A1C.63.

General economic, commercial, and labour affairs (COFOG-A 041) consists of government expenditure on general economic, and labour affairs. This category is further classified into:

• general economic and commercial affairs (COFOG-A 0411); and
• general labour affairs (COFOG-A 0412).

A1C.64.

General economic and commercial affairs (COFOG-A 0411) consists of:

• the administration of general economic and commercial affairs and services including general foreign commercial affairs; formulation and implementation of general economic and commercial policies; liaison among different branches of government and between government and business;
• the regulation or support of general economic and commercial activities such as export and import trade as a whole, commodity and equity markets, overall income controls, general trade promotion activities, general regulation of monopolies and other restraints on trade and market entry, etc.; supervision of the banking industry;
• the operation or support of institutions dealing with patents, trademarks, copyrights, company registration, weather forecasting, standards, hydrologic surveys, geodesic surveys, etc.; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to promote general economic and commercial policies and programs.

Includes: Consumer education and protection; foreign trade offices.

Excludes: Economic and commercial affairs of a particular industry (classified to COFOG-A 042, COFOG-A 043, COFOG-A 044, COFOG-A 045, COFOG-A 046 or COFOG-A 11).

A1C.65.

General labour affairs (COFOG-A 0412) consists of:

• the administration of general labour affairs and services; formulation and implementation of general labour policies; supervision and regulation of labour conditions (hours of work, wages, safety, etc.); liaison among different branches of government and between government and overall industrial, business and labour organisations;
• the operation or support of general programs or schemes to facilitate labour mobility, to reduce sex, race, age and other discrimination, to reduce the rate of unemployment in distressed or underdeveloped regions, to promote the employment of disadvantaged or other groups characterised by high unemployment rates, etc.; operation of labour exchanges; operation or support of arbitration and mediation services;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on general labour affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to promote general labour policies and programs.

Includes: Operation or support of conciliation services; operation of employment offices; schemes to promote employment that cannot be allocated to specific industries; Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) program; Remote Jobs and Communities Program (RJCP); other programs in which general labour affairs is the main component.

Excludes: Labour affairs of a particular industry (classified to COFOG-A 042, COFOG-A 043, COFOG-A 044, COFOG-A 045, COFOG-A 046 or COFOG-A 11); provision of social protection in the form of cash benefits and benefits in kind to people who are unemployed (classified to unemployment (COFOG-A 1041)); vocational training (classified to vocational education and training (excluding apprenticeships and traineeships) (COFOG-A 0932)); the Community Development Employment Program (classified to indigenous community development (COFOG-A 0621) or community development not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0629)).

A1C.66.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (COFOG-A 042) consists of government expenditure on agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. This category is further classified into:

• agriculture (COFOG-A 0421);
• forestry (COFOG-A 0422); and
• fishing and hunting (COFOG-A 0423).

A1C.67.

Agriculture (COFOG-A 0421) consists of:

• the administration of agricultural affairs and services; conservation, reclamation or expansion of arable land; agrarian reform and land settlement; supervision and regulation of the agricultural industry;
• the construction or operation of flood control, irrigation and drainage systems including grants, loans or subsidies for such works;
• the operation or support of programs or schemes to stabilise or improve farm prices and farm incomes; operation or support of extension services or veterinary services to farmers, pest control services, crop inspection services and crop grading services;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on agricultural affairs and services; and
• compensation, grants, loans or subsidies to farmers in connection with agricultural activities, including payments for restricting or encouraging output of a particular crop or for allowing land to remain uncultivated.

Includes: Grants, subsidies and other assistance for agricultural land clearing and control of soil erosion; programs for rural debt reconstruction, farm rehabilitation and retraining displaced farmers; subsides to induce farmers to purchase and utilise fertilisers and improved seeds; dissemination of knowledge with the principal aim of increasing productivity, improving quality of products, conserving land and reducing labour or other costs.

Excludes: Multipurpose development projects (classified to multipurpose development projects (COFOG-A 0464)); subsidies for agricultural and grazing practices aimed at reducing harm to soils and water bodies (classified to protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541)); control of stray cattle and associated veterinary costs (classified to control of domestic animals and livestock (COFOG-A 0391)); water supply, distribution, regulation and administration services (classified to water supply (COFOG-A 0631)).

A1C.68.

Forestry (COFOG-A 0422) consists of:

• the administration of forestry affairs and services; conservation, extension and rationalised exploitation of forest reserves; supervision and regulation of forest operations and issuance of tree-felling licenses;
• the operation or support of reforestation work, pest and disease control, forest fire-fighting and fire prevention services and extension services to forest operators;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on forestry affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support commercial forest activities.

Includes: Forest crops in addition to timber; commercial forest operations.

Excludes: Protection of biodiversity such as schemes to protect flora (classified to protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541)).

A1C.69.

Fishing and hunting (COFOG-A 0423) includes both commercial fishing and hunting, and fishing and hunting for sport. The fishing and hunting affairs and services listed below refer to activities that take place outside natural parks and reserves. This category consists of:

• the administration of fishing and hunting affairs and services; protection, propagation and rationalised exploitation of fish and wildlife stocks; supervision and regulation of freshwater fishing, coastal fishing, ocean fishing, fish farming, wildlife hunting and issuance of fishing and hunting licences;
• the operation or support of fish hatcheries, extension services, stocking or culling activities, etc.;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on fishing and hunting affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support commercial fishing and hunting activities, including the construction or operation of fish hatcheries.

Includes: Game preserves.

Excludes:  Control of offshore and ocean fishing (classified to police services (COFOG-A 0311)); administration, operation or support of natural parks and reserves (classified to protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541)).

A1C.70.

Fuel and energy (COFOG-A 043) consists of government expenditure on fuel and energy. This category is further classified into:

• coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431);
• petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432);
• nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433);
• other fuels (COFOG-A 0434);
• electricity (COFOG-A 0435);
• non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436); and
• fuel and energy not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0439).

A1C.71.

Coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431) includes coal of all grades, lignite and peat irrespective of the method used in their extraction or beneficiation and the conversion of these fuels to other forms such as coke or gas. This category consists of:

• the administration of solid mineral fuel affairs and services; conservation, discovery, development and rationalised exploitation of solid mineral fuel resources; supervision and regulation of the extraction, processing, distribution and use of solid mineral fuels;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on solid mineral fuel affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the solid mineral fuel industry and the coke, briquette or manufactured gas industries.

Includes: Price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production.

Excludes: Solid mineral fuel transportation affairs (classified to the appropriate class of COFOG-A 11).

A1C.72.

Petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432) includes natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases and refinery gases, oil from wells or other sources such as shale or tar sands and the distribution of town gas regardless of its composition. This category consists of:

• the administration of petroleum and natural gas affairs and services; conservation, discovery, development and rationalised exploitation of petroleum and natural gas resources; supervision and regulation of the extraction, processing, distribution and use of petroleum and natural gas;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on petroleum and natural gas affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the petroleum extraction industry and the industry refining crude petroleum and related liquid and gaseous products.

Includes: Price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production.

Excludes: Petroleum or gas transportation affairs (classified to the appropriate class of COFOG-A 11).

A1C.73.

Nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433) consists of:

• the administration of nuclear fuel affairs and services; conservation, discovery, development and rationalised exploitation of nuclear material resources; supervision and regulation of the extraction and processing of nuclear fuel materials and of the manufacture, distribution and use of nuclear fuel elements;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on nuclear fuel affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the nuclear materials mining industry and the industries processing such materials.

Includes: Price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production.

Excludes: Nuclear fuel transportation affairs (classified to the appropriate class of COFOG-A 11); disposal of radioactive wastes (classified to waste management not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0519)).

A1C.74.

Other fuels (COFOG-A 0434) consists of:

• the administration of affairs and services involving fuels such as alcohol, wood and wood wastes, bagasse and other non-commercial fuels;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on availability, production and utilisation of such fuels; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to promote the use of such fuels for the production of energy.

Includes: Price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production.

Excludes: Forest management (classified to forestry (COFOG-A 0422)); wind and solar heat (classified to electricity (COFOG-A 0435) or non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436)); geothermal resources (classified to non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436)).

A1C.75.

Electricity (COFOG-A 0435) includes both traditional sources of electricity such as thermal or hydro supplies and newer sources such as wind or solar heat. This category consists of:

• the administration of electricity affairs and services; conservation, development and rationalised exploitation of electricity supplies; supervision and regulation of the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity;
• the construction or operation of non-enterprise-type electricity supply systems;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on electricity affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the electricity supply industry, including such expenditure for the construction of dams and other works designed chiefly to provide electricity.

Includes: Price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production; wave energy.

Excludes: Non-electric energy produced by wind, solar heat, steam, hot water or hot air (classified to non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436)).

A1C.76.

Non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436) consists of:

• the administration of non-electric energy affairs and services which chiefly concern the production, distribution and utilisation of heat in the form of steam, hot water or hot air;
• the construction or operation of non-enterprise-type systems supplying non-electric energy;
• the production and dissemination of general information; technical documentation and statistics on availability, production and utilisation of non-electric energy; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to promote the use of non-electric energy.

Includes: Geothermal resources; non-electric energy produced by wind or solar heat; price control; measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production.

A1C.77.

Fuel and energy not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0439) consists of

• the administration, operation or support of activities such as formulation, administration, coordination and monitoring of overall policies, plans, programs and budgets relating to fuel and energy affairs and services;
• the preparation and enforcement of legislation and standards related to fuel and energy affairs and services; and
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics relating to fuel and energy affairs and services.

Includes: Measures designed to reduce or increase consumption or production of both fuel and energy that cannot be classified to coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431), petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432), nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433), other fuels (COFOG-A 0434), electricity (COFOG-A 0435) or non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436); fuel and energy affairs and services that cannot be classified to coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431), petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432), nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433), other fuels (COFOG-A 0434), electricity (COFOG-A 0435) or non-electric energy (COFOG-A 0436).

Excludes: Transportation of fuel (classified to the appropriate class of COFOG-A 11).

A1C.78.

Mining, manufacturing and construction (COFOG-A 044) consists of government expenditure on mining, manufacturing and construction. This category is further classified into:

• mining of mineral resources other than mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0441);
• manufacturing (COFOG-A 0442); and
• construction (COFOG-A 0443).

A1C.79.

Mining of mineral resources other than mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0441) includes metal-bearing minerals, sand, clay, stone, chemical and fertiliser minerals, salt, gemstones, asbestos, gypsum, etc. This category consists of:

• the administration of mining and mineral resource affairs and services; conservation, discovery, development and rationalised exploitation of mineral resources; supervision and regulation of prospecting, mining, marketing and other aspects of mineral production;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on mining and mineral resource affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support commercial mining activities.

Includes: Issuance of licenses and leases; regulation of production rates; inspection of mines for conformity to safety regulations, etc.; advances and bounties to foster mineral developments and production.

Excludes: Coal and other solid fuels (classified to coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431)); petroleum and natural gas (classified to petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432)); nuclear fuel materials (classified to nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433)).

A1C.80.

Manufacturing (COFOG-A 0442) consists of:

• the administration of manufacturing affairs and services; development, expansion or improvement of manufacturing; supervision and regulation of the establishment and operation of manufacturing plants; liaison with manufacturers' associations and other organisations interested in manufacturing affairs and services;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on manufacturing activities and manufactured products; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support manufacturing enterprises.

Includes:  Inspection of manufacturing premises for conformity with safety regulations, protection of consumers against dangerous products, etc.; marketing schemes for processed primary products such as meat, timber, dried fruits and packaged fish; payments supporting export marketing; grants, loans and subsidies to road vehicle manufacturers and shipbuilders; grants, loans and subsidies to rolling stock manufacturers; grants, loans and subsidies to aircraft manufacturers.

Excludes: Affairs and services concerning the coal processing industry (classified to coal and other solid mineral fuels (COFOG-A 0431)), the petroleum refinery industry (classified to petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432)) or the nuclear fuel industry (classified to nuclear fuel (COFOG-A 0433)).

A1C.81.

Construction (COFOG-A 0443) consists of:

• the administration of construction affairs and services; supervision of the construction industry; development and regulation of construction standards; and
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on construction affairs and services.

Includes: Issuance of certificates permitting occupancy; inspection of construction sites for conformity with safety regulations, etc.

Excludes: Grants, loans and subsidies for the construction of housing, industrial buildings, streets, public utilities, cultural facilities, mines, farm buildings, etc. (classified according to function); development and regulation of housing standards (classified to housing development (COFOG-A 0611)).

A1C.82.

Communication (COFOG-A 045) consists of government expenditure on communication. This category is further classified into:

• communication (COFOG-A 0451).

A1C.83.

Communication (COFOG-A 0451) consists of:

• the administration of affairs and services concerning construction, extension, improvement, operation and maintenance of communication systems (postal, telephone, telegraph, wireless and satellite communication systems);
• the regulation of communication system operations (granting of franchises, assignment of frequencies, specification of markets to be served and tariffs to be charged, etc.);
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on communication affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the construction, operation, maintenance or upgrading of communication systems.

Includes: Planning and designing communication systems.

Excludes: Radio and satellite navigation aids for water transport (classified to urban water transport passenger services (COFOG-A 1131), urban water transport freight services (COFOG-A 1132) or non-urban water transport services (COFOG-A 1133)) and air transport (classified to air transport (COFOG-A 1151)); radio and television broadcasting systems (classified to broadcasting services (COFOG-A 0831)).

A1C.84.

Other industries (COFOG-A 046) consists of government expenditure on other industries. This category is further classified into:

• distributive trades, storage and warehousing (COFOG-A 0461);
• hotels and restaurants (COFOG-A 0462);
• tourism (COFOG-A 0463); and
• multipurpose development projects (COFOG-A 0464).

A1C.85.

Distributive trades, storage and warehousing (COFOG-A 0461) consists of:

• the administration of affairs and services concerning the distributive trade and the storage and warehousing industry;
• the supervision and regulation of wholesale and retail trade (licensing, sales practices, labelling of packaged food and other goods intended for household consumption, inspection of scales and other weighing machines, etc.) and of the storage and warehousing industry (including licensing and control of government-bonded warehouses, etc.);
• the administration of price control and rationing schemes operating through retailers or wholesalers regardless of the type of goods involved or intended consumer; administration and provision of food and other such subsidies to the general public;
• the production and dissemination of information to the trade and to the public on prices, on the availability of goods and on other aspects of the distributive trade and the storage and warehousing industry; compilation and publication of statistics on the distributive trade and the storage and warehousing industry; and

• grants, loans or subsidies to support the distributive trade and the storage and warehousing industry.

Includes: Consumer interest and protection affairs; regulation of weights and measures including metric conversion; inspection of wholesale or retail shops; provision and operation of storage facilities such as grain elevators, bulk sugar terminals and wool stores; distribution and storage of agricultural produce.

Excludes: Administration of price and other controls applied to the producer (classified according to function); food and other such subsidies applicable to particular population groups or individuals (classified to the appropriate class of COFOG-A 10); distribution of town gas (classified to petroleum and natural gas (COFOG-A 0432)).

A1C.86.

Hotels and restaurants (COFOG-A 0462) consists of:

• the administration of affairs and services concerning construction, extension, improvement, operation and maintenance of hotels and restaurants;
• the supervision and regulation of hotel and restaurant operations (regulations governing prices, cleanliness and sales practices, hotel and restaurant licensing, etc.);
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on hotel and restaurant affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the construction, operation, maintenance or upgrading of hotels and restaurants.

Includes: Liquor control commissions.

A1C.87.

Tourism (COFOG-A 0463) consists of

• the administration of tourism affairs and services; promotion and development of tourism; liaison with the transport, hotel and restaurant industries and other industries benefitting from the presence of tourists;
• the operation of tourist offices both at home and abroad, etc.; organisation of advertising campaigns including the production and dissemination of promotional literature and the like; and
• compilation and publication of statistics on tourism.

Includes: Tourism information offices; national, regional or local celebrations intended chiefly to attract tourists.

Excludes: National parks and wildlife services (classified to protection of biodiversity and landscape (COFOG-A 0541)); caravan parks and camping grounds (classified to recreational and sporting services (COFOG-A 0811)); bus transportation connected with tourism (classified to urban bus transport (COFOG-A 1121) or non-urban bus transport (COFOG-A 1122)).

A1C.88.

Multipurpose development projects (COFOG-A 0464) includes projects that typically comprise integrated facilities for generation of power, flood control, irrigation, navigation and recreation. This category consists of:

• the administration of affairs and services concerning construction, extension, improvement, operation and maintenance of multipurpose projects;
• the production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on multipurpose development project affairs and services; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support the construction, operation, maintenance or upgrading of multipurpose development projects.

Excludes: Projects with one main function and other functions that are secondary (classified according to main function); construction of community centres, multipurpose halls and civic centres mainly used for recreation and cultural pursuits (classified to community centres and halls (COFOG-A 0891)).

A1C.89.

Research and development - economic affairs (COFOG-A 047) consists of government expenditure on research and development relating to economic affairs. Definitions of basic research, applied research and experimental development are given under COFOG-A 014 and COFOG-A 015. This category is further classified into:

• research and development - general economic, commercial and labour affairs (COFOG-A 0471);
• research and development - agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (COFOG-A 0472);
• research and development - fuel and energy (COFOG-A 0473);
• research and development - mining, manufacturing and construction (COFOG-A 0474);
• research and development - communication (COFOG-A 0475); and
• research and development - other industries (COFOG-A 0476).

A1C.90.

Research and development - general economic, commercial and labour affairs (COFOG-A 0471) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to general economic, commercial and labour affairs; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to general economic, commercial and labour affairs undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141))

A1C.91.

Research and development - agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (COFOG-A 0472) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Includes: Research into land conservation, reclamation and expansion; research into problems of land reform and settlement; research into fertiliser use and other means of improving output; research into veterinary medicine and animal husbandry; research into eradication or control of pests, vermin, plant diseases and other destructive agents; veterinary medicine and animal husbandry costs connected to agricultural research; research into all aspects of forest management and exploitation; research into fish management and related problems of the fishing industry; research into wild animal management and related problems of the hunting industry.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)).

A1C.92.

Research and development - fuel and energy (COFOG-A 0473) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to fuel and energy; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to fuel and energy undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)).

A1C.93.

Research and development - mining, manufacturing and construction (COFOG-A 0474) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to mining, manufacturing and construction; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to mining, manufacturing and construction undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Includes: Research into manufacturing methods, materials and industrial management; research into construction methods, materials and productivity affecting construction.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)).

A1C.94.

Research and development - communication (COFOG-A 0475) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to communication; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to communication undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Includes: Research into communication equipment and technology.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)).

A1C.95.

Research and development - other industries (COFOG-A 0476) consists of:

• the administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to other sectors; and
• grants, loans or subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to other sectors undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities.

Includes: Distributive trades, storage and warehousing; hotels and restaurants; tourism; multipurpose development projects; saleyards and markets.

Excludes: Basic research (classified to basic research (COFOG-A 0141)); research and development related to transport (classified to research and development - transport (COFOG-A 1181)).

A1C.96.

Economic affairs not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 049) consists of government expenditure on economic affairs not elsewhere classified. This category is further classified into:

• economic affairs not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0499).

A1C.97.

Economic affairs not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0499) consists of:

the administration, operation or support of activities relating to general and sectoral economic affairs that cannot be classified to general economic, commercial and labour affairs (COFOG-A 041), agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (COFOG-A 042), fuel and energy (COFOG-A 043), mining, manufacturing and construction (COFOG-A 044), communication (COFOG-A 045), other industries (COFOG-A 046) or research and development - economic affairs (COFOG-A 047).

Includes: Fish markets; produce markets; saleyards.

Excludes: General public services not connected with a specific function (classified to general public services not elsewhere classified (COFOG-A 0199)).