International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia

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Statistics about international trade in goods and services, on a balance of payments and international trade basis.

Reference period

April 2023

Released

8/06/2023

View all releases

Key statistics

The seasonally adjusted balance on goods and services surplus decreased $3,664m in April.
Goods and services credits (exports) fell $2,961m (5.0%) driven by Metal ores and minerals.
Goods and services debits (imports) rose $703m (1.6%) driven by Civil aircraft and confidentialised items.

Monthly Travel Services debits (imports) estimates now labelled as preliminary

The ABS is now labelling the monthly estimates of Travel Service debits as preliminary.

Recent changes in traveller spending patterns has increased the uncertainty of monthly Travel Service debit estimates. With this comes a higher risk of revisions. Please use caution when interpreting the preliminary estimates particularly estimates for the latest month.

The ABS calculates monthly estimates by using:

Overseas Arrivals and Departures (OAD) estimates for the latest month along with an average spend per traveller from the previous month.
Newly available Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) Overseas Card Payments data to replace the OAD-based estimates in the following month. The RBA data captures changes in both number of travellers and spending patterns of Australians overseas.

Quarterly travel services debits published in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia and the Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product are unaffected as all the data sources are available in time for publishing these estimates.

For more information about the compilation of monthly and quarterly Travel Services please see Enhancing Trade in Services quarterly statistics | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au)

Trade overview

Key Figures, Seasonally Adjusted
		Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Balance on goods and services		14,073	14,822	11,158	-3,664	na
	Credits (Exports of goods & services)	56,806	59,138	56,177	-2,961	-5.0
	Debits (Imports of goods & services)	-42,733	-44,316	-45,019	703	1.6

na not applicable

Balance on goods and services
	Seasonally Adjusted ($m)
Jan-22	12,519
Feb-22	7,061
Mar-22	9,155
Apr-22	12,945
May-22	14,144
Jun-22	17,248
Jul-22	8,535
Aug-22	8,731
Sep-22	12,402
Oct-22	12,162
Nov-22	13,424
Dec-22	12,337
Jan-23	11,077
Feb-23	14,073
Mar-23	14,822
Apr-23	11,158

Balance on goods and services

["","Seasonally Adjusted"]

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Balance on goods and services

In seasonally adjusted terms, the balance on goods and services was a surplus of $11,158m in April 2023, an decrease of $3,664m on the surplus in March 2023.

Balance on goods and services(a), seasonally adjusted
			Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Balance on goods and services			14,073	14,822	11,158	-3,664	na
	Total goods and services credits		56,806	59,138	56,177	-2,961	-5.0
		Total goods credits	48,905	51,048	47,459	-3,589	-7.0
		Total services credits	7,902	8,090	8,718	628	7.8
	Total goods and services debits		-42,733	-44,316	-45,019	703	1.6
		Total goods debits	-34,533	-35,897	-36,289	392	1.1
		Total services debits	-8,200	-8,419	-8,731	312	3.7

na not applicable
a. For sign conventions, see the methodology page.

Goods and services credits

Goods credits (exports), seasonally adjusted

	Seasonally Adjusted ($m)	Trend (a) ($m)
Apr-19	31,748	32,951
May-19	33,889	33,590
Jun-19	34,016	33,950
Jul-19	35,459	33,975
Aug-19	33,149	33,709
Sep-19	33,451	33,072
Oct-19	31,210	32,258
Nov-19	31,732	31,595
Dec-19	32,169	31,274
Jan-20	30,652	31,236
Feb-20	28,966	31,384
Mar-20	34,482	-
Apr-20	32,036	-
May-20	29,340	-
Jun-20	29,307	-
Jul-20	29,067	-
Aug-20	28,019	-
Sep-20	28,485	-
Oct-20	29,890	-
Nov-20	30,905	-
Dec-20	33,436	-
Jan-21	34,544	-
Feb-21	35,003	-
Mar-21	34,535	-
Apr-21	36,007	-
May-21	37,584	-
Jun-21	38,621	-
Jul-21	42,085	-
Aug-21	42,125	-
Sep-21	38,388	-
Oct-21	38,015	-
Nov-21	40,185	-
Dec-21	41,118	-
Jan-22	45,281	-
Feb-22	45,684	-
Mar-22	45,679	-
Apr-22	48,848	49,027
May-22	52,668	50,279
Jun-22	55,283	51,090
Jul-22	48,260	51,404
Aug-22	49,982	51,376
Sep-22	52,956	51,132
Oct-22	51,403	50,908
Nov-22	50,610	50,762
Dec-22	49,872	50,540
Jan-23	50,860	50,098
Feb-23	48,905	49,627
Mar-23	51,048	49,164
Apr-23	47,459	48,834

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a. Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets for this period.

Goods credits, seasonally adjusted
			Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Total goods credits			48,905	51,048	47,459	-3,589	-7.0
	General merchandise		46,722	48,994	45,812	-3,182	-6.5
		Rural goods	5,992	6,736	6,111	-625	-9.3
		Non-rural goods	40,729	42,258	39,701	-2,557	-6.1
	Net exports of goods under merchanting(a)		24	25	18	-7	-28.0
	Non-monetary gold(a)		2,159	2,029	1,629	-400	-19.7

a. This component is not seasonally adjusted.

Rural goods

Rural goods, seasonally adjusted
	Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Rural goods	5,992	6,736	6,111	-625	-9.3
	Meat and meat preparations	1,402	1,543	1,632	89	5.8
	Cereal grains and cereal preparations	1,853	2,115	1,978	-137	-6.5
	Wool and sheepskins	249	297	274	-23	-7.7
	Other rural(a)	2,488	2,782	2,226	-556	-20.0

Non-rural goods

Non-rural goods, seasonally adjusted
	Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Non-rural goods	40,729	42,258	39,701	-2,557	-6.1
	Metal ores and minerals	15,061	16,830	15,084	-1,746	-10.4
	Coal, coke and briquettes	10,407	10,511	9,769	-742	-7.1
	Other mineral fuels	8,882	8,412	8,571	159	1.9
	Metals (excl. non-monetary gold)	1,255	1,369	1,124	-245	-17.9
	Machinery	1,149	1,104	1,135	31	2.8
	Transport equipment	384	378	430	52	13.8
	Other manufactures	2,241	2,230	2,217	-13	-0.6
	Other non-rural (incl. sugar and beverages)(a)	1,080	1,173	1,130	-43	-3.7
	Goods procured in ports by carriers(b)	271	251	241	-10	-4.0

Services credits

	Seasonally Adjusted ($m)
Apr-19	8,236
May-19	8,369
Jun-19	8,417
Jul-19	8,512
Aug-19	8,660
Sep-19	8,712
Oct-19	8,784
Nov-19	8,818
Dec-19	8,767
Jan-20	8,121
Feb-20	7,430
Mar-20	6,870
Apr-20	5,457
May-20	5,622
Jun-20	5,777
Jul-20	5,263
Aug-20	5,096
Sep-20	5,292
Oct-20	5,385
Nov-20	5,465
Dec-20	5,371
Jan-21	5,269
Feb-21	5,086
Mar-21	4,944
Apr-21	5,022
May-21	5,190
Jun-21	5,333
Jul-21	4,860
Aug-21	4,771
Sep-21	4,873
Oct-21	4,700
Nov-21	4,757
Dec-21	4,796
Jan-22	5,031
Feb-22	5,047
Mar-22	5,079
Apr-22	5,603
May-22	5,879
Jun-22	6,083
Jul-22	6,454
Aug-22	6,497
Sep-22	6,890
Oct-22	6,993
Nov-22	7,482
Dec-22	7,696
Jan-23	7,839
Feb-23	7,902
Mar-23	8,090
Apr-23	8,718

["","Seasonally Adjusted"]

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Services credits, seasonally adjusted
			Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Total services credits			7,902	8,090	8,718	628	7.8
	Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others(a)		-	-	-	-	-
	Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.(a)		3	6	5	-1	-16.7
	Transport		547	585	590	5	0.9
		Passenger(b)	153	191	196	5	2.6
		Freight(c)	37	36	37	1	2.8
		Other	216	216	211	-5	-2.3
		Postal and courier services(d)	141	141	146	5	3.5
	Travel		4,588	4,747	5,401	654	13.8
	Other services		2,764	2,752	2,722	-30	-1.1
Memorandum item
	Tourism related services credits(e)		4,742	4,938	5,598	660	13.4

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
a. This component is not seasonally adjusted.
b. Passenger transportation services includes agency fees and commissions for air transport.
c. In using these seasonally adjusted series, care should be exercised because of the difficulties associated with reliably estimating the seasonal pattern.
d. Postal and courier services includes indirect commissions for sea transport.
e. For a more detailed explanation of tourism related services, see the methodology page.

Goods and services debits

Goods debits (imports), seasonally adjusted

	Seasonally Adjusted ($m)	Trend (a) ($m)
Apr-19	26,744	26,539
May-19	26,967	26,560
Jun-19	26,530	26,581
Jul-19	26,645	26,641
Aug-19	26,773	26,757
Sep-19	27,492	26,792
Oct-19	27,542	26,729
Nov-19	26,444	26,602
Dec-19	26,825	26,443
Jan-20	25,660	26,298
Feb-20	25,194	26,221
Mar-20	25,090	-
Apr-20	25,170	-
May-20	24,030	-
Jun-20	24,221	-
Jul-20	25,821	-
Aug-20	26,056	-
Sep-20	24,409	-
Oct-20	25,102	-
Nov-20	27,405	-
Dec-20	26,634	-
Jan-21	26,284	-
Feb-21	27,635	-
Mar-21	28,410	-
Apr-21	27,441	-
May-21	28,056	-
Jun-21	28,511	-
Jul-21	28,578	-
Aug-21	29,195	-
Sep-21	28,266	-
Oct-21	28,109	-
Nov-21	30,770	-
Dec-21	33,000	-
Jan-22	31,539	-
Feb-22	36,993	-
Mar-22	34,859	-
Apr-22	34,442	35,153
May-22	36,810	35,784
Jun-22	35,927	36,460
Jul-22	37,051	37,147
Aug-22	38,612	37,490
Sep-22	38,320	37,542
Oct-22	37,463	37,283
Nov-22	36,324	36,836
Dec-22	36,550	36,380
Jan-23	38,632	36,031
Feb-23	34,533	35,829
Mar-23	35,897	35,733
Apr-23	36,289	35,726

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Goods debits(a), seasonally adjusted
			Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Total goods debits			-34,533	-35,897	-36,289	392	1.1
	General merchandise debits		-33,748	-35,155	-35,842	687	2.0
		Consumption goods	-10,063	-11,547	-11,630	83	0.7
		Capital goods	-8,623	-8,451	-9,056	605	7.2
		Intermediate and other merchandise goods	-15,062	-15,157	-15,156	-1	0.0
	Non-monetary gold(b)		-785	-742	-447	-295	-39.8

a. For sign conventions, see the methodology page.
b. This component is not seasonally adjusted.

Consumption goods

Consumption goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Consumption goods	-10,063	-11,547	-11,630	83	0.7
	Food and beverages, mainly for consumption	-1,432	-1,632	-1,771	139	8.5
	Household electrical items	-617	-616	-606	-10	-1.6
	Non-industrial transport equipment	-2,486	-3,159	-3,095	-64	-2.0
	Textiles, clothing and footwear	-1,788	-1,921	-1,895	-26	-1.4
	Toys, books and leisure goods	-695	-701	-725	24	3.4
	Consumption goods n.e.s.	-3,046	-3,519	-3,538	19	0.5

Capital goods

Capital goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Capital goods	-8,623	-8,451	-9,056	605	7.2
	Machinery and industrial equipment	-2,921	-3,055	-3,198	143	4.7
	ADP equipment	-1,117	-1,052	-1,047	-5	-0.5
	Telecommunications equipment	-1,509	-1,371	-1,313	-58	-4.2
	Civil aircraft and confidentialised items(b)(c)	-510	-319	-649	330	103.4
	Industrial transport equipment n.e.s.	-1,307	-1,403	-1,608	205	14.6
	Capital goods n.e.s.(d)	-1,258	-1,252	-1,241	-11	-0.9

Intermediate and other merchandise goods

Intermediate and other merchandise goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Intermediate and other merchandise goods	-15,062	-15,157	-15,156	-1	0.0
	Food and beverages, mainly for industry	-233	-236	-239	3	1.3
	Primary industrial supplies n.e.s.(b)	-189	-216	-190	-26	-12.0
	Fuels and lubricants(c)	-5,007	-5,074	-4,981	-93	-1.8
	Parts for transport equipment	-1,392	-1,398	-1,441	43	3.1
	Parts for ADP equipment	-71	-84	-74	-10	-11.9
	Other parts for capital goods	-1,973	-2,006	-2,086	80	4.0
	Organic and inorganic chemicals	-534	-541	-515	-26	-4.8
	Paper and paperboard	-213	-235	-237	2	0.9
	Textile yarn and fabrics	-129	-138	-149	11	8.0
	Iron and steel	-341	-359	-367	8	2.2
	Plastics	-435	-456	-455	-1	-0.2
	Processed industrial supplies n.e.s.	-4,361	-4,264	-4,174	-90	-2.1
	Other merchandise goods(d)	-77	-49	-62	13	26.5
	Goods procured in ports by carriers(e)	-108	-103	-186	83	80.6

Services debits

	Seasonally Adjusted ($m)
Apr-19	8,586
May-19	8,702
Jun-19	8,542
Jul-19	8,590
Aug-19	8,662
Sep-19	8,629
Oct-19	8,625
Nov-19	8,634
Dec-19	8,939
Jan-20	8,909
Feb-20	8,816
Mar-20	6,280
Apr-20	3,882
May-20	3,875
Jun-20	3,866
Jul-20	3,752
Aug-20	3,790
Sep-20	3,725
Oct-20	3,995
Nov-20	4,125
Dec-20	4,164
Jan-21	4,011
Feb-21	4,117
Mar-21	4,149
Apr-21	4,264
May-21	4,344
Jun-21	4,435
Jul-21	4,520
Aug-21	4,592
Sep-21	4,723
Oct-21	4,931
Nov-21	5,336
Dec-21	5,621
Jan-22	6,254
Feb-22	6,677
Mar-22	6,743
Apr-22	7,064
May-22	7,592
Jun-22	8,191
Jul-22	9,128
Aug-22	9,136
Sep-22	9,124
Oct-22	8,771
Nov-22	8,344
Dec-22	8,681
Jan-23	8,990
Feb-23	8,200
Mar-23	8,419
Apr-23	8,731

["","Seasonally Adjusted"]

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[]

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Services debits(a), seasonally adjusted
			Feb-23 ($m)	Mar-23 ($m)	Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 ($m)	Mar-23 to Apr-23 (%)
Total services debits			-8,200	-8,419	-8,731	312	3.7
	Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others(b)		-	-	-	-	-
	Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.(b)		-46	-43	-25	-18	-41.9
	Transport		-2,279	-2,297	-2,352	55	2.4
		Passenger(c)	-682	-689	-687	-2	-0.3
		Freight	-1,527	-1,538	-1,559	21	1.4
		Other(b)	-50	-50	-90	40	80.0
		Postal and courier services(d)(e)	-20	-20	-16	-4	-20.0
	Travel(f)		-2,441	-2,629	-2,874	245	9.3
	Other services		-3,434	-3,450	-3,480	30	0.9
Memorandum item
	Tourism related services debits(g)		-3,123	-3,317	-3,560	243	7.3

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
a. For sign conventions, see the methodology page.
b. This component is not seasonally adjusted.
c. Passenger services includes agency fees and commissions for air transport.
d. Postal and courier services includes indirect commissions for sea transport.
e. In using these seasonally adjusted series, care should be exercised because of the difficulties associated with reliably estimating the seasonal pattern.
f. Monthly estimates of Travel Service debits are now labelled preliminary.
g. For a more detailed explanation of tourism related services, see the methodology page.

Supplementary information

Selected commodities

Selected commodities, quantities (a)
	Nov-22 (%)	Dec-22 (%)	Jan-23 (%)	Feb-23 (%)	Mar-23 (%)	Apr-23 (%)
Iron ore - Lump	1.7	8.5	-8.1	-17.7	17.2	-5.2
Iron ore - Fines	1.2	5.9	-7.7	-13.4	19.7	-11.3
Coal - Hard coking	5.3	2.2	-15.5	-13.6	26.3	-0.6
Coal - Semi-soft	6.0	4.2	-14.9	-22.0	20.9	5.3
Coal - Thermal	-9.2	28.7	-12.0	-9.2	23.9	-10.2
Gas - LNG	-4.9	2.7	-0.6	-5.9	7.8	-6.2

a. Data in this table is on a revised international merchandise trade basis.

Selected commodities, unit values (a)
	Nov-22 (%)	Dec-22 (%)	Jan-23 (%)	Feb-23 (%)	Mar-23 (%)	Apr-23 (%)
Iron ore - Lump	-7.5	11.6	6.2	4.4	2.7	-0.3
Iron ore - Fines	-3.0	13.9	8.0	2.9	5.0	-2.5
Coal - Hard coking	-0.4	-3.4	-3.5	18.6	2.5	-29.0
Coal - Semi-soft	-7.7	-1.8	-4.0	5.6	-1.1	-8.8
Coal - Thermal	-2.7	-10.3	-6.7	-9.2	-20.6	-4.4
Gas - LNG	-14.7	0.9	-0.6	-12.2	-5.6	-10.0

a. Data in this table is on a revised international merchandise trade basis and excludes value adjustments applied to balance of payments series.

Selected commodity movements

On an international merchandise trade basis, in original terms (noting the footnote in the above table), between March 2023 and April 2023 the largest movements recorded for the following selected commodities were:

Iron ore (lump), movement by country, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
Iron ore (lump) - Total movement	-165	-5.5	-5.2	-0.3
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)	-329	-13.0	-11.5	-1.7
Indonesia	-21	-70.8	-69.2	-5.2
Taiwan	26	23.7	31.2	-5.7
Vietnam	40	515.2	529.9	-2.3
Korea, Republic of (South)	95	129.9	125.6	1.9

Iron ore (fines), movement by country, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
Iron ore (fines) - Total movement	-1,230	-13.5	-11.3	-2.5
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)	-1,223	-15.4	-11.9	-4.0
Indonesia	-61	-50.9	-51.7	1.6
Malaysia	-28	-62.3	-65.5	9.3
Japan	21	6.3	-10.5	18.7
Vietnam	43	43.8	37.7	4.4

Hard coking (high rank) coal, movement by country, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
High rank coal - Total movement	-1,131	-29.4	-0.6	-29.0
India	-425	-33.7	3.0	-35.6
Japan	-298	-38.4	-8.8	-32.4
Netherlands	-223	-53.3	-21.4	-40.6
Vietnam	-88	-41.2	-10.7	-34.2
Spain	125	-	-	-

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

Semi soft coal, movement by country, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
Semi soft coal - Total movement	-58	-4.0	5.3	-8.8
Japan	-148	-28.1	-19.4	-10.8
Netherlands	-95	-77.5	-81.4	21.2
Spain	-52	-100.0	-100.0	-
Korea, Republic of (South)	90	32.5	52.0	-12.9
France (includes Andorra and Monaco)	100	-	-	-

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

Thermal coal, movement by country, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
Thermal coal - Total movement	-662	-14.2	-10.2	-4.4
Japan	-849	-36.2	-34.4	-2.7
Korea, Republic of (South)	-135	-41.0	-39.9	-1.8
Vietnam	-89	-38.1	-35.3	-4.3
Singapore	84	524.9	448.0	14.0
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan)	172	28.4	16.7	10.0

Liquid Natural Gas, total movement, Mar-23 to Apr-23
	Value ($m)	Value (%)	Quantity (%)	Unit Value (%)
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) - Total movement	-1,111	-15.6	-6.2	-10.0

Selected commodities, quantity and unit value analysis - International merchandise trade basis: Original terms

International merchandise trade exports data presented in the above tables are based on information reported by exporters to the Department of Home Affairs (Home Affairs). For commodities such as iron ore and coal, newly negotiated contract prices are not fully reflected in data first reported to Home Affairs. Final quantity and/or unit price information is updated progressively in international merchandise trade data as exporters revise the information provided to Home Affairs. When additional information for these commodities is available, the ABS may adjust the data to reflect actual transaction values.

Unit values in this publication are presented in Australian dollar terms. Movements in the unit values for some commodities incorporate movements in the United States dollar prices reported to Home Affairs and movements in the Australian dollar to United States dollar exchange rate.

Value adjustments

Goods credits on an international merchandise trade basis

On a merchandise trade basis, adjustments have been applied to iron ore lump and iron ore fines. When actual final transaction prices become available estimates are replaced with these data. For price and volume details, see the Selected commodities section.

Iron Ore Adjustment, Original Terms
	Oct-22($m)	Nov-22($m)	Dec-22($m)	Jan-23($m)	Feb-23($m)	Mar-23($m)	Apr-23($m)
Iron ore lump	0	0	20	15	0	-75	-25
Iron ore fines	-5	35	20	10	10	65	-100

Goods credits on a balance of payments basis

Coal (in original terms)

On a balance of payments basis, adjustments have been applied to the coal, coke and briquettes component in November (+$10m), December (+$35m) 2022, January (+$60m), February (+$55m), March (+$1,480m) and April (+$1,450m) 2023 This adjustment takes into account additional information on the unit value of hard coking, semi-soft and thermal coal exports. All previous adjustments have been removed.

In the international merchandise trade series, the unit value of coal, coke and briquettes fell 10.2% between February 2023 and March 2023 and fell 13.9% between March 2023 and April 2023.

In the balance of payments series, the unit value of coal, coke and briquettes fell 2.8% between February 2023 and March 2023 and fell 6.7% between March 2023 and April 2023.

International merchandise trade exports data presented in this publication are based on information reported by exporters to the Department of Home Affairs (Home Affairs). At the time of initial reporting to Home Affairs, the final prices at which transactions take place are not known for some commodities. Final quantity and/or unit price information is updated progressively in international merchandise trade data as exporters revise the information provided to Home Affairs.

For commodities such as iron ore and coal, newly negotiated contract prices are not fully reflected in data first reported to Home Affairs. When additional information on quantity and/or unit price for these commodities is available, the ABS may adjust the data to reflect actual transaction values.

Iron ore adjustments are applied on an international merchandise trade basis at the Australian Harmonized Export Commodity Classification (AHECC) level. Coal, coke and briquettes are adjusted on a balance of payments basis in current price, original terms. When actual final transaction prices become available estimates are replaced with these data.

In most instances, transfer of ownership occurs when goods cross the customs frontier. In certain circumstances the change of ownership of large value capital expenditure items can occur prior to the items crossing the customs frontier. The ABS may adjust the relevant balance of payments series to record the timing when transfer of ownership was affected.

Revisions

Confidential Commodities List

COVID-19 in this publication

Extraordinary Annual Seasonal Review (EASR)

In early 2020, the ABS advised that the method used to produce seasonally adjusted estimates would be changed from the ‘concurrent adjustment’ method to the ‘forward factors’ method for series with significant and prolonged impacts from COVID-19. This process ensured that disruption to series caused by COVID-19 did not unduly affect estimates of the seasonal factors. Further information can be found here: Methods changes during COVID-19 period. Given the ongoing disruption during the COVID-19 period and continuing use of forward factors, extraordinary annual reviews of seasonally adjusted series were introduced across the ABS statistics programs.

The extraordinary annual review process assesses each series individually to determine how observations from 2020, 2021 and 2022 should be treated and determine the most appropriate approach (concurrent adjustment or forward factors) for estimating seasonal adjustment factors in the immediate future. For some series, reverting back to the concurrent seasonal adjustment method from forward factors may result in larger revisions as the forward factors are annually updated from previous year’s observations.

From the March 2023 publication onwards, the forward factors method will no longer be used and the concurrent seasonal adjustment method has been reinstated for all monthly Balance of Payments series.

Suspension of trend estimates

The trend series attempts to measure underlying behaviour in international trade activity. In the short term, this measurement will be significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent changes to regular patterns in international trade resulting from it. If the trend estimates in this publication were to be calculated without fully accounting for this unusual event, they would provide a misleading view of underlying international trade activity.

It may be some time before the underlying trend in international trade activity can be accurately estimated. The trend series has therefore been suspended for Services credits and debits from March 2019 and will be reinstated when more certainty emerges.

The trend series for Goods credits and debits have been reviewed and reinstated.

Data downloads

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Time series spreadsheets

Data files

Table 1. Goods and services, summary - seasonally adjusted and trend estimates, current prices
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Table 2. Goods and services, summary - original, current prices
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Table 3. Goods credits, original, current prices
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Table 4. Goods debits, original, current prices
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Table 5. Goods credits, seasonally adjusted, current prices
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Table 6. Goods debits, seasonally adjusted, current prices
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Table 7. Goods credits, trend estimates, current prices
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Table 8. Goods debits, trend estimates, current prices
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Table 9. Services, summary - original, current prices
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Table 10. Services, summary - seasonally adjusted and trend estimates, current prices
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Table 12a. Merchandise exports, standard international trade classification (1 and 2 digit), FOB value
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Table 12b. Merchandise exports, standard international trade classification (3 digit), FOB value
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Table 13a. Merchandise imports, standard international trade classification (1 and 2 digit), customs value
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Table 13b. Merchandise imports, standard international trade classification (3 digit), customs value
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Table 14a. Merchandise exports, by country, FOB value
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Table 14b. Merchandise imports, by country, customs value
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Table 15a. Merchandise exports, state and Australia, FOB value
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Table 15b. Merchandise imports, state and Australia, customs value
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Table 16. Period average exchange rates, units of foreign currency per Australian dollar
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Table 17. Summary of revisions, goods and services
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Table 31. Merchandise exports, broad economic category, FOB value
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Table 32a. Merchandise exports, industry (ANZSIC 2006), FOB value
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Table 32b. Merchandise exports, industry (ANZSIC 1993), FOB value
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Table 33. Merchandise imports, broad economic category, customs value
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Table 34. Merchandise imports, balance of payments broad economic category, customs value
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Table 35a. Merchandise imports, industry (ANZSIC 2006), customs value
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Table 35b. Merchandise imports, industry (ANZSIC 1993), customs value
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Table 36a. Merchandise exports, state of origin New South Wales, by country, FOB value
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Table 36b. Merchandise exports, state of origin Victoria, by country, FOB value
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Table 36c. Merchandise exports, state of origin Queensland, by country, FOB value
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Table 36d. Merchandise exports, state of origin South Australia, by country, FOB value
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Table 36e. Merchandise exports, state of origin Western Australia, by country, FOB value
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Table 36f. Merchandise exports, state of origin Tasmania, by country, FOB value
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Table 36g. Merchandise exports, state of origin Northern Territory, by country, FOB value
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Table 36h. Merchandise exports, state of origin Australian Capital Territory, by country, FOB value
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Table 36i. Merchandise exports, state of origin not available, by country, FOB value
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Table 36j. Merchandise exports, re-exports, by country, FOB value
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Table 37a. Merchandise imports, state of destination New South Wales, by country, customs value
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Table 37b. Merchandise imports, state of destination Victoria, by country, customs value
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Table 37c. Merchandise imports, state of destination Queensland, by country, customs value
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Table 37d. Merchandise imports, state of destination South Australia, by country, customs value
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Table 37e. Merchandise imports, state of destination Western Australia, by country, customs value
Download xlsx [432.32 KB]
Table 37f. Merchandise imports, state of destination Tasmania, by country, customs value
Download xlsx [381.05 KB]
Table 37g. Merchandise imports, state of destination Northern Territory, by country, customs value
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Table 37h. Merchandise imports, state of destination Australian Capital Territory, by country, customs value
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Table 37i. Merchandise imports, state of destination not available, by country, customs value
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Table 91. Monthly combined seasonal adjustment factors
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Table 92. Confidential commodities list
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Download all (402.3 KB)

Data Cubes

Data files

Table 18. Balance of payments broad economic categories (detailed level), by country, latest 7 months, customs value, ($million)
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Table 19. Balance of payments broad economic categories (1 and 2 digit), by country, latest 7 months, customs value, ($million)
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Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 5368.0.

Methodology

International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia methodology, April 2023

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APA

International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Monthly Travel Services debits (imports) estimates now labelled as preliminary

Trade overview

Balance on goods and services

Goods and services credits

Goods credits (exports), seasonally adjusted

Rural goods

Non-rural goods

Services credits

Goods and services debits

Goods debits (imports), seasonally adjusted

Consumption goods

Capital goods

Intermediate and other merchandise goods

Services debits

Supplementary information

Selected commodities

Selected commodity movements

Selected commodities, quantity and unit value analysis - International merchandise trade basis: Original terms

Value adjustments

Goods credits on an international merchandise trade basis

Goods credits on a balance of payments basis

Revisions

Confidential Commodities List

Confidential Commodities List

COVID-19 in this publication

Extraordinary Annual Seasonal Review (EASR)

Suspension of trend estimates

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Table 1. Goods and services, summary - seasonally adjusted and trend estimates, current prices

Table 2. Goods and services, summary - original, current prices

Table 3. Goods credits, original, current prices

Table 4. Goods debits, original, current prices

Table 5. Goods credits, seasonally adjusted, current prices

Table 6. Goods debits, seasonally adjusted, current prices

Table 7. Goods credits, trend estimates, current prices

Table 8. Goods debits, trend estimates, current prices

Table 9. Services, summary - original, current prices

Table 10. Services, summary - seasonally adjusted and trend estimates, current prices

Table 12a. Merchandise exports, standard international trade classification (1 and 2 digit), FOB value

Table 12b. Merchandise exports, standard international trade classification (3 digit), FOB value

Table 13a. Merchandise imports, standard international trade classification (1 and 2 digit), customs value

Table 13b. Merchandise imports, standard international trade classification (3 digit), customs value

Table 14a. Merchandise exports, by country, FOB value

Table 14b. Merchandise imports, by country, customs value

Table 15a. Merchandise exports, state and Australia, FOB value

Table 15b. Merchandise imports, state and Australia, customs value

Table 16. Period average exchange rates, units of foreign currency per Australian dollar

Table 17. Summary of revisions, goods and services

Table 31. Merchandise exports, broad economic category, FOB value

Table 32a. Merchandise exports, industry (ANZSIC 2006), FOB value

Table 32b. Merchandise exports, industry (ANZSIC 1993), FOB value

Table 33. Merchandise imports, broad economic category, customs value

Table 34. Merchandise imports, balance of payments broad economic category, customs value

Table 35a. Merchandise imports, industry (ANZSIC 2006), customs value

Table 35b. Merchandise imports, industry (ANZSIC 1993), customs value

Table 36a. Merchandise exports, state of origin New South Wales, by country, FOB value

Table 36b. Merchandise exports, state of origin Victoria, by country, FOB value

Table 36c. Merchandise exports, state of origin Queensland, by country, FOB value

Table 36d. Merchandise exports, state of origin South Australia, by country, FOB value

Table 36e. Merchandise exports, state of origin Western Australia, by country, FOB value

Table 36f. Merchandise exports, state of origin Tasmania, by country, FOB value

Table 36g. Merchandise exports, state of origin Northern Territory, by country, FOB value

Table 36h. Merchandise exports, state of origin Australian Capital Territory, by country, FOB value

Table 36i. Merchandise exports, state of origin not available, by country, FOB value

Table 36j. Merchandise exports, re-exports, by country, FOB value

Table 37a. Merchandise imports, state of destination New South Wales, by country, customs value

Table 37b. Merchandise imports, state of destination Victoria, by country, customs value

Table 37c. Merchandise imports, state of destination Queensland, by country, customs value

Table 37d. Merchandise imports, state of destination South Australia, by country, customs value

Table 37e. Merchandise imports, state of destination Western Australia, by country, customs value

Table 37f. Merchandise imports, state of destination Tasmania, by country, customs value

Table 37g. Merchandise imports, state of destination Northern Territory, by country, customs value

Table 37h. Merchandise imports, state of destination Australian Capital Territory, by country, customs value

Table 37i. Merchandise imports, state of destination not available, by country, customs value

Table 91. Monthly combined seasonal adjustment factors