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For exports, country refers to the country to which the goods were consigned at the time of export. For imports, country refers to the country of origin of the goods, that is, where the majority of processing of the goods takes place.
Australia's merchandise trade surplus increased from $1,222m in 2000-01 to $1,495m in 2001-02, an improvement of $273m. The main trading partner contributors were:
- a $1,194m decrease in the deficit with the United States of America. This was due to a $340m rise in exports, due mainly to increases in Meat and meat preparations, and Transport equipment (excluding road vehicles), and a $854m decrease in imports, due mainly to decreases in Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment, Office machines and automatic data processing machines, and Organic chemicals.
- a $1,004m increase in the surplus with Saudi Arabia. This was due to a $400m rise in exports and a $604m decrease in imports due mainly to a large decrease in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials.
- a $646m decrease in the deficit with the United Kingdom. This was due to a $544m rise in exports and a $102m decrease in imports.
- a $638m increase in the surplus with the Republic of South Korea. This was due to a $650m rise in exports that was partly offset by a $12m increase in imports.
- a $580m increase in the surplus with New Zealand. This was due to a $755m rise in exports, due mainly to increases in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials, and Road vehicles, partly offset by a $175m increase in imports.
- a $575m decrease in the deficit with Vietnam as a result of a $577m decrease in imports due mainly to a decrease in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials.
These improvements were partly offset by:
- a $1,148m decrease in the surplus with Singapore, mainly as a result of a $1,073m decrease in exports.
- an $858m decrease in the surplus with Taiwan. This was due to a $1,051m decrease in exports due mainly to a decrease in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials, partly offset by a $193m decrease in imports.
- a $827m decrease in the surplus with Japan. This was due to a $726m decrease in exports due mainly to decreases in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials, Non-ferrous metals, and Meat and meat preparations and a $101m increase in imports.
- a $703m increase in the deficit with Germany. This was the combined result of a $143m decrease in exports and a $560m increase in imports.
- a $595m increase in the deficit with Indonesia. This was the result of an $82m increase in exports and a $677m increase in imports due mainly to an increase in Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials.
- a $458m increase in the deficit with China. This was the result of a $939m increase in exports and a $1,397m increase in imports.
Map 30.24 shows Australia's net balance of trade with its partner countries in 2001-02.
30.24 NET BALANCE OF TRADE, Partner countries - 2001-02
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia, June 2002 (5422.0).
Graphs 30.25 and 30.26 show the percentage share of Australian merchandise exports and imports by value accounted for by Australia's top eight trading partners for exports and imports respectively.
Table 30.27 shows the value of exports to Australia's top eight export countries by commodity (SITC section).
The largest value commodity exported to Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan was Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. About half the exports to China were Crude materials, inedible, except fuels. The largest value commodity exported to both New Zealand and the United States of America was Machinery and transport equipment. Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC formed the largest commodity export to the United Kingdom.
30.27 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, Top eight countries - 2001-02
|
 | China | Japan | Korea,
Republic of | New
Zealand | Singapore | Taiwan | United
Kingdom | United
States
of America | Total all
countries |
| Commodity (SITC section) | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Food and live animals(a) | 470 | 3,903 | 645 | 696 | 619 | 624 | 214 | 2,502 | 21,707 |
| Beverages and tobacco | 3 | 67 | 9 | 147 | 47 | 5 | 867 | 656 | 2,355 |
| Crude materials, inedible, except fuels(a) | 3,627 | 4,160 | 1,838 | 121 | 38 | 674 | 235 | 296 | 22,443 |
| Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials(a) | 561 | 7,331 | 2,819 | 855 | 1,706 | 1,371 | 419 | 795 | 25,120 |
| Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes(a) | 84 | 38 | 13 | 24 | 5 | 31 | 10 | 5 | 310 |
| Chemical and related products, n.e.s.(a) | 250 | 283 | 276 | 812 | 151 | 173 | 253 | 863 | 5,362 |
| Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material(a) | 683 | 1,821 | 1,007 | 1,096 | 256 | 1,084 | 379 | 1,122 | 13,557 |
| Machinery and transport equipment(a) | 271 | 307 | 524 | 2,101 | 576 | 106 | 514 | 3,072 | 14,140 |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles(a) | 115 | 178 | 109 | 972 | 243 | 53 | 287 | 897 | 4,466 |
| Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(b) | 1,718 | 4,681 | 2,616 | 813 | 1,296 | 721 | 2,019 | 1,784 | 11,715 |
| Total merchandise exports | 7,781 | 22,769 | 9,856 | 7,637 | 4,936 | 4,843 | 5,197 | 11,992 | 121,176 |
|
(a) Excludes export commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction. |
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia, June 2002 (5422.0). |
Table 30.28 shows the value of imports from Australia's top eight import countries by commodity (SITC section).
The largest value commodity imported from Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States of America was Machinery and transport equipment. From China, the largest value commodity was Miscellaneous manufactured articles, from New Zealand it was Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material, and from Indonesia it was Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials.
30.28 MERCHANDISE IMPORTS, Top eight countries - 2001-02
|
| China | Germany | Indonesia | Japan | Korea, Republic of | New
Zealand | United
Kingdom | United
States of
America | Total
all
countries |
| Commodity (SITC section) | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Food and live animals(a) | 212 | 55 | 107 | 95 | 37 | 884 | 130 | 479 | 4,614 |
| Beverages and tobacco | 22 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 120 | 160 | 170 | 864 |
| Crude materials, inedible, except fuels(a) | 69 | 29 | 107 | 48 | 39 | 409 | 50 | 199 | 1,756 |
| Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials(a) | 127 | 5 | 1,866 | 37 | 97 | 323 | 6 | 285 | 9,033 |
| Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes(a) | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 289 |
| Chemical and related products, n.e.s.(a) | 470 | 1,151 | 127 | 542 | 219 | 391 | 1,609 | 3,367 | 14,637 |
| Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material(a) | 1,830 | 717 | 554 | 1,399 | 694 | 1,031 | 508 | 1,592 | 14,821 |
| Machinery and transport equipment(a) | 3,249 | 3,914 | 318 | 12,086 | 2,535 | 795 | 2,704 | 11,792 | 53,672 |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles(a) | 5,144 | 658 | 260 | 867 | 167 | 516 | 1,018 | 3,223 | 17,421 |
| Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(b) | 153 | 180 | 664 | 393 | 930 | 265 | 31 | 382 | 2,574 |
| Total merchandise imports | 11,278 | 6,732 | 4,007 | 15,471 | 4,721 | 4,740 | 6,219 | 21,497 | 119,681 |
|
(a) Excludes import commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a ‘No commodity details’ restriction. |
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia, June 2002 (5422.0). |
Table 30.29 shows merchandise exports and imports for the last three financial years for the top 50 countries in order of total two-way trade (i.e. merchandise exports plus merchandise imports).
30.29 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, By country
|
| Exports | Imports |
|
|
|
| 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Austria | 51 | 56 | 58 | 484 | 542 | 539 |
| Bangladesh | 296 | 367 | 347 | 54 | 56 | 42 |
| Belgium-Luxembourg | 1,089 | 1,004 | 865 | 737 | 828 | 875 |
| Brazil | 470 | 543 | 462 | 441 | 647 | 470 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 40 | 44 | 50 | 211 | 351 | 407 |
| Canada | 1,175 | 1,769 | 1,892 | 1,848 | 1,869 | 1,607 |
| Chile | 129 | 133 | 154 | 61 | 79 | 97 |
| China | 4,966 | 6,841 | 7,781 | 7,515 | 9,881 | 11,278 |
| Denmark | 140 | 109 | 108 | 542 | 535 | 671 |
| Egypt | 504 | 600 | 754 | 16 | 14 | 20 |
| Fiji | 591 | 642 | 527 | 356 | 254 | 232 |
| Finland | 371 | 454 | 359 | 668 | 721 | 727 |
| France | 871 | 1,081 | 1,344 | 2,228 | 2,478 | 2,691 |
| Germany | 1,245 | 1,487 | 1,344 | 5,791 | 6,172 | 6,732 |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 3,211 | 3,909 | 4,004 | 1,280 | 1,362 | 1,410 |
| India | 1,588 | 2,086 | 2,522 | 714 | 754 | 874 |
| Indonesia | 2,408 | 3,111 | 3,193 | 2,701 | 3,330 | 4,007 |
| Iran | 410 | 755 | 784 | 29 | 27 | 39 |
| Iraq | 456 | 733 | 840 | 74 | 96 | - |
| Ireland | 134 | 178 | 306 | 937 | 1,140 | 1,469 |
| Israel | 192 | 248 | 291 | 442 | 441 | 526 |
| Italy | 1,575 | 2,099 | 2,166 | 3,043 | 3,257 | 3,411 |
| Japan | 18,822 | 23,495 | 22,769 | 14,110 | 15,370 | 15,471 |
| Korea, Republic of | 7,615 | 9,206 | 9,856 | 4,311 | 4,709 | 4,721 |
| Kuwait | 299 | 403 | 517 | 106 | 163 | 133 |
| Malaysia | 2,141 | 2,500 | 2,526 | 3,765 | 4,177 | 3,860 |
| Mexico | 254 | 370 | 479 | 382 | 582 | 521 |
| Netherlands | 1,378 | 1,737 | 1,538 | 990 | 906 | 1,094 |
| New Caledonia | 200 | 244 | 225 | 48 | 45 | 44 |
| New Zealand | 6,739 | 6,882 | 7,637 | 4,372 | 4,565 | 4,740 |
| Norway | 111 | 124 | 130 | 149 | 214 | 206 |
| Pakistan | 532 | 404 | 477 | 156 | 203 | 200 |
| Papua New Guinea | 927 | 1,051 | 1,007 | 1,353 | 1,457 | 1,124 |
| Philippines | 1,304 | 1,501 | 1,255 | 457 | 512 | 624 |
| Portugal | 41 | 34 | 83 | 168 | 162 | 193 |
| Qatar | 68 | 98 | 107 | 170 | 211 | 353 |
| Saudi Arabia | 1,334 | 2,196 | 2,596 | 1,002 | 1,634 | 1,030 |
| Singapore | 4,855 | 6,009 | 4,936 | 4,359 | 3,899 | 3,974 |
| South Africa | 1,039 | 1,301 | 1,346 | 749 | 877 | 870 |
| Spain | 714 | 713 | 791 | 659 | 710 | 759 |
| Sri Lanka | 221 | 345 | 308 | 76 | 87 | 82 |
| Sweden | 169 | 184 | 220 | 1,646 | 1,624 | 1,627 |
| Switzerland | 319 | 273 | 226 | 1,279 | 1,171 | 1,302 |
| Taiwan | 4,696 | 5,894 | 4,843 | 3,244 | 3,326 | 3,133 |
| Thailand | 1,703 | 2,222 | 2,305 | 2,422 | 2,780 | 2,886 |
| Turkey | 231 | 309 | 316 | 134 | 152 | 186 |
| United Arab Emirates | 872 | 1,163 | 1,244 | 401 | 1,114 | 743 |
| United Kingdom | 4,158 | 4,653 | 5,197 | 6,350 | 6,321 | 6,219 |
| United States of America | 9,602 | 11,652 | 11,992 | 23,135 | 22,351 | 21,497 |
| Vietnam | 385 | 499 | 497 | 1,726 | 2,432 | 1,855 |
| Total major countries | 92,645 | 113,709 | 115,572 | 107,890 | 116,588 | 117,571 |
| Others(a) | 4,641 | 5,830 | 5,603 | 2,187 | 1,729 | 2,110 |
| Total | 97,286 | 119,539 | 121,176 | 110,078 | 118,317 | 119,681 |
|
| (a) Others include: all countries not displayed in table; Zone of Co-op A-Timor Gap; Destination or Origin Unknown; International Waters; No country details; Confidentialised alumina exports; and Ship and aircraft stores. |
Source: International Merchandise Trade, Australia (5422.0). |
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