Digital activity in the Australian economy

Released

25/10/2019

Source

Australian National Accounts: Supply Use Tables, 2017-18 financial year

Introduction

This feature article updates and extends measures of the size, growth and nature of digital activity in Australia for the period from 2011-12 to 2017-18. The estimates incorporated data from the most recent 2017-18 Supply and Use tables.

The ABS measures digital activity in Australia as the production of:

Digital enabling infrastructure, such as computer hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and support services that form and facilitate the use of computer networks;
Digital media, which covers digital audio, video and advertisement broadcasting services that can be created, accessed, stored or viewed on digital devices; and
E-commerce, which incorporate retail and wholesale services and margins from digitally ordered or platform enabled online transactions.

More details on the ABS digital activity framework are covered in the Chief Economist Series.

Analysis of results

Domestic production of digital activity has grown relative to the total Australian economy. In 2017-18, digital activity accounted for 5.6% ($96.9 billion) of aggregate value added ($1,725.7 billion), compared to 5.4% ($75.6 billion) in 2011-12 (Graph 1). The relative size of digital activity in Australia is broadly similar to that seen in the United States (6.9% in 2017).

Graph 1 - Digital activity value added ($m) and share in aggregate value added (%), from 2011-12 to 2017-18, current prices
	Share of aggregate value added (RHS) ( %)	Digital activity value added (LHS) ( $m)
2011-12	5.4	75,665.8
2012-13	5.4	78,185.5
2013-14	5.5	82,404.1
2014-15	5.6	85,405.1
2015-16	5.8	89,050.7
2016-17	5.7	92,925.1
2017-18	5.6	96,898.0

["","Share of aggregate value added (RHS)","Digital activity value added (LHS)"]

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From 2011-12 to 2017-18, digital activity share of aggregate value added, was higher than 12 industry divisions, but below traditional economic drivers such as Finance (8.9%), Construction (8.4%), Mining (8.1%) and Health (7.0%) (Graph 2).

Graph 2 - Average industry share in aggregate value added (%), digital activity embedded, from 2011-12 to 2017-18, current prices (a)
	Industry division (%)	Digitalised activity (%)
Ownership of dwellings	9.0
Financial and insurance services	9.0
Construction	8.5
Mining	8.2
Professional, scientific and technical services	7.2
Health care and social assistance	7.0
Manufacturing	6.3
Public administration and safety	5.6
Digitalised activity		5.6
Transport, postal and warehousing	5.1
Education and training	5.1
Retail trade	4.7
Wholesale trade	4.3
Administrative and support services	3.4
Rental, hiring and real estate services	3.0
Information, media and telecommunications	2.8
Electicity, gas, water and waste services	2.8
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2.6
Accommodation and food services	2.5
Other services	2.0
Arts and recreation services	0.9

["","Industry division","Digitalised activity"]

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The production of the digital products has not been removed from the existing industries for which it is partially embedded. Therefore, the shares add to more than 100% of aggregate value added.

Within digital activity, the share in production was dominated by demand for support services (43.5%) and telecommunications (24.9%) and further growth of wholesale e-commerce (16.0%) (Graph 3).

Graph 3 - Share in total digital activity value added (%), from 2011-12 to 2017-18, current prices
	Hardware (%)	Software (%)	E-commerce - Retail (%)	Digital media (%)	E-commerce - Wholesale (%)	Telecommunications (%)	Support services (%)
2011-12	1.8	4.0	2.3	8.1	12.7	29.8	41.3
2012-13	2.4	3.8	2.7	8.3	10.5	29.3	43.0
2013-14	2.0	3.6	2.8	8.2	13.7	28.7	41.1
2014-15	2.3	3.6	2.9	8.0	13.1	28.0	42.2
2015-16	2.2	3.5	3.4	7.7	15.3	26.8	41.1
2016-17	2.0	3.1	3.7	7.1	16.3	25.8	41.9
2017-18	1.8	3.2	3.7	7.0	16.0	24.9	43.5

["","Hardware","Software","E-commerce - Retail","Digital media","E-commerce - Wholesale","Telecommunications","Support services"]

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In 2017-18, digital activity expanded by 4.3% in current price terms, slightly below aggregate value added growth of 5.0% (Graph 4).

Within digital activity, the largest increases were in support services (8.4%), software (4.8%) and digital media (2.8%). Growth in support services was driven by demand for both computer systems design related services and data processing storage services, while strength in software was due to increased cloud and mobile operating system services. The rise in digital media reflected growth in internet publishing and broadcasting services. In contrast, Hardware experienced a decline in growth of -7.3%, due to competition from cheaper importers.

Graph 4 - Annual value added growth (%), digital activity vs. total economy, 2017-18, current prices
	Digitalised activities (%)	Total economy (%)	Total digitalised activity (%)
Total economy		5.0
Total digitalised activity			4.3
Support services	8.4
Software	4.8
Digital media	2.8
E-commerce - Wholesale	2.4
E-commerce - Retail	1.8
Telecommunications	0.5
Hardware	-7.3

["","Digitalised activities","Total economy","Total digitalised activity"]

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Conclusion

Digital activity represents a moderate share of total Australian production. Demand for statistical insights into digital activity in the Australian economy is ongoing. In response, the ABS will release updated and extend experimental estimates of digital activity in Australia annually, based on the latest available Australian National Accounts: Supply Use Tables (cat. no. 5217.0).

References

Show all

Barefoot, K., Curtis, D., Jolliff, W.A., Nicholson, J.R. & R. Omohundro 2019, ‘Measuring the Digital Economy: An Update Incorporating Data from the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the Industry Economic Accounts’, Working Paper, BEA (Bureau of Economic Analysis), Washington, D.C.

Barefoot, K., Curtis, D., Jolliff, W.A., Nicholson, J.R. & R. Omohundro 2019, ‘Research Spotlight Measuring the Digital Economy’, Working Paper, BEA, Washington, D.C.

Zhao, P. 2019, ‘Measuring Digital Activities in the Australian Economy’, Chief economist series, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

Footnotes

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See Barefoot et al. (2019).