Data
Definition
Data are measurements or observations that are collected as a source of information. There are a variety of different types of data, and different ways to represent data.
The number of people in Australia, the countries where people were born, number of calls received by the emergency services each day, the value of sales of a particular product, or the number of times Australia has won a cricket match, are all examples of data.
Data unit
A data unit is one entity (such as a person or business) in the population being studied, about which data are collected. A data unit is also referred to as a unit record or record.
Data item
A data item is a characteristic (or attribute) of a data unit which is measured or counted, such as height, country of birth, or income. A data item is also referred to as a variable because the characteristic may vary between data units and may vary over time.
Observation
An observation is an occurrence of a specific data item that is recorded about a data unit. It may also be referred to as datum, which is the singular form of data. An observation may be numeric or non-numeric (categorical). For example, 173 is a numeric observation of the data item 'height (cm)', whereas 'Australia' is a non-numeric (categorical) observation of the data item 'country of birth'.
Dataset
A dataset is a complete collection of all observations.
Example of a dataset
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