6359.0 - Forms of Employment, Australia, Nov 2004

ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 19/05/2005

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APPENDIX 1 - Employment Classifications
APPENDIX 2 - Populations and Data Items List
APPENDIX 3 - Supplementary Surveys

APPENDIX 1 EMPLOYMENT CLASSIFICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The ABS publishes statistics about people in different types of employment, and their working arrangements. These statistics are derived from a number of household surveys including the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Forms of Employment Survey (FOES). In these surveys, employed people are classified using categories which capture the essential nature of their employment arrangements.

This appendix describes how people are classified to different employment categories in FOES and compares these employment categories with the standard ABS status in employment classification.

FOES has been designed to examine the changing nature of the Australian labour market, to chart the emergence of different forms of employment, and to provide a source of information about people's working arrangements that are not effectively measured by existing classifications and definitions.

STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT

The LFS status in employment classification is a classification of employed persons, based on the International Labour Organisation's 1993 International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE). Within the ICSE, employed persons are allocated to five mutually exclusive categories according to the type of job held:

employees;
employers;
own account workers;
contributing family workers; and
members of producers' cooperatives.

The ABS adopts the broad level ICSE classification, but excludes the 'members of producers' cooperatives' category due to its lack of relevance to the Australian situation.

Below the broad level of classification, the ICSE is not prescriptive but gives some guidance on the more detailed types of employment situations that countries might be interested in identifying. Prior to FOES, the ABS had not attempted to identify more detailed categories, with the exception of its long-standing permanent/casual measure for employees.

The groups in the ABS status in employment classification are:

Employee: a person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages, salary, a retainer fee by their employer while working on a commission basis, tips, piece-rates or payment in kind, or a person who operates his or her own incorporated enterprise with or without hiring employees.
Employer: a person who operates his or her own unincorporated economic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade, and hires one or more employees.
Own Account Worker: a person who operates his or her own unincorporated enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade, and hires no employees.
Contributing Family Worker: a person who works without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a relative. This group was excluded from the FOES.

Use of the status in employment classification in the Labour Force Survey

The main source of regular status in employment statistics is the LFS, a large-scale household survey which yields official monthly estimates of employment and unemployment. Status in employment is determined largely on the basis of a person's perception of their relationship to the establishment or enterprise in which they work. It is expected that most people would be classified to an appropriate category using this approach. However, in cases where people's working arrangements are less clear-cut, more objective criteria may give different results.

EMPLOYMENT TYPES IN FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT SURVEY

The employment type classification used in FOES 2004 accords with the status in employment classification at the broad level. The following describes the ways in which the FOES employment classification expands on the existing status in employment classification used in the LFS.

The ICSE notes that while it is consistent with the System of National Accounts to classify people working in their own incorporated enterprise as employees (OMIEs), in many respects they have more in common with Owner managers, for example in terms of their authority in, and responsibility for, the business, and may be best classified this way for labour market analysis. In this publication OMIEs are presented as a separate category, as are Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises (OMUEs). Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises can be further classified into two groups: Employers (i.e. hires one or more employees); and Own account workers (i.e. hires no employees). It is important to note that on occasion these two populations (OMIEs and OMUEs) have been combined to create the group 'Owner managers'.

Employees (excluding OMIEs) were divided into categories according to their leave entitlements.

The four employment types that have been identified in FOES 2004 are:

Employees (excluding OMIEs) with paid leave entitlements;
Employees (excluding OMIEs) without paid leave entitlements;
Owner managers of incorporated enterprises; and
Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises.

The Conceptual Framework section of this publication describes how responses in the FOES were used to determine employment type.

APPENDIX 2 POPULATIONS AND DATA ITEMS LIST

DATA AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

The ABS has a range of data available on request from the Forms of Employment Survey. This section lists the data items and populations which relate to the survey. More detailed breakdowns of some data items may also be available on request. The population(s) for a particular data item refers to the person in the survey to whom the data item relates. Where alternative output categories are available for the same data item, these are shown and the data item name is followed by a bracketed numeral (e.g. Country of birth (2)).

For more information about ABS data available on request, contact Debbie Hansard on Canberra (02) 6252 7206, or by facsimile on (02) 6252 7512, or by email to <d.hansard@abs.gov.au>.

Population 1

Employees (excluding OMIEs) with paid leave entitlements

Population 2

Employees (excluding OMIEs) without paid leave entitlements

Population 3

Owner managers of incorporated enterprises

Population 4

Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises

Population 5

Employed persons

Data items					Populations

1	State or Territory of usual residence				All
		New South Wales
		Victoria
		Queensland
		South Australia
		Western Australia
		Tasmania
		Northern Territory
		Australian Capital Territory
2	Area of usual residence				All
		State capital city
		Balance of state/territory
3	Region of usual residence				All
		Standard labour force dissemination regions
4	Sex				All
		Males
		Females
5	Marital status				All
		Married
		Not married
6	Relationship in household				All
		Family member
			Husband, wife or partner
				With dependants
				Without dependants
			Lone parent
				With dependants
				Without dependants
			Dependent student
			Non-dependent child
			Other family person
		Non-family member
			Lone person
			Not living alone
		Relationship not determined
7A	Country of birth and period of arrival				All
		Born in Australia
		Born overseas
			Arrived before 1971
			Arrived 1971-1980
			Arrived 1981-1990
			Arrived 1991-2000
			Arrived 2001 to survey date
			Note: Year of arrival collected in single years
7B	Country of birth (1)				All
		Born in Australia
		Born overseas
			Born in main English-speaking countries
			Born in other than main English-speaking countries
7C	Country of birth (2)				All
		Born in Australia
		Born overseas
			Oceania and Antarctica
			North-West Europe
			Southern and Eastern Europe
			North Africa and the Middle East
			South-East Asia
			North-East Asia
			Southern and Central Asia
			Americas
			Sub-Saharan Africa
			Other
8	Age group (years)				All
		15-19
		20-24
		25-34
		35-44
		45-54
		55-59
		60-64
		65 and over
		Note: Age collected in single years.
9	Full-time or part-time status				All
		Full-time workers
		Part-time workers
10	Occupation				All
		Managers and administrators
		Professionals
		Associate professionals
		Tradespersons and related workers
		Advanced clerical and service workers
		Intermediate clerical, sales and service workers
		Intermediate production and transport workers
		Elementary clerical, sales and service workers
		Labourers and related workers
11	Industry				All
		Agriculture, forestry and fishing
		Mining
		Manufacturing
		Electricity, gas and water supply
		Construction
		Wholesale trade
		Retail trade
		Accommodation, cafes and restaurants
		Transport and storage
		Communication services
		Finance and insurance
		Property and business services
		Government administration and defence
		Education
		Health and community services
		Cultural and recreational services
		Personal and other services
12	Whether has employees				3,4
		Not applicable
		Has employees
		Does not have employees
13	Whether has paid leave entitlements in main job				1,2
		With paid leave entitlements
		Without paid leave entitlements
		Did not know
14	Whether entitled to paid holiday leave				1,2
		Entitled to paid holiday leave
		Not entitled to paid holiday leave
		Did not know
15	Whether entitled to paid sick leave				1,2
		Entitled to paid sick leave
		Not entitled to paid sick leave
		Did not know
16	Whether entitled to long service leave				1,2
		Entitled to long service leave
		Not entitled to long service leave
		Did not know
17	Whether entitled to paid maternity/paternity leave				1,2
		Entitled to paid maternity/paternity leave
		Not entitled to paid maternity/paternity leave
		Did not know
18	Whether works on a contract basis				All
		Works on a contract basis
		Does not work on a contract basis
19	Continuous duration with current employer or business				All
		Under 1 year
		1-2 years
		3-5 years
		6-10 years
		More than 10 years
20	Reason expected duration with current employer or business less than 1 year				All
		Changing jobs/seeking other employment
		Return to study/travel/family reasons
		Retiring
		Seasonal/temporary job/fixed contract
		Employer/business closing down/downsizing
		Other
21	Whether employment has a set completion date or event				1,2
		Set completion date
		Set completion event
		No set completion date or event
22	Length of set employment completion date or event				1,2
		Employment has a set completion date or event
			Under 1 year
			1-5 years
			More than 5 years
		Employment does not have a set completion date or event
23	Whether works on a fixed-term contract				1,2
		Works on a fixed-term contract
		Does not work on a fixed-term contract
24	Whether expects contract to be renewed				1,2
		Expects contract to be renewed
		Does not expect contract to be renewed
25	Status in employment				All
		Employee (including OMIEs)
		Employer
		Own account worker
26	Employment type				All
		Employee (excluding OMIEs)
			With paid leave entitlements
			Without paid leave entitlements
		Owner managers of incorporated enterprises
		Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises
27	Hours worked in main job in the reference week				All
		Worked less than 35 hours
			Less than 1 hour/no hours
			1-15
			16-19
			20-24
			25-29
			30-34
		Worked 35 hours or more
			35
			36-39
			40
			41-44
			45-48
			49 and over
28	Educational attendance				All
		Currently a full-time student
		Not currently a full-time student
		Did not know
29	Expected future duration with current employer or business				All
		Expects to be with current employer or business in 12 months
		Does not expect to be with current employer or business in 12 months
30	Whether considers job to be casual				1,2
		Considers job to be casual
		Does not consider job to be casual

APPENDIX 3 SUPPLEMENTARY SURVEYS

SUPPLEMENTARY SURVEYS

The Monthly Population Survey program collects data on particular aspects of the labour force. The following is an historical list of supplementary surveys to the monthly labour force survey. Data from these surveys are available on request and can be obtained by contacting the ABS.

	cat. no.	Frequency	Latest issue

Career Experience, Australia	6254.0	Irregular	November 2002
Career Paths of Persons with Trade Qualifications, Australia	6243.0	Discontinued	Final issue 1993
Child Care, Australia	4402.0	Irregular	June 2002
Education and Work, Australia	6227.0	Annual	May 2004
Employee Earnings, Benefits, and Trade Union Membership, Australia	6310.0	Annual	August 2004
Forms of Employment, Australia	6359.0	Irregular	November 2004
Job Search Experience, Australia	6222.0	Annual	July 2004
Labour Force Experience, Australia	6206.0	Biennial	February 2003
Labour Force Status and Educational Attainment, Australia	6235.0	Discontinued	Final issue 1994
Labour Force Status and Other Characteristics of Families, Australia(a)	6224.0	Discontinued	Final issue 2000
Labour Force Status and Other Characteristics of Migrants, Australia	6250.0	Irregular	November 1999
Labour Mobility, Australia	6209.0	Biennial	February 2004
Locations of Work, Australia	6275.0	Irregular	June 2000
Multiple Jobholding, Australia(b)	6216.0	Irregular	August 1997
Participation in Education, Australia	6272.0	Discontinued	Final issue 1999
Persons Not in the Labour Force, Australia	6220.0	Annual	September 2004
Persons Who had Re-entered the Labour Force, Australia	6264.0.40.001	Discontinued	Final issue 1995
Persons Who Have Left the Labour Force, Australia	6267.0.40.001	Discontinued	Final issue 1994
Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia	6238.0	Irregular	November 1997
Retrenchment and Redundancy, Australia	6266.0	Irregular	July 2001
Successful and Unsuccessful Job Search Experience, Australia	6245.0	Discontinued	Final issue 2000
Superannuation, Australia	6319.0	Discontinued	Final issue 1995
Underemployed Workers, Australia	6265.0	Annual	September 2004
Working Arrangements, Australia	6342.0	Irregular	November 2003
Work-Related Injuries, Australia	6324.0	Irregular	September 2000

(a) Latest data available June 2004, from the ABS web site cat. no. 6291.0.55.001 annual, or on request.
(b) Latest data available on request July 2001.