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APPENDIX I. FURTHER EXAMPLES OF RATIO OF OBSERVED TO EXPECTED JOINT FREQUENCIES TABLES
TABLE 4 - EIGHT LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH, ages 65 and over, 1997-2001
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| Malignant neoplasms (C00-C97) | Ischaemic heart disease (I20-I25) | Cerebrovascular disease (I60-I69) | Influenza and pneumonia (J10-J18) | Heart failure (I50) | Chronic lower
respiratory disease (J40-J47) | Renal failure (N17-N19) | Diabetes
mellitus
(E10-E14) |
JOINT FREQUENCY (NUMBER)
|
Malignant neoplasms (C00-C97) | - | 19,284 | 9,159 | 15,654 | 9,792 | 12,259 | 9,366 | 7,382 |
Ischaemic heart disease (I20-I25) | - | - | 20,307 | 14,473 | 38,253 | 21,564 | 18,769 | 20,800 |
Cerebrovascular disease (I60-I69) | - | - | - | 15,559 | 9,719 | 5,750 | 5,432 | 9,238 |
Influenza and pneumonia (J10-J18) | - | - | - | - | 13,737 | 13,743 | 6,990 | 5,452 |
Heart failure (I50) | - | - | - | - | - | 14,031 | 16,310 | 8,909 |
Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5,589 | 4,247 |
Renal failure (N17-N19) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6,685 |
Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
AGE-STANDARDISED RATIO OBSERVED TO EXPECTED (a)
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Malignant neoplasms (C00-C97) | - | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 0.57 |
Ischaemic heart disease (I20-I25) | - | - | 0.65 | 0.53 | 1.38 | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.50 |
Cerebrovascular disease (I60-I69) | - | - | - | 0.98 | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 1.25 |
Influenza and pneumonia (J10-J18) | - | - | - | - | 0.95 | 1.43 | 0.83 | 0.85 |
Heart failure (I50) | - | - | - | - | - | 1.51 | 1.94 | 1.39 |
Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.89 | 0.79 |
Renal failure (N17-N19) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.60 |
Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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ABS Deaths collection data 1997-2001.
(a) For each pair of conditions the observed rate and expected rate were age and sex standardised using 5-year age groups from 65 years & over up to 100 plus, and using the 2001 Australian estimated resident population as the standard. Then the ratio of observed to expected standardised rates was calculated. See Stallard, 2002.
TABLE 5 - ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASES (I20-I25) AND SELECTED CATEGORIES OF DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, for age and sex, 1997-2001
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| | Ischaemic Heart Diseases (I20-I25) and influenza and pneumonia (J10-J18) | | Ischaemic Heart Diseases (I20-I25) and chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47) | | Ischaemic Heart Diseases(I20-I25) and diseases principally affecting the interstitium (J80-J84) | | Ischaemic Heart Diseases (I20-I25)
and other respiratory
disease (residual(b)) |
OBSERVED JOINT FREQUENCY (NUMBER)
|
Males | 45 - 54 | 122 | | 225 | | 99 | | 104 |
| 55 - 64 | 368 | | 1,053 | | 285 | | 454 |
| 65 - 74 | 1,571 | | 4,217 | | 964 | | 1,640 |
| 75 - 84 | 3,503 | | 6,521 | | 1,772 | | 2,685 |
| 85 + | 2,511 | | 2,841 | | 1,008 | | 1,421 |
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Females | 45 - 54 | 34 | | 99 | | 42 | | 63 |
| 55 - 64 | 158 | | 433 | | 127 | | 181 |
| 65 - 74 | 717 | | 1,833 | | 495 | | 753 |
| 75 - 84 | 2,381 | | 3,532 | | 1,455 | | 1,656 |
| 85 + | 3,790 | | 2,620 | | 1,797 | | 1,730 |
EXPECTED JOINT FREQUENCY (NUMBER) (a)
|
Males | 45 - 54 | 302 | | 207 | | 87 | | 316 |
| 55 - 64 | 860 | | 1,011 | | 242 | | 943 |
| 65 - 74 | 2,941 | | 4,109 | | 745 | | 2,776 |
| 75 - 84 | 6,282 | | 6,396 | | 1,299 | | 4,232 |
| 85 + | 4,685 | | 2,762 | | 697 | | 2,233 |
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Females | 45 - 54 | 80 | | 62 | | 24 | | 103 |
| 55 - 64 | 260 | | 338 | | 75 | | 332 |
| 65 - 74 | 1,262 | | 1,644 | | 348 | | 1,242 |
| 75 - 84 | 4,526 | | 3,398 | | 1,023 | | 2,777 |
| 85 + | 7,811 | | 2,384 | | 1,143 | | 2,821 |
RATIO OBSERVED TO EXPECTED
|
Males | 45 - 54 | 0.40 | | *1.09 | | *1.13 | | 0.33 |
| 55 - 64 | 0.43 | | *1.04 | | 1.18 | | 0.48 |
| 65 - 74 | 0.53 | | *1.03 | | 1.29 | | 0.59 |
| 75 - 84 | 0.56 | | *1.02 | | 1.36 | | 0.63 |
| 85 + | 0.54 | | *1.03 | | 1.45 | | 0.64 |
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Females | 45 - 54 | 0.43 | | 1.61 | | 1.76 | | 0.61 |
| 55 - 64 | 0.61 | | 1.28 | | 1.69 | | 0.54 |
| 65 - 74 | 0.57 | | 1.11 | | 1.42 | | 0.61 |
| 75 - 84 | 0.53 | | 1.04 | | 1.42 | | 0.60 |
| 85 + | 0.49 | | 1.10 | | 1.57 | | 0.61 |
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* test for independence not significant at p=0.01 level.
(a) Rounded to nearest whole number.
(b)( ICD-10 codes J00-J06, J20-J22, J30-J39, J60-J70, J85-J86, J90-J99)
Calculated from ABS Deaths collection data 1997-2001.
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