1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2002  
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 25/01/2002   
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Contents >> Government >> State government

Each State experienced a period of colonial self-government prior to the achievement of Federation. The fact of Australia having a federal system of government means that significant powers are held by the State and Territory Governments.


State Governors

The Governor is the representative of the Sovereign, appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the relevant State Premier. The Governor exercises the executive power of his or her State on the advice of the Premier. Other powers and functions are similar to the powers exercised at the Commonwealth level by the Governor-General.

In addition, Governors have been invested with various statutory functions by State Constitutions and the Commonwealth Australia Act 1986, as well as under the Acts of the Parliaments of the States. Governors may administer the prerogative of mercy by the reprieve or pardon of criminal offenders, and may remit fines and penalties due to the Crown in right of their State.

In the performance of his/her functions generally, the Governor of a State acts on the advice of Ministers of State for that State.

The Governor also has what are referred to as 'reserve powers'. These may be used without the advice of the Premier, but are used only in times of political uncertainty.

The Governors of the States at November 2001 are shown in table 2.8.

2.8 GOVERNORS OF THE STATES - November 2001

State
Governor

New South Wales
Her Excellency the Professor Marie Bashir, AC
Victoria
John Landy, AC, MBE
Queensland
His Excellency Major-General Peter Arnison, AO
Western Australia
His Excellency Lieutenant-General John Murray Sanderson, AC, AM
South Australia
Her Excellency Mrs Marjorie Jackson Nelson AC, MBE
Tasmania
His Excellency the Honourable Sir Guy Green, AC, KBE

Source: Department of the Parliamentary Library.


State Governments

Each State is governed by a Ministry headed by a Premier. The State Cabinet, chaired by the Premier, is the centre of political and administrative power in each State.

Each State has a formal Opposition, with the same role as at the Commonwealth level, headed by an Opposition Leader.

Tables 2.9 and 2.10 set out the State Premiers and Opposition Leaders at November 2001.

2.9 PREMIERS, States - November 2001

State
Premier

New South Wales
The Hon. R. J. Carr, MP (ALP)
Victoria
The Hon. S. P. Bracks, MP (ALP)
Queensland
The Hon. P. Beattie, MP (ALP)
Western Australia
The Hon. G. I. Gallop, MP (ALP)
South Australia
Hon. R. G. Kerin, MP (LP)
Tasmania
The Hon. J. A. Bacon, MP (ALP)

Source: Department of the Parliamentary Library.

2.10 OPPOSITION LEADERS, States - November 2001

State
Opposition Leader

New South Wales
K. A. Chikarovski, MP (LP)
Victoria
The Hon. D. Napthine, MP (LP)
Queensland
M. J. Horan, MP (NP)
Western Australia
The Hon. C. J. Barnett, MP (LP)
South Australia
The Hon. M. Rann, MP (ALP)
Tasmania
The Hon. B. Cheek, MP (LP)

Source: Department of the Parliamentary Library.


State Parliaments

Five of the six Australian States have a bicameral Parliament. In Queensland there is a single house. The lower houses in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia are entitled Legislative Assembly. In South Australia and Tasmania the term is House of Assembly. The title of all upper houses is Legislative Council.

The members of the Parliaments of each State are elected by the residents of that State using either the alternative vote (preferential voting) or the single transferable vote variant of proportional representation.

The state of the parties in each of the State and Territory Parliaments is set out in table 2.11.

The extent of State legislative powers is defined by the Commonwealth and State Constitutions, and includes education, police, public health, public transport, agriculture, roads and the overseeing of local government.

2.11 STATE OF THE PARTIES, States and Territories - October 2001

State/Territory
no. of seats

NEW SOUTH WALES

Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party
55
Liberal Party
20
National Party
13
Independent
5
Total
93
Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party
16
Liberal Party
9
National Party
4
Christian Democratic Party
2
Greens
2
Australian Democrats
1
Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
1
Others
7
Total
42

VICTORIA

Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party
44
Liberal Party
35
National Party
6
Independent
3
Total
88
Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party
24
Liberal Party
14
National Party
6
Total
44

QUEENSLAND

Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party
66
National Party
11
Liberal Party
3
City Country Alliance
3
Independent
6
Total
89

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

House of Assembly
Liberal Party
24
Australian Labor Party
21
National Party
1
Independent
1
Total
47
Legislative Council
Liberal Party
10
Australian Labor Party
6
Australian Democrats
3
Independent
3
Total
22

WESTERN AUSTRALIA *

Legislative Assembly
Liberal Party
16
Australian Labor Party
32
National Party
5
Independent
4
Total
57
Legislative Council
Liberal Party
12
Australian Labor Party
13
National Party
1
Greens
5
Pauline Hanson's One Nation
3
Total
34

TASMANIA *

House of Assembly
Australian Labor Party
14
Liberal Party
10
Greens
1
Total
25
Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party
5
Independent
10
Total
15

NORTHERN TERRITORY

Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party
13
Country Liberal Party
10
Independent
2
Total
25

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party
8
Liberal Party
7
Australian Democrats
1
Greens
1
Total
17

Source: Department of the Parliamentary Library.
* Some figures for Western Australia and Tasmania were revised on 21 March 2002



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