International Trade: Supplementary Information, Calendar Year

Latest release

Detailed calendar year statistics on international trade in goods and services, by country and state

Reference period

2023

Released

30/04/2024

Next release Unknown

Key statistics

Australia's balance on goods and services was a surplus of $144,309m in 2023
Total goods and services exports rose $1,770m (0.3%) to $671,077m
Total goods and services imports rose $13,470m (2.6%) to $526,768m

Overview

Total exports

Total exports rose $1,770m (0.3%) in 2023.

The top 5 exporting partners for Australia were:

China rose $33,613m (18.2%) to $218,801m
Japan fell $29,729m (24.8%) to $90,160m
South Korea fell $10,445m (19.3%) to $43,662m
India rose $124m (0.4%) to $35,195m
United States of America rose $2,610m (8.4%) to $33,566m

These five countries made up 62.8% of Australia’s total international trade in exports.

Total imports

Total imports rose $13,470m (2.6%) in 2023.

The top 5 importing partners for Australia were:

China fell $7,060m (6.1%) to $108,137m
United States of America rose $4,719m (7.8%) to $65,107m
Japan rose $1,607m (5.6%) to $30.548m
South Korea fell $700m (2.5%) to $27,319m
Singapore fell $3,258 (11.9%) to $23,957m

These five countries made up 48.4% of Australia’s total international trade in imports.

Trade in services

In 2023:

The balance on trade in services was a surplus of $704m
Services credits (exports) rose $38,080m (50.5%) to $113,524m
Services debits (imports) rose $16,538 (17.2%) to $112,820m

Balance on trade in services
	Balance ($m)
2003	2,286
2004	-764
2005	-1,244
2006	-880
2007	-2,007
2008	-5,215
2009	-1,306
2010	-5,760
2011	-9,308
2012	-15,062
2013	-17,164
2014	-11,349
2015	-11,603
2016	-6,579
2017	-4,710
2018	-7,058
2019	-1,761
2020	14,061
2021	4,730
2022	-20,838
2023	704

Balance on trade in services

["","Balance"]

[["2003","2004","2005","2006","2007","2008","2009","2010","2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"],[[2286],[-764],[-1244],[-880],[-2007],[-5215],[-1306],[-5760],[-9308],[-15062],[-17164],[-11349],[-11603],[-6579],[-4710],[-7058],[-1761],[14061],[4730],[-20838],[704]]]

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Services exports

Total exports of services rose 50.5% in 2023, which exceeded pre-pandemic levels of 2019 by $11,943m (11.8%).

In 2023:

Education-related travel rose $21,229m (79.8%)
Other personal travel rose $11,139m (147.3%)
Charges for the use of intellectual property rose $1,701m (27.5%)

Services exports
	Transport ($m)	Travel ($m)	Other services ($m)
2019	7,934	65,484	28,163
2020	4,691	37,520	30,457
2021	3,809	22,615	33,434
2022	5,455	35,533	34,456
2023	7,295	70,104	36,125

Services exports

["","Transport","Travel","Other services"]

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Services exports by state

In 2023, all states experienced a recovery in services exports with the strongest growth in South Australia which rose $2,296m (81.9%) and Queensland, which rose $6,115m (70.6%).

New South Wales accounted for 46.0% of all services exports, followed by Victoria, with 25.0%.

Services exports by state
	New South Wales ($m)	Victoria ($m)	Queensland ($m)	South Australia ($m)	Western Australia ($m)	Tasmania ($m)	Northern Territory ($m)	Australian Capital Territory ($m)
2018	39,712	24,953	13,826	3,473	6,700	1,086	742	2,049
2019	43,466	27,786	14,650	3,938	7,601	1,251	755	2,134
2020	33,798	19,840	8,274	2,937	5,116	808	440	1,455
2021	29,538	15,635	6,093	2,473	3,902	552	366	1,299
2022	37,000	18,958	8,666	2,805	5,240	602	598	1,575
2023	52,168	28,377	14,781	5,101	8,672	984	899	2,542

Services exports by state

["","New South Wales","Victoria","Queensland","South Australia","Western Australia","Tasmania","Northern Territory","Australian Capital Territory"]

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Services exports by country

In 2023:

China was Australia’s largest services export partner, accounting for 12.9% of total services exports.
Total exports to China rose by $5,101m (53.4%) driven by education-related travel with the return of students from China to on-shore study.
United States of America was Australia’s second largest services export partner, accounting for 10.7% of total services exports.
Services exports to the United States of America rose $1,976 (19.5%), also driven by travel exports.

Proportion of services exports by country
2022	$m	%	2023	$m	%
United States of America	10,138	13.4	China	14,651	12.9
China	9,550	12.7	United States of America	12,114	10.7
Asia, nes	6,439	8.5	Asia, nes	11,605	10.2
United Kingdom	5,797	7.7	India	9,975	8.8
India	5,617	7.4	United Kingdom	7,415	6.5
Singapore	4,667	6.2	New Zealand	6,254	5.5
New Zealand	4,531	6.0	Singapore	5,510	4.9
Hong Kong	1,883	2.5	America, nes	3,306	2.9
Ireland	1,765	2.3	Hong Kong	2,913	2.6
America, nes	1,634	2.2	Indonesia	2,568	2.3
All other countries	23,423	31.0	All other countries	37,213	32.8
Total	75,444	100.0	Total	113,524	100.0

Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.

Services imports

Total imports of services rose $16,538m (17.2%) to $112,820m in 2023.

The key drivers of the increase were:

Travel services rose $17,323m (73.8%), driven by other personal related travel services.
Other services rose $5,615m (14.3%), driven by a rise in professional and management consulting services.

Partially offsetting, transport services fell $6,400m (19.1%) in line with falls in the cost of freight services.

Services imports
	Transport ($m)	Travel ($m)	Other services ($m)
2019	18,753	50,778	33,811
2020	13,389	11,060	34,158
2021	18,287	1,570	35,271
2022	33,463	23,469	39,350
2023	27,063	40,792	44,965

Services imports

["","Transport","Travel","Other services"]

[["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"],[[18753],[13389],[18287],[33463],[27063]],[[50778],[11060],[1570],[23469],[40792]],[[33811],[34158],[35271],[39350],[44965]]]

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Services imports by state

In 2023:

All states recorded a rise in services imports
New South Wales and Victoria remained the two largest states, with 46.9% and 23.6% of all services imports, respectively.

Services imports by state
	New South Wales ($m)	Victoria ($m)	Queensland ($m)	South Australia ($m)	Western Australia ($m)	Tasmania ($m)	Northern Territory ($m)	Australian Capital Territory ($m)
2018	41,476	24,544	14,680	3,728	11,383	641	596	2,553
2019	43,950	25,389	14,737	3,856	11,251	684	659	2,816
2020	28,672	13,175	6,785	1,974	5,481	241	209	2,070
2021	28,853	12,316	5,523	1,841	4,394	169	147	1,885
2022	45,928	23,695	11,917	2,853	8,606	422	396	2,465
2023	52,919	26,618	14,703	3,819	10,804	604	499	2,854

Services imports by state

["","New South Wales","Victoria","Queensland","South Australia","Western Australia","Tasmania","Northern Territory","Australian Capital Territory"]

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Services imports by country

In 2023:

United States of America remained Australia’s largest services imports partner, accounting for 15.4% of the total services imports.
Total service imports from the United States of America rose $3,596m (26.1%)

Proportion of services imports (a) by country
2022	$m	%	2023	$m	%
United States of America	-13,788	14.3	United States of America	-17,384	15.4
Singapore	-9,403	9.8	United Kingdom	-9,779	8.7
United Kingdom	-8,862	9.2	New Zealand	-7,944	7.0
Germany	-6,373	6.6	Singapore	-7,754	6.9
New Zealand	-6,181	6.4	Asia, nes	-7,112	6.3
Asia, nes	-5,240	5.4	Indonesia	-5,982	5.3
India	-3,669	3.8	Germany	-4,928	4.4
Hong Kong	-3,619	3.8	India	-4,671	4.1
Ireland	-3,264	3.4	Japan	-4,339	3.8
Europe, nes	-3,018	3.1	Ireland	-3,540	3.1
All other countries	-32,865	34.1	All other countries	-39,387	34.9
Total	-96,282	100.0	Total	-112,820	100.0

Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals
(a) For sign conventions, see the Explanatory notes.

Detailed exports of services

Travel services

In 2023:

All travel services export components rose
Travel services exports rose $34,571m (97.3%) to $70,104m. This is a record high for this series and represents 61.8% of total services exports.
Education-related travel was the largest component of travel exports at 68.2%.

Travel exports by state

Exports of travel services rose in 2023 across all states.

New South Wales rose $13,071m (104.0%)
Victoria rose $8,555m (81.5%)
Queensland rose $5,955m (104.3%)

Travel exports by state
	New South Wales ($m)	Victoria ($m)	Queensland ($m)	South Australia ($m)	Western Australia ($m)	Tasmania ($m)	Northern Territory ($m)	Australian Capital Territory ($m)
2018	21,795	17,901	10,513	2,635	4,489	1,016	541	1,389
2019	23,215	19,926	11,251	3,075	4,782	1,172	541	1,522
2020	13,421	11,929	5,759	2,115	2,520	696	254	825
2021	8,036	7,037	3,366	1,615	1,341	445	171	605
2022	12,566	10,496	5,707	2,207	2,799	521	353	884
2023	25,637	19,051	11,662	4,540	5,898	891	610	1,815

Travel exports by state

["","New South Wales","Victoria","Queensland","South Australia","Western Australia","Tasmania","Northern Territory","Australian Capital Territory"]

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Travel exports by country

In 2023, the countries with the largest increases in exports of travel services were:

China rose $7,406m (121.0%)
India rose $4,329m (84.9%)
Nepal rose $1,595m (60.2%)

Travel services exports to China was 22.1% below the pre-pandemic levels of 2019, while India and Nepal were 31.4% and 40.1% above, respectively.

Proportion of travel exports by country
2022	$m	%	2023	$m	%
China	6,119	17.2	China	13,525	19.3
India	5,096	14.3	India	9,425	13.4
Nepal	2,649	7.5	Nepal	4,244	6.1
New Zealand	1,483	4.2	New Zealand	2,478	3.5
United Kingdom	1,321	3.7	Vietnam	2,408	3.4
All other countries	18,865	53.1	All other countries	38,024	54.2
Total	35,533	100.0	Total	70,104	100.0

Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.

Education-related travel services

In 2023, education-related travel services rose $21,229m (79.8%) to $47,820m, which exceeded the pre-pandemic levels of 2019 by 19.3%.

Education-related travel rose in all states in 2023, with the largest increases in:

New South Wales which rose $8,233m (84.7%)
Victoria which rose $6,469m (77.4%)

In 2023, China was the largest export partner for education-related travel services, accounting for 23.8%.

The countries with the largest increases in exports of education-related travel services in 2023 were:

China which rose $5,425m (90.8%)
India which rose $3,697m (83.9%)
Nepal which rose $1,520m (58.9%)

Education-related travel exports to China was 9.1% below the pre-pandemic levels of 2019, while India and Nepal were 27.4% and 38.5% above, respectively.

Other personal travel services

In 2023, other personal related travel rose $11,139m (147.3%), which was 14.9% below pre-pandemic levels of 2019.

Other personal related travel rose in all states in 2023, with the largest increases in:

New South Wales which rose $4,032m (168.7%)
Queensland which rose $2,576m (151.7%)

In 2023, New Zealand was Australia’s largest export partner of other personal travel services, accounting for 10.5% of the total exports of other personal travel services.

The countries with the largest increases in exports of other personal travel services in 2023 were:

China which rose $1,658m (1,454.4%)
United States of America which rose $857m (122.4%)

China and United States remained 60.4% and 11.9% below pre-pandemic levels of 2019, respectively.

Detailed imports of services

Travel services

In 2023, imports of travel services rose $17,323m (73.8%) to $40,792m, accounting for 36.2% of total services imports.

Travel imports by state

Imports of travel services rose in 2023 for all states, with the largest increases in:

New South Wales which rose $5,237m (62.1%)
Victoria which rose $4,738m (70.2%)

Travel imports by state
	New South Wales ($m)	Victoria ($m)	Queensland ($m)	South Australia ($m)	Western Australia ($m)	Tasmania ($m)	Northern Territory ($m)	Australian Capital Territory ($m)
2018	16,971	13,562	9,005	2,232	6,408	512	416	937
2019	16,949	13,947	9,231	2,327	6,417	531	433	944
2020	3,745	2,880	2,147	473	1,409	105	96	203
2021	724	405	236	37	110	15	12	31
2022	8,433	6,750	3,986	892	2,575	202	158	471
2023	13,670	11,488	7,214	1,823	5,171	407	255	762

Travel imports by state

["","New South Wales","Victoria","Queensland","South Australia","Western Australia","Tasmania","Northern Territory","Australian Capital Territory"]

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Travel imports by country

In 2023, Indonesia was the largest import partner of Travel services which accounted for 14.0% of total travel imports, followed by New Zealand with 12.0%.

The countries with the largest increases of imports travel services in 2023 were:

Indonesia rose $2,946m (107.0%)
New Zealand rose $1,521m (45.3%)
United States of America rose $682m (35.2%)

Proportion of travel imports (a) by country
2022	$m	%	2023	$m	%
New Zealand	-3,360	14.3	Indonesia	-5,700	14.0
Indonesia	-2,754	11.7	New Zealand	-4,881	12.0
United States of America	-1,940	8.3	United States of America	-2,622	6.4
United Kingdom	-1,792	7.6	United Kingdom	-2,452	6.0
Asia, nes	-1,574	6.7	Japan	-2,222	5.4
All other countries	-12,049	51.3	All other countries	-22,915	56.2
Total	-23,469	100.0	Total	-40,792	100.0

Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals
(a) For sign conventions, see the Explanatory notes.

Transport services

In 2023, imports of transport service fell $6,400m (19.1%), driven by freight services which fell $9,418m (35.3%), as global freight capacity constraints eased. Refer to the Spotlight article on recent trends in Freight costs, May 2023. This was offset by passenger services which rose $2,823m (46.4%).

Transport services imports
	Passenger ($m)	Freight ($m)	Other ($m)	Postal and courier services ($m)
2018	7,339	10,111	886	137
2019	7,737	9,973	937	106
2020	1,750	11,309	197	133
2021	1,107	16,822	196	162
2022	6,081	26,710	531	141
2023	8,904	17,292	603	264

Transport services imports

["","Passenger","Freight","Other","Postal and courier services"]

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Data downloads

Table 1. Merchandise exports, by selected countries, by six month aggregates, FOB value, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [38.91 KB]

Table 2. Merchandise imports, by selected countries, by six month aggregates, customs value, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [38.55 KB]

Table 3. International trade in services, credits, state by calendar year, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [113.24 KB]

Table 4. International trade in services, debits, state by calendar year, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [115.52 KB]

Table 5. International trade in services, credits, calendar year by country and service, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [149.75 KB]

Table 6. International trade in services, debits, calendar year by country and service, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [148.67 KB]

Table 7. International trade in services, credits, calendar year by country and travel service, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [240 KB]

Table 8. International trade in services, debits, calendar year by country and travel service, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [216.98 KB]

Table 9. International trade in services, credits, education related travel, by education sector, by type of expenditure by calendar year, $m

Data files

Download xlsx [29.92 KB]

Changes and revisions in this issue

Reference period

Trade in services totals included in this publication are on a Balance of Payments basis and are aligned with the December 2023 issue of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia, released in March 2024.

Trade in goods imports and exports totals are on a merchandise trade basis and are aligned with the January 2024 monthly issue of International Trade in Goods, released in March 2024. Estimates for trade in goods for July 2023 to December 2023 are preliminary, all other periods represent final data.

Country name changes

All references to 'Gaza Strip and West Bank' and 'Turkey' have been updated to 'Occupied Palestinian Territories' and 'Türkiye' in the data downloads, respectively.

Additional information regarding country names is available in the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2016 publication.

Historical revisions

This publication includes historical revisions which are also included in the Australian System of National Accounts, 2022-23, released in October 2023, and the September 2023 issue of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, released in December 2023.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 5368.0.55.004.

Acknowledgement

The ABS would like to thank the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) who have provided funding and support for this publication.

Methodology

International Trade: Supplementary Information, Calendar Year methodology, 2023

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APA

International Trade: Supplementary Information, Calendar Year

APA

Key statistics

Overview

Total exports

Total imports

Trade in services

Services exports

Services exports by state

Services exports by country

Services imports

Services imports by state

Services imports by country

Detailed exports of services

Travel services

Travel exports by state

Travel exports by country

Education-related travel services

Other personal travel services

Detailed imports of services

Travel services

Travel imports by state

Travel imports by country

Transport services

Data downloads

Table 1. Merchandise exports, by selected countries, by six month aggregates, FOB value, $m

Table 2. Merchandise imports, by selected countries, by six month aggregates, customs value, $m

Table 3. International trade in services, credits, state by calendar year, $m

Table 4. International trade in services, debits, state by calendar year, $m

Table 5. International trade in services, credits, calendar year by country and service, $m

Table 6. International trade in services, debits, calendar year by country and service, $m

Table 7. International trade in services, credits, calendar year by country and travel service, $m

Table 8. International trade in services, debits, calendar year by country and travel service, $m

Table 9. International trade in services, credits, education related travel, by education sector, by type of expenditure by calendar year, $m

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