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For exports, country refers to the country to which the goods were consigned at the time of export. For imports, country refers to the country of origin of the goods, that is, where the majority of processing of the goods takes place. Where the country of consignment/origin is not known at the time of export/import, goods are recorded as Destination Unknown (exports) or Origin Unknown (imports).

Australia's merchandise trade balance moved from a deficit of $12,792m in 1999-2000 to a surplus of $1,338m in 2000-01, an improvement of $14,130m. The main trading partner contributors were:

• a $3,396m increase in the surplus with Japan as a result of a rise in exports of $4,657m (mainly Coal, coke and briquettes; Combined confidential items of trade and commodities n.e.s.; and Metalliferous ores and scrap metal). This was partly offset by a rise in imports of $1,261m (mainly Road vehicles including air-cushion vehicles);
• a $2,831m decrease in the deficit with the United States of America. This was due to a rise in exports of $2,051m (mainly Meat and meat preparations; Road vehicles including air-cushion vehicles; and Transport equipment excluding road vehicles) and a fall in imports of $778m (mainly Transport equipment excluding road vehicles);
• a $1,603m increase in the surplus with Singapore as a result of a rise in exports of $1,142m (mainly Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials) and a fall in imports of $460m (mainly Transport equipment excluding road vehicles);
• a $1,195m increase in the surplus with the Republic of Korea as a result of a rise in exports of $1,594m (mainly Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials; Coal, coke and briquettes; Metalliferous ores and scrap metal; and Non-monetary gold), partly offset by a rise in imports of $399m (mainly Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment); and

• a $1,092m increase in the surplus with Taiwan as a result of a rise in exports of $1,175m (mainly Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials; Coal, coke and briquettes; and Metalliferous ores and scrap metal).

• a $591m increase in the deficit with Viet Nam as a result of a rise in imports of $706m, mainly Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials;

• a $486m increase in the deficit with China as a result of a rise in imports of $2,366m (mainly Articles of apparel and clothing accessories; Office machines and automatic data processing machines; and Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.), partly offset by a rise in exports of $1,879m (mainly Combined confidential items of trade and commodities n.e.s.; and Metalliferous ores and scrap); and

• a $423m fall in the surplus with the United Arab Emirates as a result of a rise in imports of $713m (mainly Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials), partly offset by a rise in exports of $290m (mainly Road vehicles including air-cushion vehicles; and Combined confidential items of trade and commodities n.e.s.).

30.24 AUSTRALIA'S NET BALANCE OF TRADE, Partner Countries - 2000-01

30.27 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, Selected Countries - 2000-01
Commodity	China	Japan	Korea, Republic of	New Zealand	Singapore	Taiwan	United Kingdom	United States of America	Total all countries
(SITC Section)	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m
Food and live animals(a)	341	4,183	474	604	537	642	219	2,138	20,115
Beverages and tobacco	2	65	5	141	41	3	742	504	1,992
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels(a)	3,441	3,846	1,748	88	53	679	238	418	23,592
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials(a)	536	7,084	2,587	692	2,173	1,959	393	1,189	25,211
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes(a)	78	39	8	17	6	31	11	10	300
Chemical and related products, n.e.s.(a)	232	306	215	750	161	217	213	701	5,146
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material(a)	493	2,350	1,002	1,036	293	1,235	304	1,219	14,011
Machinery and transport equipment(a)	236	461	495	1,935	582	171	416	2,677	13,408
Miscellaneous manufactured articles(a)	98	206	129	908	241	51	227	942	4,455
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(b)	1,388	4,938	2,545	699	1,910	882	1,877	1,857	11,372
Total merchandise exports	6,846	23,479	9,209	6,872	5,997	5,871	4,639	11,654	119,602
(a) Excludes export commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia (5422.0).

30.28 MERCHANDISE IMPORTS, Selected Countries - 2000-01
	China	Germany	Japan	Korea, Republic of	Malaysia	New Zealand	United Kingdom	United States of America	Total all countries
Commodity (SITC Section)	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m
Food and live animals(a)	152	55	78	34	86	817	141	438	4,236
Beverages and tobacco	17	10	5	1	2	136	196	182	907
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels(a)	68	28	54	34	94	410	48	280	1,922
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials(a)	139	6	114	65	774	389	4	254	10,473
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes(a)	5	10	1	0	78	4	3	5	285
Chemical and related products, n.e.s.(a)	443	1,010	482	247	183	379	1,495	3,778	14,200
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material(a)	1,531	734	1,229	737	300	996	523	1,637	14,055
Machinery and transport equipment(a)	2,586	3,555	12,270	2,850	2,185	710	2,889	11,785	53,492
Miscellaneous manufactured articles(a)	4,838	586	831	175	378	489	956	3,440	16,804
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(b)	103	180	307	566	95	237	67	556	1,889
Total merchandise imports	9,881	6,174	15,371	4,710	4,177	4,565	6,321	22,356	118,264
(a) Excludes import commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia (5422.0).