People in Australia who were born in Zimbabwe

2016 Census Country of birth QuickStats
Area code 0 by 9232
People 34,788
Male 17,187
Female 17,601
Australian citizen 71.1%
Not an Australian citizen 26.9%
Families 17,601
Couples with children 10,117
Couples without children 5,695
One parent families 1,573
Other families 211
All private dwellings 21,641
Median monthly mortgage repayment $2,167
Median weekly rent paid $390

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People

demographics & education | cultural & language diversity | employment

Demographics & education

People Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Male 17,187 49.4 2,997,173 48.6 7,735,362 49.5 11,546,638 49.3
Female 17,601 50.6 3,166,493 51.4 7,880,175 50.5 11,855,248 50.7

In the 2016 Census, there were 34,788 people in Australia who were born in Zimbabwe. Of these 49.4% were male and 50.6% were female.

View the data quality statements for: Place of Usual Residence (PURP) Country of birth of person (BPLP)

Age
People
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
0-14 years 1,960 5.6 366,872 6.0 3,777,875 24.2 4,364,607 18.7
15-24 years 4,668 13.4 612,643 9.9 2,197,847 14.1 2,988,390 12.8
25-34 years 6,059 17.4 1,130,884 18.3 1,994,601 12.8 3,368,449 14.4
35-44 years 7,824 22.5 1,021,528 16.6 1,911,355 12.2 3,144,935 13.4
45-54 years 6,893 19.8 961,980 15.6 1,920,340 12.3 3,105,007 13.3
55-64 years 4,867 14.0 840,595 13.6 1,704,198 10.9 2,753,734 11.8
65 years and over 2,521 7.2 1,229,161 19.9 2,109,310 13.5 3,676,765 15.7
Median age 41 -- 44 -- 34 -- 38 --

Of the population born in Zimbabwe who usually live in Australia, 5.6% were aged 0 - 14 years and 7.2% were aged 65 years and over. The median age of people in Australia who were born in Zimbabwe was 41 years.

View the data quality statement for Age (AGEP)
Registered marital status
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Married 19,634 59.8 3,362,174 58.0 5,158,710 43.6 9,148,218 48.1
Separated 889 2.7 178,867 3.1 376,863 3.2 608,059 3.2
Divorced 2,164 6.6 464,766 8.0 1,021,844 8.6 1,626,890 8.5
Widowed 716 2.2 326,987 5.6 560,940 4.7 985,204 5.2
Never married 9,443 28.7 1,463,996 25.3 4,719,302 39.9 6,668,910 35.0

Of people in Australia aged 15 years and over who were born in Zimbabwe, 59.8% were married, 2.7% were separated, and 6.6% were divorced.

View the data quality statement for Registered marital status (MSTP)
Education Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Pre-school 54 0.2 21,982 0.4 323,754 2.1 347,621 1.5
Primary 964 2.8 197,196 3.2 1,717,830 11.0 1,926,880 8.2
Secondary 2,170 6.2 224,770 3.6 1,211,676 7.8 1,446,506 6.2
University or tertiary institution 4,067 11.7 440,789 7.2 713,008 4.6 1,160,630 5.0
Technical or further education 1,221 3.5 152,909 2.5 267,689 1.7 424,870 1.8
Other 366 1.1 97,890 1.6 98,429 0.6 198,383 0.8
Institution attended, type not stated 333 1.0 117,292 1.9 329,449 2.1 1,707,023 7.3
Not attending an educational institution 25,605 73.6 4,910,840 79.7 10,953,685 70.1 16,189,980 69.2

Of the population born in Zimbabwe who usually live in Australia, 26.4% were attending an educational institution. There were 2.8% in primary school, 6.2% in secondary school and 15.2% in a tertiary or technical institution.

View the data quality statement for Educational institution attendee status (TYSTAP)
Level of highest educational attainment
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Bachelor Degree level and above 12,577 38.3 1,830,410 31.6 2,320,141 19.6 4,181,406 22.0
Advanced Diploma and Diploma level 6,003 18.3 587,176 10.1 1,079,954 9.1 1,687,893 8.9
Certificate level IV 936 2.9 120,064 2.1 425,836 3.6 551,767 2.9
Certificate level III 3,984 12.1 565,803 9.8 1,831,323 15.5 2,442,203 12.8
Year 12 5,032 15.3 1,051,623 18.1 1,902,337 16.1 2,994,097 15.7
Year 11 936 2.9 200,856 3.5 724,761 6.1 941,531 4.9
Year 10 1,053 3.2 418,929 7.2 1,588,715 13.4 2,054,331 10.8
Certificate level II 3 0.0 3,313 0.1 9,848 0.1 13,454 0.1
Certificate level I 0 0.0 863 0.0 1,266 0.0 2,176 0.0
Year 9 or below 477 1.5 458,176 7.9 1,027,299 8.7 1,529,897 8.0
No educational attainment 21 0.1 114,870 2.0 26,748 0.2 145,844 0.8
Not stated 821 2.5 264,618 4.6 570,419 4.8 1,974,794 10.4

Of the population born in Zimbabwe who usually live in Australia, 15.3% reported having completed Year 12 as their highest level of educational attainment, 15.0% had completed a Certificate III or IV and 18.3% had completed an Advanced Diploma or Diploma.

View the data quality statement for Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)

Cultural & language diversity

Year of arrival Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Before 1941 3 0.0 9,289 0.2 -- -- -- --
1941 - 1950 34 0.1 84,378 1.4 -- -- -- --
1951 - 1960 166 0.5 321,721 5.2 -- -- -- --
1961 - 1970 623 1.8 590,106 9.6 -- -- -- --
1971 - 1980 1,637 4.7 541,319 8.8 -- -- -- --
1981 - 1990 4,234 12.2 768,312 12.5 -- -- -- --
1991 - 2000 3,217 9.2 766,940 12.4 -- -- -- --
2001 - 2005 7,554 21.7 559,084 9.1 -- -- -- --
2006 - 2010 10,444 30.0 985,332 16.0 -- -- -- --
2011 - 2016 6,342 18.2 1,324,426 21.5 -- -- -- --
Born in Australia -- -- -- -- 15,615,531 -- -- --

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, 18.2% arrived in Australia from 2011 - 2016 and 30.0% from 2006 - 2010.

View the data quality statement for Year of arrival in Australia (YARP)
Citizenship Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Australian citizen 24,740 71.1 3,652,290 59.3 15,304,785 98.0 19,278,834 82.4
Not an Australian citizen 9,354 26.9 2,402,591 39.0 86,884 0.6 2,507,458 10.7

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, 71.1% were Australian citizens.

View the data quality statement for Australian citizenship (CITP)
Birthplace of spouse or partner Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Spouse or partner born overseas 15,360 75.6 2,533,692 72.3 874,386 14.5 3,432,017 35.9
Spouse or partner born in Australia 4,050 19.9 874,386 25.0 4,975,104 82.7 5,872,893 61.4

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe and had a spouse or partner, 75.6% had a spouse or partner who was born overseas and 19.9% had a spouse or partner born in Australia.

Note: Total does not include those spouses or partners who did not state their country of birth.

View the data quality statements for: Country of birth of person (BPLP) Relationship in household (RLHP) Family/household reference person indicator (RPIP)

Religious affiliation, top responses
Results may include 'nfd' for 'not further defined'
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Anglican 5,726 16.5 535,049 8.7 2,504,891 16.0 3,101,185 13.3
Catholic 5,689 16.3 1,306,565 21.2 3,895,007 24.9 5,291,834 22.6
No Religion, so described 5,047 14.5 1,647,084 26.7 5,197,438 33.3 6,933,708 29.6
Christian, nfd 4,298 12.3 211,734 3.4 391,430 2.5 612,371 2.6
Pentecostal 3,578 10.3 91,349 1.5 165,897 1.1 260,558 1.1

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, the most common responses to the religion question were Anglican 16.5%, Catholic 16.3%, No Religion, so described 14.5%, Christian, nfd 12.3% and Pentecostal 10.3%.

View the data quality statement for Religious affiliation (RELP)
English language proficiency Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Speaks English only 21,895 62.9 2,581,282 41.9 14,190,672 90.9 17,020,421 72.7
Speaks other language and speaks English:  null  null  null  null  null  null
Very well or well 12,625 36.3 2,885,219 46.8 1,122,966 7.2 4,068,598 17.4
Not well or not at all 68 0.2 648,470 10.5 157,704 1.0 819,925 3.5

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, 62.9% spoke English only at home. A further 36.3% spoke another language but also spoke English very well or well.

View the data quality statement for Proficiency in spoken English/language (ENGLP)

Employment

Employment
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Worked full-time 16,696 62.4 2,052,828 58.4 4,491,739 57.5 6,623,065 57.7
Worked part-time 7,196 26.9 1,025,198 29.2 2,421,402 31.0 3,491,503 30.4
Away from work 1,079 4.0 158,027 4.5 397,088 5.1 569,276 5.0
Unemployed 1,801 6.7 277,586 7.9 498,013 6.4 787,452 6.9
Not in the labour force 5,896 18.0 2,221,922 38.3 3,913,066 33.1 6,297,600 33.1

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe and who were in the labour force, 62.4% worked full-time, 26.9% worked part-time and 6.7% were unemployed.

The ABS Labour Force Survey provides the official estimates of Australia's unemployment rate. More information about Census and labour force status is provided in Understanding the Census and Census Data.

View the data quality statement for Labour force status (LFSP)
Employment - hours worked
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
1-15 hours per week 2,241 9.0 313,561 9.7 890,779 12.2 1,218,823 11.4
16-24 hours per week 2,306 9.2 358,890 11.1 706,291 9.7 1,079,236 10.1
25-34 hours per week 2,649 10.6 352,748 10.9 824,331 11.3 1,193,445 11.2
35-39 hours per week 4,784 19.2 705,848 21.8 1,300,092 17.8 2,031,263 19.0
40 hours or more per week 11,908 47.7 1,346,985 41.6 3,191,643 43.7 4,591,801 43.0

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe and who were employed, 47.7% worked 40 hours or more per week and 19.2% worked 35-39 hours per week.

View the data quality statement for Hours worked (HRSP)
Occupation, top responses
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Professionals 8,606 34.4 815,695 25.2 1,536,662 21.0 2,370,966 22.2
Technicians and Trades Workers 3,236 13.0 405,055 12.5 1,021,688 14.0 1,447,414 13.5
Community and Personal Service Workers 3,178 12.7 351,854 10.9 789,597 10.8 1,157,003 10.8
Managers 3,117 12.5 403,585 12.5 970,340 13.3 1,390,047 13.0
Clerical and Administrative Workers 3,087 12.4 393,619 12.2 1,040,953 14.2 1,449,681 13.6

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, the most common responses for occupation were Professionals 34.4%, Technicians and Trades Workers 13.0%, Community and Personal Service Workers 12.7%, Managers 12.5% and Clerical and Administrative Workers 12.4%.

View the data quality statement for Occupation (OCCP)
Industry of employment, top responses
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals) 2,329 9.4 141,550 4.4 265,609 3.6 411,808 3.9
Aged Care Residential Services 1,597 6.4 90,571 2.8 117,174 1.6 211,621 2.0
Other Social Assistance Services 728 2.9 44,886 1.4 110,902 1.5 158,230 1.5
Accounting Services 466 1.9 42,416 1.3 83,995 1.1 127,263 1.2
State Government Administration 460 1.8 41,370 1.3 116,419 1.6 158,980 1.5

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, the most common responses for industry of employment were Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals) 9.4%, Aged Care Residential Services 6.4%, Other Social Assistance Services 2.9%, Accounting Services 1.9% and State Government Administration 1.8%.

View the data quality statement for Industry of employment (INDP)
Median weekly income
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Personal 1,049 -- 615 -- 688 -- 662 --
Family 2,471 -- 1,725 -- 1,834 -- 1,734 --
Household 2,311 -- 1,562 -- 1,539 -- 1,438 --

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe, the personal weekly median income was $1,049. Family median weekly income was $2,471 and Household median weekly income was $2,311.

Median personal weekly income for persons aged 15 years and over born in the selected country. Excludes those who did not state an income.

Family for the selected country of birth is determined by the reference person and/or their spouse/partner's response to country of birth. Median family income excludes families where at least one family member aged 15 years and over did not state an income.

Household for the selected country of birth is determined by the response of any household member (enumerated in the dwelling) to country of birth. Median household income excludes households where at least one member aged 15 years and over did not state an income.

View the data quality statements for: Total personal income (INCP) Total family income (FINF) Total household income (HIND)

Travel to work
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Car 16,808 67.3 1,986,872 61.4 5,009,484 68.5 7,090,101 66.4
Bus or train 2,556 10.2 453,292 14.0 454,116 6.2 915,328 8.6
Other 2,308 9.2 381,664 11.8 672,865 9.2 1,066,965 10.0

In Australia 67.3% of employed people who were born in Zimbabwe travelled to work on census day by car, while 10.2% travelled by bus or train.

View the data quality statement for Method of travel to work (MTWP)
Unpaid work
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Did unpaid domestic work (last week) 26,750 81.5 3,964,948 68.4 9,000,198 76.0 13,143,914 69.0
Cared for child/children (last two weeks) 11,901 36.3 1,677,392 28.9 3,507,061 29.6 5,259,400 27.6
Provided unpaid assistance to a person with a disability (last two weeks) 2,938 8.9 613,990 10.6 1,489,817 12.6 2,145,203 11.3
Did voluntary work through an organisation or group (last 12 months) 7,611 23.2 941,091 16.2 2,634,097 22.3 3,620,726 19.0

In Australia 81.5% of people who were born in Zimbabwe did unpaid domestic work in the week before the census, and 36.3% cared for a child or children in the two weeks before the census.

View the data quality statements for: Unpaid domestic work (DOMP) Unpaid child care (CHCAREP) Unpaid assistance (UNCAREP) Voluntary work (VOLWP)

Unpaid domestic work, number of hours
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Less than 5 hours per week 9,304 28.3 1,234,900 21.3 3,013,177 25.5 4,298,593 22.6
5 to 14 hours per week 10,979 33.5 1,509,217 26.0 3,371,602 28.5 4,944,578 26.0
15 to 29 hours per week 3,812 11.6 678,501 11.7 1,479,061 12.5 2,189,776 11.5
30 hours or more per week 2,653 8.1 542,335 9.4 1,136,359 9.6 1,710,970 9.0

In Australia of people who were born in Zimbabwe and who did unpaid domestic work in the week before the census, 33.5% worked 5 to 14 hours, 11.6% worked 15 to 29 hours and 8.1% worked 30 hours or more.

View the data quality statement for Unpaid domestic work, number of hours (DOMP)

Families

family composition | employment status of couple families

Family composition

For information on how migrant families are classified, see the User guide for QuickStats

Family composition Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Couple family without children 5,695 32.4 1,012,440 39.3 1,240,422 36.6 2,291,987 37.8
Couple family with children 10,117 57.5 1,248,241 48.4 1,434,939 42.3 2,716,224 44.7
One parent family 1,573 8.9 282,463 11.0 648,590 19.1 959,543 15.8
Other family 211 1.2 34,059 1.3 65,896 1.9 102,559 1.7
Families with a child under 5 3,561 20.2 446,733 17.3 591,182 17.4 1,037,904 17.1
Families with a child aged 0-15 years 8,328 47.3 977,697 37.9 1,379,763 40.7 2,357,465 38.8

These statistics are for families in Australia. They are for families where the reference person and/or their spouse or partner was born in Zimbabwe. Of these families, 57.5% were couple families with children, 32.4% were couple families without children and 8.9% were one parent families.

Note: Totals for families with a child under 5 and for families with a child aged 0-15 years does not include those families where the reference person and/or their spouse/partner did not state their country of birth.

View the data quality statement for Family composition (FMCF)

Employment status of couple families

Employment status of couple families
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Both employed, worked full-time 4,809 30.4 475,278 21.0 600,260 22.4 1,084,006 21.6
Both employed, worked part-time 599 3.8 97,948 4.3 103,266 3.9 203,596 4.1
One employed full-time, one part-time 4,095 25.9 424,478 18.8 652,771 24.4 1,086,460 21.7
One employed full-time, other not working 2,525 16.0 390,307 17.3 352,203 13.2 749,886 15.0
One employed part-time, other not working 707 4.5 156,274 6.9 141,852 5.3 302,037 6.0
Both not working 1,258 8.0 492,423 21.8 488,403 18.3 1,006,697 20.1
Other (includes away from work) 841 5.3 107,664 4.8 152,346 5.7 264,145 5.3
Labour force status not stated (by one or both parents in a couple family) 978 6.2 116,299 5.1 184,264 6.9 311,381 6.2

These statistics are for families in Australia. They are for families where the reference person and/or their spouse or partner was born in Zimbabwe. Of these families, 30.4% of families had both parents working full-time, 25.9% of families had one parent working full-time and one parent working part-time, and 8.0% of families stated that both parents were not working.

View the data quality statement for Labour force status of parents / partners in families (LFSF)

Dwellings

dwelling structure | mortgage & rent | household composition

Dwelling structure

For information on how migrant households are classified, see the User guide for QuickStats

Dwelling tables exclude visitor only and other non-classifiable households

Dwelling structure
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Separate house 15,819 73.1 2,212,954 67.1 5,074,866 76.9 6,041,788 72.9
Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc 3,107 14.4 466,800 14.1 779,497 11.8 1,055,016 12.7
Flat or apartment 2,560 11.8 585,471 17.7 668,862 10.1 1,087,434 13.1
Other dwelling 73 0.3 20,721 0.6 48,617 0.7 64,425 0.8

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Zimbabwe, 73.1% were a separate house, 11.8% were a flat or apartment, and 14.4% were a semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc.

View the data quality statement for Dwelling structure (STRD)
Number of bedrooms
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
None (includes bedsitters) 61 0.3 17,187 0.5 23,956 0.4 39,769 0.5
1 bedroom 729 3.4 176,922 5.4 254,884 3.9 411,252 5.0
2 bedrooms 3,114 14.4 658,470 20.0 1,119,772 17.0 1,562,759 18.9
3 bedrooms 7,415 34.3 1,264,755 38.3 2,787,246 42.2 3,403,190 41.1
4 or more bedrooms 10,002 46.2 1,110,865 33.7 2,287,725 34.7 2,670,758 32.2
Number of bedrooms not stated 324 1.5 71,635 2.2 126,102 1.9 198,351 2.4

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Zimbabwe, 14.4% had two bedrooms, 34.3% had three bedrooms and 46.2% had four or more bedrooms.

View the data quality statement for Number of bedrooms in a private dwelling (BEDD)

Mortgage & rent

Mortgage and rent
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Owned outright 3,500 16.2 970,425 29.4 2,013,505 30.5 2,565,695 31.0
Owned with a mortgage 9,492 43.9 1,122,252 34.0 2,474,999 37.5 2,855,222 34.5
Rented 8,201 37.9 1,099,840 33.3 1,907,007 28.9 2,561,302 30.9
Other tenure type 96 0.4 25,380 0.8 59,681 0.9 78,994 1.0
Tenure type not stated 350 1.6 81,928 2.5 144,494 2.2 224,869 2.7
Median monthly mortgage repayment 2,167 -- 1,950 -- 1,742 -- 1,755 --
Median weekly rent paid 390 -- 370 -- 330 -- 335 --

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Zimbabwe, 16.2% were owned outright, 43.9% were owned with a mortgage and 37.9% were rented. The median monthly mortgage repayment was $2,167 and the median weekly rent paid was $390.

Median monthly mortgage repayment relates only to occupied private dwellings that are owned with a mortgage (including those being purchased under a rent/buy scheme). It excludes 'visitor only' and 'other non-classifiable' households and dwellings that did not state a monthly repayment value.

Median weekly rent paid relates to occupied private dwellings being rented (including rent-free accommodation). It excludes 'visitor only' and 'other non-classifiable' households and dwellings that did not state a weekly payment value.

View the data quality statements for: Tenure type (TEND) Rent weekly payments (RNTD) Mortgage monthly repayments (MRED)

Household composition

Household composition Born in Zimbabwe % Born in Zimbabwe All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
One family households 17,594 81.3 2,465,248 74.7 4,809,352 72.9 5,751,635 69.4
Multiple family households 493 2.3 101,470 3.1 137,593 2.1 155,992 1.9
Single (or lone) person households 2,526 11.7 559,665 17.0 1,403,935 21.3 2,023,542 24.4
Group households 1,028 4.8 173,452 5.3 248,803 3.8 354,917 4.3

All occupants of a private dwelling complete one census form and are counted as a household. 'Born in Zimbabwe' includes households in Australia where at least one person was born in Zimbabwe. Of those households, 81.3% were one family households and 11.7% were lone person households.

View the data quality statement for Household composition (HHCD)

Small random adjustments have been made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from the table totals. For further information, go to the User Guide for QuickStats.

Data reported for Australia and Other Territories now includes Norfolk Island, following an amendment to the Acts Interpretation Act, 1901. Because Norfolk Island has not previously been included in the Census, any 2011 benchmarks will not include Norfolk Island.