Consumer Price Index, Australia

Latest release

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

March Quarter 2025

Released

30/04/2025

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.9% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the March 2025 quarter, the CPI rose 2.4%.
The most significant price rises this quarter were Housing (+1.7%), Education (+5.2%) and Food and non-alcoholic beverages (+1.2%).
Partially offsetting the rise were Recreation and culture (-1.6%) and Furnishings, household equipment and services (-0.9%).

What's new this quarter

Update to the CPI weights

The CPI weights are regularly updated to ensure the weights used in the CPI basket reflect contemporary household spending patterns. This quarter includes the introduction of updated CPI weighting patterns for 2025. For more details see Annual weight update of the CPI.

Monthly CPI Indicator

The latest monthly inflation data can be found in the Monthly CPI Indicator. For more information on how the Monthly CPI Indicator relates to the quarterly CPI see Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia.

Complete monthly measure of the CPI

The ABS will release a complete monthly CPI in late 2025, as part of its transformative program called Big Data, Timely Insights: Phase 2 (BDTI2). Information is available on the Complete monthly measure of the CPI.

Main features

All groups CPI, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
Quarter	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Mar-16	-0.2	1.3
Jun-16	0.4	1.0
Sep-16	0.7	1.3
Dec-16	0.5	1.5
Mar-17	0.5	2.1
Jun-17	0.2	1.9
Sep-17	0.6	1.8
Dec-17	0.6	1.9
Mar-18	0.4	1.9
Jun-18	0.4	2.1
Sep-18	0.4	1.9
Dec-18	0.5	1.8
Mar-19	0.0	1.3
Jun-19	0.6	1.6
Sep-19	0.5	1.7
Dec-19	0.7	1.8
Mar-20	0.3	2.2
Jun-20	-1.9	-0.3
Sep-20	1.6	0.7
Dec-20	0.9	0.9
Mar-21	0.6	1.1
Jun-21	0.8	3.8
Sep-21	0.8	3.0
Dec-21	1.3	3.5
Mar-22	2.1	5.1
Jun-22	1.8	6.1
Sep-22	1.8	7.3
Dec-22	1.9	7.8
Mar-23	1.4	7.0
Jun-23	0.8	6.0
Sep-23	1.2	5.4
Dec-23	0.6	4.1
Mar-24	1.0	3.6
Jun-24	1.0	3.8
Sep-24	0.2	2.8
Dec-24	0.2	2.4
Mar-25	0.9	2.4

All groups CPI, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"],[[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[-1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998],[0.80000000000000004],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8],[1.8],[1.8999999999999999],[1.3999999999999999],[0.80000000000000004],[1.2],[0.59999999999999998],[1],[1],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002]],[[1.3],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[1.7],[1.8],[2.2000000000000002],[-0.29999999999999999],[0.69999999999999996],[0.90000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[3],[3.5],[5.0999999999999996],[6.0999999999999996],[7.2999999999999998],[7.7999999999999998],[7],[6],[5.4000000000000004],[4.0999999999999996],[3.6000000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[2.7999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[2.3999999999999999]]]

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Weighted average of eight capital cities
Weighted average of eight capital cities	Dec Qtr 2024 to Mar Qtr 2025	Mar Qtr 2024 to Mar Qtr 2025
	(% change)	(% change)
All groups CPI	0.9	2.4
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	1.2	3.2
Alcohol and tobacco	1.2	6.5
Clothing and footwear	-0.8	1.7
Housing	1.7	2.0
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.9	0.7
Health	2.9	4.1
Transport	1.0	-1.0
Communication	-0.3	0.0
Recreation and culture	-1.6	1.7
Education	5.2	5.7
Insurance and financial services	0.5	3.8
CPI analytical series
All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	0.9	2.4
Trimmed mean	0.7	2.9
Weighted median	0.7	3.0

Overview

Trimmed mean inflation lowest since December 2021

Annual CPI inflation was 2.4 per cent in the March quarter, unchanged from the December quarter. The Trimmed mean provides a view of underlying inflation by reducing the effect of irregular or temporary price changes that can impact the CPI. Trimmed mean annual inflation was 2.9 per cent, down from 3.3 per cent in the December quarter.

All groups CPI and Trimmed mean, Australia, annual movement (%)
	All groups CPI (%)	Trimmed mean (%)
Mar-15	1.3	2.3
Jun-15	1.5	2.2
Sep-15	1.5	2.1
Dec-15	1.7	2.1
Mar-16	1.3	1.7
Jun-16	1.0	1.6
Sep-16	1.3	1.6
Dec-16	1.5	1.5
Mar-17	2.1	1.7
Jun-17	1.9	1.7
Sep-17	1.8	1.7
Dec-17	1.9	1.7
Mar-18	1.9	1.7
Jun-18	2.1	1.6
Sep-18	1.9	1.7
Dec-18	1.8	1.8
Mar-19	1.3	1.6
Jun-19	1.6	1.6
Sep-19	1.7	1.5
Dec-19	1.8	1.5
Mar-20	2.2	1.7
Jun-20	-0.3	1.2
Sep-20	0.7	1.2
Dec-20	0.9	1.2
Mar-21	1.1	1.1
Jun-21	3.8	1.6
Sep-21	3.0	2.1
Dec-21	3.5	2.7
Mar-22	5.1	3.8
Jun-22	6.1	4.9
Sep-22	7.3	6.1
Dec-22	7.8	6.8
Mar-23	7.0	6.5
Jun-23	6.0	5.8
Sep-23	5.4	5.1
Dec-23	4.1	4.2
Mar-24	3.6	4.0
Jun-24	3.8	4.0
Sep-24	2.8	3.6
Dec-24	2.4	3.3
Mar-25	2.4	2.9

All groups CPI and Trimmed mean, Australia, annual movement (%)

["","All groups CPI","Trimmed mean"]

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Annual inflation for Services lowest since June 2022

Annual Services inflation eased to 3.7 per cent in the March quarter, down from 4.3 per cent in the December quarter driven by lower price increases for Rents and Insurance. Annual Goods inflation increased to 1.3 per cent in the March quarter, up from 0.8 per cent in the December quarter largely due to Electricity prices increasing in the March quarter (see below for more details on Electricity).

CPI, Goods and Services components, annual movement (%)
	Goods (%)	Services (%)
Mar-15	0.0	3.1
Jun-15	0.7	2.7
Sep-15	0.6	2.7
Dec-15	1.2	2.4
Mar-16	0.9	1.9
Jun-16	0.3	2.0
Sep-16	1.0	1.8
Dec-16	1.3	1.7
Mar-17	2.5	1.6
Jun-17	2.0	1.8
Sep-17	1.8	1.8
Dec-17	2.2	1.7
Mar-18	2.0	2.0
Jun-18	2.3	1.8
Sep-18	2.2	1.6
Dec-18	1.7	1.7
Mar-19	1.3	1.3
Jun-19	1.5	1.4
Sep-19	1.5	1.8
Dec-19	1.9	1.8
Mar-20	2.7	1.8
Jun-20	1.3	-2.2
Sep-20	1.8	-0.6
Dec-20	1.1	0.8
Mar-21	1.1	1.1
Jun-21	2.8	5.1
Sep-21	2.8	3.5
Dec-21	4.3	2.3
Mar-22	6.6	3.0
Jun-22	8.4	3.3
Sep-22	9.6	4.1
Dec-22	9.5	5.5
Mar-23	7.6	6.1
Jun-23	5.8	6.3
Sep-23	4.9	5.8
Dec-23	3.8	4.6
Mar-24	3.1	4.3
Jun-24	3.2	4.5
Sep-24	1.4	4.6
Dec-24	0.8	4.3
Mar-25	1.3	3.7

End of free child care
Free child care

CPI, Goods and Services components, annual movement (%)

["","Goods","Services"]

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Annual inflation easing for most Services categories

Annual Services inflation has continued to ease for most services categories in recent quarters. The lower annual Services inflation in the March quarter was driven by moderating price growth for Insurance and Rents.

Selected services annual movements (%)
	Mar-24 (%)	Jun-24 (%)	Sep-24 (%)	Dec-24 (%)	Mar-25 (%)
Services - total	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.3	3.7
Education	5.2	5.6	6.4	6.5	5.7
Vet & other pet services	7.1	6.7	5.8	5.3	5.8
Restaurant meals	4.4	4.1	2.8	2.7	2.7
Hairdressing & personal grooming services	7.1	5.6	6.3	5.6	3.9
Rents	7.8	7.3	6.7	6.4	5.5
Medical, dental & hospital services	4.5	6.4	5.3	4.2	4.6
Insurance	16.4	14.0	14.0	11.0	7.6

Selected services annual movements (%)

["","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"]

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Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills

Electricity prices rose 16.3 per cent this quarter. This follows falls of 17.3 per cent in the September quarter and 9.9 per cent in the December quarter due to the introduction of the second round of the Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) rebates from July 2024, which was expanded to include all households.

The rise this quarter was expected as most households in Brisbane have used up the $1,000 Queensland State government electricity rebate resulting in higher out of pocket electricity costs. Some households in the remaining states and territories also saw increases in the amounts payable on their electricity bills this quarter compared to last quarter. This was due to the impact from the Commonwealth EBRF rebates being lower in the March quarter compared to the December quarter due to the timing of rebate payments. Households in some states and territories received catch up payments (two $75 instalments) in the December quarter compared to only one instalment of the EBRF this quarter.

Excluding the rebates, electricity prices would have risen by 0.4 per cent in the March 2025 quarter.

Despite the quarterly rise, electricity prices are down by 11.5 per cent compared to 12 months ago.

The following graph shows the impact the rebates have had on the Electricity series in the CPI since the September 2023 quarter when the EBRF rebates were first introduced.

Electricity Index, Australia (June 2023 quarter = 100.0)
	Excluding Government Electricity Rebates (Index number)	Including Government Electricity Rebates (Index number)
Jun-23	100.0	100.0
Sep-23	118.6	104.2
Dec-23	117.5	105.6
Mar-24	117.0	103.8
Jun-24	114.6	106.0
Sep-24	115.4	87.7
Dec-24	115.6	79.0
Mar-25	116.1	91.9

EBRF (a)
EBRF (b)
EBRF (c)
EBRF (d)

Electricity Index, Australia (June 2023 quarter = 100.0)

["","Excluding Government Electricity Rebates","Including Government Electricity Rebates"]

[["Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"],[[100],[118.59999999999999],[117.5],[117],[114.59999999999999],[115.40000000000001],[115.59999999999999],[116.09999999999999]],[[100],[104.2],[105.59999999999999],[103.8],[106],[87.700000000000003],[79],[91.900000000000006]]]

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Introduction of the 2023-24 Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) for concession households in NSW, VIC, SA, TAS, NT and ACT, and all households in QLD and WA, from July 2023
Introduction of the first instalment of 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebates for all households, and State government rebates in QLD, WA and TAS, from July 2024
Introduction of the second instalment of 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebates for all households, and the second instalment of the WA State government rebate
Introduction of the third instalment of the 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebates for all households in NSW, VIC, QLD, SA, TAS, NT and ACT

	Commonwealth $300 rebate	WA $400 State rebate	QLD $1,000 State rebate	TAS $250 State rebate (Renewable Energy Dividend)
Rebate method	Applied directly to electricity bills as four equal $75 quarterly instalments in the 2024-25 FY (a)	Applied directly to electricity bills as two equal $200 instalments from July and December 2024	Applied directly to electricity bills as a one-off $1,000 rebate. Where the rebate amount exceeds the average bill size, the residual amount is treated as a credit and applied to the next quarterly bill.	Applied directly to electricity bills as a one-off $250 rebate
Timing	From July 2024 for WA (b) and QLD. For all remaining States and Territories, from August 2024. (c) and (d)	From July 2024 (b)	From July 2024	From July 2024

This applies to all States and Territories, except WA, where rebates have been applied directly to electricity bills as two equal $150 instalments from July 2024 and December 2024.
In Western Australia, the first instalment of both Energy Bill Relief Fund 2024-25 and $400 Electricity Credit has been paid from 20 July 2024. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in July 2024 have received their first instalment in October 2024. The second instalment of rebates has been paid from 7 December 2024. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in December 2024 have received their second instalment in March 2025.
For States and Territories receiving rebates from August, the households whose billing cycle is in July 2024 have received two instalments in October 2024.
In New South Wales and Victoria, the first instalment of Energy Bill Relief Fund 2024-25 has been paid from part way through August 2024. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in August have received their first instalment in November 2024. In Victoria, the third instalment of Energy Bill Relief Fund 2024-25 has been paid from part way through January 2025. The remaining proportion of households whose billing cycle is in January will receive their third instalment in April 2025.

Annual price growth continues to ease for both New dwellings and Rents

New dwelling prices rose 1.4 per cent over the 12 months to the March quarter, down from 2.9 per cent in the December quarter. This is the weakest annual rise since the June 2021 quarter.

The lower annual price growth in new dwellings reflects project home builders increasing incentives and promotional offers to entice new business in a subdued new home market.

Rental prices rose 5.5 per cent over the 12 months to the March quarter, down from 6.4 per cent in the December quarter. The easing in annual rental price growth reflects increased vacancy rates across most capital cities.

The rate of annual growth in rental prices has also been moderated by changes to Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA). The maximum rate available for CRA increased by 10 per cent on 20 September 2024, in addition to the usual biannual CPI indexation on 20 March and 20 September each year. These increases to CRA have reduced the amount of rent payable by eligible tenants.

Excluding the changes to CRA, rents would have increased by 6.8 per cent over the 12 months to the March 2025 quarter, compared to 7.8 per cent over the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter.

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Mar-15	0.9	4.8
Jun-15	1.5	4.8
Sep-15	0.7	4.3
Dec-15	0.1	3.3
Mar-16	0.2	2.5
Jun-16	0.9	1.9
Sep-16	0.4	1.6
Dec-16	0.5	2.0
Mar-17	1.0	2.8
Jun-17	0.9	2.8
Sep-17	0.8	3.1
Dec-17	0.6	3.2
Mar-18	0.5	2.7
Jun-18	0.8	2.7
Sep-18	0.1	2.0
Dec-18	0.4	1.8
Mar-19	-0.2	1.2
Jun-19	-0.2	0.2
Sep-19	-0.2	-0.1
Dec-19	0.4	-0.1
Mar-20	0.4	0.5
Jun-20	0.1	0.7
Sep-20	0.5	1.4
Dec-20	0.7	1.7
Mar-21	-0.1	1.2
Jun-21	-0.1	1.0
Sep-21	3.3	3.8
Dec-21	4.2	7.5
Mar-22	5.7	13.7
Jun-22	5.6	20.3
Sep-22	3.7	20.7
Dec-22	1.7	17.8
Mar-23	1.2	12.7
Jun-23	1.0	7.8
Sep-23	1.3	5.2
Dec-23	1.5	5.1
Mar-24	1.1	5.0
Jun-24	1.1	5.1
Sep-24	1.0	4.8
Dec-24	-0.2	2.9
Mar-25	-0.4	1.4

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"],[[0.90000000000000002],[1.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.80000000000000004],[0.10000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[3.2999999999999998],[4.2000000000000002],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[3.7000000000000002],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.40000000000000002]],[[4.7999999999999998],[4.7999999999999998],[4.2999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[2.5],[1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[2],[2.7999999999999998],[2.7999999999999998],[3.1000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2],[1.8],[1.2],[0.20000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[1.3999999999999999],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[3.7999999999999998],[7.5],[13.699999999999999],[20.300000000000001],[20.699999999999999],[17.800000000000001],[12.699999999999999],[7.7999999999999998],[5.2000000000000002],[5.0999999999999996],[5],[5.0999999999999996],[4.7999999999999998],[2.8999999999999999],[1.3999999999999999]]]

[]

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Rents, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Mar-15	0.4	2.1
Jun-15	0.4	1.9
Sep-15	0.3	1.5
Dec-15	0.2	1.2
Mar-16	0.1	0.9
Jun-16	0.2	0.7
Sep-16	0.3	0.7
Dec-16	0.1	0.6
Mar-17	0.1	0.6
Jun-17	0.2	0.6
Sep-17	0.2	0.5
Dec-17	0.3	0.7
Mar-18	0.2	0.8
Jun-18	0.0	0.6
Sep-18	0.2	0.6
Dec-18	0.2	0.5
Mar-19	0.1	0.4
Jun-19	0.0	0.4
Sep-19	0.1	0.4
Dec-19	0.0	0.2
Mar-20	0.1	0.2
Jun-20	-1.3	-1.2
Sep-20	-0.2	-1.4
Dec-20	0.1	-1.3
Mar-21	0.0	-1.4
Jun-21	0.1	0.0
Sep-21	0.2	0.4
Dec-21	0.1	0.4
Mar-22	0.6	1.0
Jun-22	0.7	1.6
Sep-22	1.3	2.8
Dec-22	1.2	4.0
Mar-23	1.6	4.9
Jun-23	2.5	6.7
Sep-23	2.2	7.6
Dec-23	0.9	7.3
Mar-24	2.1	7.8
Jun-24	2.0	7.3
Sep-24	1.6	6.7
Dec-24	0.6	6.4
Mar-25	1.2	5.5

CRA change (a)
CRA change (b)

Rents, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"],[[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.29999999999999999],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[0.10000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[0.20000000000000001],[0],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0],[0.10000000000000001],[0],[0.10000000000000001],[-1.3],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.69999999999999996],[1.3],[1.2],[1.6000000000000001],[2.5],[2.2000000000000002],[0.90000000000000002],[2.1000000000000001],[2],[1.6000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[1.2]],[[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.5],[1.2],[0.90000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.69999999999999996],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[-1.2],[-1.3999999999999999],[-1.3],[-1.3999999999999999],[0],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[1],[1.6000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[4],[4.9000000000000004],[6.7000000000000002],[7.5999999999999996],[7.2999999999999998],[7.7999999999999998],[7.2999999999999998],[6.7000000000000002],[6.4000000000000004],[5.5]]]

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Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) maximum rates increased by 15% on top of the usual biannual CPI indexation from 20 September 2023.
Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) maximum rates increased by 10% on top of the usual biannual CPI indexation from 20 September 2024.

Annual food inflation increases slightly

Food prices rose 3.2 per cent over the 12 months to the March quarter, up from 3.0 per cent in the December quarter. Meat and seafood prices rose 4.3 per cent compared to 12 months ago, the largest annual increase since the December 2022 quarter. The rise in Meat and seafood prices was driven by lamb and goat prices increasing by 19.7 per cent in the past 12 months. Fruit and vegetable prices (+6.6 per cent) continue to remain elevated. Fruit prices were up by 12.2 per cent compared to March quarter 2024 due to higher prices for avocados, bananas and strawberries.

Grocery products, annual movement (%)
	Mar-24 (%)	Jun-24 (%)	Sep-24 (%)	Dec-24 (%)	Mar-25 (%)
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	3.8	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.2
Bread and cereal products	7.2	3.9	2.8	2.5	2.7
Meat and seafoods	-1.6	-0.4	0.4	2.5	4.3
Dairy and related products	4.1	2.3	-0.2	-1.2	-0.2
Fruit and vegetables	-0.2	3.7	8.6	6.3	6.6
Food products n.e.c	5.2	4.0	4.2	3.4	3.1
Non alcoholic beverages	5.4	4.2	4.7	3.8	3.6

Grocery products, annual movement (%)

["","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24","Dec-24","Mar-25"]

[["Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Bread and cereal products","Meat and seafoods","Dairy and related products","Fruit and vegetables","Food products n.e.c","Non alcoholic beverages"],[[3.7999999999999998],[7.2000000000000002],[-1.6000000000000001],[4.0999999999999996],[-0.20000000000000001],[5.2000000000000002],[5.4000000000000004]],[[3.2999999999999998],[3.8999999999999999],[-0.40000000000000002],[2.2999999999999998],[3.7000000000000002],[4],[4.2000000000000002]],[[3.2999999999999998],[2.7999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[8.5999999999999996],[4.2000000000000002],[4.7000000000000002]],[[3],[2.5],[2.5],[-1.2],[6.2999999999999998],[3.3999999999999999],[3.7999999999999998]],[[3.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[4.2999999999999998],[-0.20000000000000001],[6.5999999999999996],[3.1000000000000001],[3.6000000000000001]]]

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Annual increase in education fees remains elevated compared to pre-COVID-19

The Education group, which covers primary, secondary and tertiary education, rose 5.2 per cent in March quarter 2025. The rise was driven by an increase in Preschool and primary education (+5.6 per cent), and secondary education (+6.4 per cent), as higher operating costs were passed through as higher fees. Tertiary education (+3.6 per cent) rose following the indexation of higher education course fees.

Education, Australia, March quarter movements (%)
	Preschool & primary education (%)	Secondary education (%)	Tertiary education (%)	Education (%)
Mar-19	2.3	4.2	1.5	2.7
Mar-20	2.9	3.4	1.3	2.6
Mar-21	1.1	1.8	-1.7	0.4
Mar-22	4.5	3.0	6.3	4.5
Mar-23	-0.8	4.9	9.7	5.3
Mar-24	4.3	6.1	6.5	5.9
Mar-25	5.6	6.4	3.6	5.2

Education, Australia, March quarter movements (%)

["","Preschool & primary education","Secondary education","Tertiary education","Education"]

[["Mar-19","Mar-20","Mar-21","Mar-22","Mar-23","Mar-24","Mar-25"],[[2.2999999999999998],[2.8999999999999999],[1.1000000000000001],[4.5],[-0.80000000000000004],[4.2999999999999998],[5.5999999999999996]],[[4.2000000000000002],[3.3999999999999999],[1.8],[3],[4.9000000000000004],[6.0999999999999996],[6.4000000000000004]],[[1.5],[1.3],[-1.7],[6.2999999999999998],[9.6999999999999993],[6.5],[3.6000000000000001]],[[2.7000000000000002],[2.6000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[4.5],[5.2999999999999998],[5.9000000000000004],[5.2000000000000002]]]

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Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, quarterly movement (%)
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter (%)
All groups CPI		0.9
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	1.2
Alcohol and tobacco	1.2
Clothing and footwear	-0.8
Housing	1.7
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.9
Health	2.9
Transport	1.0
Communication	-0.3
Recreation and culture	-1.6
Education	5.2
Insurance and financial services	0.5

Weighted average of eight capital cities, quarterly movement (%)

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[1.2],[1.2],[-0.80000000000000004],[1.7],[-0.90000000000000002],[2.8999999999999999],[1],[-0.29999999999999999],[-1.6000000000000001],[5.2000000000000002],[0.5]],[[0.90000000000000002],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+1.2%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+1.2%)

Clothing and footwear group (-0.8%)

Housing group (+1.7%)

The main contributors to the rise were Electricity (16.3%) and Rents (+1.2%).

Over the past twelve months the Housing group rose 2.0%. The main contributors to the annual rise were Rents (+5.5%) and New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+1.4%).

Electricity

The rise in Electricity prices was driven by households in Queensland continuing to use up the $1,000 State government rebate, and differences in the roll out schedule of the 2024-25 Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund (EBRF) rebate. Households in most states and territories received their third $75 instalment of the 2024-25 Commonwealth EBRF rebate this quarter, after some households received catch up payments (two $75 instalments) of the rebate last quarter. For more information refer to: New Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills.
Excluding the rebates, Electricity prices would have risen 0.4% this quarter as retailers in some capital cities increased supply and usage charges or decreased discounts for market offer plans.

Rents

Rents rose 1.2% this quarter, an increase from the December 2024 quarter rise of 0.6%.
The increase in rents last quarter was moderated by changes to Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) from 20 September 2024. Excluding the changes to CRA, Rents would have increased 1.5% in the December 2024 quarter.
An easing in rental price growth reflects recent increases in vacancy rates in most capital cities.
Rental prices rose 5.5% annually, the weakest annual rise since the March 2023 quarter.

Rents, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Australia	1.2	5.5
Sydney	0.9	5.2
Melbourne	1.2	5.6
Brisbane	1.5	5.8
Adelaide	1.7	5.6
Perth	1.7	8.9
Hobart	0.4	-1.3
Darwin	0.9	2.7
Canberra	0.3	0.6

Rents, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter","Annual change"]

[["Australia","Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra"],[[1.2],[0.90000000000000002],[1.2],[1.5],[1.7],[1.7],[0.40000000000000002],[0.90000000000000002],[0.29999999999999999]],[[5.5],[5.2000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.7999999999999998],[5.5999999999999996],[8.9000000000000004],[-1.3],[2.7000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998]]]

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New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers fell 0.4%, following a fall in the December 2024 quarter (-0.2%). The fall was driven by project home builders increasing incentives and promotional offers to attract new customers, particularly in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra.

New dwelling prices rose 1.4% annually, the weakest annual rise since the June 2021 quarter.

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Australia	-0.4	1.4
Sydney	-0.4	0.5
Melbourne	-1.6	-1.3
Brisbane	0.1	3.2
Adelaide	1.4	2.9
Perth	0.4	10.1
Hobart	1.1	-0.3
Darwin	-0.2	-2.0
Canberra	-1.1	-1.7

New dwellings, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["","Change from previous quarter (%)","Annual change (%)"]

[["Australia","Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra"],[[-0.40000000000000002],[-0.40000000000000002],[-1.6000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[1.3999999999999999],[0.40000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[-1.1000000000000001]],[[1.3999999999999999],[0.5],[-1.3],[3.2000000000000002],[2.8999999999999999],[10.1],[-0.29999999999999999],[-2],[-1.7]]]

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Furnishings, household equipment and services group (-0.9%)

Health group (+2.9%)

Transport group (+1.0%)

Communication group (-0.3%)

Recreation and culture group (-1.6%)

Education group (+5.2%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.5%)

Insurance, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
	Change from previous quarter (%)	Annual change (%)
Mar-00	8.2	19.8
Jun-00	9.7	30.8
Sep-00	5.0	32.4
Dec-00	0.8	25.6
Mar-01	1.8	18.3
Jun-01	1.5	9.4
Sep-01	2.8	7.1
Dec-01	-0.2	6.0
Mar-02	2.7	6.9
Jun-02	0.5	5.8
Sep-02	1.4	4.4
Dec-02	0.3	4.9
Mar-03	-0.2	2.0
Jun-03	0.0	1.5
Sep-03	1.5	1.7
Dec-03	-0.1	1.2
Mar-04	0.9	2.3
Jun-04	-0.4	1.8
Sep-04	1.0	1.3
Dec-04	0.1	1.6
Mar-05	0.6	1.3
Jun-05	1.2	3.0
Sep-05	1.1	3.1
Dec-05	0.9	3.8
Mar-06	0.7	3.9
Jun-06	1.0	3.7
Sep-06	2.1	4.7
Dec-06	-0.5	3.2
Mar-07	0.0	2.5
Jun-07	0.7	2.2
Sep-07	1.1	1.2
Dec-07	1.2	3.0
Mar-08	2.0	5.0
Jun-08	2.6	7.0
Sep-08	2.9	9.0
Dec-08	1.6	9.4
Mar-09	2.9	10.4
Jun-09	1.3	9.0
Sep-09	2.7	8.7
Dec-09	1.4	8.5
Mar-10	1.6	7.1
Jun-10	-0.5	5.1
Sep-10	1.9	4.3
Dec-10	0.5	3.5
Mar-11	1.2	3.1
Jun-11	1.6	5.3
Sep-11	2.8	6.3
Dec-11	1.3	7.1
Mar-12	1.4	7.4
Jun-12	1.3	7.0
Sep-12	2.6	6.8
Dec-12	2.9	8.5
Mar-13	1.9	9.0
Jun-13	-0.1	7.5
Sep-13	-0.7	4.0
Dec-13	-0.1	1.0
Mar-14	0.3	-0.6
Jun-14	-1.3	-1.8
Sep-14	0.7	-0.4
Dec-14	1.3	1.0
Mar-15	0.4	1.1
Jun-15	0.3	2.7
Sep-15	1.1	3.0
Dec-15	2.1	3.8
Mar-16	1.7	5.2
Jun-16	1.4	6.3
Sep-16	2.5	7.8
Dec-16	2.0	7.7
Mar-17	0.8	6.8
Jun-17	-1.0	4.3
Sep-17	1.9	3.7
Dec-17	1.8	3.5
Mar-18	0.6	3.3
Jun-18	0.9	5.4
Sep-18	0.7	4.2
Dec-18	0.6	2.9
Mar-19	-0.3	2.0
Jun-19	0.1	1.1
Sep-19	0.5	0.9
Dec-19	0.4	0.7
Mar-20	0.7	1.7
Jun-20	0.8	2.4
Sep-20	0.5	2.4
Dec-20	0.7	2.7
Mar-21	0.4	2.3
Jun-21	1.3	2.9
Sep-21	1.2	3.6
Dec-21	0.4	3.4
Mar-22	1.1	4.2
Jun-22	0.3	3.1
Sep-22	2.3	4.2
Dec-22	2.5	6.3
Mar-23	3.5	8.8
Jun-23	5.3	14.2
Sep-23	2.8	14.7
Dec-23	3.8	16.2
Mar-24	3.7	16.4
Jun-24	3.1	14.0
Sep-24	2.8	14.0
Dec-24	1.1	11.0
Mar-25	0.6	7.6

International trade exposure - tradables and non-tradables

Discretionary and non-discretionary inflation

Underlying inflation series

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Dec Qtr 2024 to Mar Qtr 2025 percentage change
	Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI	0.9	0.9
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	1.2	0.7
Alcohol and tobacco	1.2	1.2
Clothing and footwear	-0.8	0.6
Housing	1.7	1.5
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.9	0.2
Health	2.9	1.2
Transport	1.0	0.8
Communication	-0.3	-0.1
Recreation and culture	-1.6	-0.2
Education	5.2	2.1
Insurance and financial services	0.5	0.6
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	-0.4	0.3
	Non-tradables	1.6	1.1

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, quarterly movement (%)
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter (%)
Weighted average of eight capital cities		0.9
Sydney	0.9
Melbourne	0.9
Brisbane	1.9
Adelaide	0.5
Perth	0.5
Hobart	0.8
Darwin	0.7
Canberra	0.9

All groups CPI, quarterly movement (%)

["All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter"]

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All groups CPI, index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change (%)
	Mar Qtr 2025	Dec Qtr 2024 to Mar Qtr 2025	Mar Qtr 2024 to Mar Qtr 2025
Sydney	140.9	0.9	2.3
Melbourne	140.7	0.9	2.3
Brisbane	142.9	1.9	2.7
Adelaide	141.2	0.5	2.2
Perth	138.6	0.5	2.8
Hobart	140.0	0.8	1.4
Darwin	134.6	0.7	1.7
Canberra	138.6	0.9	2.2
Weighted average of eight capital cities	140.7	0.9	2.4

Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

Capital city highlights:

At the All groups level, all eight capital cities recorded rises, ranging from 0.5% in Adelaide and Perth to 1.9% in Brisbane.

Sydney (+0.9%)

Melbourne (+0.9%)

Brisbane (+1.9%)

Adelaide (+0.5%)

Perth (+0.5%)

Hobart (+0.8%)

Darwin (+0.7%)

Canberra (+0.9%)

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Group	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	0.9	0.9	1.9	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.9
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	1.0	1.2	1.9	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.0	1.2
Alcohol & tobacco	1.3	1.1	1.4	0.9	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.2
Clothing & footwear	-0.5	-0.5	-2.2	-2.0	-0.2	-1.5	0.4	-1.7	-0.8
Housing	1.4	1.1	6.7	1.7	-1.6	1.2	1.1	0.5	1.7
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-1.1	-0.9	-0.5	-1.4	-0.6	-0.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.9
Health	2.8	2.9	3.3	1.6	3.1	2.1	2.4	3.9	2.9
Transport	1.0	0.5	1.4	0.0	1.5	1.2	2.4	2.7	1.0
Communication	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Recreation & culture	-1.5	-1.1	-2.6	-2.0	-1.2	-1.5	-3.7	-1.9	-1.6
Education	5.1	5.5	4.7	4.3	5.5	4.5	5.0	6.0	5.2
Insurance & financial services	0.3	0.7	1.1	-0.7	0.9	0.7	0.5	1.4	0.5

Trimmed mean measure

The following table summarises the Expenditure Classes that were excluded ('trimmed out') as part of the calculation of the quarterly Trimmed Mean.

There are three steps involved in calculating the Trimmed Mean. Firstly, the seasonally adjusted quarterly percentage changes for each of the 87 CPI Expenditure Classes (ECs) are calculated and ranked from lowest to highest. Each EC has a weight that represents the proportion of expenditure spent on it out of total household expenditure. The second step uses these weights to work out which ECs (including parts of the ECs that are on the 15 per cent and 85 per cent borders) make up the top and bottom 15 per cent of the distribution. These are the ECs that are 'trimmed out'. Finally, the Trimmed Mean is calculated as the weighted average of the quarterly movements for the remaining 70 per cent of ECs by weight.

Two important points to note about how the Trimmed mean is calculated are:

The selection and number of ECs trimmed changes from quarter to quarter depending on the distribution of the quarterly movements and the weights of the ECs at the lower and upper end of the distribution.
To produce the Trimmed mean, the seasonally adjusted quarterly movement for each EC is used. Without the use of seasonally adjusted movements, some ECs may always be excluded from the Trimmed mean due to the volatile nature of their price change resulting from seasonal factors (e.g. holiday travel).

For more details about the Trimmed mean see Underlying Inflation Measures: Explaining the Trimmed Mean

March 2025 quarter Trimmed mean

Lower trim
CPI Expenditure class	Quarterly movement (%) (seasonally adjusted)	Status
Audio, visual and computing equipment	-2.1	Trimmed
Footwear for men	-2.0	Trimmed
Household textiles	-1.8	Trimmed
International holiday travel and accommodation	-1.6	Trimmed
Major household appliances	-1.6	Trimmed
Books	-1.2	Trimmed
Equipment for sports, camping and open-air recreation	-0.8	Trimmed
Garments for men	-0.6	Trimmed
Garments for infants and children	-0.5	Trimmed
New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers	-0.4	Trimmed
Motor vehicles	-0.4	Partially trimmed

Upper trim
CPI Expenditure class	Quarterly movement (%) (seasonally adjusted)	Status
Medical and hospital services	1.6	Partially trimmed
Veterinary and other services for pets	1.6	Trimmed
Sports participation	1.6	Trimmed
Tertiary education	1.8	Trimmed
Child care	1.8	Trimmed
Automotive fuel	1.9	Trimmed
Secondary education	2.1	Trimmed
Tobacco	2.1	Trimmed
Personal care products	2.2	Trimmed
Footwear for infants and children	2.2	Trimmed
Preschool and primary education	3.0	Trimmed
Electricity	12.2	Trimmed

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, Index numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2025 March	140.9	140.7	142.9	141.2	138.6	140.0	134.6	138.6	140.7
2024 December	139.7	139.5	140.2	140.5	137.9	138.9	133.7	137.3	139.4
2024 September	139.8	139.3	139.4	140.6	137.0	136.8	133.8	137.2	139.1
2024 June	139.1	138.4	140.6	139.9	137.6	138.3	133.6	136.8	138.8
2024 March	137.7	137.5	139.2	138.1	134.8	138.1	132.4	135.6	137.4
2023 December	136.4	136.1	137.7	137.1	134.0	136.8	131.5	134.3	136.1
2023 September	135.8	135.3	137.0	136.2	132.0	135.8	130.9	133.7	135.3
2023 June	134.0	133.5	136.0	133.9	131.5	134.6	129.7	132.7	133.7
2023 March	132.7	132.7	134.6	132.4	130.4	134.0	128.2	131.3	132.6
2022 December	130.9	131.1	132.1	130.8	129.3	132.4	126.6	129.5	130.8
2022 September	128.6	129.0	130.2	128.6	124.8	130.5	125.5	128.0	128.4
2022 June	125.7	126.4	127.9	125.3	125.4	127.6	123.2	125.6	126.1
2022 March	123.7	124.2	125.3	122.7	123.3	125.4	120.7	123.6	123.9
2021 December	121.6	121.4	122.6	120.4	119.4	122.9	118.2	120.9	121.3
2021 September	120.2	120.1	120.7	118.6	117.7	120.2	117.3	119.7	119.7
2021 June	119.4	119.1	119.2	117.8	116.8	119.8	115.6	118.2	118.8
2023-24	137.3	136.8	138.6	137.8	134.6	137.3	132.1	135.1	136.9
2022-23	131.6	131.6	133.2	131.4	129.0	132.9	127.5	130.4	131.4
2021-22	122.8	123.0	124.1	121.8	121.5	124.0	119.9	122.5	122.8

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage change (from previous financial year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2023-24	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.9	4.3	3.3	3.6	3.6	4.2
2022-23	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.9	6.2	7.1	6.4	6.5	7.0
2021-22	3.9	4.0	5.4	4.2	6.0	5.0	6.0	4.8	4.4

Percentage change (from corresponding quarter of previous year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2025 March	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.2	2.8	1.4	1.7	2.2	2.4
2024 December	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.5	2.9	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.4
2024 September	2.9	3.0	1.8	3.2	3.8	0.7	2.2	2.6	2.8
2024 June	3.8	3.7	3.4	4.5	4.6	2.7	3.0	3.1	3.8
2024 March	3.8	3.6	3.4	4.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.6
2023 December	4.2	3.8	4.2	4.8	3.6	3.3	3.9	3.7	4.1
2023 September	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.9	5.8	4.1	4.3	4.5	5.4
2023 June	6.6	5.6	6.3	6.9	4.9	5.5	5.3	5.7	6.0
2023 March	7.3	6.8	7.4	7.9	5.8	6.9	6.2	6.2	7.0
2022 December	7.6	8.0	7.7	8.6	8.3	7.7	7.1	7.1	7.8
2022 September	7.0	7.4	7.9	8.4	6.0	8.6	7.0	6.9	7.3
2022 June	5.3	6.1	7.3	6.4	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.3	6.1
2022 March	4.4	4.5	6.0	4.7	7.6	5.8	5.5	5.4	5.1
2021 December	3.1	2.5	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.5	6.0	4.0	3.5
2021 September	2.9	2.9	3.9	2.5	3.2	3.0	5.9	3.7	3.0
2021 June	4.1	2.9	4.9	2.8	4.2	3.6	6.1	4.8	3.8

Percentage change (from previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2025 March	0.9	0.9	1.9	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.9
2024 December	-0.1	0.1	0.6	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1	0.1	0.2
2024 September	0.5	0.7	-0.9	0.5	-0.4	-1.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
2024 June	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.3	2.1	0.1	0.9	0.9	1.0
2024 March	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.6	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.0
2023 December	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	1.5	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.6
2023 September	1.3	1.3	0.7	1.7	0.4	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.2
2023 June	1.0	0.6	1.0	1.1	0.8	0.4	1.2	1.1	0.8
2023 March	1.4	1.2	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4
2022 December	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.7	3.6	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.9
2022 September	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.6	-0.5	2.3	1.9	1.9	1.8
2022 June	1.6	1.8	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.8	2.1	1.6	1.8
2022 March	1.7	2.3	2.2	1.9	3.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1
2021 December	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
2021 September	0.7	0.8	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.3	1.5	1.3	0.8
2021 June	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8
2021 March	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9

Longer term series: All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers
	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2024	137.4	138.8	139.1	139.4
2023	132.6	133.7	135.3	136.1
2022	123.9	126.1	128.4	130.8
2021	117.9	118.8	119.7	121.3
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

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Time series spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
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TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
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TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
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TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
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TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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Article archive

CPI feature articles

CPI enhancements

CPI weight updates

Response to COVID-19

CPI 17th series review

Measuring Rents in the CPI

New data source:

As outlined in the ABS’ information paper Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia, from July 2022 the ABS has incorporated a new data source to measure the Rents series in the monthly CPI indicator and the quarterly CPI.
The Rents series prior to July 2022 was measured on a quarterly basis using a survey of approximately 4,000 rental properties collected directly from real estate agents.
The new dataset obtained by the ABS is updated monthly and includes approximately 480,000 rental properties that are used to produce the CPI Rents series across all capital cities.

What the CPI Rents series measures:

The CPI measures the prices being paid by households for the goods and services that they consume during a particular measurement period (e.g. month or quarter). In the case of rents, this means that the CPI measures the current ‘price’ being paid by all types of households that rent including new and existing renters who are renting privately or from the government.
Measures of rental inflation that are based on newly advertised rental properties only measure changes in the asking or advertised price of rental properties for new tenancies. At any given time, newly advertised tenancies represent a relatively small proportion of properties being rented in Australia. The Rents series used for the CPI measures actual rents paid rather than advertised prices.
Advertised rents tend to reflect the dynamic end of the rental market where the price change for new tenancies can be more volatile than that being experienced by renters with existing tenancy agreements.
Price changes observed in advertised rents series are expected to eventually flow through to the CPI Rents series. However, the small share of rental properties leased to new tenants each quarter means that it takes some time for changes in advertised rents to impact price change observed in the CPI Rents series.
A useful analogy is to think about a bathtub of water. The water in the tub represents all rents being paid by households, while the water entering the tub from the tap represents new rental agreements. The CPI series is measuring the overall temperature of the bathtub whereas an advertised rents series measures the temperature of the water flowing into the tub. It will take some time for the flow of water to change the overall temperature of the water in the bathtub.

Using price indexes

Price indexes in contracts

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis. Price indexes are also often used in contracts by businesses and government to adjust payments and/or charges to take account of changes in categories of prices (Indexation Clauses).

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

Frequently asked questions

The Frequently Asked Questions page has answers to a number of common questions to do with price indexes and the Consumer Price Index in particular.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 6401.0.

Methodology

Consumer Price Index, Australia methodology, March Quarter 2025

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APA

Consumer Price Index, Australia

APA

Key statistics

What's new this quarter

Update to the CPI weights

Monthly CPI Indicator

Complete monthly measure of the CPI

Main features

Overview

Trimmed mean inflation lowest since December 2021

Annual inflation for Services lowest since June 2022

Annual inflation easing for most Services categories

Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates reduce electricity bills

Annual price growth continues to ease for both New dwellings and Rents

Annual food inflation increases slightly

Annual increase in education fees remains elevated compared to pre-COVID-19

Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+1.2%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+1.2%)

Clothing and footwear group (-0.8%)

Housing group (+1.7%)

Electricity

Rents

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (-0.9%)

Health group (+2.9%)

Transport group (+1.0%)

Communication group (-0.3%)

Recreation and culture group (-1.6%)

Education group (+5.2%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.5%)

International trade exposure - tradables and non-tradables

Discretionary and non-discretionary inflation

Underlying inflation series

Underlying inflation series

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

Capital city highlights:

Sydney (+0.9%)

Melbourne (+0.9%)

Brisbane (+1.9%)

Adelaide (+0.5%)

Perth (+0.5%)

Hobart (+0.8%)

Darwin (+0.7%)

Canberra (+0.9%)

Trimmed mean measure

March 2025 quarter Trimmed mean

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Longer term series: All groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Time series spreadsheets

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes

TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes

TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City

TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City

TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City

TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City

TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City

TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City

TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities

Article archive

CPI feature articles

CPI enhancements

CPI weight updates

Response to COVID-19

CPI 17th series review

Measuring Rents in the CPI

Using price indexes

Price indexes in contracts

Frequently asked questions