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Details on the tonnages of freight moved into and out of Australia by sea and air are shown below.
Sea freight activity
The nature of Australia's trade means that the weight of exports (for example, coal, iron ore, and agricultural products) far exceeds that of imports. Most of the tonnage of exports and imports is shipped by bulk carriers or tankers.
Between 1997-98 and 2001-02 the weight of total exports moved by sea increased by 18.3%, from 428 million tonnes to 506 million tonnes (table 23.14). Tonnages of food and live animal exports rose every year between 1997-98 and 2000-01, before falling by 7% in 2001-02 to 28 million tonnes. The export of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials has risen consistently in the five years to 2001-02 (from 181 million tonnes to 223 million tonnes). This commodity group also accounted for the greatest proportion of total exports by weight for 2001-02 (44.1%), whereas for previous years the greatest proportion of tonnage of sea freight exports was of commodities classified to crude materials, inedible, except fuels. The other commodity group, the export of which has increased every year between 1997-98 and 2001-02, is beverages and tobacco.
The weight of total imports increased by 11.4% between 1997-98 and 2001-02, from 52 million tonnes to 58 million tonnes. Over this period beverages and tobacco imports rose by 56.2%, miscellaneous manufactured articles imports by 45%, food and live animal imports by 35.5%, and imports of manufactured goods classified chiefly by material by 23.3%.
23.14 INTERNATIONAL SEA FREIGHT
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| 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 |
Commodity group | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes |
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EXPORTS |
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Food and live animals | 28,087 | 28,920 | 29,910 | 30,369 | 28,239 |
Beverages and tobacco | 406 | 432 | 576 | 805 | 884 |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 197,863 | 192,479 | 207,784 | 222,897 | 221,780 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials | 180,900 | 186,903 | 198,148 | 218,191 | 223,125 |
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes | 414 | 474 | 455 | 484 | 689 |
Chemicals and related products n.e.c. | 1,307 | 1,336 | 1,423 | 1,949 | 1,725 |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material | 7,507 | 7,891 | 7,702 | 6,836 | 12,100 |
Machinery and transport equipment | 569 | 573 | 629 | 941 | 800 |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 144 | 152 | 202 | 301 | 296 |
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a) | 10,530 | 13,392 | 15,861 | 13,431 | 16,540 |
Total | 427,726 | 432,551 | 462,690 | 496,204 | 506,179 |
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IMPORTS |
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Food and live animals | 1,327 | 1,362 | 1,443 | 1,565 | 1,798 |
Beverages and tobacco | 185 | 198 | 243 | 311 | 289 |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 8,979 | 8,163 | 8,045 | 7,863 | 8,076 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials | 24,321 | 28,917 | 26,952 | 26,369 | 27,035 |
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes | 215 | 208 | 225 | 233 | 245 |
Chemicals and related products n.e.c. | 7,951 | 8,289 | 9,196 | 8,929 | 9,234 |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material | 5,255 | 5,406 | 6,327 | 5,640 | 6,478 |
Machinery and transport equipment | 2,409 | 2,352 | 2,654 | 2,372 | 2,512 |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 959 | 1,090 | 1,204 | 1,221 | 1,391 |
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a) | 263 | 246 | 73 | 77 | 742 |
Total | 51,863 | 56,232 | 56,361 | 54,579 | 57,798 |
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(a) Standard International Trade Classification. |
Source: ABS data available on request, International Trade Special Data Service. |
Air freight activity
The tonnage of total cargo moved into Australia by air fell by 12.4% in 2001 over the previous year (table 23.15). Tonnage of outgoing freight continued to exceed that of incoming freight (by 20.9% in 2001). In contrast, the tonnage of mail moved out of Australia in 2001 (which increased by 3.9% on 2000 levels) remained 5.9% less than the tonnage of incoming mail (which fell by 4.6% from 2000). In 2001, the Australian airlines accounted for 24.6% of incoming and 29.3% of outgoing cargo.
23.15 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA(a)
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| 2000 | 2001 |
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| Freight | Mail | Total cargo | Freight | Mail | Total cargo |
Type of traffic | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes |
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TRAFFIC TO AUSTRALIA |
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Qantas Airways Limited | 76,526 | 5,476 | 82,002 | 63,724 | 5,762 | 69,486 |
Ansett Australia | 7,597 | 306 | 7,903 | 5,361 | 143 | 5,504 |
Other airlines | 247,972 | 9,760 | 257,732 | 220,638 | 8,917 | 229,555 |
All airlines | 332,095 | 15,542 | 347,637 | 289,723 | 14,822 | 304,545 |
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TRAFFIC FROM AUSTRALIA |
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Qantas Airways Limited | 83,426 | 11,560 | 94,986 | 88,034 | 12,430 | 100,464 |
Ansett Australia | 8,499 | 12 | 8,511 | 6,256 | 9 | 6,265 |
Other airlines | 255,927 | 1,850 | 257,777 | 256,088 | 1,508 | 257,596 |
All airlines | 347,852 | 13,422 | 361,274 | 350,379 | 13,946 | 364,325 |
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(a) Includes Norfolk Island. |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
Table 23.16 shows the main origin/destination pairs for freight moving into and out of Australia. The tonnage of freight carried fell by 5.9% between 2000 and 2001. The Auckland/Sydney route remains the major contributor, accounting for 7.7% of the total freight carried. The Singapore/Perth and Singapore/Sydney routes recorded the most significant increases in 2001 (8.1% and 4.0% respectively).
23.16 FREIGHT CARRIED, By city pairs(a)
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| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
| tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes |
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Auckland/Sydney | 54,849 | 54,047 | 50,090 | 49,142 |
Singapore/Melbourne | 34,935 | 51,096 | 48,574 | 48,457 |
Singapore/Sydney | 38,758 | 43,689 | 46,313 | 48,164 |
Hong Kong/Sydney | 36,789 | 34,252 | 33,976 | 30,658 |
Los Angeles/Sydney | 26,500 | 36,061 | 32,721 | 27,672 |
Auckland/Melbourne | 32,199 | 34,722 | 29,559 | 30,355 |
Singapore/Perth | 26,160 | 27,436 | 27,822 | 30,073 |
Hong Kong/Melbourne | 23,821 | 26,031 | 25,879 | 23,632 |
Seoul/Sydney | 11,399 | 12,316 | 18,792 | 16,973 |
Singapore/Brisbane | 11,823 | 14,988 | 18,337 | 18,293 |
Other city pairs | 334,674 | 346,878 | 347,887 | 316,684 |
All city pairs | 631,908 | 681,515 | 679,948 | 640,102 |
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(a) The table does not necessarily show the final origin/destination of freight. For example, all freight going to or coming from Europe would require a stopover, generally in Asia. |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
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