,900	154,700	287,600
Sep-24	192,000	116,200	157,400	323,700
Dec-24	195,500	136,500	170,800	312,300
Mar-25	154,700	127,600	164,000	325,200
Jun-25	153,800	105,900	153,400	328,800
Sep-25	189,600	138,800	149,900	301,000

Multiple job-holders by sex, by actual full-time or part-time hours

["Quarter","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females"]

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[]

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Note: The full-time / part-time hours categories are based on hours actually worked in the reference week, so exclude employed people who were away from work. The small number of people working two full-time jobs have been excluded from this graph.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Geography

In September 2025, the multiple job-holding rate was higher in regional areas (7.0%) compared to capital cities (6.4%).

From December 2021 to December 2022, growth in multiple job-holding rates in capital cities led to a narrowing of the difference between rates in capital cities and the rest of Australia.

More recently, the rates of multiple job-holding in both capital cities and the rest of Australia have shown similar movements.

Multiple job-holding rate
Quarter	Rest of Australia (%)	Capital Cities (%)
Sep-03	6.8	5.1
Dec-03	6.4	5.1
Mar-04	7.2	5.1
Jun-04	7.3	5.5
Sep-04	6.7	5.6
Dec-04	6.3	5.5
Mar-05	6.4	5.4
Jun-05	6.9	5.4
Sep-05	6.4	5.3
Dec-05	6.7	5.3
Mar-06	6.9	5.1
Jun-06	6.3	5.0
Sep-06	6.6	4.9
Dec-06	6.1	5.0
Mar-07	6.8	4.8
Jun-07	6.8	4.9
Sep-07	6.9	5.1
Dec-07	6.6	5.1
Mar-08	6.6	4.9
Jun-08	5.8	5.0
Sep-08	6.6	5.1
Dec-08	6.8	4.8
Mar-09	7.1	5.0
Jun-09	7.1	4.7
Sep-09	7.0	5.0
Dec-09	6.7	5.2
Mar-10	6.9	5.1
Jun-10	7.0	4.8
Sep-10	6.8	5.0
Dec-10	6.4	5.1
Mar-11	6.1	4.8
Jun-11	6.4	5.0
Sep-11	6.4	5.1
Dec-11	6.1	4.8
Mar-12	5.6	5.1
Jun-12	6.1	4.9
Sep-12	6.2	4.8
Dec-12	6.1	4.8
Mar-13	6.3	4.9
Jun-13	6.3	5.0
Sep-13	6.5	5.3
Dec-13	5.7	5.1
Mar-14	6.1	5.0
Jun-14	6.2	4.6
Sep-14	6.1	4.9
Dec-14	6.2	4.9
Mar-15	6.4	5.1
Jun-15	6.8	5.1
Sep-15	6.8	5.1
Dec-15	6.6	5.3
Mar-16	6.4	5.3
Jun-16	6.6	5.1
Sep-16	6.5	5.3
Dec-16	6.7	5.0
Mar-17	6.1	5.1
Jun-17	6.3	5.2
Sep-17	6.5	5.3
Dec-17	6.0	5.2
Mar-18	6.4	5.3
Jun-18	6.4	5.2
Sep-18	6.1	5.6
Dec-18	6.7	5.7
Mar-19	6.8	5.5
Jun-19	6.3	5.3
Sep-19	6.6	5.5
Dec-19	6.6	5.6
Mar-20	6.7	5.6
Jun-20	6.3	4.5
Sep-20	6.8	5.2
Dec-20	6.7	5.8
Mar-21	6.9	5.7
Jun-21	6.7	5.8
Sep-21	6.7	5.5
Dec-21	6.9	6.1
Mar-22	6.7	6.1
Jun-22	6.7	6.2
Sep-22	6.7	6.3
Dec-22	6.8	6.6
Mar-23	7.3	6.3
Jun-23	7.0	6.4
Sep-23	7.3	6.4
Dec-23	7.4	6.4
Mar-24	7.6	6.2
Jun-24	7.2	6.1
Sep-24	7.6	6.3
Dec-24	7.1	6.6
Mar-25	6.7	6.3
Jun-25	6.4	6.2
Sep-25	7.0	6.4

Multiple job-holding rate

["Quarter","Rest of Australia","Capital Cities"]

[["Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25","Jun-25","Sep-25"],[[6.8],[6.4],[7.2],[7.3],[6.7],[6.3],[6.4],[6.9],[6.4],[6.7],[6.9],[6.3],[6.6],[6.1],[6.8],[6.8],[6.9],[6.6],[6.6],[5.8],[6.6],[6.8],[7.1],[7.1],[7],[6.7],[6.9],[7],[6.8],[6.4],[6.1],[6.4],[6.4],[6.1],[5.6],[6.1],[6.2],[6.1],[6.3],[6.3],[6.5],[5.7],[6.1],[6.2],[6.1],[6.2],[6.4],[6.8],[6.8],[6.6],[6.4],[6.6],[6.5],[6.7],[6.1],[6.3],[6.5],[6],[6.4],[6.4],[6.1],[6.7],[6.8],[6.3],[6.6],[6.6],[6.7],[6.3],[6.8],[6.7],[6.9],[6.7],[6.7],[6.9],[6.7],[6.7],[6.7],[6.8],[7.3],[7],[7.3],[7.4],[7.6],[7.2],[7.6],[7.1],[6.7],[6.4],[7]],[[5.1],[5.1],[5.1],[5.5],[5.6],[5.5],[5.4],[5.4],[5.3],[5.3],[5.1],[5],[4.9],[5],[4.8],[4.9],[5.1],[5.1],[4.9],[5],[5.1],[4.8],[5],[4.7],[5],[5.2],[5.1],[4.8],[5],[5.1],[4.8],[5],[5.1],[4.8],[5.1],[4.9],[4.8],[4.8],[4.9],[5],[5.3],[5.1],[5],[4.6],[4.9],[4.9],[5.1],[5.1],[5.1],[5.3],[5.3],[5.1],[5.3],[5],[5.1],[5.2],[5.3],[5.2],[5.3],[5.2],[5.6],[5.7],[5.5],[5.3],[5.5],[5.6],[5.6],[4.5],[5.2],[5.8],[5.7],[5.8],[5.5],[6.1],[6.1],[6.2],[6.3],[6.6],[6.3],[6.4],[6.4],[6.4],[6.2],[6.1],[6.3],[6.6],[6.3],[6.2],[6.4]]]

[]

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Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

In September 2025, the multiple job-holding rate was highest in:

Capital city: Greater Hobart (9.1%)
Rest of state or territory: Western Australia (8.7%).

Multiple job-holding rates by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, September 2025

A map showing the multiple job-holding rate in each capital city, and the balance of each state and territory. The data are available in the Table view.

Source: Labour Force, Australia (original)

Data downloads

Table 1: Multiple job-holders rates and levels

Rates and levels of multiple job-holders time series. Sourced from the Labour Accounts.

Data files

Download xlsx [31.12 KB]

Table 2: Multiple job-holders by age and sex

Time series of multiple job-holders by age and sex. Sourced from the Labour Force Survey

Data files

Download xlsx [223 KB]

Table 3: Multiple job-holders income, by age, by sex and number of concurrent jobs

Median employment income of multiple job holders. Sourced from Jobs in Australia

Data files

Download xlsx [63.02 KB]

Table 4: Multiple job-holders by industry, by sex, by median income

Multiple job-holders rates and levels by industry, by sex and by median income. Levels from the Labour Accounts are proportioned using Jobs in Australia sex data of industries. Median income data by industry sourced from Jobs in Australia

Data files

Download xlsx [168.58 KB]

Table 5: Multiple job-holders by selected characteristics

Multiple job-holders and employed persons by occupation, average usual hours worked, by State, by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, and by educational qualifications. Sourced from the Labour Force Survey.

Data files

Download xlsx [332.86 KB]

All data downloads

Data files

Download zip [739.88 KB]

Methodology

Multiple job-holders methodology, September 2025

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APA

Citation

Multiple job-holders

APA

Citation

Key statistics

Sources of multiple job-holder data

Data impacts and changes

Revisions this quarter

Updates to Multiple job-holders estimates

Multiple job-holding over time

Sex

Age

Industry

Industry of main and second job of female multiple job-holders, 2022-23

Industry of main and second job of male multiple job-holders, 2022-23

Occupation

Hours worked

Geography

Multiple job-holding rates by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, September 2025

Data downloads

Table 1: Multiple job-holders rates and levels

Table 2: Multiple job-holders by age and sex

Table 3: Multiple job-holders income, by age, by sex and number of concurrent jobs

Table 4: Multiple job-holders by industry, by sex, by median income

Table 5: Multiple job-holders by selected characteristics

All data downloads

Methodology

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