Family composition (FMCF)

Latest release
Census of Population and Housing: Census dictionary
Reference period
2026

Definition

This variable classifies families into different family types based on their family composition. It uses one family reference person and classifies all other members in relation to that person.

It also uses information about family members who were temporarily absent from the household on Census night.

Family types are identified by checking, in order, whether there are couple relationships, parent-child relationships, child dependency relationships, or other family relationships.

Scope

Families in family households

Categories for family composition

Question(s) from the Census form

What is the person's date of birth and age

What is the person’s relationship to person 1/person 2?

Is the person attending a school or any other education institution?

For each person away, complete the following questions:

How this variable is created

This variable is derived from responses to the relationship in household, date of birth, sex recorded at birth, attendance at an education institution, and persons temporarily absent questions on the Census form. During processing, families are identified and created around a family reference person, usually Person 1 on the form.

The variable distinguishes family types by checking, in order, the presence or absence of couple relationships, parent–child relationships, child dependency relationships or other family relationships. Each family is classified based on the relationships between the family reference person and every other member.

Reporting relationships only in relation to Person 1 can make it difficult to identify all household relationships or determine whether more than one family lives in a dwelling. In some cases, extra information such as surname, place of usual residence and marital status is used during processing to help determine these relationships.

History and changes

This variable was first introduced in the 2006 Census to replace family type (FMTF).

In 2026, category labels were updated to align with updated wording of questions on the form. 

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