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Work
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION ATTAINMENT AND GENDER OF 25-64 YEAR OLDS
| | Below upper secondary education | | Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education | | Tertiary non-University education | | University education | | All levels of education |
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| Reference year | Males | Females | | Males | Females | | Males | Females | | Males | Females | | Males | Females |
Country | | % | % | | % | % | | % | % | | % | % | | % | % |
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Australia | 2001 | 8.1 | 7.0 | | 4.5 | 5.2 | | 4.5 | 3.9 | | 2.5 | 2.6 | | 5.2 | 5.1 |
Canada | 2001 | 10.2 | 10.2 | | 6.2 | 6.2 | | 4.8 | 4.5 | | 4.4 | 4.4 | | 6.2 | 5.8 |
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province) | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
France | 2001 | 9.7 | 14.4 | | 5.1 | 9.3 | | 4.3 | 5.0 | | 4.1 | 5.6 | | 6.2 | 9.8 |
Greece | 2001 | 4.9 | 12.3 | | 6.2 | 15.1 | | 4.9 | 8.3 | | 4.5 | 9.6 | | 5.3 | 12.5 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
Indonesia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
Italy | 2001 | 6.9 | 14.0 | | 4.9 | 9.3 | | (a) | (a) | | 3.8 | 7.2 | | 5.8 | 10.7 |
Japan | 2001 | 6.9 | 4.3 | | 4.8 | 4.7 | | 3.2 | 3.8 | | 2.8 | 3.1 | | 4.4 | 4.2 |
Korea (Republic of) | 2001 | 4.3 | 1.8 | | 3.7 | 2.7 | | 5.0 | 3.3 | | 3.2 | 2.0 | | 3.8 | 2.3 |
Malaysia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
New Zealand | 2001 | 7.4 | 5.9 | | 3.0 | 3.6 | | 4.4 | 2.9 | | 2.8 | 3.2 | | 4.0 | 3.9 |
Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
Singapore | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
Sweden | 2001 | 5.6 | 6.4 | | 5.0 | 4.2 | | 3.4 | 2.5 | | 2.6 | 2.2 | | 4.5 | 3.8 |
United Kingdom | 2001 | 9.4 | 5.7 | | 4.1 | 3.7 | | 2.7 | 1.7 | | 2.0 | 1.9 | | 4.1 | 3.4 |
United States of America | 2001 | 7.5 | 8.9 | | 4.2 | 3.4 | | 2.5 | 2.3 | | 1.9 | 2.0 | | 3.7 | 3.3 |
Viet Nam | . . | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. | | n.a. | n.a. |
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(a) Data for Tertiary non-University are included in University education column.
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2002, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 2002, OECD, Paris.
LABOUR FORCE
| | | | | Participation rate of persons
aged 15 to 64 years |
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| Reference year | Economically active population(a) | | Reference year | Total | Males | Females(a) |
Country | | '000 | | | % | % | % |
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Australia | 2001 | 9,796.3 | | 1999 | 72.9 | 82.1 | 63.9 |
Canada | 2001 | 16,246.2 | | 2000 | 76.3 | 82.1 | 70.5 |
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province) | 1990 | 647,244.7 | | 1995 | 85.4 | 90.1 | 80.4 |
France | 2001 | 26,384.7 | | 2000 | 68.0 | 74.4 | 61.7 |
Greece | 2001 | 4,362.2 | | 1998 | 62.5 | 77.1 | 48.5 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 2001 | 3,423.7 | | 1998 | 70.0 | 84.0 | 55.8 |
Indonesia | 1999 | 95,793.2 | | 1999 | 69.6 | 86.3 | 53.2 |
Italy | 2001 | 23,900.0 | | 1999 | 59.8 | 74.1 | 45.5 |
Japan | 2001 | 67,520.0 | | 2000 | 72.5 | 85.2 | 59.6 |
Korea (Republic of) | 2001 | 22,181.0 | | 1999 | 63.9 | 77.3 | 50.7 |
Malaysia | 2000 | 9,616.1 | | 1999 | 64.3 | 82.8 | 44.7 |
New Zealand | 2001 | 1,925.8 | | 1999 | 75.2 | 83.2 | 67.4 |
Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | | 1995 | 79.1 | 88.7 | 68.7 |
Singapore | 2001 | 2,119.7 | | 1998 | 69.0 | 82.7 | 56.3 |
Sweden | 2001 | 4,415.0 | | 1999 | 78.5 | 80.9 | 76.0 |
United Kingdom | 2001 | 29,638.3 | | 1999 | 76.3 | 84.1 | 68.4 |
United States of America | 2001 | 141,815.0 | | 2000 | 77.2 | 83.9 | 70.8 |
Viet Nam | 1989 | 29,525.5 | | 1995 | 82.6 | 86.0 | 79.4 |
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(a) Participation rates for women are frequently not comparable internationally since, in many countries, relatively large numbers of women assist on farms or in other family enterprises without pay. There are differences between countries in the criteria used to count economically active workers.
Source: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour Statistics 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002; International Labour Office, Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-02.
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT(a)
| Reference year | Employment | Reference year | Unemployment | Unemployment rate |
Country | | '000 | | '000 | % |
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Australia | 2001 | 9,123.9 | 2001 | 666.7 | 6.8 |
Canada | 2001 | 15,076.8 | 2001 | 1,169.5 | 7.2 |
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province)(b) | 2000 | 711,500.0 | 2000 | 5,950.0 | 3.1 |
France | 2001 | 23,759.0 | 2001 | 2,285.0 | 8.8 |
Greece | 2001 | 3,917.5 | 2001 | 444.7 | 10.2 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 2001 | 3,249.1 | 2001 | 174.4 | 5.1 |
Indonesia | 2000 | 89,824.0 | 2000 | 5,872.0 | n.a. |
Italy | 2001 | 21,634.0 | 2001 | 2,267.0 | 9.5 |
Japan | 2001 | 64,120.0 | 2001 | 3,400.0 | 5.0 |
Korea (Republic of) | 2000 | 21,061.0 | 2000 | 889.0 | 4.1 |
Malaysia | 2001 | 9,450.8 | 2001 | 374.0 | 3.9 |
New Zealand | 2001 | 1,823.4 | 2001 | 102.3 | 5.3 |
Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. | n.a. |
Singapore | 2001 | 2,046.7 | 2001 | 72.9 | 3.4 |
Sweden | 2001 | 4,239.0 | 2001 | 175.0 | 4.0 |
United Kingdom | 2001 | 28,225.4 | 2001 | 1,412.9 | 4.8 |
United States of America | 2001 | 135,073.0 | 2001 | 6,742.0 | 4.8 |
Viet Nam | 1997 | 36,994.0 | . . | n.a. | n.a. |
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(a) For most countries the employed and unemployed populations are aged 15 years and over. However, the age range varies for some countries: China and Viet Nam - Not specified; Malaysia - 15-64 years; Sweden - 16-64 years; UK and USA - 16 years and over. Definitions also vary in terms of the inclusion or exclusion of certain other segments of the population such as the armed forces.
(b) Employment relates to total economy; unemployment relates to urban areas only.
Source: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour Statistics 2002.
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