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In current price terms, net services for 2000-01 recorded a surplus of $0.6b, a turnaround of $2.0b on the deficit recorded in 1999-2000. Services credits increased by $4.5b (16%) to $32.8b, mainly due to increases in personal travel services. Services debits increased by $2.5b (8%) to $32.2b, mainly due to increases in transportation and personal travel services as a result of the Sydney Olympic Games. Table 30.8 provides details of the international trade in services.
As shown in table 30.9, the main destinations for services exports (credits) in 1999-2000 (the latest year available for regional data) were United States (16%), Japan (12%), United Kingdom (11%), New Zealand (7%) and Singapore (6%). Significant growth has been recorded since 1994-95 in services exports to each of these markets except Japan. The main source countries for services debits in 1999-2000, as shown in table 30.10, were United States (21%), United Kingdom (12%), Japan (7%), Singapore (6%), New Zealand (5%) and Hong Kong (4%).
30.8 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES |
|
| 1995-96
$m | 1996-97
$m | 1997-98
$m | 1998-99
$m | 1999-2000
$m | 2000-01
$m |
|
CREDITS |
|
Services credits | 22,949 | 24,226 | 25,206 | 26,242 | 28,317 | 32,794 |
Transportation services | 6,526 | 6,648 | 6,611 | 6,803 | 6,865 | 8,073 |
- Passenger | 5,305 | 5,697 | 5,550 | 5,604 | 5,848 | 6,986 |
- Freight | 1,221 | 951 | 1,061 | 1,199 | 1,017 | 1,087 |
- Other | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. |
Travel services | 11,252 | 11,756 | 11,540 | 11,944 | 13,139 | 15,344 |
- Business | 798 | 675 | 893 | 1,009 | 1,040 | 1,179 |
- Personal | 10,454 | 11,081 | 10,647 | 10,935 | 12,099 | 14,165 |
Communications services | 896 | 947 | 1,361 | 1,239 | 1,475 | 1,520 |
Construction services | 66 | 70 | 31 | 18 | 23 | 50 |
Insurance services | 672 | 772 | 840 | 859 | 766 | 741 |
Financial services | 577 | 634 | 713 | 716 | 747 | 747 |
Computer and information services | 217 | 277 | 532 | 676 | 668 | 757 |
Royalties and licence fees | 329 | 376 | 449 | 488 | 572 | 594 |
Other business services | 1,613 | 1,882 | 2,224 | 2,552 | 2,852 | 2,936 |
- Merchanting and other trade-related | 331 | 436 | 481 | 586 | 501 | 506 |
- Operational leasing | 7 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 15 | 12 |
- Miscellaneous business, professional and technical | 1,275 | 1,436 | 1,735 | 1,958 | 2,336 | 2,418 |
Personal, cultural and recreational services | 248 | 304 | 352 | 388 | 475 | 1412 |
Government services n.e.i. | 553 | 560 | 553 | 559 | 735 | 620 |
|
DEBITS |
|
Services debits | -23,349 | -24,152 | -26,398 | -28,026 | -29,713 | -32,233 |
Transportation services | -8,488 | -8,439 | -9,110 | -9,367 | -10,018 | -11,371 |
- Passenger | -2,928 | -3,003 | -3,224 | -3,485 | -3,876 | -4,357 |
- Freight | -4,405 | -4,373 | -5,013 | -5,009 | -5,257 | -5,985 |
- Other | -1,155 | -1,063 | -873 | -873 | -885 | -1,029 |
Travel services | -6,988 | -7,769 | -8,372 | -9,044 | -9,836 | -10,788 |
- Business | -2,056 | -2,286 | -2,416 | -2,239 | -2,536 | -2,838 |
- Personal | -4,932 | -5,483 | -5,956 | -6,805 | -7,300 | -7,950 |
Communications services | -1,060 | -1,066 | -1,407 | -1,467 | -1,664 | -1,928 |
Construction services | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Insurance services | -1,064 | -1,012 | -915 | -922 | -902 | -902 |
Financial services | -472 | -451 | -442 | -468 | -527 | -528 |
Computer and information services | -203 | -253 | -336 | -424 | -458 | -432 |
Royalties and license fees | -1,304 | -1,397 | -1,519 | -1,692 | -1,805 | -1,688 |
Other business services | -2,646 | -2,699 | -3,003 | -3,253 | -3,046 | -3,151 |
- Merchanting and other trade-related | -276 | -362 | -392 | -329 | -221 | -246 |
- Operational leasing | -1,032 | -814 | -864 | -1,034 | -942 | -1,144 |
- Miscellaneous business, professional and technical | -1,338 | -1,523 | -1,747 | -1,890 | -1,883 | -1,761 |
Personal, cultural and recreational services | -555 | -547 | -702 | -756 | -808 | -824 |
Government services n.e.i. | -569 | -519 | -592 | -633 | -649 | -621 |
|
Source: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia (5302.0). |
30.9 SERVICES CREDITS, By Country and Country Group |
|
| 1994-95
$m | 1995-96
$m | 1996-97
$m | 1997-98
$m | 1998-99
$m | 1999-2000
$m |
|
COUNTRIES |
|
Belgium and Luxembourg | 47 | 64 | 105 | 125 | 107 | 100 |
Brunei Darussalam | 23 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 20 |
Canada | 240 | 281 | 309 | 359 | 384 | 401 |
Central America and Caribbean | 12 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 12 |
Chile | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
China, People’s Republic of | 375 | 378 | 396 | 485 | 575 | 657 |
Fiji | 80 | 72 | 62 | 117 | 154 | 202 |
France | 197 | 169 | 207 | 192 | 223 | 249 |
Germany | 591 | 576 | 665 | 724 | 733 | 774 |
Greece | 42 | 52 | 49 | 47 | 31 | 78 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 863 | 1,072 | 1,054 | 1,032 | 972 | 995 |
Indonesia | 840 | 971 | 1,029 | 922 | 845 | 839 |
Ireland, Republic of | 61 | 69 | 77 | 96 | 126 | 164 |
Italy | 177 | 184 | 244 | 250 | 294 | 268 |
Japan | 3,425 | 3,658 | 3,688 | 3,489 | 3,280 | 3,353 |
Korea, Republic of | 835 | 1,115 | 927 | 609 | 450 | 608 |
Malaysia | 684 | 769 | 733 | 773 | 668 | 791 |
Mexico | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 15 | 6 |
Netherlands | 192 | 163 | 211 | 254 | 272 | 297 |
New Zealand | 1,254 | 1,418 | 1,666 | 1,793 | 1,799 | 2,046 |
Papua New Guinea | 240 | 236 | 279 | 335 | 291 | 371 |
Philippines | 161 | 182 | 189 | 192 | 168 | 185 |
Russian Federation | 66 | 69 | 63 | 56 | 43 | 42 |
Singapore | 1,277 | 1,241 | 1,256 | 1,181 | 1,337 | 1,660 |
South Africa | 152 | 173 | 177 | 168 | 219 | 173 |
Sweden | 80 | 94 | 99 | 106 | 172 | 182 |
Switzerland | 259 | 261 | 261 | 278 | 308 | 325 |
Taiwan | 679 | 702 | 570 | 535 | 460 | 428 |
Thailand | 503 | 523 | 474 | 353 | 362 | 433 |
United Kingdom | 1,922 | 2,040 | 2,171 | 2,470 | 2,864 | 3,114 |
United States of America | 2,403 | 2,977 | 3,220 | 4,097 | 4,394 | 4,588 |
Africa n.e.s. | 93 | 106 | 103 | 126 | 121 | 141 |
America n.e.s. | 118 | 131 | 330 | 254 | 373 | 559 |
Asia n.e.s. | 808 | 873 | 994 | 1,022 | 1,164 | 1,184 |
Europe n.e.s. | 652 | 674 | 650 | 719 | 770 | 901 |
Oceania n.e.s. | 260 | 264 | 274 | 191 | 223 | 254 |
International institutions | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unallocated | 924 | 1,341 | 1,646 | 1,813 | 2001 | 1912 |
Total all countries | 20,553 | 22,949 | 24,226 | 25,206 | 26,242 | 28,317 |
|
COUNTRY GROUPS |
|
APEC(a) | 13,816 | 15,559 | 15,821 | 16,185 | 16,183 | 17,550 |
ASEAN(b) | 3,529 | 3,814 | 3,834 | 3,564 | 3,541 | 4,050 |
EU(c) | 3,606 | 3,706 | 4,199 | 4,699 | 5,288 | 5,737 |
OECD(d) | 11,423 | 12,524 | 14,432 | 15,458 | 16,052 | 17,228 |
|
(a) APEC includes Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Viet Nam. Peru, Russian Federation and Viet Nam are included from 1998-99.
(b) ASEAN includes Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Burma and Laos are included from July 1997. Cambodia is included from April 1999.
(c) EU includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
(d) OECD includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States of America. Czech Republic and Hungary are included from January 1996 and Republic of Korea and Poland are included from 1996-97. |
Source: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia (5363.0). |
30.10 SERVICES DEBITS, By Country and Country Group |
|
| 1994-95
$m | 1995-96
$m | 1996-97
$m | 1997-98
$m | 1998-99
$m | 1999-2000
$m |
|
COUNTRIES |
|
Belgium and Luxembourg | -107 | -86 | -68 | -108 | -71 | -89 |
Brunei Darussalam | -9 | -10 | -7 | -10 | -11 | -11 |
Canada | -301 | -318 | -319 | -298 | -320 | -389 |
Central America and Caribbean | -202 | -197 | -163 | -189 | -212 | -229 |
Chile | -16 | -21 | -18 | -65 | -19 | -16 |
China, People’s Republic of | -443 | -458 | -447 | -592 | -613 | -621 |
Fiji | -176 | -190 | -178 | -209 | -323 | -355 |
France | -270 | -272 | -290 | -404 | -347 | -386 |
Germany | -507 | -503 | -530 | -710 | -851 | -888 |
Greece | -237 | -230 | -217 | -234 | -239 | -272 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -999 | -1,090 | -1,266 | -1,248 | -1,186 | -1,285 |
Indonesia | -485 | -549 | -706 | -691 | -587 | -526 |
Ireland, Republic of | -97 | -110 | -142 | -174 | -150 | -182 |
Italy | -385 | -433 | -541 | -525 | -498 | -429 |
Japan | -1,714 | -1,508 | -1,545 | -1,308 | -1,690 | -2,049 |
Korea, Republic of | -262 | -303 | -283 | -257 | -286 | -207 |
Malaysia | -483 | -524 | -626 | -694 | -746 | -743 |
Mexico | -11 | -13 | -16 | -17 | -22 | -33 |
Netherlands | -538 | -408 | -411 | -501 | -518 | -593 |
New Zealand | -950 | -1,063 | -1,149 | -1,360 | -1,451 | -1,543 |
Papua New Guinea | -134 | -162 | -174 | -222 | -151 | -162 |
Philippines | -111 | -122 | -144 | -222 | -164 | -169 |
Russian Federation | -150 | -116 | -81 | -61 | -53 | -40 |
Singapore | -1,196 | -1,237 | -1,200 | -1,207 | -1,694 | -1,935 |
South Africa | -103 | -118 | -155 | -193 | -193 | -168 |
Sweden | -166 | -128 | -100 | -183 | -90 | -82 |
Switzerland | -462 | -511 | -569 | -621 | -738 | -702 |
Taiwan | -142 | -152 | -155 | -186 | -122 | -136 |
Thailand | -384 | -435 | -403 | -501 | -553 | -625 |
United Kingdom | -3,560 | -3,826 | -3,874 | -3,613 | -3,240 | -3,679 |
United States of America | -4,332 | -4,590 | -4,949 | -5,521 | -5,662 | -6,248 |
Africa n.e.s. | -130 | -149 | -163 | -183 | -266 | -340 |
America n.e.s. | -117 | -154 | -217 | -228 | -203 | -195 |
Asia n.e.s. | -746 | -622 | -607 | -821 | -1,038 | -1,123 |
Europe n.e.s. | -1,089 | -1,084 | -876 | -1,066 | -1,086 | -925 |
Oceania n.e.s. | -158 | -164 | -155 | -216 | -214 | -231 |
International institutions | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 |
Unallocated | -1,165 | -1,493 | -1,408 | -1,760 | -2,418 | -2,106 |
Total all countries | -22,337 | -23,349 | -24,152 | -26,398 | -28,026 | -29,713 |
|
COUNTRY GROUPS |
|
APEC(a) | -11,972 | -12,555 | -13,407 | -14,399 | -15,597 | -16,957 |
ASEAN(b) | -2,791 | -3,068 | -3,293 | -3,551 | -4,066 | -4,240 |
EU(c) | -6,154 | -6,373 | -6,448 | -6,852 | -6,417 | -6,985 |
OECD(d) | -14,430 | -14,767 | -15,633 | -16,634 | -16,981 | -18,370 |
|
(a) APEC includes Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Viet Nam. Peru, Russian Federation and Viet Nam are included from 1998-99.
(b) ASEAN includes Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Burma and Laos are included from July 1997. Cambodia is included from April 1999.
(c) EU includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
(d) OECD includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States of America. Czech Republic and Hungary are included from January 1996 and Republic of Korea and Poland are included from 1996-97. |
Source: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia (5363.0). |
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