Health
HEALTH STATUS
|
| | | | Life expectancy at birth |
| | | |
|
| Reference year | Infant mortality rate(a) | Reference year | Males | Females |
Country | | no. | | years | years |
|
Australia | 1992 | 7.0 | 1990 | 73.0 | 79.4 |
Canada | 1991 | 6.8 | 1990 | 73.4 | 80.2 |
China | 1985-90 | 32.0 | 1990 | 68.0 | 70.9 |
France | 1991 | 7.2 | 1990 | 72.0 | 80.3 |
Greece | 1990 | 9.7 | 1990 | 74.2 | 79.4 |
Hong Kong | 1990 | 6.1 | 1990 | 74.3 | 79.8 |
Indonesia | 1985-90 | 75.0 | 1990 | 58.5 | 62.0 |
Italy | 1990 | 8.5 | 1990 | 73.1 | 79.6 |
Japan | 1991 | 4.4 | 1990 | 75.4 | 81.2 |
Korea (Republic of) | 1985-90 | 25.0 | 1990 | 66.2 | 72.5 |
Malaysia | 1990 | 13.3 | 1990 | 67.5 | 71.6 |
New Zealand | 1991 | 8.3 | 1990 | 71.7 | 77.9 |
Papua New Guinea | 1985-90 | 59.0 | 1990 | 53.2 | 54.7 |
Singapore | 1991 | 5.5 | 1990 | 70.8 | 76.4 |
Sweden | 1991 | 3.8 | 1990 | 74.3 | 80.3 |
United Kingdom | 1991 | 7.4 | 1990 | 72.3 | 77.9 |
United States of America | 1991 | 8.9 | 1990 | 71.6 | 78.5 |
Viet Nam | 1985-90 | 64.0 | 1990 | 60.6 | 64.8 |
|
(a) Per 1,000 live births.
Source: United Nations (1992) 1991 Demographic Yearbook; United Nations (1993) Statistical Yearbook 1990/91
STANDARDISED DEATH RATES(a) FOR SELECTED CAUSES OF DEATH
|
| Reference year | Malignant neoplasms (cancer) | Ischaemic heart disease | Cerebro-
vascular disease (stroke) | Motor vehicle traffic accidents | Suicide and self-inflicted injury(b) | All causes |
Country | | no. | no. | no. | no. | no. | no. |
|
Australia | 1988 | 112.9 | 110.2 | 41 | 17.8 | 11.5 | 457.2 |
Canada | 1990 | 118.3 | 87.9 | 26.4 | 13.1 | 10.9 | 424.3 |
China | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
France | 1990 | 118.1 | 34.2 | 29.4 | 16.5 | 14.4 | 414.7 |
Greece | 1990 | 93.6 | 53.6 | 69.9 | 19.7 | 2.6 | 432.5 |
Hong Kong | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Indonesia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Italy | 1989 | 120.7 | 53.1 | 50.1 | 12.8 | 5.1 | 437.2 |
Japan | 1991 | 94.6 | 19.6 | 45.1 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 349.0 |
Korea (Republic of) | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Malaysia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
New Zealand | 1989 | 128.1 | 122.7 | 43.5 | 22.2 | 12.6 | 513.1 |
Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Singapore | 1990 | 118.2 | 99.3 | 63.4 | 8.5 | 11.8 | 521.0 |
Sweden | 1989 | 96.5 | 101.2 | 35.3 | 9.1 | 14.2 | 411.4 |
United Kingdom | 1991 | 128.1 | 118.6 | 47.5 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 476.5 |
United States of America | 1989 | 115.2 | 98.0 | 27.2 | 17.9 | 10.2 | 490.0 |
Viet Nam | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
|
(a) Standardised death rates are the overall death rates per 100,000 population that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population being studied. The standard population used in this table is the World Health Organisation new world standard population. Standardised death rates for Australia presented in the Health chapter of this publication or elsewhere in ABS publications are not comparable due the use of a different standard population and different reference periods.
(b) It is generally acknowledged that suicides are under-reported as a cause of death. The degree of under-reporting varies from country to country, partly for social and cultural reasons, but also because of differences in legal requirements and administrative procedures in arriving at a verdict of suicide.
Source: World Health Organisation (1993) World Health Statistics Annual 1992
HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPENDITURE
|
| Reference year | Health expenditure as % of GDP | Health expenditure per capita at PPP(a) | Reference year | Doctors per 1,000 population | Reference year | Acute hospital beds per 1,000 population |
Country | | % | $US | | no. | | no. |
|
Australia | 1991 | 8.2 | 1,310 | 1991 | 2.3 | 1992 | 4.5 |
Canada | 1991 | 10.0 | 1,915 | 1991 | 2.2 | 1989 | 5.0 |
China | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
France | 1991 | 9.1 | 1,650 | 1991 | 2.7 | 1990 | 5.2 |
Greece | 1991 | 5.2 | 404 | 1990 | 3.4 | . . | n.a. |
Hong Kong | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
Indonesia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
Italy | 1991 | 8.3 | 1,408 | 1989 | 1.3 | . . | n.a. |
Japan | 1991 | 6.6 | 1,267 | 1990 | 1.6 | . . | n.a. |
Korea (Republic of) | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
Malaysia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
New Zealand | 1991 | 7.6 | 1,050 | 1989 | 1.9 | . . | n.a. |
Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
Singapore | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
Sweden | 1991 | 8.6 | 1,443 | 1991 | 2.9 | 1990 | 3.9 |
United Kingdom | 1991 | 6.6 | 1,043 | 1990 | 1.4 | 1986 | 2.8 |
United States of America | 1991 | 13.4 | 2,867 | 1990 | 2.3 | 1991 | 3.5 |
Viet Nam | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
|
(a) PPP (purchasing power parities) are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between countries.
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1993) OECD Health Systems: facts and trends 1960-1991