|
|
Business expenditure on R&D in Australia in 1999-2000 (table 25.6) was marginally lower than in 1998-99. However, human resources devoted to R&D increased by 5%.
The decrease in R&D expenditure between 1998-99 and 1999-2000 was attributable to a 43% fall in the Mining industry. Expenditure by the Manufacturing industry remained about the same, while expenditure by Other industries in total increased by 12%.
25.6 BUSINESSES, R&D Resources by Industry of Business
|
| | Businesses | Expenditure on R&D | Effort on R&D |
 |
|
|
|
| Industry of business | 1997-98
no. | 1998-99
no. | 1999-2000
no. | 1997-98
$m | 1998-99
$m | 1999-2000
$m | 1997-98
’000
person
years | 1998-99
’000
person
years | 1999-2000
’000
person
years |
|
| Mining (including services to mining) | 106 | 102 | 96 | 537 | 478 | 273 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
| Manufacturing - | | | | | | | | | |
| - Food, beverage and tobacco | 149 | 148 | 134 | 181 | 208 | 186 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| - Textile, clothing, footwear and leather | 54 | 54 | 50 | 21 | 20 | 17 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| - Wood and paper product | 35 | 30 | 38 | 117 | 86 | 104 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| - Printing, publishing and recorded media | 33 | 34 | 26 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| - Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated product | 317 | 314 | 334 | 328 | 351 | 413 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| - Non-metallic mineral product | 60 | 59 | 50 | 70 | 53 | 49 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| - Metal product | 182 | 174 | 181 | 369 | 296 | 227 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| - Motor vehicle and part and other transport equipment | 124 | 126 | 139 | 441 | 380 | 420 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
| - Photographic and scientific equipment | 100 | 103 | 172 | 95 | 107 | 127 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
| - Electronic and electrical equipment and appliance | 329 | 337 | 322 | 427 | 400 | 342 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| - Industrial machinery and equipment | 248 | 232 | 244 | 126 | 115 | 132 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| - Other manufacturing | 73 | 77 | 87 | 36 | 19 | 20 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| - Total manufacturing | 1,704 | 1,688 | 1,777 | 2,229 | 2,055 | 2,052 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 14.1 |
| Other industries | | | | | | | | | |
| - Wholesale and retail trade | 331 | 303 | 295 | 315 | 337 | 352 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| - Finance and insurance | 40 | 33 | 34 | 85 | 81 | 126 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| - Property and business services | 771 | 797 | 868 | 599 | 612 | 720 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
| - Scientific research | 104 | 153 | 148 | 154 | 161 | 210 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| - Other n.e.c. | 181 | 182 | 191 | 301 | 343 | 313 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
| - Total other industries | 1,427 | 1,468 | 1,536 | 1,454 | 1,535 | 1,721 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 11.2 |
| Total all industries | 3,237 | 3,258 | 3,409 | 4,219 | 4,068 | 4,045 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 26.1 |
|
| Source: Research and Experimental Development, Business Enterprises, Australia (8104.0). |
Major research fields (table 25.7) in which business sector R&D expenditure took place were Computer software (13%), Communications technologies (9%), Manufacturing engineering (9%), Automotive engineering (8%), Information systems (7%) and Medical and health sciences (6%).
A slightly different pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 19% in Computer software, 9% in Automotive engineering, 9% in Manufacturing engineering, 7% in Information systems, 7% in Communications technologies and 6% in Medical and health sciences.
25.7 BUSINESSES, R&D Resources by Research Fields - 1999-2000
|
| Type of expenditure | |
| |
| |
| Research field | Capital expenditure
$m | Labour
costs
$m | Other current expenditure
$m | Total
$m | Human
resources
’000 person
years |
|
| Mathematical sciences | 0.5 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 14.0 | 0.1 |
| Physical sciences | 2.9 | 18.6 | 12.9 | 34.3 | 0.3 |
| Chemical sciences | 31.0 | 78.0 | 71.2 | 180.3 | 1.1 |
| Earth sciences | 5.6 | 17.4 | 37.2 | 60.2 | 0.2 |
| Biological sciences | 19.6 | 45.0 | 45.7 | 110.4 | 0.7 |
| Information systems | 22.9 | 135.9 | 105.2 | 264.0 | 1.8 |
| Computer software | 36.5 | 363.4 | 142.3 | 542.2 | 5.0 |
| Other information, computing and communication sciences | 20.5 | 80.3 | 65.1 | 165.9 | 1.2 |
| Industrial biotechnology and food sciences | 18.1 | 55.8 | 48.5 | 122.5 | 0.8 |
| Chemical engineering | 13.3 | 23.5 | 34.2 | 70.9 | 0.3 |
| Manufacturing engineering | 31.4 | 143.8 | 171.2 | 346.4 | 2.4 |
| Automotive engineering | 16.3 | 134.6 | 173.4 | 324.4 | 2.4 |
| Mechanical and industrial engineering | 34.0 | 80.8 | 86.6 | 201.4 | 1.3 |
| Resources engineering | 10.1 | 48.6 | 91.7 | 150.4 | 0.6 |
| Electrical and electronic engineering | 10.2 | 59.1 | 55.6 | 124.8 | 1.0 |
| Metallurgy | 15.6 | 40.2 | 105.3 | 161.2 | 0.4 |
| Materials engineering | 6.3 | 30.5 | 34.2 | 71.0 | 0.5 |
| Communications technologies | 30.1 | 124.5 | 201.5 | 356.1 | 1.7 |
| Other engineering and technology | 27.3 | 138.8 | 157.0 | 323.1 | 1.8 |
| Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences | 19.0 | 56.6 | 73.0 | 148.6 | 0.9 |
| Medical and health sciences | 20.9 | 100.6 | 131.1 | 252.6 | 1.4 |
| Other research fields | 1.7 | 12.5 | 6.3 | 20.5 | 0.2 |
| Total | 393.9 | 1,796.7 | 1,854.7 | 4,045.3 | 26.1 |
|
| Source: Research and Experimental Development, Business Enterprises, Australia (8104.0). |
In terms of socioeconomic objectives (table 25.8), most business sector R&D expenditure ($3,617m or 89%) was directed towards Economic development. Of this, $1,791m (50%) was directed towards Manufacturing. About 6% was directed towards Society and 4% towards Defence.
A similar pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 90% directed towards Economic development, 6% directed towards Society and 3% towards Defence.
25.8 BUSINESSES, R&D Resources by Socioeconomic Objective - 1999-2000
|
| | Type of expenditure | |
|
| |
| Socioeconomic objective | Capital expenditure
$m | Labour
costs
$m | Other current expenditure
$m | Total
$m | Human
resources
’000
person
years |
|
| Defence | 1.2 | 71.0 | 81.8 | 154.0 | 0.7 |
| Economic development - | | | | | |
| - Plant-production and primary products | 5.0 | 22.8 | 17.5 | 45.3 | 0.4 |
| - Animal-production and primary products | 1.7 | 13.4 | 28.3 | 43.3 | 0.2 |
| - Mineral resources (excl. energy) | 26.7 | 50.9 | 159.2 | 236.7 | 0.7 |
| - Energy resources | 4.8 | 33.0 | 43.8 | 81.6 | 0.4 |
| - Energy supply | 28.6 | 48.3 | 57.5 | 134.5 | 0.7 |
| - Manufacturing | 193.5 | 767.4 | 830.2 | 1,791.1 | 12.0 |
| - Construction | 8.6 | 26.8 | 34.6 | 70.0 | 0.4 |
| - Transport | 15.9 | 56.6 | 58.1 | 130.6 | 0.9 |
| - Information and communication services | 83.3 | 519.8 | 381.6 | 984.7 | 7.0 |
| - Commercial services and tourism | 5.8 | 58.9 | 25.5 | 90.1 | 0.8 |
| - Economic framework | 0.8 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 0.1 |
| - Total economic development | 374.7 | 1,603.7 | 1,638.6 | 3,616.9 | 23.5 |
| Society - | | | | | |
| - Health | 12.0 | 86.4 | 104.0 | 202.3 | 1.2 |
| - Education and training | 0.3 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 6.0 | 0.1 |
| - Social development and community services | 0.4 | 13.3 | 4.4 | 18.1 | 0.3 |
| - Total society | 12.6 | 104.1 | 109.8 | 226.4 | 1.5 |
| Environment - | | | | | |
| - Environmental policy frameworks and other aspects | 1.1 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 12.3 | 0.1 |
| - Environmental management | 3.6 | 11.3 | 16.6 | 31.5 | 0.2 |
| - Total environment | 4.7 | 16.0 | 23.0 | 43.8 | 0.3 |
| Non-oriented research | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 4.1 | - |
| Total | 393.9 | 1,796.7 | 1,854.7 | 4,045.3 | 26.1 |
|
| Source: Research and Experimental Development, Business Enterprises, Australia (8104.0). |
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