1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2007  
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Contents >> Science and Innovation >> Resources devoted to R&D

RESOURCES DEVOTED TO R&D

BUSINESS SECTOR

Business expenditure on R&D (BERD) in 2003-04 was $7,220 million (m) or 10% higher than that recorded in 2002-03 (table 25.2). This is the highest level recorded and is the fifth successive year of increase following the declines from 1995-96 to 1998-99 and the levelling off between 1998-99 and 1999-2000. In volume terms, with the effect of changes in prices and wages and salaries removed, BERD increased by 7% compared with 2002-03.

Human resources devoted to R&D in 2003-04 totalled 38,093 person years, 7% higher than in 2002-03 (table 25.3).

In 2003-04 Australia's BERD was 0.89% of GDP, subsequent to a levelling off in 2002-03. Table 25.7 shows Australia's BERD/GDP ratio compared with those of other OECD countries for which comparable data is available.


25.7 BUSINESS EXPENDITURE ON R&D AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP, OECD countries
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
Country
%
%
%
%
Sweden
n.a.
3.31
n.a.
2.95
Finland
2.41
2.42
2.41
2.46
Japan
2.12
2.26
2.32
2.36
Korea, Republic of (South)
1.77
1.97
1.90
2.01
United States of America
2.04
2.00
1.87
1.79
Denmark
n.a.
1.65
1.75
n.a.
Germany
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.73
Belgium
1.48
1.60
1.63
1.71
Iceland
1.55
1.80
1.77
1.67
France
1.36
1.41
1.43
1.36
United Kingdom
1.21
1.24
1.26
1.24
Canada
1.15
1.27
1.09
1.03
Norway
n.a.
0.96
0.96
1.00
Netherlands
1.11
1.10
1.02
0.99
Australia
0.74
0.87
0.87
0.89
Ireland
0.82
0.78
0.77
0.80
Czech Republic
0.74
0.74
0.75
0.77
Spain
0.50
0.50
0.56
0.60
Italy
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.55
New Zealand
n.a.
0.42
n.a.
0.47
Slovak Republic
0.43
0.43
0.37
0.32
Hungary
0.35
0.38
0.36
0.35
Portugal
0.22
0.27
0.30
n.a.
Turkey
0.21
0.24
0.19
n.a.
Poland
0.24
0.23
0.12
0.15
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2004.


Manufacturing industry was the largest contributor (46%) to total BERD. Property and business services, Mining and Finance and insurance industries were the next largest contributors to BERD at 23%, 11% and 9% respectively. The net increase in BERD between 2002-03 and 2003-04 was attributable to a 28% increase by the Mining industry, and a 13% increase by the Manufacturing industry. It should be noted that mineral exploration is excluded from the definition of R&D (table 25.8).

Manufacturing and Property and business services industries contributed the highest levels of human resources to R&D at 49% and 30% of total effort respectively. In 2003-04, the Mining and Manufacturing industries recorded increases in human resources devoted to R&D from 2002-03, of 43% and 6% respectively. Finance and insurance, and Property and business services industries also showed increases of 17% and 18% respectively. Wholesale trade recorded a decrease of 13%.(table 25.8).


25.8 BUSINESS R&D RESOURCES, By industry(a)
Businesses
Expenditure on R&D
Human resources devoted to R&D
2002-03
2003-04
2002-03
2003-04
2002-03
2003-04
no.
no.
$m
$m
’000 person years
’000 person years
Mining
142
168
612
783
0.7
1.0
Manufacturing
1,929
2,287
2,908
3,294
17.8
18.8
Electricity, gas and water supply
45
42
64
75
0.2
0.2
Construction
96
112
147
128
0.5
0.4
Wholesale trade
298
292
342
290
2.4
2.1
Retail trade
64
74
22
31
0.2
0.2
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants
n.p.
-
n.p.
-
n.p.
-
Transport and storage
28
26
36
38
0.2
0.2
Communication services
39
51
394
247
1.0
0.6
Finance and insurance
56
67
603
625
2.4
2.8
Property and business services
1,498
1,895
1,375
1,650
9.8
11.6
Education
n.p.
13
n.p.
4
n.p.
-
Health and community services
46
52
21
20
0.1
0.2
Cultural and recreational services
17
19
24
21
0.2
0.1
Personal and other services
12
18
18
15
0.1
-
Total
4,279
5,116
6,571
7,220
35.6
38.1
(a) Classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZIC), 1993 edition.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2003-04 (8104.0).


Engineering and technology, and Information, computing and communication sciences were the research fields with the highest R&D expenditure, at 54% and 26% respectively (table 25.9).

Engineering and technology, and Information, computing and communication sciences research fields recorded the highest proportion of total human resources effort on R&D, contributing 49% and 33% respectively (table 25.9).


25.9 BUSINESS R&D RESOURCES, By research field(a) - 2003-04
Expenditure on R&D
Capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
devoted to R&D
$'m
$m
$m
$m
’000 person years
Mathematical sciences
0.6
14.7
7.3
22.6
0.2
Physical sciences
1.9
26.6
17.9
46.5
0.3
Chemical sciences
13.2
86.4
110.0
209.6
1.2
Earth sciences
15.1
26.8
100.0
141.9
0.3
Biological sciences
16.1
110.4
100.1
226.6
1.3
Information, computing and communication sciences
73.7
1,168.7
658.1
1,900.4
12.6
Engineering and technology
311.0
1,422.3
2,185.5
3,918.8
18.6
Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences
25.8
83.6
125.8
235.3
1.2
Architecture, urban environment and building
1.9
9.6
21.6
33.1
0.1
Medical and health sciences
30.8
192.5
231.8
455.1
2.1
Education
0.1
2.3
2.7
5.1
-
Economics
0.1
3.2
2.2
5.6
-
Commerce, management, tourism and services
0.8
8.1
6.9
15.8
0.1
Studies in human society
-
0.1
0.1
0.2
-
Behavioural and cognitive sciences
-
0.5
0.3
0.9
-
Law, justice and law enforcement
n.p.
0.1
n.p.
0.5
-
Journalism, librarianship and curatorial studies
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
The Arts
-
1.2
0.9
2.2
-
Language and culture
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
History and archaeology
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
n.p.
Total
491.3
3,157.2
3,571.7
7,220.2
38.1
(a) Data were subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2003-04 (8104.0).


In terms of socioeconomic objectives, business directed 90% of R&D expenditure into Economic development ($6,532m). About 6% was directed towards Society, 3% towards Defence and 1% towards Environment. Within Economic development, Manufacturing was the subdivision with the highest expenditure ($2,929m) followed by Information and communication services ($1,125m) (table 25.10).

The same pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 88% (33,700 person years of effort) directed towards Economic development, 7% directed towards Society, 4% towards Defence and 1% towards Environment. Within Economic development the subdivisions with the highest proportion of total human resources devoted to R&D were Manufacturing (44%), and Information and communication services (20%) (table 25.10).


25.10 BUSINESS R&D RESOURCES, By socioeconomic objective(a) - 2003-04
Expenditure on R&D
Capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
devoted to R&D
$m
$m
$m
$m
'000 person years
Defence
4.8
104.0
68.6
177.4
1.4
Economic development
Plant - production and primary products
10.0
42.5
47.3
99.9
0.6
Animal - production and primary products
8.2
22.6
37.5
68.3
0.3
Mineral resources (excl. energy)
37.6
102.2
511.3
651.1
1.2
Energy resources
23.3
53.9
190.9
268.1
0.6
Energy supply
40.7
49.5
80.5
170.8
0.7
Manufacturing
208.1
1,280.1
1,441.3
2,929.5
16.7
Construction
17.3
85.3
165.0
267.6
1.0
Transport
16.5
56.2
55.0
127.7
0.8
Information and communication services
53.4
648.1
423.4
1,124.9
7.7
Commercial services and tourism
25.9
459.8
323.7
809.4
4.0
Economic framework
0.6
9.8
4.6
15.0
0.1
Total
441.7
2,810.1
3,280.6
6,532.4
33.7
Society
Health
34.4
184.1
172.0
390.5
2.1
Education and training
0.9
10.1
5.5
16.5
0.2
Social development and community services
2.3
19.8
10.1
32.1
0.3
Total
37.5
214.0
187.6
439.1
2.6
Environment
Environmental policy frameworks and other aspects
1.0
9.1
8.5
18.6
0.1
Environmental management
6.1
18.4
25.4
49.9
0.3
Total
7.1
27.5
34.0
68.5
0.4
Non-oriented research
0.2
1.5
1.0
2.7
-
Total
491.3
3,157.2
3,571.7
7,220.2
38.1
(a) Data were subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2003-04 (8104.0).


BIOTECHNOLOGY-RELATED R&D

Information was collected by the ABS in 2003-04 on biotechnology-related R&D. Biotechnology is the application of science and engineering principles to living organisms as well as parts, products or models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services.

In 2003-04, 304 businesses performed and/or paid another to perform biotechnology-related R&D, totalling $378m in expenditure. As businesses could both perform and pay another to perform their R&D, the sum of businesses in table 25.11 is higher than the actual count of businesses (304). There was $271m (4% of BERD) of biotechnology-related R&D expenditure, which was performed by 227 businesses. There were 155 businesses which paid $107m to others to perform biotechnology-related R&D (table 25.11).

Property and business services industry reported the highest number of biotechnology R&D active businesses and the highest level of expenditure on both biotechnology-related R&D performed by the business ($187m) and paid to another ($81m) (table 25.11).


25.11 EXPENDITURE ON BIOTECHNOLOGY-RELATED R&D, By industry - 2003-04
Industry
Units
Manufacturing
Wholesale
trade
Property and
business
services
Other
industries
n.e.c.
Total
Businesses that
Performed biotechnology-related R&Dno.
60
13
138
16
227
Paid another to perform biotechnology-related R&Dno.
38
11
101
5
155
Expenditure on biotechnology-related R&D
Performed by this business
For own purposes$m
n.p.
n.p.
141.5
8.1
223.4
For another$m
n.p.
n.p.
45.5
-
47.5
Total$m
72.4
3.2
187.1
8.1
270.8
Paid to another organisation to perform who were
Located within Australia$m
n.p.
n.p.
54.0
0.6
76.2
Located overseas$m
n.p.
n.p.
27.2
-
30.8
Total$m
20.5
4.8
81.2
0.6
107.0
Total$m
92.9
8.0
268.3
8.7
377.8
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2003-04 (8104.0).


Most businesses classified their biotechnology-related R&D to Human health which represented $263m or 70% of total biotechnology-related R&D. Agricultural biotechnology had the next highest expenditure of $43m or 11% of total biotechnology-related R&D expenditure.

Of the 304 biotechnology R&D active businesses, approximately half (155) paid others to perform biotechnology-related R&D. There were 145 businesses which paid one or more Australian organisations to perform biotechnology-related R&D on their behalf. Of these 66% paid a university or other higher education institution, 13% paid the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 30% paid another government or private non-profit research institute, 27% paid a contract research organisation and 15% paid another business.

There were 36 businesses which paid overseas organisations to perform biotechnology-related R&D. The locations most frequently reported were the United States of America, England and Canada.

The most common reason cited for outsourcing biotechnology-related R&D was a lack of technical skill/expertise.

GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR

Expenditure on R&D carried out by Commonwealth, and state and territory government organisations in 2002-03 was $2,482m, a 5% increase on expenditure in 2000-01 (table 25.2).

The research fields in which most government R&D expenditure took place were: Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences ($761m, or 31%); Engineering and technology ($424m, or 17%); Biological sciences ($263m, or 11%); Earth sciences ($242m, or 10%); and Medical and health sciences ($198m, or 8%) (table 25.12).

A slightly different pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences accounting for 32%; Engineering and technology 17%; Medical and health sciences 12%; Biological sciences 11%; and Earth sciences 7% (table 25.12).


25.12 GOVERNMENT R&D RESOURCES, By research field(a) - 2002-03
Expenditure on R&D
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
devoted to R&D
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
’000 person years
Mathematical sciences
1.4
1.2
22.0
11.5
36.1
0.3
Physical sciences
5.5
9.5
66.5
38.2
119.6
0.8
Chemical sciences
5.4
10.9
64.1
41.3
121.8
0.8
Earth sciences
13.7
16.5
102.1
110.2
242.5
1.3
Biological sciences
19.6
14.9
132.1
96.8
263.4
2.0
Information, computing and communication sciences
3.9
6.0
88.2
83.6
181.7
1.1
Engineering and technology
18.8
24.3
235.2
146.1
424.4
3.1
Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences
26.3
21.3
371.4
342.3
761.3
5.9
Medical and health sciences
3.2
9.1
125.9
60.2
198.4
2.2
Economics
0.4
1.0
33.7
22.7
57.7
0.5
Law, justice and law enforcement
0.3
0.3
9.6
5.9
16.1
0.1
Other research fields
1.7
2.6
36.5
18.3
59.1
0.5
Total
100.1
117.5
1,287.3
977.2
2,482.2
18.5
Commonwealth
88.2
92.5
785.5
565.1
1,531.3
10.2
State and territory
11.9
25.0
501.8
412.1
950.9
8.4
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-profit Organisations, Australia, 2002-03 (8109.0).


In terms of socioeconomic objectives, most government sector R&D expenditure ($1,341m or 54%) was directed towards Economic development (table 25.13). About 20% was directed towards Environment, 12% towards Society, 11% towards Defence, and 2% to Non-oriented research. Of the amount directed towards Economic development, $377m (28%) was directed towards Plant production and primary products; $278m (21%) towards Animal production and primary products; and $233m (17%) towards Manufacturing (table 25.13).

A slightly different pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 51% directed towards Economic development, 18% towards Environment, 17% towards Society, 13% towards Defence, and 2% to Non-oriented research (table 25.13).


25.13 GOVERNMENT R&D RESOURCES, By socioeconomic objective(a) - 2002-03
Expenditure on R&D
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
devoted to R&D
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
’000 person years
Defence
0.3
12.2
194.2
77.2
283.9
2.4
Economic development
Plant - production and primary products
11.1
9.4
185.2
171.7
377.4
2.9
Animal - production and primary products
9.1
7.3
133.1
128.0
277.6
2.2
Mineral resources (excl. energy)
5.4
5.5
44.9
41.9
97.7
0.5
Energy resources
2.9
1.9
27.6
26.5
59.0
0.3
Energy supply
2.1
1.0
13.9
9.4
26.4
0.2
Manufacturing
15.1
20.6
109.6
88.1
233.4
1.6
Construction
2.6
1.6
21.4
12.8
38.4
0.2
Transport
0.3
0.4
6.4
8.1
15.3
0.1
Information and communication services
4.9
2.5
31.0
14.4
52.9
0.4
Commercial services and tourism
0.7
2.1
17.1
7.1
27.1
0.2
Economic framework
1.4
1.7
57.9
74.7
135.7
0.7
Total
55.6
54.1
648.1
582.9
1,340.7
9.4
Society
Health
3.4
10.3
140.6
73.6
228.0
2.5
Education and training
0.2
0.1
8.4
3.0
11.7
0.1
Social development and community services
2.3
2.0
35.2
20.5
59.9
0.5
Total
5.9
12.5
184.3
97.0
299.6
3.1
Environment
Environmental policy frameworks and other aspects
1.3
1.2
19.2
13.9
35.7
0.3
Environmental management
34.4
32.5
217.7
188.5
473.1
3.0
Total
35.8
33.7
236.9
202.4
508.7
3.3
Non-oriented research
2.7
5.1
23.8
17.7
49.2
0.4
Total
100.1
117.5
1,287.3
977.2
2,482.2
18.5
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-profit Organisations, Australia, 2002-03 (8109.0).


HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR

Estimated expenditure on R&D carried out by the higher education sector in 2002 was $3,430m, an increase of 23% over expenditure in 2000, and 34% over expenditure in 1998 (table 25.2).

The major fields of research in which higher education R&D expenditure took place in 2002 were: Medical and health sciences ($864m, or 25% of total expenditure); Biological sciences ($410m, or 12%); Engineering and technology ($375m, or 11%); and Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences ($235m, or 7%). Direct labour costs accounted for 42% of total R&D expenditure (table 25.14).

A slightly different pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 19% on Medical and health sciences, 10% on Engineering and technology, 10% on Biological sciences and 6% on Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences (table 25.14).


25.14 HIGHER EDUCATION R&D RESOURCES, By research field(a) - 2002
Expenditure on R&D
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Direct
labour
costs
Scholar-
ships
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human
resources
devoted
to R&D
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
’000 person years
Mathematical sciences
0.9
2.5
30.4
4.1
26.1
64.0
0.8
Physical sciences
1.0
11.1
57.4
6.6
53.3
129.4
1.4
Chemical sciences
18.5
11.1
57.3
12.3
56.1
155.2
1.9
Earth sciences
1.1
11.2
47.4
7.7
46.7
114.1
1.5
Biological sciences
56.2
21.5
146.4
26.1
160.0
410.2
4.8
Information, computing and communication sciences
2.0
11.2
62.3
11.1
57.5
144.1
2.2
Engineering and technology
6.6
28.7
150.3
30.7
158.2
374.5
5.2
Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences
3.7
11.0
99.9
18.0
102.6
235.2
3.1
Medical and health sciences
16.0
44.0
353.1
41.2
409.6
863.8
9.4
Education
3.0
3.3
58.0
11.2
52.9
128.4
3.1
Economics
1.7
1.7
38.8
4.3
37.4
83.8
1.2
Commerce, management, tourism and services
3.3
4.0
65.4
7.3
57.2
137.2
2.5
Studies in human society
1.9
2.6
48.9
9.9
48.1
111.4
2.3
Behavioural and cognitive sciences
2.7
4.4
51.2
10.5
44.5
113.3
2.2
Other research fields
12.7
8.5
170.0
36.2
137.7
365.0
8.1
Total
131.2
176.7
1,436.8
237.3
1,447.6
3,429.6
49.6
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Higher Education Organisations, Australia, 2002 (8111.0).


In terms of socioeconomic objectives, most higher education R&D expenditure ($1,474m or 43%) was directed towards Society. About 29% was directed towards Economic development, 21% towards Non-oriented research and 6% towards Environment. The major subdivision within Society was Health with 28% of total R&D expenditure (table 25.15).

A similar pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 44% directed towards Society, 29% towards Economic development, 20% towards Non-oriented research and 7% to Environment (table 25.15).


25.15 HIGHER EDUCATION R&D RESOURCES, By socioeconomic objective(a) - 2002
Expenditure on R&D
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Direct
labour
costs
Scholar-
ships
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human
resources
devoted
to R&D
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
’000 person years
Defence
-
1.5
4.3
0.6
4.5
10.9
0.1
Economic development
Plant - production and primary products
1.1
5.5
47.9
8.2
53.0
115.8
1.5
Animal - production and primary products
1.5
4.2
32.7
6.0
32.3
76.6
1.0
Mineral resources (excl. energy)
0.4
3.7
24.0
3.5
27.3
58.8
0.7
Energy resources
0.8
3.6
14.0
2.2
14.4
35.0
0.5
Energy supply
0.7
3.5
15.8
3.5
17.0
40.6
0.5
Manufacturing
6.7
17.6
78.8
17.3
80.2
200.6
2.7
Construction
1.4
4.8
24.8
5.9
25.3
62.1
1.1
Transport
0.5
1.3
11.9
1.9
12.8
28.5
0.3
Information and communication services
2.1
11.1
70.9
11.9
65.8
161.8
2.4
Commercial services and tourism
1.0
1.5
21.3
2.3
16.5
42.6
0.7
Economic framework
3.2
4.4
79.3
9.2
73.2
169.3
2.8
Total
19.5
61.2
421.4
72.0
417.8
991.8
14.3
Society
Health
27.0
42.1
398.5
49.2
453.6
970.4
11.2
Education and training
3.4
4.5
71.1
15.4
66.5
160.8
3.5
Social development and community services
11.9
8.2
159.7
32.3
130.9
343.0
7.3
Total
42.3
54.8
629.2
96.9
651.0
1,474.2
22.0
Environment
Environmental policy frameworks and other aspects
0.6
1.4
15.1
3.2
13.9
34.3
0.5
Environmental management
4.2
10.7
77.1
15.5
79.2
186.7
2.9
Total
4.9
12.1
92.2
18.7
93.1
221.1
3.4
Non-oriented research
64.5
47.1
289.7
49.1
281.2
731.5
9.8
Total
131.2
176.7
1,436.8
237.3
1,447.6
3,429.6
49.6
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Higher Education Organisations, Australia, 2002 (8111.0).


PRIVATE NON-PROFIT SECTOR

Expenditure on R&D carried out by private non-profit organisations in 2002-03 was $360m, an increase an 24% on expenditure in 2000-01 (table 25.2).

Medical and health sciences comprised the major research field for R&D expenditure in the private non-profit sector, accounting for $221m (61%) of the total R&D expenditure in 2002-03. Labour costs continued to be the main component of R&D expenditure (50%) (table 25.16).

Medical and health sciences also comprised the leading research field in terms of human resource use (table 25.16).


25.16 PRIVATE NON-PROFIT R&D RESOURCES, By research field(a) - 2002-03
Type of expenditure
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
Person years
Mathematical sciences
0.1
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
Physical sciences
(b)n.p.
0.1
(b)n.p.
0.1
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
Chemical sciences
0.2
0.7
0.9
2.3
4.0
15
Earth sciences
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biological sciences
3.5
8.1
55.4
37.5
104.6
966
Information, computing and communication sciences
0.1
0.7
1.9
2.1
4.8
32
Engineering and technology
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
0.7
0.6
1.5
12
Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
1.0
0.9
2.1
18
Medical and health sciences
9.2
16.9
108.8
85.9
220.8
1,945
Other research fields
(b)n.p.
0.5
9.1
(b)n.p.
19.4
116
Total
13.7
27.5
178.8
139.6
359.5
3,117
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
(b) Not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-profit Organisations, Australia, 2002-03 (8109.0).


In the private non-profit sector, Health was the main socioeconomic objective, accounting for 90% or $324m of total R&D expenditure. Education and training accounted for $20m (6%), while $11m (3%) was directed towards Economic development (table 25.17).

A similar pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 92% directed towards Health, 4% towards Education and training, and 2% towards Economic development (table 25.17).


25.17 PRIVATE NON-PROFIT R&D RESOURCES, By socioeconomic objective(a) - 2002-03
Type of expenditure
Land
and
buildings
Other
capital
expenditure
Labour
costs
Other
current
expenditure
Total
Human resources
$m
$m
$m
$m
$m
Person years
Defence
-
-
-
-
-
-
Economic development
(b)n.p.
1.4
3.6
(b)n.p.
11.2
65
Society
Health
12.6
25.3
163.1
123.0
324.0
2,882
Education and training
(b)n.p.
0.6
9.4
(b)n.p.
20.1
119
Social development and community services
(b)n.p.
0.1
1.3
(b)n.p.
1.9
20
Total
13.0
26.0
173.7
133.2
345.9
3,021
Environment
-
(b)n.p.
1.0
(b)n.p.
1.7
21
Non-oriented research
(b)n.p.
(b)n.p.
0.5
0.2
0.8
10
Total
13.7
27.5
178.8
139.6
359.5
3,117
(a) Subjectively allocated by providers at the time of reporting, using OECD/ABS definitions. The ABS makes every effort to ensure correct and consistent interpretation and reporting of these data and applies consistent processing methodologies. Readers using these data should bear in mind the original subjectivity of the information.
(b) Not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated.
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-profit Organisations, Australia, 2002-03 (8109.0).



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