New monetary use estimates
Monetary use of main energy products by industry have been re-introduced with this release. Monetary use estimates are presented in nominal values, with data for main products available back to 2010-11.
Energy Account, Australia
Latest release
Estimates of physical energy supply and use by industry and households, and monetary value of energy products used by industry
Reference period
2023-24 financial year
Released
20/11/2025
Release date and time
20/11/2025 11:30am AEDT
Key statistics
Australia’s net physical energy use increased by 1.6% in 2023-24 to 23,693 petajoules (PJ).
- Energy exports increased by 3.1% to 17,927 PJ
- Industry energy (net) use decreased by 0.1% to 4,711 PJ
- Household energy use decreased by 3.4% to 980 PJ
- Renewable energy extraction (hydro, solar, and wind energy) increased by 4.9% to 341 PJ.
The monetary value of the main energy products used by industry (which includes purchased energy products and energy produced for own use) decreased by 0.5% in 2023-24 to $158.9b. This followed significant increases in 2021-22 (27%) and 2022-23 (18%).
Physical energy net supply
Australia's energy was supplied from:
- Domestic production, i.e. commodities extracted from the environment (21,376 PJ)
- Imported products (2,317 PJ).
The main sources of domestic energy production from natural sources were:
- Black coal (11,092 PJ of which 89% was exported)
- Natural gas (5,724 PJ of which 78% was exported as LNG)
- Uranium (2,725 PJ of which 99% was exported)
- Crude oil, condensates and other petroleum products (750 PJ of which 79% was exported)
- Brown coal (409 PJ of which 100% was used for domestic production of electricity).
Renewable energy supply
The production of renewable electricity continued to increase (up 4.9% to 341 PJ) due to strong growth in solar energy production. There was a small decrease in wind energy output, the first reported since the start of this series. Hydro fell for a second consecutive year.
Renewable energy sources supplied 34% of domestic electricity use (up from 33% in the previous year) and the main sources in 2023-24 were:
- Solar energy up 16% to 175 PJ
- Wind energy down 1.8% to 112 PJ
- Hydro energy down 10% to 54 PJ.
Physical energy net use
Energy net use by industry was down 0.1% to 4,711 PJ and energy net use (end use) by households was down 3.4% to 980 PJ.
- Transport, postal and warehousing energy net use up 10.6% to 628 PJ
- Commercial and services energy net use up 3.2% to 577 PJ
- Mining energy net use up 1.7% to 874 PJ.
This was offset by:
- Manufacturing energy net use down 6.1% to 1,050 PJ
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing energy net use down 7.7% to 179 PJ
- Construction energy net use down 9.4% to 163 PJ.
Monetary use of energy products by industry
Reintroduction of monetary estimates
Monetary use estimates have been re-introduced as part of the 2023-24 Energy Account, Australia. Data have been produced for the timeseries back to 2010-11.
These estimates are broadly comparable with data supplied in the ABS national accounts supply use tables, although differences may exist where product and industry classifications are not the same.
Valuing energy products used by industry
The value of products used by industry is defined as the total quantity of products used (which includes purchased energy plus energy produced for own use) multiplied by the average cost of that product to industry i.e. purchase price (excluding GST). Products produced for own use e.g. own account production, are valued using the average cost reported by businesses purchasing those products. Average unit values will reflect both price change and changes in the product mix.
Monetary value of energy products used
The monetary value of the main energy products used by industry fell by 0.5% in 2023-24 to $158.9b. This followed substantial increases in the previous two years.
- The value of diesel and fuel oil used by industry decreased by 4.7% to $49.0b
- The value of natural gas used by industry decreased by 2.0% to $42.5b
- The value of electricity used by industry increased by 3.9% to $32.9b.
Note: Average prices can be calculated from the physical and monetary energy data. Users should be aware that average unit prices may not provide accurate estimates of price change, as an average unit value will reflect both price change and changes in the product mix. ABS produce a range of consumer and producer price indexes that measure price change over time. These can be sourced in:
Industry energy intensity
Energy intensity is the ratio of energy consumed (GJ) per unit of economic output (GVA). This ratio has decreased from an average of 1,908 GJ/GVA ($m) in 2022-23 to 1,876 GJ/GVA ($m) in 2023-24.
Energy intensity of selected industries:
- Electricity, gas, water and waste services down 1.9% to 21,291 GJ/GVA ($m)
- Manufacturing down 5.9% to 7,287 GJ/GVA ($m)
- Transport, postal and warehousing up 6.6% to 5,332 GJ/GVA ($m)
- Mining up 1.5% to 2,986 GJ/GVA ($m).
Energy stocks
The total stocks of economically demonstrated energy resources fell by 2.4% in 2024-25.
- Black coal stocks down 4.2% to 1,841,400 PJ
- Uranium stocks up 0.5% to 706,664 PJ
- Brown coal stocks remained unchanged at 725,200 PJ
- Natural gas stocks down 4.4% to 153,336 PJ.
Defining economically demonstrated energy resources
Economically demonstrated energy resources consist of known deposits of coal, oil, gas or other fuels and metallic ores, and non-metallic minerals, etc., that are economically exploitable given current technology and relative commodity prices.
Changes in this issue
This publication includes new information on the monetary value of energy products used by industry, and this is included in the data downloads in table 5. An expanded range of physical use information is included in the data downloads in table 4, to correspond with the new monetary use estimates.
Users should also note that the data in this release may vary from earlier data published due to the use of new or revised data. Affected estimates include but may not be limited to black coal; petrol; diesel; natural gas; crude oil, condensates and other petroleum products.
Calculation of total net and total gross estimates have been redefined at industry level and total economy level, respectively, and information relating to these changes is included in the methodology section.
Data downloads
Energy Account, Australia, 2023-24
Data files
Table 1. Australian energy indicators
Table 2. Australian energy stocks
Table 3. Australian physical supply and use of energy
Table 4. Australian physical total use of selected energy products by industry
Table 5. Australian monetary total use of selected energy products by industry
Methodology
Scope
The Energy Account, Australia (EAA) includes:
- The supply and use of energy, including imports and exports, within the Australian economy.
- Energy assets
- Data compiled in physical terms for supply and use (PJ) and monetary terms for use ($).
Geography
Data available for:
- Australia only
Source
Information relating to supply and use of energy and energy products are sourced from a range of administrative and survey sources.
Collection method
The energy account is produced by balancing the supply and use of energy and energy products in the economy.
Concepts, sources and methods
The EAA is intended to show how energy products are supplied and used within the economy (i.e. how they are produced, imported, exported and used domestically) using the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) as its conceptual basis.
History of changes
These accounts include the first set of monetary estimates produced since the release of the 2021-22 accounts. Some physical data has been revised due to the availability of new or revised data or further process improvements.