Chiropractors and Osteopaths, Complementary Health Therapists, Dental Practitioners, Occupational Therapists, Physiotherapists, Podiatrists, and Speech Professionals and Audiologists are included in Minor Group 252 Health Therapy Professionals.

In Australia and New Zealand:

Most occupations in this minor group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• developing, implementing, reviewing, examining, testing and raising awareness of diets, menus and nutrition intervention programs, the nature and extent of vision problems, and patients' medicine therapy
• planning, implementing and reviewing strategies and procedures for safe, economic and suitable disposal of various wastes, and for safe work practices
• conducting research and assessing data relating to health and nutrition status of individuals, groups and communities, and to develop and improve pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and related chemical products
• producing images to assist Medical Practitioners diagnose patients' illnesses and diseases, and administering radiation treatment
• consulting with other Health Professionals, Chemists, Engineering Professionals and other professionals

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required in New Zealand.

• planning diets and menus, and instructing people on the requirements and importance of diet and on the planning and preparation of food
• collecting, organising and assessing data relating to health and nutritional status of individuals, groups and communities
• interpreting and communicating scientific information and providing advice, education and professional opinion to individuals, groups and communities
• monitoring food intake and quality to provide nutritional care
• calculating nutritional values of food served
• planning, conducting and evaluating nutrition intervention programs and compiling educational material
• providing nutrition assessments, nutrition management, and nutrition education, research and training
• consulting with other Health Professionals and related workers to manage the dietary and nutritional needs of patients

• 251111 Dietitian
• 251112 Nutritionist

Applies the science of human nutrition to help people understand the relationship between food and health and make appropriate dietary choices to attain and maintain health, and to prevent and treat illness and disease. Registration or licensing is required in New Zealand.

Skill Level: 1

Integrates, disseminates and applies knowledge drawn from the relevant sciences to enhance positive effects of food on the health and well-being of human populations.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing may be required.

• receiving referrals from Medical Practitioners to perform medical imaging and radiation treatment of patients
• determining the appropriate equipment to use, such as X-ray equipment, radiation scanners, fluoroscopes, ultrasound equipment, nuclear instrumentation, angiography equipment and computed tomography (CT) equipment, and selecting the appropriate equipment settings to provide the diagnostic information requested by Medical Practitioners
• calculating details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure to radiation, size and strength of dosage of isotopes, and settings of recording equipment
• explaining procedures to patients and answering patients' inquiries about processes
• ensuring patients' welfare during procedures
• positioning patients, screens and equipment preparatory to procedures
• viewing the screen and deciding if images are satisfactory for diagnostic purposes, and selecting images to show Medical Practitioners
• conveying findings of procedures to Medical Practitioners

• 251211 Medical Diagnostic Radiographer
• 251212 Medical Radiation Therapist
• 251213 Nuclear Medicine Technologist
• 251214 Sonographer

Alternative Title:

• Medical Imaging Technologist

Operates X-ray and other medical imaging equipment to produce images for medical diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Diagnostic and Interventional Radiologists or other Medical Practitioners. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Magnetic Resonance Technologist

Operates high energy X-ray and other radiation and electron generating and monitoring equipment to administer radiation treatment for medical purposes in conjunction with Radiation Oncologists or other specialist Medical Practitioners. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs or assists in performing diagnostic examinations using radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals, and administers radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes under the direction of specialist Medical Practitioners. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Ultrasonographer

Operates ultrasound equipment to acquire, interpret and selectively record anatomical images, physical data and real-time physiological information for medical diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Medical Practitioners.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing may be required.

• developing, implementing and reviewing environmental health management plans and occupational health and safety plans
• preparing and implementing plans and strategies for the safe, economic, and suitable disposal of commercial, industrial, medical and household wastes
• advising on and enforcing legislation, implementing prevention programs and strategies for communicable diseases, food safety, waste water treatment and disposal systems, recreation and domestic water quality, contaminated and hazardous substances, and minimising air, sea, water and noise pollution to improve health outcomes
• identifying hazards, and assessing and controlling risks in the workplace
• developing, implementing and monitoring programs minimising workplace and environmental pollution involving chemical and physical hazards
• promoting ergonomic principles within the workplace such as matching furniture, equipment and work activities to the needs of employees
• inspecting and auditing workplaces, processes, plant, and chemical and physical hazards for legislative compliance
• training employees in personal protective equipment and safe working procedures
• recording and investigating injuries and equipment damage, and reporting safety performance
• coordinating the return of injured workers into the workplace

• 251311 Environmental Health Officer
• 251312 Occupational Health and Safety Adviser

Develops, enforces and evaluates environmental health policies, programs and strategies to improve health outcomes, and oversees the implementation and monitoring of environmental health legislation. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Food Safety Auditor
• Food Safety Officer

Alternative Titles:

• Occupational Health and Safety Coordinator
• Occupational Health and Safety Officer

Develops, implements and evaluates risk management policies and programs, trains employees in occupational health and safety procedures, monitors and audits the workplace, and records and investigates incidents to ensure safe and healthy working conditions.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Occupational Hygienist
• Workplace Rehabilitation Officer

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing may be required.

• examining patients' eyes and setting tests to determine the nature and extent of vision problems and abnormalities
• assessing ocular health and visual function by measuring visual acuity and refractive error, and testing the function of visual pathways, visual fields, eye movements, freedom of vision and intraocular pressure, and performing other tests using special eye test equipment
• detecting, diagnosing and managing eye disease, referring patients to, and receiving referrals from other health providers, and prescribing medications for the treatment of eye disease
• diagnosing eye movement disorders and defects of binocular function
• prescribing lenses, contact lenses and low vision aids, and checking suitability and comfort
• prescribing exercises to coordinate movement and focusing of eyes
• managing programs for eye movement disorders, and instructing and counselling patients in the use of corrective techniques and eye exercises
• advising on visual health matters such as contact lens care, vision care for the elderly, optics, visual ergonomics, and occupational and industrial eye safety
• conducting preventative screening programs
• conducting rehabilitation programs for the visually impaired

• 251411 Optometrist
• 251412 Orthoptist

Performs eye examinations and vision tests to determine the presence of visual, ocular and other abnormalities, ocular diseases and systemic diseases with ocular manifestations, and prescribes lenses, other optical aids, therapy and medication to correct and manage vision problems and eye diseases. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Diagnoses and manages eye movement disorders and associated sensory deficiencies. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification and a one year traineeship (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• receiving prescriptions, checking patients' medicine histories, and ensuring optimal dosage and methods of administration and drug compatibility before dispensing
• preparing or supervising the preparation and labelling of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications to fill prescriptions
• advising prescribers on drug incompatibility and contra-indications
• reviewing and monitoring the medicine therapy of individual patients, and assessing the effectiveness of the total medicine therapy
• maintaining prescription files and recording issue of narcotics, poisons and habit-forming drugs
• storing and preserving vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to deterioration
• supplying non-prescription medicines, and diagnostic and therapeutic aids
• supervising and coordinating the work of Pharmacy Technicians, pharmacy interns and Pharmacy Sales Assistants
• conducting research to develop and improve pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and related chemical products
• conferring with Chemists, Engineering Professionals and other professionals about manufacturing techniques and ingredients
• testing and analysing drugs to determine their identity, purity and strength in relation to specified standards
• developing standards for drugs used in pharmaceuticals

• 251511 Hospital Pharmacist
• 251512 Industrial Pharmacist
• 251513 Retail Pharmacist

Prepares and dispenses pharmaceuticals, drugs and medicines in a hospital pharmacy. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Pharmaceutical Officer (Army)

Undertakes research, testing and analysis related to the development, production, storage, quality control and distribution of drugs and related supplies. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Community Pharmacist

Dispenses prescribed pharmaceuticals to the public, educates customers on health promotion, disease prevention and the proper use of medicines, and sells non-prescription medicines and related goods in a community pharmacy. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing may be required.

• 251911 Health Promotion Officer
• 251912 Orthotist or Prosthetist
• 251999 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals nec

Alternative Titles:

• Community Health Worker
• Health Educator

Assists health and community groups to improve the health of individuals and the community by raising awareness of healthy lifestyles, disease and disability, and other health-related issues.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Asthma Educator
• Childbirth Educator
• Diabetes Educator

Designs, builds, fits and repairs splints, braces, callipers, artificial limbs and related appliances to restore function or compensate for muscular and skeletal disabilities. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

This occupation group covers Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals not elsewhere classified.

Skill Level: 1

Occupations in this group include:

• Genetic Counsellor

Dietitians, Medical Imaging Professionals, Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals, Optometrists and Orthoptists, Pharmacists, Health Promotion Officers, and Orthotists or Prosthetists are included in Minor Group 251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals.

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this minor group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• questioning, examining, observing and testing patients to identify and determine nature of disease, disorder, illness or problem
• designing, developing and implementing treatment plans to address patients' problems
• providing exercise, dietary, lifestyle and hygiene guidelines and advice, adaptive equipment and correctional aids
• recording patients' medical histories such as previous injuries, surgeries, general health and lifestyle
• evaluating and documenting patients' treatment response and progress

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• administering a variety of neurological, musculoskeletal and functional tests to identify and assess physical problems and ailments of patients
• planning and discussing effective management of patients' dysfunction
• designing, reviewing, monitoring, assessing and evaluating treatment programs
• assisting and improving the function of all body systems such as musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and genitourinary systems
• recording detailed patient medical histories, treatments delivered and the patients' responses and progress to treatments
• referring patients to specialists and liaising with other Health Professionals in relation to patients' problems, needs and progress
• educating patients, their partners, family and friends in therapeutic procedures, such as home exercises and lifestyle changes, to enhance patients' health and wellbeing

• 252111 Chiropractor
• 252112 Osteopath

Diagnoses and treats physiological and mechanical disorders of the human locomotor system, particularly neuromuscular skeletal disorders, and provides advice on preventing these disorders. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Diagnoses and treats tissue strains, stresses and dysfunctions which impede normal neural, vascular and biochemical mechanisms, and provides advice on preventing these disorders. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing may be required.

• assessing patients to determine the nature of the disorder, illness, problem or need by questioning, examining and observing
• developing and implementing treatment plans using applications such as acupuncture, homoeopathic and herbal medicine, and dance, drama, hypnotic and music therapies
• evaluating and documenting patients' progress through treatment plans
• providing dietary and lifestyle advice and guidelines
• prescribing natural medicines, such as herbal, mineral and animal extracts, to stimulate the body's capacity for self-healing

• 252211 Acupuncturist
• 252212 Homoeopath
• 252213 Naturopath
• 252214 Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioner
• 252215 Traditional Māori Health Practitioner
• 252299 Complementary Health Therapists nec

Treats disorders and illnesses by stimulating the body's defence mechanisms through inserting fine needles into the skin. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

Treats the body's immune and defence systems by assessing the whole person and using minute amounts of natural remedies made from substances such as plants, minerals and animal sources. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

Treats internal health problems, metabolic disorders and imbalances through treatment of the whole person using natural therapies. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Titles:

• Chinese Medicine Practitioner
• Oriental Medicine Practitioner

Treats imbalances of energy flows through the body by assessing the whole person and using techniques and methods such as acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, massage, diet, exercise and breathing therapy. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Chinese Herbalist

Diagnoses, assesses and treats patients in accordance with Tikanga Māori (Māori culture and custom) and with the participation of whanau (family).

Skill Level: 1

This occupation group covers Complementary Health Therapists not elsewhere classified.

Skill Level: 1

Occupations in this group include:

• Dance Therapist
• Drama Therapist
• Hypnotherapist
• Music Therapist
• Play Therapist

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• diagnosing dental diseases using a range of methods such as radiographs, salivary tests and medical histories
• providing preventative oral health care such as periodontal treatments, fluoride applications and oral health promotion
• providing restorative oral care such as implants, complex crown and bridge restorations, and orthodontics, and repairing damaged and decayed teeth
• providing oral surgical treatments such as biopsy of tissue and prescription of medication
• performing routine orthodontic treatment
• restoring oral function with removable and fixed oral prostheses
• assisting in diagnosing general diseases having oral manifestations such as diabetes
• educating patients to take care of their mouth and teeth
• leading a dental team which may comprise Dental Hygienists, Dental Therapists, Dental Assistants and other Dental Specialists

• 252311 Dental Specialist
• 252312 Dentist

Diagnoses and treats diseases, injuries, irregularities and malformations of teeth and associated structures in the mouth and jaw using surgery and other specialist techniques. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Endodontist
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
• Oral Pathologist
• Orthodontist
• Paedodontist
• Periodontist
• Prosthodontist

Alternative Titles:

• Dental Practitioner
• Dental Surgeon

Diagnoses and treats dental disease, injuries, decay and malformations of the teeth, periodontal tissue (gums), hard and soft tissue found on the mouth and other dento-facial structures using surgery and other techniques. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• assessing clients' emotional, psychological, developmental and physical capabilities using clinical observations and standardised tests
• assessing clients' functional potential in their home, leisure, work and school environments, and recommending environmental adaptations to maximise their performance
• planning and directing programs through the use of vocational, recreational, remedial, social and educational activities on an individual and group basis
• providing advice to family members, carers, employers and teachers about adapting clients' home, leisure, work and school environments
• providing adaptive equipment, such as wheelchairs and splints, to assist clients to overcome their functional limitations
• working with other Health Professionals in overall case management of clients
• working with other professionals in providing specialist advice to specific client groups such as those requiring driver rehabilitation, third-party compensation and medico-legal representation
• recording clients' progress and maintaining professional relationships in accordance with relevant legislative requirements and ethical guidelines

• 252411 Occupational Therapist

Assesses functional limitations of people resulting from illnesses and disabilities, and provides therapy to enable people to perform their daily activities and occupations. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• administering muscle, nerve, joint and functional ability tests to identify and assess physical problems of patients
• designing treatment programs to address patients' problems
• treating patients to reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, improve cardiothoracic, cardiovascular and respiratory functions, restore joint mobility, and improve balance and coordination
• using the therapeutic properties of exercise, heat, cold, massage, manipulation, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ultraviolet and infra-red light and ultrasound in the treatment of patients
• reviewing, continually monitoring, assessing and evaluating programs and treatments
• consulting with other Health Professionals as required about patients' problems, needs and progress
• instructing patients and their families in procedures to be continued at home
• recording treatments given and patients' responses and progress
• developing and implementing screening and preventative health promotion programs

• 252511 Physiotherapist

Alternative Title:

• Physical Therapist

Assesses, treats and prevents disorders in human movement caused by injury or disease. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Aquatic Physiotherapist
• Cardiothoracic Physiotherapist
• Continence and Women's Health Physiotherapist
• Gerontological Physiotherapist
• Māori Physiotherapist (NZ)
• Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist
• Neurological Physiotherapist
• Occupational Health Physiotherapist
• Paediatric Physiotherapist
• Sports Physiotherapist

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• examining patients' feet to determine the nature and extent of conditions, deformities and injuries
• examining and treating foot disabilities caused by diseases such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and other neuropathies
• prescribing and arranging the fabrication of footwear to correct foot abnormalities
• performing minor surgery to remove and improve abnormal conditions
• prescribing and fitting replaceable pads, palliative and functional supports and other devices for the protection and correction of foot abnormalities
• advising patients about continued treatment and foot care
• may provide rehabilitation services to the physically handicapped
• may refer patients to or have patients referred from Medical Practitioners

• 252611 Podiatrist

Prevents, diagnoses and treats disorders of the feet. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Podiatric Surgeon

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• assessing and diagnosing the extent of client hearing loss using a wide range of techniques, including audiometric tests
• reporting results of assessments and tests in writing and making referrals to medical practitioners
• recommending solutions to those with hearing impairment including amplification, implantable devices, medical interventions and assistive listening devices and providing aural rehabilitation programs
• providing counselling, advice and information to clients and families as a part of overall treatment
• assisting with the development and management of noise control and hearing conservation strategies
• administering standardised and informal tests and observing clients to determine the nature and extent of their communication disorders or swallowing difficulties
• providing treatment and management of speech, language, learning and communication disorders that may be developmental, part of a disability, or acquired as a result of injury or disease
• advising on the positioning of the body and on the textures of food and fluids which assists an individual to eat and swallow safely without choking
• providing information and education to health professionals, early childhood educators and teachers, and support and counselling to individuals affected by communication and swallowing difficulties, and to their families and carers.

• 252711 Audiologist
• 252712 Speech Pathologist / Speech Language Therapist

Provides diagnostic assessment and rehabilitative services related to human hearing defects.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Speech Therapist

Provides diagnostic assessment and management of disorders of communication and swallowing through direct intervention, education, consultancy, advocacy, or a combination of these approaches.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this minor group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification and one to two years hospital-based training. In some instances at least five years specialist study and training are also required (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• examining patients to establish the nature of their complaints, and performing and ordering tests, X-rays and other diagnostic procedures
• determining diagnosis based on examination and results of tests
• selecting and administering appropriate treatments and therapies, and advising patients of further treatment options and preventative and therapeutic measures
• prescribing, administering, preparing and dispensing medication and prosthetic and corrective devices
• monitoring patients' progress and response to treatment
• recording patients' illnesses, treatment given and patients' responses and progress
• advising on diet, exercise and other measures to prevent and aid treatment of diseases and disorders

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least one year of hospital-based training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• conducting examinations and questioning patients to determine the nature of disorders and illnesses, and recording patients' medical information
• ordering laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic procedures, and interpreting findings to assist in diagnosis
• providing overall care for patients, and prescribing and administering treatments, medications and other remedial measures
• monitoring patients' progress and response to treatment
• advising on diet, exercise and other habits which aid prevention and treatment of disease and disorders
• referring patients to, and exchanging medical information with, specialist Medical Practitioners
• reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities
• arranging the admission of patients to hospitals

• 253111 General Practitioner
• 253112 Resident Medical Officer

Alternative Title:

• General Medical Practitioner

Diagnoses, treats and prevents human physical and mental disorders and injuries. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Medical Officer (Navy)

Diagnoses, treats and prevents human physical and mental disorders and injuries under the supervision of medical specialists or senior general practitioners. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Medical Intern

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification, two years hospital-based training, and at least five years specialist study and training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• performing pre-operative examinations of patients to determine appropriate anaesthetic and sedation in concurrence with Specialist Physicians and Surgeons
• discussing the anaesthetic process with patients and obtaining their informed consent prior to surgery
• administering local, regional and general anaesthetics using a variety of methods such as inhalational and intravenous administration
• supervising the transfer of patients to operating theatres, positioning on operating tables, keeping patients warm, and responding quickly and accurately if any problems arise
• monitoring patients throughout surgical procedures and in immediate post-operative procedures
• recording details of anaesthetic and sedation administered, and the condition of patients before, during and after anaesthesia
• liaising with other health care workers to provide diagnosis and treatment for patients with chronic pain, and to diagnose and treat patients requiring intensive care or resuscitation
• may instruct medical, nursing, student and ancillary staff on the signs, symptoms and diagnosis of allergic and anaphylactic reactions to anaesthetic agents, and supervision and treatment of life-threatening emergencies

• 253211 Anaesthetist

Provides direct medical care to patients requiring general or local anaesthesia for surgical, diagnostic and other procedures such as prevention of pain and maintenance of body function. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Intensive Care Anaesthetist
• Obstetric Anaesthetist
• Pain Management Specialist

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification, two years hospital-based training, and at least five years specialist study and training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• examining patients to determine the nature and extent of problems after referral from General Medical Practitioners and other medical specialists, and undertaking laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures
• analysing test results and other medical information to make diagnoses
• prescribing and administering drugs, and remedial and therapeutic treatment and procedures
• recording medical information and data
• reporting specified contagious and notifiable diseases to government health and immigration authorities
• may admit or refer patients to hospitals
• may consult other medical specialists

• 253311 Specialist Physician (General Medicine)
• 253312 Cardiologist
• 253313 Clinical Haematologist
• 253314 Medical Oncologist
• 253315 Endocrinologist
• 253316 Gastroenterologist
• 253317 Intensive Care Specialist
• 253318 Neurologist
• 253321 Paediatrician
• 253322 Renal Medicine Specialist
• 253323 Rheumatologist
• 253324 Thoracic Medicine Specialist
• 253399 Specialist Physicians nec

Investigates and diagnoses internal human disorders and diseases, and administers treatment. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Investigates, diagnoses and treats diseases of the human heart. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Investigates and diagnoses blood and other genetic disorders by studying cellular composition of blood and blood-producing tissues. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Medical Oncology Physician

Investigates, diagnoses and treats patients with cancer using chemotherapy and biological therapy. Registration or licensing is required.

Gynaecological, Radiation and Surgical Oncologists are excluded from this occupation. Gynaecological Oncologists are included in Unit Group 2539 Other Medical Practitioners, in Occupation 253913 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist. Radiation Oncologists are included in Unit Group 2539 Other Medical Practitioners, in Occupation 253918 Radiation Oncologist. Surgical Oncologists are included in Unit Group 2535 Surgeons, in Occupation 253511 Surgeon (General).

Skill Level: 1

Investigates, diagnoses and treats disorders of the human glandular and hormonal systems. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Diabetologist

Investigates, diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the human liver, stomach and associated organs. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Titles:

• Intensive Care Medicine Specialist
• Intensivist

Investigates, diagnoses and treats patients in need of intensive and critical care. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Investigates, diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries of the human brain, spinal cord, nervous system and muscle tissue. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Investigates, diagnoses and treats internal diseases and disorders in children from birth up to, and including, adolescence. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Neonatologist
• Paediatric Thoracic Physician

Alternative Titles:

• Nephrologist
• Renal Medicine Physician

Investigates, diagnoses and treats disorders of the human kidney. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Investigates, diagnoses and treats diseases, injuries and deficiencies of human joints, muscles and soft tissue. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Titles:

• Respiratory Medicine Physician
• Thoracic Medicine Physician

Investigates, diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the human respiratory system. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Pulmonary Specialist
• Respiratory Physician

This occupation group covers Specialist Physicians not elsewhere classified. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Occupations in this group include:

• Clinical Allergist
• Clinical Geneticist
• Clinical Immunologist
• Clinical Pharmacologist
• Geriatrician
• Infectious Diseases Physician
• Musculoskeletal Physician (NZ)
• Occupational Medicine Physician
• Palliative Medicine Physician
• Public Health Physician
• Rehabilitation Medicine Physician
• Sexual Health Physician
• Sleep Medicine Physician

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification, two years hospital-based training, and at least five years specialist study and training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• assessing patients' mental and physical status to determine the nature and extent of mental, emotional and behavioural disorders
• assessing patients' medical, psychiatric and psychological histories
• examining patients to determine general physical condition
• ordering laboratory tests, imaging, neuropsychological tests and other diagnostic procedures
• examining the results of tests and examinations to determine the most appropriate forms of treatment
• prescribing and administering medication, psychotherapy, and other physical treatments and rehabilitation programs
• arranging admission to hospitals and providing in-patient treatment
• consulting, supervising and working with other Medical Practitioners and Health Professionals
• determining whether patients require involuntary treatment in accordance with relevant mental health acts
• assisting courts and other statutory bodies in managing patients in legal and forensic settings
• teaching medical students and registrars, and assessing their progress by administering tests

• 253411 Psychiatrist

Diagnoses, assesses, treats and prevents human mental, emotional and behavioural disorders. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Adolescent Psychiatrist
• Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist
• Child Psychiatrist
• Forensic Psychiatrist
• Geriatric Psychiatrist
• Medical Psychotherapist

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification, two years hospital-based training, and at least five years specialist study and training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• examining patients to determine the necessity of operations, estimating and explaining risks to patients, and selecting the best operational procedures
• reviewing reports on patients' general physical condition, reactions to medications and medical histories
• consulting with Anaesthetists regarding the correct anaesthesia for patients
• performing surgical operations
• examining instruments, equipment, and surgical set-up to ensure that antiseptic and aseptic methods have been followed
• instructing other medical, nursing and associated staff regarding the preparation of patients and instrument and equipment requirements
• prescribing post-operative care, and observing and investigating patients' progress
• maintaining records of operations performed
• may specialise in particular types of operations

• 253511 Surgeon (General)
• 253512 Cardiothoracic Surgeon
• 253513 Neurosurgeon
• 253514 Orthopaedic Surgeon
• 253515 Otorhinolaryngologist
• 253516 Paediatric Surgeon
• 253517 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
• 253518 Urologist
• 253521 Vascular Surgeon

Performs surgery to correct diseases and disorders covering a broad range of medical conditions. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs heart and lung surgery. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs surgery to correct disorders of the brain, spine and nervous system. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs surgery to treat muscular and skeletal diseases and injuries. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Titles:

• Ear, Nose and Throat Specialist
• Head and Neck Surgeon

Performs surgery to correct diseases and disorders of the ear, nose and throat. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Laryngologist
• Otologist
• Rhinologist

Provides surgical care and treatment to children from birth up to, and including, adolescence. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs surgery to repair and reconstruct muscle and tissue injuries and congenital deformities. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Provides medical and surgical treatment to patients with disorders of the kidney, urinary bladder and urethra, and treats disorders of the male sex organs. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Performs surgery to treat patients with conditions affecting their arteries and veins. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification, two years hospital-based training, and at least five years specialist study and training (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• 253911 Dermatologist
• 253912 Emergency Medicine Specialist
• 253913 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
• 253914 Ophthalmologist
• 253915 Pathologist
• 253917 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiologist
• 253918 Radiation Oncologist
• 253999 Medical Practitioners nec

Provides diagnostic, treatment and preventative medical services related to disorders of the human skin. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Emergency Physician

Provides diagnostic medical services, and manages patients with acute and urgent illness and injury. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Provides diagnostic, treatment and preventative medical and surgical services related to the care of women, foetuses and children during pregnancy and childbirth, and to disorders of the female genital, urinary, rectal and reproductive organs. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Gynaecological Oncologist
• Reproductive Endocrinologist
• Urogynaecologist

Alternative Titles:

• Eye Specialist
• Eye Surgeon

Provides diagnostic, treatment and preventative medical services related to diseases, injuries and deficiencies of the human eye and associated structures. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Identifies the cause and processes of disease and illness by examining changes in body tissue and in blood and other body fluids, and conducts tests on samples of tissues, blood and body secretions. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Clinical Cytopathologist
• Forensic Pathologist
• Immunologist

Provides diagnostic and treatment medical services, and monitors patients with various diseases utilising imaging techniques such as general radiography, angiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine and bone densitometry. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Medical Imaging Specialist

Provides medical care and management of patients with cancer and other medical conditions through the conduct and supervision of radiation treatment; and advice on the provision of palliative and other supportive care of patients with cancer. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

This occupation group covers Medical Practitioners not elsewhere classified. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Occupations in this group include:

• Nuclear Medicine Physician
• Sports Physician

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this minor group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• assisting in examining patients, administering prescribed treatment, monitoring patients' progress, and facilitating lifestyle options and treatment plans in conjunction with patients' families, other carers and the community
• evaluating nurses' ongoing educational needs and planning relevant syllabus structures
• directing and controlling the allocation of human and material resources for a health service unit such as recruiting staff, human resource management, preparing budgets and financial management
• providing care and management of pregnancy and birth
• undertaking and promoting nursing and interdisciplinary research projects, and promoting uptake of findings into clinical nursing practice and patient management

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• providing advice and support during pre-conception, intrapartum, antenatal and postnatal periods in partnership with women
• providing care and management of pregnancy and birth
• assessing progress and recognising warning signs of abnormal and potentially abnormal pregnancies requiring referral to an Obstetrician
• monitoring the condition of women and foetuses during pregnancy and throughout labour
• conducting health education classes and seminars to promote the health of mothers and babies such as reproductive health, antenatal education, preparation for parenthood and breastfeeding
• providing advice on nutrition, childcare and family planning

• 254111 Midwife

Alternative Titles:

• Certified Midwife
• Registered Midwife

Provides care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and childbirth, and postnatal care for women and babies in a range of settings such as the home, community, hospitals, clinics and health units. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Community Midwife
• Midwife Practitioner

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least five years relevant experience (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

• researching, planning, developing and implementing nursing curricula
• facilitating practical experience for general and specialist nurses
• evaluating ongoing and changing educational needs and monitoring course outcomes
• participating in developing and implementing policies affecting nursing, nurse education and health
• undertaking and promoting nursing and interdisciplinary research projects, and disseminating research information
• promoting utilisation of current research findings into clinical nursing practice and patient management
• promoting the implementation of research and research findings into organisation-wide functions such as safety, quality and risk management
• providing support and education for other nurses undertaking research

• 254211 Nurse Educator
• 254212 Nurse Researcher

Alternative Titles:

• Clinical Nurse Educator
• Staff Development Nurse

Designs, plans, implements and evaluates the delivery of nursing education and staff development programs, and manages educational resources.

Skill Level: 1

Designs, conducts and evaluates nursing and interdisciplinary research projects, and promotes the implementation of research findings into clinical nursing practice.

Skill Level: 1

Directors of Nursing are included in Unit Group 1342 Health and Welfare Services Managers.

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least five years relevant experience (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• developing, implementing and monitoring policies and objectives of nursing care as they apply to units, staff and community groups
• coordinating the allocation of human and material resources for a health service unit such as recruitment of staff, human resource management, preparation of budgets and fiscal management
• monitoring and controlling the performance of nursing and support staff within the unit, and providing leadership
• initiating studies to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing services in the unit in relation to objectives, costs and nursing care
• promoting working relationships with community agencies and health and education providers
• contributing to organisational objectives in relation to quality, safety and risk management

• 254311 Nurse Manager

Alternative Titles:

• Charge Nurse
• Nurse Supervisor
• Nurse Unit Manager

Manages a health service unit or sub-unit of a hospital, aged care or community health care facility, supervises nursing staff and financial resources to enable the provision of safe, cost effective nursing care within a specified field or for a particular unit, and monitors quality, clinical standards and professional development of nurses. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

In Australia and New Zealand:

Occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Registration or licensing is required.

• assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating nursing care for patients according to accepted nursing practice and standards
• working in consultation with other Health Professionals and members of health teams, and coordinating the care of patients
• providing interventions, treatments and therapies such as medications, and monitoring responses to treatment and care plan
• promoting health and assisting in preventing ill health by participating in health education and other health promotion activities
• answering questions and providing information to patients and families about treatment and care
• supervising and coordinating the work of Enrolled Nurses and other health care workers

• 254411 Nurse Practitioner
• 254412 Registered Nurse (Aged Care)
• 254413 Registered Nurse (Child and Family Health)
• 254414 Registered Nurse (Community Health)
• 254415 Registered Nurse (Critical Care and Emergency)
• 254416 Registered Nurse (Developmental Disability)
• 254417 Registered Nurse (Disability and Rehabilitation)
• 254418 Registered Nurse (Medical)
• 254421 Registered Nurse (Medical Practice)
• 254422 Registered Nurse (Mental Health)
• 254423 Registered Nurse (Perioperative)
• 254424 Registered Nurse (Surgical)
• 254425 Registered Nurse (Paediatrics)
• 254499 Registered Nurses nec

Provides advanced and extended nursing care to patients, such as ordering diagnostic tests, undertaking diagnosis and health assessments, prescribing patient care management, medicines and therapies, as authorised in relevant nursing legislation, and referring to specialist Medical Practitioners and other Health Professionals in a range of health, welfare and community settings. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Provides nursing care to the elderly in community settings, residential aged care facilities, retirement villages and health care facilities. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Registered Nurse (Gerontology)

Provides nursing care to children from birth to school age and their families with an emphasis on the prevention, early detection of, and early intervention in, physical, emotional and social problems affecting children and their families such as assistance with parentcraft, immunisation and developmental milestones. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Plunket Nurse (NZ)

Provides nursing care, health counselling, screening and education to individuals, families and groups in the wider community with a focus on patient independence and health promotion. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Registered Nurse (Health Education and Promotion)
• Registered Nurse (Public Health)
• Registered Nurse (School Nurse)

Provides nursing care to critically ill patients and patients with unstable health following injury, surgery or during the acute phase of diseases, integrating new technological equipment into care in settings such as high dependency units, intensive care units, emergency departments or retrieval services. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Registered Nurse (Acute Care)
• Registered Nurse (Emergency/Trauma)
• Registered Nurse (High Dependency)
• Registered Nurse (Neonatal Intensive Care)
• Registered Nurse (Paediatric Intensive Care)

Alternative Title:

• Mental Retardation Nurse

Provides nursing care to people with intellectual and development disabilities in a range of health, welfare and community settings. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Provides nursing care to patients recovering from injury and illness, and assists and facilitates patients with disabilities to live more independently. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisation:

• Registered Nurse (Rehabilitation)

Provides nursing care to patients with conditions, such as infections, metabolic disorders and degenerative conditions, which require medical intervention in a range of health, aged care and community settings. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Titles:

• Practice Nurse
• Primary Health Care Nurse (NZ)

Provides clinical care to patients, undertakes clinical organisation and practice administration, and facilitates communication within a general practice environment and between the practice and outside organisations and individuals. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Alternative Title:

• Psychiatric Nurse

Provides nursing care to patients with mental health illness, disorder and dysfunction, and those experiencing emotional difficulties, distress and crisis in health, welfare and aged care facilities, correctional services and the community. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Psychopaedic Nurse (NZ)
• Registered Nurse (Child and Adolescence Mental Health)
• Registered Nurse (Drug and Alcohol)
• Registered Nurse (Psychiatric Rehabilitation)
• Registered Nurse (Psychogeriatric Care)

Alternative Title:

• Operating Room Nurse

Provides nursing care to patients before, during and immediately after surgery, assesses patients' condition, plans nursing care for surgical intervention, maintains a safe and comfortable environment, assists Surgeons and Anaesthetists during surgery, and monitors patients' recovery from anaesthetic, prior to return to, or discharge from, ward. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Specialisations:

• Registered Nurse (Anaesthetic)
• Registered Nurse (Operating Room)
• Registered Nurse (Recovery)

Provides nursing care to patients with injuries and illness that require surgical intervention. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Provides nursing care to children of all ages, including neonates, across a range of health and community settings with an emphasis on assessing children’s acute and ongoing needs while taking into account physical, social, cultural and family circumstances. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

This occupation group covers Registered Nurses not elsewhere classified. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level: 1

Occupations in this group include:

• Aboriginal Health Nurse
• Flight Nurse
• Immunisation Nurse
• Nursing Officer (Defence Forces)
• Pathology Nurse
• Radiology Nurse
• Red Cross Blood Service Nurse
• Registered Nurse (Infection Control)
• Remote Area Nurse