People in Australia who were born in Saudi Arabia

2016 Census Country of birth QuickStats
Area code 0 by 4213
People 12,581
Male 6,997
Female 5,584
Australian citizen 24.9%
Not an Australian citizen 72.7%
Families 3,696
Couples with children 2,440
Couples without children 901
One parent families 146
Other families 209
All private dwellings 6,702
Median monthly mortgage repayment $2,167
Median weekly rent paid $420

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People

demographics & education | cultural & language diversity | employment

Demographics & education

People Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Male 6,997 55.6 2,997,173 48.6 7,735,362 49.5 11,546,638 49.3
Female 5,584 44.4 3,166,493 51.4 7,880,175 50.5 11,855,248 50.7

In the 2016 Census, there were 12,581 people in Australia who were born in Saudi Arabia. Of these 55.6% were male and 44.4% were female.

View the data quality statements for: Place of Usual Residence (PURP) Country of birth of person (BPLP)

Age
People
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
0-14 years 3,336 26.5 366,872 6.0 3,777,875 24.2 4,364,607 18.7
15-24 years 2,774 22.0 612,643 9.9 2,197,847 14.1 2,988,390 12.8
25-34 years 4,856 38.6 1,130,884 18.3 1,994,601 12.8 3,368,449 14.4
35-44 years 1,300 10.3 1,021,528 16.6 1,911,355 12.2 3,144,935 13.4
45-54 years 209 1.7 961,980 15.6 1,920,340 12.3 3,105,007 13.3
55-64 years 84 0.7 840,595 13.6 1,704,198 10.9 2,753,734 11.8
65 years and over 24 0.2 1,229,161 19.9 2,109,310 13.5 3,676,765 15.7
Median age 25 -- 44 -- 34 -- 38 --

Of the population born in Saudi Arabia who usually live in Australia, 26.5% were aged 0 - 14 years and 0.2% were aged 65 years and over. The median age of people in Australia who were born in Saudi Arabia was 25 years.

View the data quality statement for Age (AGEP)
Registered marital status
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Married 5,210 56.3 3,362,174 58.0 5,158,710 43.6 9,148,218 48.1
Separated 78 0.8 178,867 3.1 376,863 3.2 608,059 3.2
Divorced 152 1.6 464,766 8.0 1,021,844 8.6 1,626,890 8.5
Widowed 16 0.2 326,987 5.6 560,940 4.7 985,204 5.2
Never married 3,796 41.0 1,463,996 25.3 4,719,302 39.9 6,668,910 35.0

Of people in Australia aged 15 years and over who were born in Saudi Arabia, 56.3% were married, 0.8% were separated, and 1.6% were divorced.

View the data quality statement for Registered marital status (MSTP)
Education Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Pre-school 274 2.2 21,982 0.4 323,754 2.1 347,621 1.5
Primary 1,468 11.7 197,196 3.2 1,717,830 11.0 1,926,880 8.2
Secondary 1,015 8.1 224,770 3.6 1,211,676 7.8 1,446,506 6.2
University or tertiary institution 4,197 33.4 440,789 7.2 713,008 4.6 1,160,630 5.0
Technical or further education 339 2.7 152,909 2.5 267,689 1.7 424,870 1.8
Other 560 4.5 97,890 1.6 98,429 0.6 198,383 0.8
Institution attended, type not stated 301 2.4 117,292 1.9 329,449 2.1 1,707,023 7.3
Not attending an educational institution 4,424 35.2 4,910,840 79.7 10,953,685 70.1 16,189,980 69.2

Of the population born in Saudi Arabia who usually live in Australia, 64.8% were attending an educational institution. There were 11.7% in primary school, 8.1% in secondary school and 36.1% in a tertiary or technical institution.

View the data quality statement for Educational institution attendee status (TYSTAP)
Level of highest educational attainment
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Bachelor Degree level and above 4,469 48.4 1,830,410 31.6 2,320,141 19.6 4,181,406 22.0
Advanced Diploma and Diploma level 910 9.8 587,176 10.1 1,079,954 9.1 1,687,893 8.9
Certificate level IV 52 0.6 120,064 2.1 425,836 3.6 551,767 2.9
Certificate level III 162 1.8 565,803 9.8 1,831,323 15.5 2,442,203 12.8
Year 12 2,481 26.8 1,051,623 18.1 1,902,337 16.1 2,994,097 15.7
Year 11 229 2.5 200,856 3.5 724,761 6.1 941,531 4.9
Year 10 254 2.7 418,929 7.2 1,588,715 13.4 2,054,331 10.8
Certificate level II 3 0.0 3,313 0.1 9,848 0.1 13,454 0.1
Certificate level I 0 0.0 863 0.0 1,266 0.0 2,176 0.0
Year 9 or below 246 2.7 458,176 7.9 1,027,299 8.7 1,529,897 8.0
No educational attainment 59 0.6 114,870 2.0 26,748 0.2 145,844 0.8
Not stated 243 2.6 264,618 4.6 570,419 4.8 1,974,794 10.4

Of the population born in Saudi Arabia who usually live in Australia, 26.8% reported having completed Year 12 as their highest level of educational attainment, 2.3% had completed a Certificate III or IV and 9.8% had completed an Advanced Diploma or Diploma.

View the data quality statement for Level of highest educational attainment (HEAP)

Cultural & language diversity

Year of arrival Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Before 1941 0 0.0 9,289 0.2 -- -- -- --
1941 - 1950 0 0.0 84,378 1.4 -- -- -- --
1951 - 1960 3 0.0 321,721 5.2 -- -- -- --
1961 - 1970 30 0.2 590,106 9.6 -- -- -- --
1971 - 1980 44 0.3 541,319 8.8 -- -- -- --
1981 - 1990 306 2.4 768,312 12.5 -- -- -- --
1991 - 2000 866 6.9 766,940 12.4 -- -- -- --
2001 - 2005 649 5.2 559,084 9.1 -- -- -- --
2006 - 2010 2,164 17.2 985,332 16.0 -- -- -- --
2011 - 2016 7,925 63.0 1,324,426 21.5 -- -- -- --
Born in Australia -- -- -- -- 15,615,531 -- -- --

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, 63.0% arrived in Australia from 2011 - 2016 and 17.2% from 2006 - 2010.

View the data quality statement for Year of arrival in Australia (YARP)
Citizenship Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Australian citizen 3,136 24.9 3,652,290 59.3 15,304,785 98.0 19,278,834 82.4
Not an Australian citizen 9,144 72.7 2,402,591 39.0 86,884 0.6 2,507,458 10.7

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, 24.9% were Australian citizens.

View the data quality statement for Australian citizenship (CITP)
Birthplace of spouse or partner Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Spouse or partner born overseas 4,485 91.0 2,533,692 72.3 874,386 14.5 3,432,017 35.9
Spouse or partner born in Australia 352 7.1 874,386 25.0 4,975,104 82.7 5,872,893 61.4

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia and had a spouse or partner, 91.0% had a spouse or partner who was born overseas and 7.1% had a spouse or partner born in Australia.

Note: Total does not include those spouses or partners who did not state their country of birth.

View the data quality statements for: Country of birth of person (BPLP) Relationship in household (RLHP) Family/household reference person indicator (RPIP)

Religious affiliation, top responses
Results may include 'nfd' for 'not further defined'
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Islam 9,840 78.2 372,165 6.0 219,936 1.4 604,240 2.6
Catholic 955 7.6 1,306,565 21.2 3,895,007 24.9 5,291,834 22.6
No Religion, so described 503 4.0 1,647,084 26.7 5,197,438 33.3 6,933,708 29.6
Oriental Orthodox 155 1.2 33,698 0.5 16,679 0.1 51,013 0.2
Anglican 135 1.1 535,049 8.7 2,504,891 16.0 3,101,185 13.3

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, the most common responses to the religion question were Islam 78.2%, Catholic 7.6%, No Religion, so described 4.0%, Oriental Orthodox 1.2% and Anglican 1.1%.

View the data quality statement for Religious affiliation (RELP)
English language proficiency Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Speaks English only 1,363 10.8 2,581,282 41.9 14,190,672 90.9 17,020,421 72.7
Speaks other language and speaks English:  null  null  null  null  null  null
Very well or well 8,524 67.8 2,885,219 46.8 1,122,966 7.2 4,068,598 17.4
Not well or not at all 2,616 20.8 648,470 10.5 157,704 1.0 819,925 3.5

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, 10.8% spoke English only at home. A further 67.8% spoke another language but also spoke English very well or well.

View the data quality statement for Proficiency in spoken English/language (ENGLP)

Employment

Employment
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Worked full-time 1,280 45.4 2,052,828 58.4 4,491,739 57.5 6,623,065 57.7
Worked part-time 864 30.6 1,025,198 29.2 2,421,402 31.0 3,491,503 30.4
Away from work 122 4.3 158,027 4.5 397,088 5.1 569,276 5.0
Unemployed 556 19.7 277,586 7.9 498,013 6.4 787,452 6.9
Not in the labour force 6,398 69.2 2,221,922 38.3 3,913,066 33.1 6,297,600 33.1

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia and who were in the labour force, 45.4% worked full-time, 30.6% worked part-time and 19.7% were unemployed.

The ABS Labour Force Survey provides the official estimates of Australia's unemployment rate. More information about Census and labour force status is provided in Understanding the Census and Census Data.

View the data quality statement for Labour force status (LFSP)
Employment - hours worked
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
1-15 hours per week 371 16.4 313,561 9.7 890,779 12.2 1,218,823 11.4
16-24 hours per week 267 11.8 358,890 11.1 706,291 9.7 1,079,236 10.1
25-34 hours per week 226 10.0 352,748 10.9 824,331 11.3 1,193,445 11.2
35-39 hours per week 458 20.2 705,848 21.8 1,300,092 17.8 2,031,263 19.0
40 hours or more per week 819 36.1 1,346,985 41.6 3,191,643 43.7 4,591,801 43.0

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia and who were employed, 36.1% worked 40 hours or more per week and 20.2% worked 35-39 hours per week.

View the data quality statement for Hours worked (HRSP)
Occupation, top responses
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Professionals 869 38.3 815,695 25.2 1,536,662 21.0 2,370,966 22.2
Community and Personal Service Workers 253 11.2 351,854 10.9 789,597 10.8 1,157,003 10.8
Sales Workers 251 11.1 242,224 7.5 746,730 10.2 1,000,955 9.4
Clerical and Administrative Workers 243 10.7 393,619 12.2 1,040,953 14.2 1,449,681 13.6
Managers 204 9.0 403,585 12.5 970,340 13.3 1,390,047 13.0

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, the most common responses for occupation were Professionals 38.3%, Community and Personal Service Workers 11.2%, Sales Workers 11.1%, Clerical and Administrative Workers 10.7% and Managers 9.0%.

View the data quality statement for Occupation (OCCP)
Industry of employment, top responses
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals) 190 8.7 141,550 4.4 265,609 3.6 411,808 3.9
Computer System Design and Related Services 95 4.4 82,618 2.6 79,573 1.1 162,884 1.5
Supermarket and Grocery Stores 87 4.0 63,537 2.0 187,929 2.6 254,275 2.4
Higher Education 79 3.6 61,774 1.9 93,269 1.3 155,985 1.5
Takeaway Food Services 78 3.6 50,880 1.6 137,140 1.9 189,447 1.8

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, the most common responses for industry of employment were Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals) 8.7%, Computer System Design and Related Services 4.4%, Supermarket and Grocery Stores 4.0%, Higher Education 3.6% and Takeaway Food Services 3.6%.

View the data quality statement for Industry of employment (INDP)
Median weekly income
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Personal 678 -- 615 -- 688 -- 662 --
Family 1,555 -- 1,725 -- 1,834 -- 1,734 --
Household 1,657 -- 1,562 -- 1,539 -- 1,438 --

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia, the personal weekly median income was $678. Family median weekly income was $1,555 and Household median weekly income was $1,657.

Median personal weekly income for persons aged 15 years and over born in the selected country. Excludes those who did not state an income.

Family for the selected country of birth is determined by the reference person and/or their spouse/partner's response to country of birth. Median family income excludes families where at least one family member aged 15 years and over did not state an income.

Household for the selected country of birth is determined by the response of any household member (enumerated in the dwelling) to country of birth. Median household income excludes households where at least one member aged 15 years and over did not state an income.

View the data quality statements for: Total personal income (INCP) Total family income (FINF) Total household income (HIND)

Travel to work
Employed people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Car 1,226 54.0 1,986,872 61.4 5,009,484 68.5 7,090,101 66.4
Bus or train 418 18.4 453,292 14.0 454,116 6.2 915,328 8.6
Other 289 12.7 381,664 11.8 672,865 9.2 1,066,965 10.0

In Australia 54.0% of employed people who were born in Saudi Arabia travelled to work on census day by car, while 18.4% travelled by bus or train.

View the data quality statement for Method of travel to work (MTWP)
Unpaid work
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Did unpaid domestic work (last week) 4,003 43.3 3,964,948 68.4 9,000,198 76.0 13,143,914 69.0
Cared for child/children (last two weeks) 2,546 27.5 1,677,392 28.9 3,507,061 29.6 5,259,400 27.6
Provided unpaid assistance to a person with a disability (last two weeks) 686 7.4 613,990 10.6 1,489,817 12.6 2,145,203 11.3
Did voluntary work through an organisation or group (last 12 months) 1,385 15.0 941,091 16.2 2,634,097 22.3 3,620,726 19.0

In Australia 43.3% of people who were born in Saudi Arabia did unpaid domestic work in the week before the census, and 27.5% cared for a child or children in the two weeks before the census.

View the data quality statements for: Unpaid domestic work (DOMP) Unpaid child care (CHCAREP) Unpaid assistance (UNCAREP) Voluntary work (VOLWP)

Unpaid domestic work, number of hours
People aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Less than 5 hours per week 1,659 17.9 1,234,900 21.3 3,013,177 25.5 4,298,593 22.6
5 to 14 hours per week 1,422 15.4 1,509,217 26.0 3,371,602 28.5 4,944,578 26.0
15 to 29 hours per week 467 5.0 678,501 11.7 1,479,061 12.5 2,189,776 11.5
30 hours or more per week 462 5.0 542,335 9.4 1,136,359 9.6 1,710,970 9.0

In Australia of people who were born in Saudi Arabia and who did unpaid domestic work in the week before the census, 15.4% worked 5 to 14 hours, 5.0% worked 15 to 29 hours and 5.0% worked 30 hours or more.

View the data quality statement for Unpaid domestic work, number of hours (DOMP)

Families

family composition | employment status of couple families

Family composition

For information on how migrant families are classified, see the User guide for QuickStats

Family composition Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Couple family without children 901 24.4 1,012,440 39.3 1,240,422 36.6 2,291,987 37.8
Couple family with children 2,440 66.0 1,248,241 48.4 1,434,939 42.3 2,716,224 44.7
One parent family 146 4.0 282,463 11.0 648,590 19.1 959,543 15.8
Other family 209 5.7 34,059 1.3 65,896 1.9 102,559 1.7
Families with a child under 5 1,949 52.7 446,733 17.3 591,182 17.4 1,037,904 17.1
Families with a child aged 0-15 years 2,467 66.8 977,697 37.9 1,379,763 40.7 2,357,465 38.8

These statistics are for families in Australia. They are for families where the reference person and/or their spouse or partner was born in Saudi Arabia. Of these families, 66.0% were couple families with children, 24.4% were couple families without children and 4.0% were one parent families.

Note: Totals for families with a child under 5 and for families with a child aged 0-15 years does not include those families where the reference person and/or their spouse/partner did not state their country of birth.

View the data quality statement for Family composition (FMCF)

Employment status of couple families

Employment status of couple families
Labour force, people aged 15 years and over
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Both employed, worked full-time 307 9.2 475,278 21.0 600,260 22.4 1,084,006 21.6
Both employed, worked part-time 43 1.3 97,948 4.3 103,266 3.9 203,596 4.1
One employed full-time, one part-time 248 7.4 424,478 18.8 652,771 24.4 1,086,460 21.7
One employed full-time, other not working 567 17.0 390,307 17.3 352,203 13.2 749,886 15.0
One employed part-time, other not working 184 5.5 156,274 6.9 141,852 5.3 302,037 6.0
Both not working 1,769 53.0 492,423 21.8 488,403 18.3 1,006,697 20.1
Other (includes away from work) 101 3.0 107,664 4.8 152,346 5.7 264,145 5.3
Labour force status not stated (by one or both parents in a couple family) 117 3.5 116,299 5.1 184,264 6.9 311,381 6.2

These statistics are for families in Australia. They are for families where the reference person and/or their spouse or partner was born in Saudi Arabia. Of these families, 9.2% of families had both parents working full-time, 7.4% of families had one parent working full-time and one parent working part-time, and 53.0% of families stated that both parents were not working.

View the data quality statement for Labour force status of parents / partners in families (LFSF)

Dwellings

dwelling structure | mortgage & rent | household composition

Dwelling structure

For information on how migrant households are classified, see the User guide for QuickStats

Dwelling tables exclude visitor only and other non-classifiable households

Dwelling structure
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Separate house 2,749 41.0 2,212,954 67.1 5,074,866 76.9 6,041,788 72.9
Semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc 1,367 20.4 466,800 14.1 779,497 11.8 1,055,016 12.7
Flat or apartment 2,512 37.5 585,471 17.7 668,862 10.1 1,087,434 13.1
Other dwelling 24 0.4 20,721 0.6 48,617 0.7 64,425 0.8

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Saudi Arabia, 41.0% were a separate house, 37.5% were a flat or apartment, and 20.4% were a semi-detached, row or terrace house, townhouse etc.

View the data quality statement for Dwelling structure (STRD)
Number of bedrooms
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
None (includes bedsitters) 37 0.6 17,187 0.5 23,956 0.4 39,769 0.5
1 bedroom 641 9.6 176,922 5.4 254,884 3.9 411,252 5.0
2 bedrooms 2,065 30.8 658,470 20.0 1,119,772 17.0 1,562,759 18.9
3 bedrooms 2,002 29.8 1,264,755 38.3 2,787,246 42.2 3,403,190 41.1
4 or more bedrooms 1,762 26.3 1,110,865 33.7 2,287,725 34.7 2,670,758 32.2
Number of bedrooms not stated 200 3.0 71,635 2.2 126,102 1.9 198,351 2.4

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Saudi Arabia, 30.8% had two bedrooms, 29.8% had three bedrooms and 26.3% had four or more bedrooms.

View the data quality statement for Number of bedrooms in a private dwelling (BEDD)

Mortgage & rent

Mortgage and rent
Occupied private dwellings
Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
Owned outright 395 5.9 970,425 29.4 2,013,505 30.5 2,565,695 31.0
Owned with a mortgage 1,463 21.8 1,122,252 34.0 2,474,999 37.5 2,855,222 34.5
Rented 4,598 68.6 1,099,840 33.3 1,907,007 28.9 2,561,302 30.9
Other tenure type 45 0.7 25,380 0.8 59,681 0.9 78,994 1.0
Tenure type not stated 202 3.0 81,928 2.5 144,494 2.2 224,869 2.7
Median monthly mortgage repayment 2,167 -- 1,950 -- 1,742 -- 1,755 --
Median weekly rent paid 420 -- 370 -- 330 -- 335 --

These statistics are for occupied private dwellings in Australia. For the dwellings that were occupied on census night by a person or persons who were born in Saudi Arabia, 5.9% were owned outright, 21.8% were owned with a mortgage and 68.6% were rented. The median monthly mortgage repayment was $2,167 and the median weekly rent paid was $420.

Median monthly mortgage repayment relates only to occupied private dwellings that are owned with a mortgage (including those being purchased under a rent/buy scheme). It excludes 'visitor only' and 'other non-classifiable' households and dwellings that did not state a monthly repayment value.

Median weekly rent paid relates to occupied private dwellings being rented (including rent-free accommodation). It excludes 'visitor only' and 'other non-classifiable' households and dwellings that did not state a weekly payment value.

View the data quality statements for: Tenure type (TEND) Rent weekly payments (RNTD) Mortgage monthly repayments (MRED)

Household composition

Household composition Born in Saudi Arabia % Born in Saudi Arabia All overseas born % All overseas born Australian born % Australian born Total % Total
One family households 5,313 79.3 2,465,248 74.7 4,809,352 72.9 5,751,635 69.4
Multiple family households 213 3.2 101,470 3.1 137,593 2.1 155,992 1.9
Single (or lone) person households 540 8.1 559,665 17.0 1,403,935 21.3 2,023,542 24.4
Group households 632 9.4 173,452 5.3 248,803 3.8 354,917 4.3

All occupants of a private dwelling complete one census form and are counted as a household. 'Born in Saudi Arabia' includes households in Australia where at least one person was born in Saudi Arabia. Of those households, 79.3% were one family households and 8.1% were lone person households.

View the data quality statement for Household composition (HHCD)

Small random adjustments have been made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from the table totals. For further information, go to the User Guide for QuickStats.

Data reported for Australia and Other Territories now includes Norfolk Island, following an amendment to the Acts Interpretation Act, 1901. Because Norfolk Island has not previously been included in the Census, any 2011 benchmarks will not include Norfolk Island.