The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Agricultural Adviser

• Agricultural Extension Officer
• Landcare Officer

• Provides advice and guidance to farmers and agricultural businesses on best practices for production, processing and distribution of farm products
• Conducts research and analysis on agricultural trends and market conditions
• Evaluates farming operations for efficiency
• Develops and implements strategies to improve productivity and profitability
• Provides recommendations on land use, crop selection and livestock management
• Assists in the development and implementation of sustainable farming practices
• Advises farmers on issues such as livestock and crop disease, control of pests and weeds, soil improvement, animal husbandry and feeding programs
• Collaborates with government agencies and industry organisations to develop and implement agricultural policies and programs
• Conducts training and workshops for farmers and agricultural workers

Aquaculture and Fisheries Scientists are excluded from this occupation. Aquaculture and Fisheries Scientists are included in Occupation 244134 Aquaculture or Fisheries Scientist.

• Agricultural Scientist

• Research Agronomist

• Researches and studies the environmental factors affecting commercial crop production, pasture growth and animal breeding
• Researches and studies the effects of cultivation techniques, soils, insects and plant diseases on animal and crop production
• Develops procedures and techniques for solving agricultural or horticultural problems, and improving the efficiency of production
• Designs and conducts experiments to test new farming methods and technologies
• Collaborates with farmers and industry stakeholders to prioritise research needs
• Writes research proposals and secures funding for agricultural research projects, and presents findings at conferences and publishes them in scientific journals
• Provides technical advice and support to farmers on best practices for crop cultivation and animal husbandry
• Develops and implements strategies for sustainable agriculture and resource management

Research agronomists are excluded from this occupation. Research agronomists are included in Occupation 244132 Agricultural Research Scientist.

• Animal Nutritionist
• Sales Agronomist

• Collects and analyses data, and conducts research on factors affecting crop and livestock production
• Advises Farmers and Farm Managers about techniques for improving the production of crops and livestock
• Advises farmers on issues such as livestock and crop disease, weed, pest and disease control, soil improvement, and animal husbandry and feeding programs
• Studies environmental factors affecting commercial crop production, pasture growth and animal breeding
• Studies the effects of cultivation techniques, soils, insects and plant diseases on animal and crop production
• Develops procedures and techniques for solving agricultural problems and improving the efficiency of production

Marine Biologists are excluded from this occupation. Marine Biologists are included in Occupation 244634 Marine Biologist.

• Aquaculture or Fisheries Research Scientist

• Conducts research on marine and aquatic plants, animals, ecosystems and aquaculture techniques, and publishes findings in scientific journals and presents them at conferences and seminars
• Studies environmental and other factors affecting commercial aquaculture or fisheries
• Manages aquatic resources to maximise their long-term commercial, recreational and environmental benefits for the community
• Assesses the stock of aquatic wild harvest and aquaculture to determine productivity levels
• Develops and implements strategies to enhance wild harvest and aquaculture productivity
• Investigates and develops new methods and technologies for harvesting fish and plants
• Monitors and evaluates the environmental impact of fishing and aquaculture activities
• Collects and analyses data on fish populations and water quality
• Provides advice and recommendations to government agencies and industry stakeholders

• Forestry Consultant
• Research Forester

• Contributes to plans for forest management and operations, which may include silviculture, pest and disease management, forest production, harvesting, haulage, road construction, reforestation and/or regeneration activities
• Collects, reviews and uses data such as forest area, species, volumes of timber and growth rates, for forest management purposes
• Manages the use and sale of forest products such as timber
• Investigates, plans and implements management procedures to mitigate the impacts of natural disasters, pests and diseases on forests, including planning and managing fire prevention, and detection and suppression activities such as prescribed burning
• Develops and maintains relationships with stakeholders such as recreational forest users and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, and advises governments and clients on forest management strategies
• Maintains organisational policies and processes to comply with environmental, safety and quality standards and regulations, including forest certification
• May study the propagation and culture of forest trees, methods for improving the growth of stock, and the effects of thinning on forest yields

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Analytical Chemist
• Industrial Chemist
• Quality Control Chemist

• Designs and conducts experiments to identify chemical composition, energy and chemical changes in natural substances and processed materials
• Researches and analyses the chemical composition, properties and structure of matter to develop or improve existing theories, methods and processes
• Ensures laboratory experiments in chemistry follow protocols and regulations, and meet quality control standards
• Studies, analyses and tests chemistry research processes for application in product improvement or development
• May develop and improve products, chemical formulas, methods and processes for use at an industrial scale
• May study, analyse and model the operations of a chemical plant

• Food Scientist

• Studies the properties of food to support the development of new products or to improve existing food products
• Develops, manages and maintains quality systems for food processing
• Designs and improves food processing and packaging methods to increase efficiency and reduce costs
• Ensures food safety and quality by testing and analysing samples of raw materials, ingredients and finished products
• Tests food products to ensure compliance with health regulatory frameworks and quality standards
• Develops new methods for food preservation, such as freezing, canning and drying
• Conducts research to create new food products and improve the quality, safety and nutritional value of food

• Oenologist

• Studies, develops and improves models used in the processing and blending of wine to improve or create new products
• Tests and monitors the quality of grapes at different stages of production to assess ripeness, sugar and acid content to identify the ideal time for harvesting
• Liaises with vineyard personnel or contract growers to provide grapes, and advises on how to maintain their integrity for processing
• Conducts laboratory and taste tests on wine samples to study and improve wine quality
• Plans and oversees the wine bottling process to ensure safety and quality standards are met

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Undertakes biodiversity monitoring and threatened species management programs using scientific techniques coupled with traditional ecological and cultural knowledge
• Conducts cultural burning and wildfire suppression
• Shares traditional skills and knowledge in partnership with research, education, philanthropic and commercial organisations to contribute to environmental research and activities
• Engages with visitors and community groups to facilitate traditional knowledge transfer and increase cultural awareness
• Provides cultural and heritage site management
• Undertakes weed and feral animal control and environmental regeneration activities
• Monitors waters and controls marine debris such as ghost nets
• May participate in biosecurity and fisheries compliance activities

• Environmental Officer

• Landcare Facilitator

• Evaluates habitat, wildlife and fisheries needs, and formulates short-term and long-term management goals and objectives
• Ensures compliance with laws and regulations to conserve aquatic life, vegetation, wildlife and other natural assets
• Develops, reviews and manages policies, procedures and programs to achieve conservation and protection of natural assets
• Coordinates and manages conservation and rehabilitation projects
• Liaises with relevant rights holders and stakeholders in the development and implementation of conservation activities

• Studies interactions such as competition, cooperation and predation between species
• Investigates local and global ecosystems, including how species respond to environmental challenges and climate change
• Develops, plans and conducts field research and ecological monitoring surveys
• Utilises remote sensing and modelling to track ecosystems and predict the impact of biodiversity shifts in natural systems
• Researches how changes in habitat connectivity and patterns of natural and human disturbance impact species and biodiversity over time
• Provides advice on ecological restoration practices to repair ecosystems that have been degraded or damaged through natural processes or activities such as agriculture, construction, forestry and mining
• Plans, conducts and monitors reintroductions of locally extinct species

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land and Sea Rangers and Council Rangers are excluded from this occupation. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land and Sea Rangers are included in Occupation 244331 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land and Sea Ranger. Council Rangers are included in Occupation 591132 Council Ranger.

• Implements policies and organises activities in designated parks and other areas to conserve and protect natural and cultural heritage
• Participates in management planning by providing environmental information and making inventories of plants, animals and items of cultural and heritage significance
• Constructs, installs and maintains park assets such as management trails, signage, walking tracks and visitor facilities
• Undertakes pest and weed, marine debris, and fire management programs, and may participate in wildfire responses
• Conducts rehabilitation, restoration and threatened species management programs to conserve and maintain park values and assets
• Provides visitor services and education about the park environment
• Monitors for, and reports on, illegal activities such as illegal fishing or timber gathering
• May undertake compliance and enforcement activities

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

Environmental officers are excluded from this occupation. Environmental officers are included in Occupation 244332 Conservation Officer.

• Environmental Adviser

• Closure Planner

• Prepares environmental impact assessments for a wide range of development projects
• Proposes solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of development projects
• Reviews, develops, improves and implements environmental management strategies
• Provides advice to improve the sustainability performance of organisations
• Advises government and non-government organisations on environmental best practice

Ecologists are excluded from this occupation. Ecologists are included in Occupation 244333 Ecologist.

• Environmental Scientist

• Water Quality Analyst

• Studies, records and analyses atmospheric conditions, demographic characteristics, and air, mineral, soil and water samples
• Examines the impact of human activity on the environment and creates plans to reduce these impacts
• Investigates the source of adverse environmental factors such as air and water pollution, and land degradation
• Develops conservation and environmental rehabilitation plans to prevent, reduce or remediate the impacts of activities such as agriculture, construction, forestry and mining
• Develops and leads environmental sustainability projects
• Plans, conducts and manages environmental research and monitoring projects

• Environmental Educator
• Soil Scientist

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Engineering Geologist
• Exploration Geologist
• Geochemist
• Mine Geologist
• Petrophysicist
• Project Geologist
• Research Geologist

• Studies physical attributes of the surface and subsurface of the Earth or other planetary bodies
• Studies the different chemical and physical processes involved in the evolution of the Earth or other planetary bodies
• Collects Earth or planetary materials, and analyses their composition, structure and other physical properties
• Studies and analyses the properties of reservoirs and deposits of resources such as oil, gas or minerals, to estimate their volumes and potential for extraction
• Estimates how rocks, fossils and other geological materials formed, and infers their age and the conditions in which they formed
• Builds an understanding of the evolution of the Earth or other planetary bodies and how it may impact upon people
• Studies and monitors the effects of anthropogenic processes such as resource extraction on Earth or other planetary bodies

• Oceanographer

• Studies, measures and analyses seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal and magnetic forces, and other physical attributes of the Earth or other planetary bodies
• Designs and improves methods and procedures for geophysical measurement, data collection and data processing
• Plans, analyses and assesses geophysical surveys to assist in locating and understanding water, petroleum and other mineral-bearing sources
• Studies the internal structure of the Earth or other planetary bodies to understand their composition, and predict volcanic and tectonic activity and their associated risks
• Studies the physical conditions and processes of oceans, such as density, temperature, water currents, and the interactions of the atmosphere and the ocean

• Hydrogeologist
• Groundwater Modeller

• Collects, analyses and interprets groundwater or surface water data
• Studies the distribution, and physical and chemical properties of surface water and groundwater
• Identifies the location of groundwater reservoirs and other water bodies, and assists in their exploration
• Studies the quality of water, and develops methods to ensure water is safe for human consumption or other applications
• Assists in the planning and development of water supply to urban areas
• Uses models to predict the impact of human activities such as mining and construction on groundwater and surface water, and advises on the avoidance or mitigation of those impacts

Ecologists are excluded from this unit group. Ecologists are included in Occupation 244333 Ecologist.

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Bioinformatician
• Molecular Biologist

• Studies, analyses and manipulates genes to develop new drugs
• Analyses and models large datasets of molecular and genomic sequences to identify patterns
• Researches, develops and creates new products in biotechnology
• Identifies and improves industrial use of genetic attributes of cells and organisms
• Uses computational methods to develop new, or improve existing, software tools and algorithms used in the analysis of large datasets of biological data
• Researches, develops and improves biodegradable materials
• Genetically modifies crops to improve pest resistance and increase productivity

• Plant Pathologist

• Studies and researches the life cycle of plants
• Identifies, classifies and records plant species
• Identifies and studies diseases and disorders of plants
• Studies, researches and assesses the effect of environmental factors on plant growth and distribution
• Manages botanical collections
• Monitors plant populations and their distribution

• Entomologist (Biosecurity)
• Medical Entomologist

• Collects, analyses and classifies insect specimens
• Develops and conducts experimental studies with insects
• Studies the characteristics of insects and their interactions with other animals and their environment
• Estimates, monitors and manages insect populations
• Investigates and assesses risks posed by insects
• Plans insect control programs, and creates risk mitigation strategies to protect the environment and human health

Aquaculture or Fisheries Scientists are excluded from this occupation. Aquaculture or Fisheries Scientists are included in Occupation 244134 Aquaculture or Fisheries Scientist.

• Collects and analyses samples to assess environmental effects on marine life
• Studies breeding patterns, physiological processes, behaviour and other characteristics of marine organisms
• Estimates, monitors and manages populations of marine life
• Assesses the impact of human activities on marine life
• Develops, conducts and improves breeding programs to support endangered species of marine life

Medical microbiologists are excluded from this occupation. Medical microbiologists are included in Occupation 244731 Medical Laboratory Scientist.

• Studies microorganisms in a range of environments to learn about their behaviour
• Studies, identifies and monitors physiological and morphological characteristics of microorganisms
• Develops and improves methods to prevent the spread of disease
• Studies, analyses and grows microbe cultures for use in the food and drink or agriculture industries
• Tests and analyses food, drink and related manufacturing processes to identify contamination
• Establishes process and safety standards for the processing of food to prevent spoilage and illness

Entomologists are excluded from this occupation. Entomologists are included in Occupation 244633 Entomologist.

• Studies animal characteristics, development, physiology, behaviour and movement patterns in controlled and/or natural habitats
• Studies the impact of human activity on animal life
• Collects, analyses and records animal specimens
• Assesses and manages wildlife populations and their habitat
• Studies living and extinct animals in order to understand their evolution and behaviour
• Researches any possible threats from disease and pollution in the animal life and their habitat

• Anatomist
• Animal Behaviourist
• Biochemist
• Biologist
• Neuroscientist
• Parasitologist
• Pharmacologist (Non-clinical)
• Physiologist
• Protein Chemist
• Toxicologist

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

Registration or licensing may be required.

Haematologists are excluded from this occupation. Haematologists are included in Occupation 264336 Haematologist.

• Hospital Scientist
• Medical Scientific Officer
• Medical Scientist

• Cytologist
• IVF Embryologist

• Prepares blood, fluid and tissue samples for microscopic examination
• Performs a wide range of laboratory tests on patient samples, including blood, urine and tissue samples
• Analyses samples to study, diagnose and treat diseases
• Evaluates test results and communicates these to Medical Practitioners
• Establishes the steps and rules of laboratory medical testing
• Operates and maintains laboratory equipment
• Ensures laboratory quality assurance and safety standards are met
• Prepares scientific papers and reports
• Supervises and teaches other staff such as Medical Laboratory Technicians
• Develops new methods and applies the latest improvements in technology for laboratory testing

Registration or licensing may be required.

• Conducts research and development in radiation oncology, medical imaging, image-guided medical procedures, or medical radiation safety
• Designs and performs ongoing quality assurance testing and evaluation for radiation oncology and diagnostic imaging equipment and systems
• Consults with medical professionals on individual patients' radiation treatment using external radiation beams, internally placed radioactive sources, and radioactive substances
• Provides advice on balancing image quality, personnel and patient radiation dose, and associated risks in radiology and nuclear medicine imaging
• Applies knowledge of physics to the development and use of medical radiation treatments, devices and technologies that may be used for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases
• Provides scientific and technical advice on the design of radiation facilities and the safe handling, storage and disposal of radioactive materials

The occupations in this unit group have a skill level corresponding to the qualifications and experience below.

• Skill Level 1: Bachelor Degree, higher qualification, or at least five years of relevant experience

• Art Conservator

• Examines and documents objects, including condition surveys and reports
• Recommends appropriate materials and environments for storage, display and other contexts
• Researches, tests and applies treatments to stabilise, clean, repair, restore or activate objects
• Assesses and manages physical risks to cultural heritage objects and collections
• Analyses, monitors and manages storage, display and transport of material culture

• Climatologist

• Analyses and interprets weather data gathered from different sources such as meteorological stations, radars and satellite imagery
• Studies and analyses historical weather patterns to understand long-term trends and predict future climate scenarios
• Provides short to medium-term weather forecasts to the general public
• Studies the impact of weather on the environment and effects of human activity on the climate
• Develops, tests and improves mathematical and computer models of the weather and climate
• Prepares and issues warnings for atmospheric phenomena such as cyclones, storms, floods or other hazards to life and property

Medical Physicists are excluded from this occupation. Medical Physicists are included in Occupation 244732 Medical Physicist.

• Astronomer

• Conducts research to develop and improve theories and laws related to physics
• Develops methods and procedures to study, identify or characterise physical phenomena
• Studies the relationship between place and time related to celestial bodies
• Applies physics theories and techniques in the development and improvement of scientific, industrial and military applications
• Calculates, models and analyses physical and astronomical data
• Develops scientific models or theories to explain properties exhibited by the natural world
• Predicts and monitors solar flares, solar wind conditions, ionospheric irregularities, or geomagnetic and ionospheric storms

• Materials Scientist
• Metrologist