A1C.99.

Waste management (COFOG-A 051) consists of government expenditure on waste management. This group covers collection, treatment and disposal of waste. Waste collection includes sweeping of street, squares, paths, markets, public gardens, parks, etc.; collection of all types of waste, whether selective by type of product or undifferentiated covering all waste, and their transport to place of treatment or discharge. Waste treatment includes any method or process designed to change the physical, chemical or biological character or composition of any waste so as to neutralise it, to render it non-hazardous, to make it safer for transport, to make it amenable for recovery or storage or to reduce it in volume. Waste disposal includes final placement of waste for which no further use is foreseen by landfill, containment, underground disposal, dumping at sea or any other relevant disposal method.

A1C.100.

Waste management (COFOG-A 051) is further classified into:

• waste recycling (COFOG-A 0511); and
• waste management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0519).

A1C.101.

Waste recycling (COFOG-A 0511) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of waste collection, treatment and disposal systems for waste intended for recycling; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the operation, construction, maintenance or upgrading of such systems.

Includes: Monitoring of generation and storage of waste intended for recycling; transport to place of treatment or discharge.

Excludes: Collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid waste not intended for recycling (classified to waste management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0519)); treatment and disposal of waste water (classified to reused or recycled waste water management (COFOG-A 0521) or waste water management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0529)).

A1C.102.

Waste management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0519) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of waste collection, treatment and disposal systems for waste not intended for recycling; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the operation, construction, maintenance or upgrading of such systems.

Includes: Collection, treatment and disposal of nuclear waste; development, expansion or operation of household garbage systems and other waste systems; trade and industrial waste disposal; cleaning of streets, gutters, foreshores and recreation areas; special rubbish clean-ups and anti-litter enforcement; monitoring of waste generation and storage of waste not intended for recycling; transport to place of treatment or discharge; management of municipal tips.

Excludes: Collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid waste intended for recycling (classified to waste recycling (COFOG-A 0511)); treatment and disposal of waste water (classified to reused or recycled waste water management (COFOG-A 0521) or waste water management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0529)).

A1C.103.

Waste water management (COFOG-A 052) consists of government expenditure on waste water management. This group covers sewage system operation and waste water treatment. Sewage system operation includes management and construction of the system of collectors, pipelines, conduits and pumps to evacuate any waste water (rainwater, domestic and other available waste water) from the points of generation to either a sewage treatment plant or to a point where waste water is discharged to surface water. Waste water treatment includes any mechanical, biological or advanced process to render waste water fit to meet applicable environment standards or other quality norms.

A1C.104.

Waste water management (COFOG-A 052) is further classified into:

• reused or recycled waste water management (COFOG-A 0521); and
• waste water management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0529).

A1C.105.

Reused or recycled waste water management (COFOG-A 0521) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of activities relating to reused or recycled waste water management; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the operation, construction, maintenance or upgrading of systems relating to reused or recycled water.

Includes: Sewerage system operation; management and construction of systems of collectors, pipelines, conduits and pumps to reticulate any waste water (rainwater, domestic and other available waste water) from the points of generation to reuse point; any mechanical, biological or advanced process to render waste water fit to meet environmental and hygiene standards or quality norms for reuse; systems to allow water use or reuse without treatment where possible including wash water (industrial, commercial and other), greywater systems, rainwater storage systems and other secondary uses; treatment of waste water to environmental or quality standards for reuse and recycling.

Excludes: Restoration of water bodies (classified to pollution abatement (COFOG-A 0531)); potable water supply services (classified to water supply (COFOG-A 0631)).

A1C.106.

Waste water management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0529) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of sewage systems and waste water treatment for waste water not intended for reuse or recycling; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the operation, construction, maintenance or upgrading of such systems.

Includes: Deep mains town systems; effluent drainage systems; septic tank cleaning and inspection; nightsoil disposal (sanitary service); urban drainage systems and storm water drains including the linking or lining of creeks and the provision of open or deep draining systems; any mechanical, biological or advanced process to render waste water fit to meet environmental standards or quality norms other than for reuse.

Excludes: Construction of drains associated with road works (classified to road construction (COFOG-A 1113)); rural flood mitigation and agricultural drainage (classified to agriculture (COFOG-A 0421)); restoration of water bodies (classified to pollution abatement (COFOG-A 0531)); potable water supply services (classified to water supply (COFOG-A 0631)).

A1C.107.

Pollution abatement (COFOG-A 053) consists of government expenditure on pollution abatement. This category covers expenditure on activities relating to ambient air and climate protection, soil and ground-water protection, noise and vibration abatement and protection against radiation. These activities include construction, maintenance and operation of monitoring systems and stations (other than weather stations); construction of noise embankments, hedges and other anti-noise facilities including the resurfacing of sections of urban highways or railways with noise reducing surfaces; measures to clean pollution in water bodies; measures to control or prevent the emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants that adversely affect the quality of the air; construction, maintenance and operation of installations for the decontamination of polluted soils and for the storage of pollutant products; transportation of pollutant products.

A1C.108.

Pollution abatement (COFOG-A 053) is further classified into:

• pollution abatement (COFOG-A 0531).

A1C.109.

Pollution abatement (COFOG-A 0531) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of activities relating to pollution abatement and control; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support activities relating to pollution abatement and control.

Includes: Construction, maintenance and operation of monitoring systems and stations such as stations to monitor noise levels near airports; development and monitoring of standards covering pollution and air quality; prevention of pollution through use of cleaner technologies or cleaner products; treatment of exhaust gases; monitoring and control of the concentration of pollutants and air quality; development and use of anti-pollution devices; decontaminating and cleaning up surface water following accidental pollution.

Excludes: Waste water management (classified to reused or recycled waste water management (COFOG-A 0521) or waste water management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0529)); activities carried out for economic reasons such as improved agricultural production (classified to agriculture (COFOG-A 0421)).

A1C.110.

Protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 054) consists of government expenditure on protection of biodiversity and landscape. This category covers activities relating to the protection of fauna and flora species (including the reintroduction of extinct species and the recovery of species menaced by extinction), the protection of habitats (including the management of natural parks and reserves) and the protection of landscapes for their aesthetic values (including the reshaping of damaged landscapes for the purpose of strengthening their aesthetic value and the rehabilitation of abandoned mines and quarry sites).

A1C.111.

Protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 054) is further classified into:

• protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541).

A1C.112.

Protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541) consists of:

• the administration, supervision, inspection, operation or support of activities relating to the protection of biodiversity and landscape; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support activities relating to the protection of biodiversity and landscape.

Includes: National parks and wildlife services; environmental protection programs such as the control and prevention of erosion of beaches and foreshores; flood mitigation in urban areas; places on the Commonwealth Heritage List and the National Heritage List such as historic houses and sites which are part of national parks and wildlife services; protection of native plants, animals and habitats; creation and maintenance of nature conservation areas; administration of tree protection regulations; new plantings to create 'green corridors'; measures to protect and restore ecosystems such as wetlands, riparian, estuarine and dune systems or areas of remnant vegetation; measures to control non-native feral animals such as foxes and rabbits; measures to control noxious weeds such as weeds of national significance; wildlife sanctuaries where animals are protected but not actively managed; fire control activities carried out in national parks, state reserves and crown land; subsidies for agricultural and grazing practices aimed at reducing harm to soils and water bodies; protection and remediation of soil, ground-water and surface water from physical degradation.

Excludes: Operation and support of reforestation and pest and disease control (classified to forestry (COFOG-A 0422)); maintenance of public parks and gardens (classified to recreational and sporting services (COFOG-A 0811)); wildlife parks where animals are actively managed (classified to cultural services not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0829)); restoration of water bodies (classified to pollution abatement (COFOG-A 0531)); activities carried out for economic reasons such as improved agricultural production (classified to agriculture (COFOG-A 0421)).

A1C.113.

Research and development - environmental protection (COFOG-A 055) consists of government expenditure on research and development relating to environmental protection. Definitions of basic research, applied research and experimental development are given under COFOG-A 014 and COFOG-A 015. This category is further classified into:

• research and development - environmental protection (COFOG-A 0551).

A1C.114.

Research and development - environmental protection (COFOG-A 0551) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to environmental protection; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to environmental protection undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Includes: Research and experimental development into problems of pollution abatement and control; research and development into protection and remediation of soil and water bodies.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)).

A1C.115.

Environmental protection not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 059) consists of government expenditure on environmental protection not elsewhere classified. This category is further classified into:

• environmental protection not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0599).

A1C.116.

Environmental protection not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0599) consists of:

• the administration, management, regulation, supervision, operation and support of activities such as formulation, administration, coordination and monitoring of overall policies, plans, programs and budgets for the promotion of environmental protection; preparation and enforcement of legislation and standards for the provision of environmental protection services; production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on environmental protection.

Includes: Environmental protection affairs and services that cannot be classified to waste management (COFOG-A 051), waste water management (COFOG-A 052), pollution abatement (COFOG-A 053), protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 054) or research and development - environmental protection (COFOG-A 055).