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Classification Structure - Division 270000 - Biological Sciences

	Discipline	Subject	Description
	270100		Biochemistry and Cell Biology
		270101	Analytical Biochemistry
		270102	Cell Metabolism
		270103	Protein Targeting and Signal Transduction
		270104	Membrane Biology
		270105	Cellular Interactions (incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall)
		270106	Cell Development (incl. Cell Division and Apoptosis)
		270107	Cell Neurochemistry
		270108	Enzymes
		270199	Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
	270200		Genetics
		270201	Gene Expression
		270202	Genome Structure
		270203	Population and Ecological Genetics
		270204	Anthropological Genetics
		270205	Genetic Development (incl. Sex Determination)
		270206	Genetic Immunology
		270207	Quantitative Genetics
		270208	Molecular Evolution
		270209	Meiosis and Recombination
		270210	Neurogenetics
		270299	Genetics not elsewhere classified
	270300		Microbiology
		270301	Bacteriology
		270302	Archaebacteriology
		270303	Virology
		270304	Infectious Agents
		270305	Mycology
		270306	Microbial Genetics
		270307	Microbial Ecology
		270308	Microbial Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
		270399	Microbiology not elsewhere classified
	270400		Botany
		270401	Plant Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
		270402	Plant Physiology
		270403	Plant Pathology
		270404	Phycology
		270499	Botany not elsewhere classified
	270500		Zoology
		270501	Animal Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
		270502	Neurobiology
		270503	Animal Anatomy and Histology
		270504	Invertebrate Biology
		270599	Zoology not elsewhere classified
	270600		Physiology
		270601	Animal Physiology - Biophysics
		270602	Animal Physiology - Cell
		270603	Animal Physiology - Systems
		270604	Comparative Physiology
		270699	Physiology not elsewhere classified
	270700		Ecology and Evolution
		270701	Freshwater Ecology
		270702	Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
		270703	Terrestrial Ecology
		270704	Landscape Ecology
		270705	Palaeoecology
		270706	Life Histories (incl. Population Ecology)
		270707	Sociobiology and Behavioural Ecology
		270708	Conservation and Biodiversity
		270709	Biogeography
		270799	Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified
	270800		Biotechnology
		270801	Gene Therapy
		270802	Diagnostic Applications
		270803	Transgenesis
		270804	Genetic Technologies: Transformation, Site-directed Mutagenesis, etc.
		270805	Genetic Engineering and Enzyme Technology
		270899	Biotechnology not elsewhere classified
	279900		Other Biological Sciences
		279901	Global Change Biology
		279999	Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

Definitions

Division 270000 - Biological Sciences, covers the biological or life sciences, other than agricultural sciences or medical and health sciences. This division has nine disciplines:

270100 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology
270200 - Genetics
270300 - Microbiology
270400 - Botany
270500 - Zoology
270600 - Physiology
270700 - Ecology and Evolution
270800 - Biotechnology
279900 - Other Biological Sciences

Exclusions:


(a) Biological or life sciences associated with agricultural and veterinary sciences, forestry, commercial fishing or other aspects of primary production are included in Division 300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences; and

(b) biological or life sciences associated with human health and medicine are included in Division 320000 Medical and Health Sciences.

Discipline 270100 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology

This discipline covers biochemistry or the chemistry of living organisms. It includes cell biology and membrane biology. This discipline has nine subjects:

270101 - Analytical Biochemistry
270102 - Cell Metabolism
270103 - Protein Targeting and Signal Transduction
270104 - Membrane Biology
270105 - Cellular Interactions (incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall)
270106 - Cell Development (incl. Cell Division and Apoptosis)
270107 - Cell Neurochemistry
270108 - Enzymes
270199 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Plant biochemistry is included in Discipline 300200 Crop and Pasture Production; and

(b) biochemistry associated with medical science is included in Discipline 320300 Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry.

Discipline 270200 - Genetics

This discipline covers genetics and heredity. This discipline has eleven subjects:

270201 - Gene Expression
270202 - Genome Structure
270203 - Population and Ecological Genetics
270204 - Anthropological Genetics
270205 - Genetic Development (incl. Sex Determination)
270206 - Genetic Immunology
270207 - Quantitative Genetics
270208 - Molecular Evolution
270209 - Meiosis and Recombination
270210 - Neurogenetics
270299 - Genetics not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Biotechnology (incl. genetic engineering) is included in Discipline 270800 Biotechnology;

(b) plant genetics is included in Disciplines 300200 Crop and Pasture Production and 300300 Horticulture;

(c) animal genetics associated with animal breeding is included in Discipline 300400 Animal Production; and

(d) genetics associated with medical science is included in Discipline 321000 Clinical Sciences.

Discipline 270300 - Microbiology

This discipline covers microbiology or the study of microscopic organisms including bacteriology, parasitology and virology. This discipline has nine subjects:

270301 - Bacteriology
270302 - Archaebacteriology
270303 - Virology
270304 - Infectious Agents
270305 - Mycology
270306 - Microbial Genetics
270307 - Microbial Ecology
270308 - Microbial Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
270399 - Microbiology not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Veterinary microbiology is included in Discipline 300500 Veterinary Sciences; and

(b) medical microbiology is included in Discipline 320400 Medical Microbiology.

Discipline 270400 - Botany

This discipline covers botany and related plant sciences. It includes:

• mycology which for the purpose of this classification includes the study of lichen;

• plant pathology other than associated with plant protection procedures in the field; and

• phycology (incl. algae and marine grasses).

270401 - Plant Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
270402 - Plant Physiology
270403 - Plant Pathology
270404 - Phycology
270499 - Botany not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Palaeobotany and palynology (other than palynology associated with ecological studies) are included in Discipline 260100 Geology;

(b) plant ecology and palynology associated with ecological studies are included in Discipline 270700 Ecology and Evolution; and

(c) plant science or plant pathology associated with agriculture, forestry or primary production is included in the appropriate disciplines in Division 300000 Agricultural Sciences.

Discipline 270500 - Zoology

This discipline covers zoology. It includes:

• the study of terrestrial vertebrates (other than human), non-insect terrestrial invertebrates, ornithology, herpetology and freshwater ichthyology;

• ethology; and

• entomology

270501 - Animal Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
270502 - Neurobiology
270503 - Animal Anatomy and Histology
270504 - Invertebrate Biology
270599 - Zoology not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Palaeontology is included in Discipline 260100 Geology;

(b) animal physiology is included in Discipline 270600 Physiology;

(c) the use of live animals for purposes of primary production is included in Discipline 300400 Animal Production;

(d) fisheries and aquaculture for primary production are included in Discipline 300700 Fisheries Sciences;

(e) the human immune system is included in Discipline 320200 Immunology;

(f) the human nervous system is included in Discipline 320700 Neurosciences; and

(g) the use of live animals or material from live animals for medical research is included in Discipline 329900 Other Medical and Health Sciences.

Discipline 270600 - Physiology

This discipline covers physiology other than medical or plant. This discipline has five subjects:

270601 - Animal Physiology - Biophysics
270602 - Animal Physiology - Cell
270603 - Animal Physiology - Systems
270604 - Comparative Physiology
270699 - Physiology not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Plant physiology is included in Discipline 270400 Botany;

(b) physiology related to specific aspects of animal production or veterinary practice is included in the appropriate disciplines in Division 300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences; and

(c) medical physiology is included in Discipline 320600 Medical Physiology.

Discipline 270700 - Ecology and Evolution

This discipline covers ecology or ecological systems, whether freshwater, marine or terrestrial, and evolutionary biology. It includes:

• plant or animal ecology;

• limnology and ecological studies (incl. palynology) of freshwater bodies such as lakes and ponds;

• palaeoecology (incl. palynology associated with palaeoecological studies); and

• life histories (incl. population ecology).

270701 - Freshwater Ecology
270702 - Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
270703 - Terrestrial Ecology
270704 - Landscape Ecology
270705 - Palaeoecology
270706 - Life Histories (incl. Population Ecology)
270707 - Sociobiology and Behavioural Ecology
270708 - Conservation and Biodiversity
270709 - Biogeography
270799 - Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Palaeontology is included in Discipline 260100 Geology; and

(b) palynology in association with geological studies is also included in Discipline 260100 Geology.

Discipline 270800 - Biotechnology

This discipline covers biotechnology (incl. genetic engineering). This discipline has six subjects:

270801 - Gene Therapy
270802 - Diagnostic Applications
270803 - Transgenesis
270804 - Genetic Technologies: Transformation, Site-directed Mutagenesis, etc.
270805 - Genetic Engineering and Enzyme Technology
270899 - Biotechnology not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


(a) Industrial biotechnology is included in Discipline 290100 Industrial Biotechnology and Food Sciences; and

(b) medical biotechnology is included in Discipline 329900 Other Medical and Health Sciences.

Discipline 279900 - Other Biological Sciences

This discipline covers biological sciences not elsewhere classified. This discipline has two subjects:

279901 - Global Change Biology
279999 - Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

Exclusions:


Phycology (incl. marine grasses) is included in Discipline 270400 Botany.