The data presented in this release are annual, for years ending 30 June unless otherwise noted. For the latest quarterly migration estimates, see the ABS publication National, state and territory population. For Australia's regional overseas migration estimates, see the ABS publication Regional population.
Overseas Migration
Latest release
Statistics on Australia's international migration, by state and territory, country of birth, visa, age and sex.
Reference period
2022-23 financial year
Released
15/12/2023
Key statistics
- Overseas migration 2022-23 – net annual gain of 518,000 people
- Migrant arrivals increased 73% to 737,000 from 427,000 arrivals a year ago
- Largest group of migrant arrivals was temporary visa holders with 554,000 people
- Migrant departures decreased 2% to 219,000 from 223,000 departures a year ago.
Most data in this release are rounded to the nearest 10. As a result, sums of components may not add to totals.
COVID-19 travel restrictions
The Australian Government imposed travel restrictions on those travelling to or from Australia in March 2020, which were gradually lifted from 1 November 2021. Australian borders were reopened to most travellers from 21 February 2022.
Net overseas migration
Net overseas migration is the net gain or loss of population through international migration to and from Australia.
In the year ending 30 June 2023, overseas migration contributed a net gain of 518,000 people to Australia's population. This was the largest net overseas migration estimate since records began.
Historically, more people migrate to Australia than migrate away each year, meaning overseas migration has been a significant source of population gain for Australia rather than loss. Although overseas migration was a record high in 2022-23, the cycle of migration has not returned to the pattern seen prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Many potential migrants didn't come to Australia in 2020 and 2021 because of border closures and other pandemic impacts. During this time temporary visa holders recorded the largest declines in arrivals. In 2022-23 the number of migrants arriving on temporary visas has gone up but the number departing has reduced slightly.
a. Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
b. Net overseas migration is calculated by the number of migrant arrivals minus the number of migrant departures.
Migrant arrivals
In 2022-23, the number of migrant arrivals increased to 737,000, up from 427,000 the year before. This equates to an annual increase of 73 per cent. In 2020-21, there was an annual decrease of 71 per cent, due to the travel restrictions during the pandemic. With the travel restrictions now lifted, the number of migrant arrivals has surpassed annual numbers recorded pre-pandemic.
In the five years prior to the pandemic, the average number of migrant arrivals was 515,000 per year with the majority arriving on temporary visas (307,000). For those who arrived with a permanent visa, the average was 92,000. For Australian and New Zealand citizens arriving it was 77,000 and 32,000 respectively.
In 2022-23, those on temporary visas (554,000) recorded higher volumes than pre-pandemic levels. Permanent visa holder arrivals (80,000) and Australian citizen arrivals (59,000) however, recorded lower levels. New Zealand citizens (41,000) recorded higher volumes than the pre-pandemic five-year average.
Temporary visa holders were the largest contributors to arrivals in 2022-23. Of the temporary visa holders, the largest group was international students (283,000). Other temporary visa holders include working holiday makers (70,000) and temporary skilled (49,000).
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- The visa at time of traveller's overseas migration arrival date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore.
- Visa subclass 444 is granted to New Zealand citizens upon arrival in Australia if they have not already been granted another visa.
Migrant departures
In 2022-23, the number of migrant departures decreased to 219,000, down from 223,000 the year before. This is a decrease of 2 per cent on the previous year. It was also the lowest since 2006-07. Although travel restrictions have been lifted, the number of migrant departures has remained lower than the pre-pandemic level.
In the five years prior to the pandemic, the average number of migrant departures was 288,000 per year with the largest group of departures being those on temporary visas (140,000). For Australian citizens departing, the average was 93,000, followed by New Zealand citizens (25,000) and permanent visa holders (21,000).
In 2022-23, the number of temporary visa holders departing was 76,000 which was much lower than the pre-pandemic level. The numbers of Australian citizen departures (94,000) and permanent visa departures (22,000) were both similar to the pre-pandemic five-year average. However, migrant departures for New Zealand citizens (17,000) were lower than the five-year pre-pandemic average.
Due to the impact of COVID-19 travel restrictions, there were very low numbers of temporary migrants arriving in Australia during the pandemic. For those who have arrived since the restrictions were lifted, many have not yet been here long enough to conclude their stay and return home.
Prior to the pandemic there was a constant flow of temporary migrants arriving and departing. This cycle is not yet back to a regular pattern and low departures have had an upward impact on net overseas migration in 2022-23.
Many of those now arriving on temporary visas however, such as international students, will start to leave as their studies finish over the coming years, which will have a downward impact on net overseas migration in the future.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- The visa at time of traveller's overseas migration departure date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore.
- Visa subclass 444 is granted to New Zealand citizens upon arrival in Australia if they have not already been granted another visa.
Country of birth
Net overseas migration
Positive contributions to Australia's population from overseas migration were recorded for a majority of countries of birth in 2022-23. These increases are indicative of a return to trends similar to those prior to the pandemic.
- Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
In 2022-23, the top five countries of birth contributing to net overseas migration were India, China, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and Australia. Analysis over the previous decade shows steady increases for migrants born in India and China prior to the pandemic. However, for the Chinese-born, a decline started from late 2017, well before the COVID-19 pandemic began.
With travel restrictions eased, in 2022-23, net gains from India, China, the Philippines and the United Kingdom increased to estimates higher than pre-pandemic levels.
In 2022-23, there was a net loss of Australian-born from the population of 32,000. This is in line with the historical trend observed before the pandemic of a net loss each year. During 2020-21, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated travel restrictions caused this long-term pattern to be reversed with a net gain of 7,500 Australian-born residents added to the population.
Arrivals
In 2022-23 the top five countries of birth for migrant arrivals were India, China, the Philippines, Australia and the United Kingdom. The number of migrant arrivals increased for all these countries except for Australia. Arrivals from India, China and the Philippines were higher than pre-pandemic levels.
Analysis of these five countries of birth over the years prior to the pandemic, shows that migrant arrivals had:
- increased for Indian-born – driven by international students (mainly for the higher education sector)
- increased for Chinese-born (also driven by international students) until experiencing a decrease in 2018, prior to the effects of the pandemic
- been steady for people born in the Philippines until experiencing an increase prior to the effects of the pandemic
- been steady for Australian-born with around 50,000 arrivals returning to Australia each year
- decreased for UK-born – due to declines in working holiday makers, those on temporary skilled visas and permanent visa holders.
- Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the number of migrant arrivals in year ending June 2023.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
The graph above also indicates changes in travel behaviour of those who had arrived prior to the pandemic but were impacted by it and the associated international travel restrictions.
For example, Australian-born migrant arrivals increased from September 2019 to March 2020. This was largely due to some Australian expatriates having changed their travel plans after arriving prior to COVID-19 occurring and then remaining, despite originally having planned a short trip. Because of this, some who were planning short visits actually stayed longer and became overseas migrant arrivals.
This behaviour was also observed for other nationalities such as those from China and India. Some in the older age groups arrived on visitor visas but ended up staying long enough to be counted as a migrant arrivals.
Departures
In 2022-23, the top five countries of birth for migrant departures were Australia, China, India, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. The number of migrant departures increased in 2022-23 for those born in Australia and New Zealand when compared with 2021-22, whereas the number of migrant departures for those born in China, India and the United Kingdom decreased.
Australian-born recorded the largest annual increase in departures, up more than 15,000 to 65,300, which is close to pre-pandemic levels. Departures for those born in China, India, the United Kingdom and New Zealand were lower than pre-pandemic levels.
Analysis of migrant departures for these five countries of birth in the years prior to the pandemic shows that:
- those born in Australia were the largest group departing each financial year
- departures of Chinese-born increased due to international students departing. However due to COVID-19, many were recorded as migrant departures in 2019-20 when they had left Australia prior to the pandemic to visit their home country but were unable to return to Australia to continue their studies
- Indian-born migrant departures remained stable, even though there were increases in international student arrivals during this period. Like China, in 2019-20 some were recorded as migrant departures after being unable to return to Australia due to the pandemic
- UK-born migrant departures comprised mostly of Australian Citizens born in the UK, working holiday makers, temporary skilled and permanent visa holders
- the number of departures of those born in NZ increased at the start of the decade, reaching a peak of 23,000 (year ending March 2016), before gradually declining for the remainder of the decade.
- Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the number of migrant departures in year ending June 2023.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
World regions
The mix of countries where Australia's migrant arrivals are born has changed considerably over time. In 2022-23, the largest region which contributed the most arrivals was Southern and Central Asia with 28%.
A decade ago, in 2012-13, the largest group (20%) was from North-East Asia. In 2018-19, the year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this had changed with the largest group (28%) of immigrants coming from Southern and Central Asia. This is a pattern which has continued post-pandemic. During the pandemic, in 2020-21, the largest group of migrant arrivals was from Oceania (20%).
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Based on the Standard Australian Classification of Countries. See classifications on the methodology page.
Visa
Arrivals
Migrant arrivals increased overall by 73 per cent in 2022-23. However, the year-on-year increases varied among the different visa groups. Migrant arrivals for:
- temporary visa holders were higher than the pre-pandemic levels for all temporary groups and overall were up 108 per cent on the previous year
- permanent visa holders increased by 12 per cent
- international students saw an increase of 100 per cent
- working holiday makers increased by 240 per cent.
| 2018-19 | 2021-22 | 2022-23 | 2021-22 to 2022-23 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-COVID | annual change | ||||
| Visa groupings(b) | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | |
| Permanent visas | |||||
| Family | 24.3 | 25.9 | 21.1 | -4.8 | |
| Skilled (permanent) | 38.2 | 28.1 | 35.0 | 6.9 | |
| Special eligibility & humanitarian | 15.3 | 7.8 | 12.7 | 4.9 | |
| Other (permanent) | 7.5 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 1.5 | |
| Total permanent visas | 85.4 | 71.1 | 79.7 | 8.6 | |
| Temporary visas | |||||
| Student - vocational education and training | 22.6 | 21.5 | 36.6 | 15.1 | |
| Student - higher education | 111.3 | 98.4 | 183.1 | 84.6 | |
| Student - other | 30.4 | 21.5 | 62.9 | 41.4 | |
| Skilled (temporary) | 32.6 | 24.4 | 48.7 | 24.3 | |
| Working holiday | 49.1 | 20.5 | 69.6 | 49.1 | |
| Visitors | 91.2 | 47.4 | 105.8 | 58.4 | |
| Other (temporary) | 13.4 | 32.5 | 46.9 | 14.4 | |
| Total temporary visas | 350.7 | 266.2 | 553.5 | 287.3 | |
| New Zealand citizens (subclass 444)(c) | 30.5 | 24.1 | 41.3 | 17.2 | |
| Australian citizens (no visa required) | 78.9 | 62.5 | 59.4 | -3.1 | |
| Total(d) | 550.4 | 426.7 | 737.2 | 310.4 | |
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- The visa at time of traveller's overseas migration arrival date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore.
- Visa subclass 444 is granted to New Zealand citizens upon arrival in Australia if they have not already been granted another visa.
- Includes unknown visas.
Departures
Migrant departures fell overall by 2 per cent in 2022-23, however the year-on-year changes varied among the different visa groups. Migrant departures for:
- permanent visa holders decreased by 7 per cent from the previous year
- temporary visa holders decreased by 23 per cent
- working holiday makers decreased by 34 per cent
- international students decreased by 45 per cent.
| 2018-19 | 2021-22 | 2022-23 | 2021-22 to 2022-23 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-COVID | annual change | ||||
| Visa groupings(b) | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | |
| Permanent visas | |||||
| Family | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.1 | -0.3 | |
| Skilled (permanent) | 7.5 | 6.9 | 5.2 | -1.7 | |
| Special eligibility & humanitarian | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | |
| Other (permanent) | 8.1 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 0.4 | |
| Total permanent visas | 21.5 | 23.7 | 22.1 | -1.6 | |
| Temporary visas | |||||
| Student - vocational education and training | 17.0 | 7.0 | 4.5 | -2.5 | |
| Student - higher education | 40.9 | 15.5 | 7.4 | -8.1 | |
| Student - other | 9.5 | 4.3 | 2.9 | -1.4 | |
| Skilled (temporary) | 15.7 | 8.7 | 5.6 | -3.1 | |
| Working holiday | 25.1 | 4.6 | 3.0 | -1.6 | |
| Visitors | 27.3 | 17.1 | 19.1 | 2.0 | |
| Other (temporary) | 33.0 | 42.2 | 33.8 | -8.3 | |
| Total temporary visas | 168.5 | 99.5 | 76.4 | -23.1 | |
| New Zealand citizens (subclass 444)(c) | 22.4 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 1.9 | |
| Australian citizens (no visa required) | 85.9 | 77.7 | 94.4 | 16.8 | |
| Total(d) | 309.1 | 223.1 | 219.1 | -4.1 | |
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- The visa at time of traveller's overseas migration departure date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore.
- Visa subclass 444 is granted to New Zealand citizens upon arrival in Australia if they have not already been granted another visa.
- Includes unknown visas.
Age and sex
Arrivals
In 2022-23, the median age of migrant arrivals was 27 and the modal age was 25. Of the 25-year-old arrivals, 51 per cent were international students and 24 per cent were working holiday makers.
Prior to the pandemic in 2018-19, the median age of migrant arrivals was 26 and the modal age was 23.
There were more male than female migrant arrivals in 2022-23, which was recorded as a sex ratio of 104. This was higher than the sex ratio in 2018-19 (pre-pandemic), which was 102.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
Departures
In 2022-23, the median age of migrant departures was 33 and the modal age was 27. Of the 27-year-old departures, 40 percent were Australian citizens and 11 per cent were international students.
Prior to the pandemic in 2018-19, the median age was 28 and the modal age was 25.
There were more male than female migrant departures in 2022-23, which was recorded as a sex ratio of 107. This was lower than the sex ratio in 2018-19 (pre-pandemic) which was 109.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
State and territory
Net overseas migration
In 2022-23, overseas migration contributed a net gain of 518,000 people to the Australian population.
Individually, every state and territory recorded a net gain to their respective populations:
- NSW – a net gain of 174,200 people
- Vic. – gain of 154,260
- Qld – gain of 83,990
- SA – gain of 27,860
- WA – gain of 61,590
- Tas. – gain of 4,030
- NT – gain of 3,330
- ACT – gain of 8,790.
During the pandemic, overseas migration contributed a net loss to the population of each state and territory. In contrast, in the five years prior to the pandemic, a net gain was recorded in each state and territory.
- Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Based on the states with the largest volume of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023.
- Estimates from September quarter 2022 onwards are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Based on the states and territories with the smallest volume of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023.
Country of birth
Historically, overseas migration has contributed a net gain to Australia's population, with migrants coming from many countries across the globe.
The top countries of birth contributing to changes in population vary for different states and territories. In 2022-23, the top country of birth contributing the largest net gain to each population was:
- India for NSW, Vic., Qld, SA and Tas.,
- Bhutan for WA,
- The Philippines for NT,
- China for ACT.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in New South Wales.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in Victoria.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in Queensland.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in South Australia.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in Western Australia.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in Tasmania.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in the Northern Territory.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
- Top 5 countries of birth by the sum of migrant arrivals and migrant departures in year ending June 2023 in the Australian Capital Territory.
- Excludes SARs and Taiwan.
Age
In 2022-23, the median age of:
- migrant arrivals varied from 26 to 28 years of age across the states and territories
- migrant departures varied from 30 to 33 years of age.
In 2018-19, prior to the pandemic the median age of:
- migrant arrivals varied from 26 to 28 years of age across the states and territories, this was the same as 2022-23
- migrant departures varied from 27 to 30 years of age, this was lower than in 2022-23.
| NSW | Vic. | Qld | SA | WA | Tas. | NT | ACT | Aust.(b) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23(c) | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 26.3 | 26.3 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 27.7 | 28.1 | 27.6 | 25.6 | 26.6 | |
| Departures | 33.0 | 32.6 | 31.7 | 32.6 | 33.3 | 32.4 | 29.8 | 32.4 | 32.6 | |
| 2021-22 | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 26.6 | 26.6 | 27.8 | 26.6 | 28.7 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 27.5 | 27.0 | |
| Departures | 32.1 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 32.9 | 33.7 | 32.7 | 31.6 | 32.6 | 32.0 | |
| 2018-19 (pre-COVID) | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 26.5 | 25.9 | 26.7 | 26.2 | 27.6 | 26.9 | 27.6 | 26.5 | 26.4 | |
| Departures | 28.6 | 28.0 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 29.7 | 28.8 | 29.8 | 27.3 | 28.5 | |
- Median age is the age at which half the population is older and half is younger.
- Includes Other Territories.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
Sex
For migrant arrivals in 2022-23:
- there were more males than females for all states and territories except for ACT
- NT had the highest sex ratio (130) and ACT had the lowest sex ratio (95).
For migrant departures:
- there were more males than females for every state and territory in 2022-23
- NT had the highest sex ratio (235) and Vic. had the lowest sex ratio (102).
| NSW | Vic. | Qld | SA | WA | Tas. | NT | ACT | Aust.(b) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23(c) | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 105.0 | 100.3 | 102.1 | 108.3 | 112.7 | 104.8 | 130.3 | 95.2 | 104.1 | |
| Departures | 104.1 | 101.6 | 110.4 | 108.9 | 108.7 | 128.8 | 235.0 | 107.3 | 106.9 | |
| 2021-22 | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 102.5 | 96.1 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 105.9 | 109.5 | 117.0 | 100.7 | 100.3 | |
| Departures | 106.1 | 103.6 | 108.2 | 105.7 | 108.0 | 115.5 | 175.4 | 105.3 | 106.6 | |
| 2018-19 (pre-COVID) | ||||||||||
| Arrivals | 101.7 | 103.2 | 98.4 | 100.6 | 100.7 | 101.4 | 123.3 | 97.7 | 101.6 | |
| Departures | 106.6 | 104.4 | 111.2 | 106.3 | 117.0 | 114.9 | 205.7 | 104.4 | 108.9 | |
- Sex ratio is the number of males per 100 females.
- Includes Other Territories.
- Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. See revision status on the methodology page.
Post-release changes
Changes to Data Explorer links
The calendar and financial year Overseas Migration datasets which contained state/territory of residence by visa and citizenship data in the Data Explorer have been replaced by a new dataset. The new dataset will have the equivalent data but with quarterly rather than the previous annual data and is called “Overseas migrant arrivals and departures by visa group by state, quarterly and financial years, from September quarter 2006 onwards".
The publication has been updated to remove the links to the old annual datasets and replace them with the link to the new quarterly dataset.
Related ABS publications
National, state and territory population
- includes quarterly data on net overseas migration and net interstate migration estimates.
Regional population
- includes annual data on regional overseas migration and regional internal migration estimates.
Overseas arrivals and departures, Australia
- monthly statistics on all international travel arriving in and departing from Australia.
Australia's population by country of birth
- statistics on Australia's estimated resident population by country of birth.
Permanent migrants in Australia — 2021
- statistics about permanent migrants who arrived in Australia between 1 January 2000 and 10 August 2021.
Temporary visa holders in Australia — 2021
- statistics about selected types of temporary visa holders who were present in Australia on Census Night, 10 August 2021.
Migrant settlement outcomes — 2023
- statistics on selected economic and social outcomes of permanent migrants.
Personal income in Australia — migrant content
- Regional data on the number of income earners, amounts received, and the distribution of income for the 2015-16 to 2019-20 financial years.
Jobs in Australia — migrant content
- Information about the number and nature of filled jobs, the people who hold them and their employers.
Personal income of migrants, Australia — 2016-17
- statistics on personal income of migrants including employee income, own unincorporated business income, investment income and other income.
Migrant data matrices
- provides users with links to available summary data on migrants from a wide range of ABS surveys and outputs.
Enquiries
For further information about these publications and related statistics visit www.abs.gov.au/about/contact-us
Data downloads
Notes for time series spreadsheets
Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. Preliminary estimates are based on outputs from a propensity model and data is therefore an aggregate, rather than a true count of each individual. Please take care when using the variables of preliminary estimates at this level of granularity. See revision status on the methodology page.
The estimates in these tables use the 12/16 month rule methodology for calculating net overseas migration. They have not been used in compiling Australia's official estimated resident population (ERP) until September quarter 2006 and onwards. See method used on the methodology page.
To confidentialise, estimates have been rounded to the nearest 10. As a result, sums of the components may not add to totals. Calculations made on rounded data may differ to those published. See confidentiality on the methodology page.
Country classification and codes are from the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016 (cat. no. 1269.0).
The visa information in these tables is the visa at time of traveller's specific overseas movement date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore. Over time, new visas created by Home Affairs are added to the visa hierarchy while the use of other visas may expire. Care should be taken in the analysis of overseas migration data by visa over time.
Time series spreadsheets
Data files
1. Net overseas migration by country of birth, state/territory - financial years, 2004-05 to 2022-23
2. Overseas migrant arrivals by country of birth, state/territory - financial years, 2004-05 to 2022-23
3. Overseas migrant departures by country of birth, state/territory - financial years, 2004-05 to 2022-23
4. Overseas migrant arrivals and departures by visa and citizenship groups, state/territory - financial years, 2004-05 to 2022-23
Data Explorer datasets
Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check for the current reference period when using Data Explorer.
For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.
Notes for Data Explorer datasets
Estimates for 2022-23 are preliminary. Preliminary estimates are based on outputs from a propensity model and data is therefore an aggregate, rather than a true count of each individual. Please take care when using the variables of preliminary estimates at this level of granularity. See revision status on the methodology page.
The estimates in these tables use the 12/16 month rule methodology for calculating net overseas migration. They have not been used in compiling Australia's official estimated resident population (ERP) until September quarter 2006 and onwards. See method used on the methodology page.
To confidentialise, estimates have been rounded to the nearest 10. As a result, sums of the components may not add to totals. Calculations made on rounded data may differ to those published. See confidentiality on the methodology page.
Country classification and codes are from the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016 (cat. no. 1269.0).
The visa information in these tables is the visa at time of traveller's specific overseas movement date. The number of visas here should not be confused with information on visas granted by the Department of Home Affairs as visas can be granted onshore. Over time, new visas created by Home Affairs are added to the visa hierarchy while the use of other visas may expire. Care should be taken in the analysis of overseas migration data by visa over time.