4704.0 - The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 29/04/2008
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GLOSSARY
Care and protection orders Children subject to a care and protection order are those for whom the Community Services Department has a responsibility as a result of some formal legal order or an administrative/voluntary arrangement. Only orders issued for protective reasons are included. Carer A person aged 15 years or over who provides care for another person with disability, a long-term illness, or problems related to old age. The questions used to ascertain carer status in the 2006 Census are in Appendix 1 of this report. Census A census is a count of a whole population. The Census of Population and Housing measures the number of people in Australia and their key characteristics, at a given point in time. The ABS conducts the Census every five years; the last was in August 2006. In this publication the word ‘Census’ refers to the ABS Census of Population and Housing. Clan, tribal group or language group A group of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people who share a common language and/or clan or tribal membership. Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) - Income unit A CRA income unit is defined as either a single person or a couple with or without dependants. Children over 16 years of age are not regarded as dependent unless they are full-time secondary students aged less than 18 years and not receiving social security payments. Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) programme The CDEP programme enables participants (usually members of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities) to exchange unemployment benefits for opportunities to undertake work and training in activities which are managed by a local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander community organisation. Participants in the programme are classified as employed. Community health centre A facility that provides a range of medical and health-related services to the community. The centre may also provide advice to people on issues such as sexually transmitted diseases, immunisation and family planning. In remote areas some of these services may not be available, but the centre would usually have nurses, health workers and/or doctors in regular attendance. Comorbidity When a person has two or more health conditions at the same time. Core activity need for assistance People who sometimes or always need help or assistance with one or more of three core activities - self-care, mobility and communication - because of disability, a long-term health condition (lasting six months or more) or old age. This 2006 Census concept is relatable to the 2002 NATSISS measure of profound/severe core activity limitation. The questions used to ascertain core activity need for assistance in the 2006 Census are in Appendix 1 of this report. See also Profound/severe core activity limitation. Current daily smoker A person who was smoking one or more cigarettes (or cigars or pipes) per day, on average, at the time of interview. See also Smoker status. Dialysis A treatment for end-stage renal disease, where the work of the kidneys is performed artificially. Difficulty communicating with service providers The extent to which a person has difficulty communicating with service providers, such as government organisations, due to language difficulties. Discrete Indigenous community A geographical location with a physical or legal boundary that is inhabited or intended to be inhabited predominantly by Indigenous people (i.e. comprising more than 50% of the usual population), with housing and infrastructure that is either owned or managed on a community basis. dmft (child teeth) The number of decayed, missing or filled deciduous (child) teeth. DMFT (adult teeth) The number of decayed, missing or filled permanent (adult) teeth. Dwelling See Non-private dwelling and Private dwelling. Dwelling condition See Permanent dwelling condition. Educational attainment The highest level of education attained. Includes both primary and secondary school and non-school qualifications. See also Highest year of school completed and Non-school qualification. Employed Persons aged 15 years or over who had a job or business, or who undertook work without pay in a family business, for a minimum of one hour, in the previous week. Includes persons who were absent from a job or business and CDEP participants. See also Labour force status. Employed full-time Persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. Employed part-time Persons who usually work at least one hour, but less than 35 hours per week. Equivalised gross household income A standardised income measure which enables analysis of the relative wellbeing of households of different size and composition. Equivalence scales are used to adjust the actual incomes of households in a way that accounts for differences in the needs of individuals within those households and the economies of scale achieved by people living together. The adjustment recognises the greater level of income required by larger households compared with smaller households, and also that the resource needs of adults are normally greater than those of children. For example, it would be expected that a household comprising two people would normally need more income than a lone person household if the two households are to enjoy the same standard of living. One way of adjusting for this difference in household size might be simply to divide the income of the household by the number of people within the household so that all income is presented on a per capita basis. However, such a simple adjustment assumes that all individuals have the same needs if they are to enjoy the same standard of living and that there are no economies derived from sharing resources. When household income is adjusted according to an equivalence scale, equivalised household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources available to each individual in a household. In this publication, a 'modified OECD' equivalence scale has been used; the scale widely accepted among Australian analysts of income distribution. This scale allocates 1.0 point for the first adult (aged 15 years or over) in a household; 0.5 for each additional adult; and 0.3 for each child. Equivalised household income is derived by dividing total household income by the sum of the equivalence points allocated to household members. For example, if a household received combined gross income of $2,100 per week and comprised two adults and two children (combined household equivalence points of 2.1), the equivalised gross household income for each household member would be calculated as $1,000 per week. See also People in low income households. Equivalised household income - quintiles Groupings of 20% of the total population of Australia when ranked in ascending order according to equivalised gross household income. The population used for this purpose includes all people living in private dwellings, including children. Households in which income was not reported or only partially reported have been excluded. Estimated resident population (ERP) The official ABS estimate of the Australian population, based on the Census count (on a usual residence basis). The estimated resident population is compiled at 30 June each census year, and is updated quarterly between censuses. These intercensal estimates of the resident population are revised each time a population census is taken. See also Indigenous estimated resident population. Estimated resident Indigenous population The Indigenous ERP is based on the Census count and adjusted for instances in which Indigenous status is unknown and for net undercount. These adjustments are necessary because of the volatility of counts of the Indigenous population between censuses. Exercise level Based on frequency, intensity (i.e. walking, moderate exercise and vigorous exercise) and duration of exercise (for recreation, sport or fitness) in the previous two weeks. From these components, an exercise score was derived using factors to represent the intensity of the exercise. Scores were grouped into the following four categories: Sedentary - Less than 100 mins ( includes no exercise) Low - 100 mins to less than 1600 mins Moderate - 600-3200 mins, or more than 3200 mins but less than 2 hours of vigorous exercise High - More than 3200 mins and 2 hours or more of vigorous exercise Fertility rate See Total fertility rate. Financial stress In this report, 'financial stress' is defined as the inability of a household to obtain $2000 within a week for something important. Foetal death (stillbirth) Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception of 20 or more completed weeks of gestation or of 400 grams or more of birthweight (criteria used for the state and territory perinatal collections). Foetal death rate The number of foetal deaths in a year per 1,000 total births in the same year. Health Care Card These cards provide for medical and/or related services free of charge or at reduced rates to recipients of Australian government pensions or benefits. Health status See self-assessed health status. High level residential aged care Residential aged care services delivered to residents with high levels of dependency. These are approximately equivalent to the services delivered by nursing homes in the past. High volume form Most Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP) agencies use the general client form to collect data for the SAAP Client collection. This form has 29 questions. 'High volume' agencies have a large number of clients and a high client throughput. These agencies use a 'high volume' client form with a subset of questions from the general client form. Generally, high volume agencies include those providing accommodation to more than 50 people per night, telephone referral agencies, day centres and information and referral centres. Highest year of school completed The highest year of primary or secondary school completed, irrespective of the type of educational institution attended, or where that education was undertaken. In this publication, the population of interest excludes people aged less than 15 years and those who were still attending a secondary school. Homelands/traditional country An area of land with which Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people have ancestral and/or cultural links. Home owner See Owner without a mortgage and Owner with a mortgage. Hospitalisation Refers to the process by which an admitted patient completes an episode of care in hospital, by being discharged, transferring to another hospital or care facility, or dying. A hospital separation record refers to a patient's administrative record on discharge from hospital. The record gives demographic details such as age, sex and Indigenous status, as well as reasons for hospitalisation, and treatments or procedures performed. Hospital separation See Hospitalisation. Household A household is defined as a group of two or more related or unrelated people who usually reside in the same dwelling, who regard themselves as a household, and who make common provision for food or other essentials for living; or a person living in a dwelling who makes provisions for his/her own food and other essentials for living, without combining with any other person (i.e. a lone-person household). In this publication, households are separated into those containing at least one Indigenous person (referred to as Indigenous households) and Other households. See also Indigenous household and Other household. Housing assistance program A program to assist people to obtain access to housing that is affordable and appropriate to their needs. Illicit substance use The use of substances for non-medical purposes. Substances included in the 2004-05 NATSIHS were pain-killers or analgesics, tranquillisers or sleeping pills, amphetamines or speed, marijuana, hashish or cannabis resin, heroin, methadone, cocaine, hallucinogens (both synthetic and naturally occuring), ecstasy or other designer drugs, petrol and other inhalants, and kava. Information was collected on substance use in the previous 12 months and substance use to date, for people aged 18 years or over in non-remote areas, using a self-completion form. Information on substance use was not collected in remote areas due to concerns about guaranteeing respondent confidentiality in instances where personal interview was the collection method. Imprisonment rate The number of prisoners per 100,000 adult population. Incidence The number of new cases of a particular illness commencing during a given period in a specified population. See also Prevalence. Income Regular gross weekly income, which is the income before tax, superannuation, health insurance, or other deductions are made. Gross income includes family allowance, family allowance supplement, pensions, unemployment benefits, student allowances, maintenance (child support), superannuation, wages, overtime, dividends, rents received, interest received, business or farm income (less operation expenses) and workers compensation received. Income quintiles See Equivalised gross household income - quintiles. Indigenous community housing Dwellings targeted to Indigenous people that are managed by Indigenous Housing Organisations. Indigenous household A household in an occupied private dwelling with at least one resident who has been identified as Indigenous, and who was enumerated at home on Census night. The other residents of the household may have been identified as Indigenous, non-Indigenous, or have Indigenous status unknown. See also Household and Other household. Indigenous Housing Organisation Any Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander organisation which is responsible for managing housing for Indigenous people. This includes community organisations, such as Resources Agencies and Land Councils, that have a range of functions, provided that they manage housing for Indigenous people. Indigenous income unit An income unit in which the client of a community services program, or their partner, has been identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander in origin. See also Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) - Income unit. Indigenous people People who identified themselves, or were identified by another household member, as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. Indigenous Region Indigenous Regions (IREGs) are the highest level of the Australian Indigenous Geographic Classification (AIGC). The AIGC provides a geographical standard for the publication of Census data about the Indigenous population of Australia. In 2001, the highest level of the AIGC was Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) Region, which reflected the legal ATSIC Region boundaries defined under the ATSIC Act (1989). When ATSIC ceased operations in 2005, the legal requirement for these boundaries also ceased to exist. IREGs are based on the former ATSIC Region boundaries but reflect recent changes in local government areas. Changes in government administrative arrangements were also taken into account in defining the IREGs. Where possible and appropriate, the 2001 boundaries were maintained to allow the characteristics of Indigenous people within a Region to be compared across Censuses. Individual weekly income Gross income (including pensions and allowances) that a person aged 15 years or over usually receives each week. See also Median individual weekly income. Infant mortality Deaths of children under one year of age. Infant mortality rate The number of deaths of infants per 1,000 live births. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) The tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (ICD-10). The Australian modification of the ICD-10 (ICD-10-AM) was adopted for Australian use for deaths registered from 1 January 1999 and superseded ICD-9. The ICD, which is endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is primarily designed for the classification of diseases and injuries with a formal diagnosis. Involvement in social activities Participation in social activities in the three months prior to interview including: recreational or cultural group activities; community or special interest group activities; church or religious activities; outings to a cafe, restaurant or bar; involvement in sport or physical activities; attendance at a sporting event as a spectator; visiting a library, museum or art gallery; going to the movies, theatre or concert; visiting a park, botanic gardens, zoo or theme park; attending Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission or Native Title meetings; attending funerals, ceremonies or festivals; and fishing or hunting in a group. Jurisdiction A state or territory of Australia. Labour force participation rate The number of persons in the labour force (i.e. employed plus unemployed) expressed as a percentage of the population. Both the numerator and denominator may be restricted to derive labour force participation rates for particular age groups, e.g. persons aged 18-64 years. Persons who did not report their labour force status are excluded when calculating the participation rate. See also Employed, Labour force status, and Unemployed. Labour force status Identifies whether a person is employed, unemployed or not in the labour force. See also Employed, Not in the labour force and Unemployed. Landlord The person or organisation that provides housing in exchange for rent. Language spoken at home In the 2006 Census, language spoken at home was recorded for people who spoke a language other than English at home. It does not identify the main language spoken or number of languages spoken. Life table A life table is a statistical model used to show the life expectancy and hence levels of mortality at different ages. It depicts the mortality experience of a hypothetical group of newborn babies throughout their lifetimes. Life tables may be complete or abridged, depending on the age interval used in their compilation. Complete life tables such as those for the Australian population contain data by single years of age, while abridged life tables, such as those for the Indigenous population, contain data for five-year age groups. Life tables are presented separately for males and females. Long-term health condition A medical condition (illness, injury or disability) which has lasted at least six months, or which the respondent expects to last for six months or more. In the 2004-05 NATSIHS, some reported conditions were assumed to be long-term, including: asthma; arthritis; cancer; osteoporosis; diabetes; rheumatic heart disease; heart attack; and stroke. Long-term risky/high risk alcohol consumption According to National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, long-term risky/high risk alcohol consumption equates to 50ml or more of alcohol per day for men and 25ml or more per day for women (see table below). In the 2004-05 NATSIHS, long-term alcohol risk levels were derived from the average daily consumption of alcohol in the seven days prior to interview. It should be noted that risk level as defined by the NHMRC is based on regular alcohol consumption levels, whereas indicators derived from the 2004-05 NATSIHS do not take into account whether consumption in the reference week was more, less or the same as usual.
See also Alcohol consumption risk level and Short-term risky/high risk alcohol consumption. Low birthweight Birthweight of less than 2,500 grams. Low resource household See People in low resource households. Major cities Geographical areas within the 'Major cities of Australia' category of the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Remoteness Structure. See also Remoteness Area. Marital status See Social marital status. Median The midpoint of a distribution of values. Half the values occur above this point and half below. Median equivalised gross household income The midpoint of the distribution of equivalised weekly income values, based on ranged data. See also Equivalised weekly income. Median individual weekly income The midpoint of the distribution of individual weekly income values, based on ranged data. See also Individual weekly income. Morbidity Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological wellbeing. Multiple causes of death All morbid conditions, diseases and injuries entered on the death certificate. These include those factors involved in the morbid train of events leading to death which were classified as either the underlying cause, the immediate cause, or any intervening causes and those conditions which contributed to death, but were not related to the disease or condition causing death. For deaths where the underlying cause was identified as an external cause (injury or poisoning) multiple causes include circumstances of injury, the nature of injury as well as any other conditions reported on the death certificate. Needs assistance with core activities See Core activity need for assistance. Neighbourhood/community problems A person’s perception of crime and other problems in their neighbourhood. Problems include: theft; prowlers or loiterers; damage to property; dangerous or noisy driving; alcohol and illegal drugs; family violence; assault; sexual assault; problems with neighbours; youth-related problems; and a perceived lack of personal safety. Neonatal death Death of a liveborn infant within 28 days of birth. Neonatal mortality rate The number of neonatal deaths in a year per 1,000 live births in the same year. Non-private dwelling Includes (but is not limited to) hotel, motel, hospital or psychiatric institution, nursing home, boarding house, hostel for homeless, disabled or backpackers, convent or monastery, prison, corrective institution and immigration detention centre. Non-private dwellings are enumerated on personal forms instead of household forms which are used for private dwellings. See also Private dwelling. Non-remote Geographical areas within the 'Major cities of Australia', 'Inner regional Australia' and 'Outer regional Australia' categories of the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Remoteness Structure. See also Remoteness Area. Non-school qualification A non-school qualification is awarded for post-school educational attainment. Includes Certificates, Diplomas, Bachelor degrees, Graduate certificates, Graduate Diplomas and Postgraduate degrees. In this publication, the population of interest for non-school qualification is people aged 25-64 years. Non-school qualifications may be attained concurrently with school qualifications. Responses have been coded according to the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (cat. no. 1272.0). Not in the labour force Persons who are retired; no longer working; do not intend to work in the future; permanently unable to work; or who have never worked and never intend to work. See also Labour force status. Obese See Body Mass Index. Other household A household in an occupied private dwelling not identified as an Indigenous household because no residents were identified as Indigenous on Census night. These households may include residents whose Indigenous status was unknown. Other tenure type Comprises persons in dwellings being purchased under a rent/buy scheme, occupied rent-free, under a life tenure scheme, or other tenure type. See also Tenure type. Overcrowding See Canadian National Occupancy Standard for housing appropriateness. Overweight See Body Mass Index. Owner with a mortgage A household where the reference person's outstanding mortgage or loan amount secured against the dwelling is greater than zero. (Persons who have an outstanding mortgage amount but who are not making any payments are included in this category.) See also Tenure type. Owner without a mortgage A household where the reference person has no outstanding mortgage or loan amount secured against the dwelling. (Persons who have repaid a mortgage or loan but have not formally discharged the associated mortgage are included in this category.) See also Tenure type. People in low resource households People with equivalised gross household income in the bottom 20% of incomes, excluding people in households that were owned (with or without a mortgage) by a household member or where a household member was an owner manager of an unincorporated business. This concept takes into account that for some households in the lowest quintile, income levels may not fully reflect their economic wellbeing. This is particularly so for households that have unincorporated businesses or have access to wealth. As the incidence of such households is higher in the non-Indigenous population than the Indigenous population, the 'low resource household' concept enables better comparison between the economic circumstances of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people on low incomes. Perinatal mortality rate The number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births in the same year. A perinatal death is a foetal or neonatal death. Permanent dwelling A dwelling is a structure or discrete space within a structure designed for people to live in or where people live. A permanent dwelling has fixed walls, roof and doors. They usually have kitchen and bathroom facilities, thought this is not necessary, provided these facilities could be built into the dwelling. Permanent dwellings are made from regular building materials and are intended for long-term residential use. Permanent dwelling condition In the 2006 CHINS, permanent dwellings managed by an Indigenous Housing Organisation (IHO) were categorised according to the extent of repairs required. Dwellings that required repairs of less than $20,000 in low cost areas, less than $27,000 in medium cost areas, and less than $33,000 in high cost areas were defined as needing 'minor or no repair' while dwellings requiring repairs of $20,000 to less than $60,000 in low cost areas, $27,000 to less than $80,000 in medium cost areas, and $33,000 to less than $100,000 in high cost areas were defined as needing 'major repair'. Dwellings that required repairs of $60,000 or more in low cost areas, $80,000 or more in medium cost areas, and $100,000 or more in high cost areas were defined as needing replacement. Prevalence The number of instances of a specific disease present in a given population at a designated point in time. See also Incidence. Principal diagnosis The diagnosis established to be chiefly responsible for a patient's hospitalisation. Private and other renters Comprises renters from a real estate agent, relative or other person not in same household, residential park (includes caravan parks and marinas), government or other employer, and landlord not stated. See also Tenure type. Private dwelling In general terms, a dwelling is a structure which is intended to have people live in it, and which is habitable on Census Night. A private dwelling can be a house, flat, caravan, houseboat, tent, or a room above a shop occupied by one or more people. Private dwellings are enumerated using household forms, which obtain family and relationship data. Private dwellings exclude houses under construction, derelict houses, vacant tents, hotels, guest houses, prisons, hospitals or other communal dwellings. See also Non-private dwelling. Procedure (hospital) Procedures encompass surgical procedures and also non-surgical investigative and therapeutic procedures such as x-rays and chemotherapy. Because a procedure is not undertaken every time a patient visits hospital, the number of hospital separations always exceeds procedures recorded. Profound/severe core activity limitation A limitation in the performance of one or more core activities of self-care, mobility or communication. People who needed assistance to perform one or more of these activities, some or all of the time, were categorised as having a profound or severe core activity limitation. This 2002 NATSISS concept is relatable to the 2006 Census measure of core activity need for assistance. See also Core activity need for assistance. Puerperium The period from the birth of a child until the mother is again restored to ordinary health. This period is generally regarded as lasting for one month. Rate ratio Indigenous to non-Indigenous rate ratios are calculated by dividing the proportion of Indigenous people with a particular characteristic by the proportion of non-Indigenous people with the same characteristic. If the characteristic of interest is highly correlated with age (e.g. need for assistance with core activities), age standardised proportions are used to calculate Indigenous to non-Indigenous rate ratios. A rate ratio of 1.0 indicates that the prevalence of the characteristic is the same in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Rate ratios of greater than 1.0 indicate higher prevalence in the Indigenous population and rate ratios less than 1.0 indicate higher prevalence in the non-Indigenous population. Regional Geographical areas within the 'Inner Regional Australia' and 'Outer Regional Australia' categories of the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Remoteness Structure. See also Remoteness Area. Remote Geographical areas within the 'Remote Australia' and 'Very remote Australia' categories of the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) Remoteness Structure. This term has been abbreviated to 'Remote' in this publication. See also Remoteness Area. Remoteness Area Within the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), the Remoteness classification comprises five categories. Determined in the context of Australia as a whole, each of these identify an aggregation of non-contiguous geographical areas, being a grouping of Collection Districts (CDs), which share a particular degree of remoteness. The degrees of remoteness range from 'highly accessible' (i.e. major cities) to 'very remote'. The degree of remoteness of each CD was determined using the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA). ARIA measures the remoteness of a point based on the physical road distances to the nearest Urban Centre in each of the five size classes. Therefore, not all Remoteness Areas are represented in each state or territory. There are six Remoteness Areas in this structure: Major Cities of Australia, Inner Regional Australia, Outer Regional Australia, Remote Australia, Very Remote Australia and Migratory (composed of offshore, shipping and migratory CDs). For more information, see Statistical Geography Volume 1, Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), 2007 (ABS cat. no. 1216.0). Risk factor An aspect of lifestyle or behaviour, a health condition, an environmental exposure, or an inborn or inherited characteristic, known to be associated with health-related conditions that is considered important to prevent, e.g. smoking. Sedentary/low level exercise See Exercise level. Self-assessed health status A person’s general assessment of their own health against a five point scale which ranged from excellent through to poor. Short-term risky/high risk alcohol consumption Short-term alcohol risk levels for the 2004-05 NATSIHS were based on the frequency of consuming five (for females) or seven (for males) or more standard drinks on any one occasion in the last 12 months. These risk levels equate to NHMRC guidelines for risk of harm in the short-term.
See also Alcohol consumption risk level and Long-term risky/high risk alcohol consumption. Smoker status The extent to which an adult was smoking at the time of the interview. In the 2004-05 NATSIHS, smoker status was collected from persons aged 18 years or over and referred to regular smoking of tobacco, including manufactured (packet) cigarettes, roll-your-own cigarettes, cigars and pipes, but excludes chewing tobacco and smoking of non-tobacco products. Categories used to describe smoker status are as follows: Current daily smoker (a person who was smoking one or more cigarettes (or cigars or pipes) per day, on average, at the time of interview); Current smoker - other (a person who was smoking at least once a week, but not daily at the time of the interview); Ex-smoker (has previously smoked daily or has smoked 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime or has smoked pipes/cigars etc. at least 20 times); Never smoked (has not previously smoked daily or smoked 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime or smoked pipes/cigars etc. at least 20 times). Social marital status People aged 15 years or over in a couple relationship with another person in the same usual residence. Individuals are regarded as married if they are in a de facto marriage, or if they are living with the person to whom they are registered as married. Stressors One or more selected events or circumstances which a person considers to have been a problem for themselves or someone close to them in the last 12 months. In the 2004-05 NATSIHS, the specified stressors were: serious illness or disability; serious accident; death of a family member or close friend; divorce or separation; inability to obtain work; involuntary loss of a job; alcohol-related problems; drug-related problems; witnessing violence; being the victim of abuse or violent crime; trouble with the police; gambling problems; incarceration of self or a family member; overcrowding at home; and discrimination or racism. Support in time of crisis The existence of a support network outside a person’s household. Such support could be called on in a time of crisis and could take the form of emotional, physical and/or financial help. Tenure type The nature of a household’s legal right to occupy the dwelling in which they usually reside. Includes home purchasing, renting, rent/buy or shared equity schemes and other tenure types. See also Other tenure type and Private and other renters. Torres Strait Indigenous Region The grouping of Census Collection Districts (CDs), comprising islands in the seas between Cape York and the coast of Papua New Guinea, which make up the 'Torres Strait Indigenous Region' according to the Australian Indigenous Geographical Classification (AIGC). The region's geographical area is equivalent to the former ATSIC classification 'Torres Strait Area'. See also Indigenous Region. Torres Strait Islander people People identified as being of Torres Strait Islander origin. May also include people identified as being of both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal origin. See also Indigenous people. Total fertility rate Estimate of the average number of children a woman would bear during her lifetime if she experienced current age-specific fertility rates throughout her reproductive life. Underlying cause of death The disease or injury which initiated the morbid train of events leading directly to death. Accidental and violent deaths are classified to the external cause, that is, to the circumstance of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury rather than to the nature of the injury. Unemployed People aged 15 years and over who were not employed but were actively looking for work in the previous four weeks, and were available to start work in the previous week. See also Labour Force Status. Unemployment rate Unemployed people expressed as a proportion of the labour force (i.e. unemployed plus employed people). Usual daily serves of fruit Refers to the number of serves of fruit (excluding drinks and beverages) usually consumed each day, as reported by the respondent. A serve is approximately 150 grams of fresh fruit or 50 grams of dried fruit. Low usual daily fruit intake is defined as eating one serve or less per day, which includes not eating fruit at all. In the 2004-05 NATSIHS, information on usual daily serves of fruit was collected for persons aged 12 years or over, excluding those in remote areas. Usual daily serves of vegetables Refers to the number of serves of vegetables (excluding drinks and beverages) usually consumed each day, as reported by the respondent. A serve is approximately half a cup of cooked vegetables or one cup of salad vegetables - equivalent to approximately 75 grams. Low usual daily vegetable intake is defined as eating one serve or less per day, which includes not eating vegetables at all. Information on usual daily serves of vegetables was collected for persons aged 12 years or over, excluding those in remote areas. Usual residence Refers to the place where a person has lived or intends to live for a total of six months or more. Victim of physical or threatened violence A person who had physical force or violence used against them, or threatened to be used against them, in the 12 months prior to the survey. Includes violence or threats made by persons known to the respondent. Voluntary work The provision of unpaid help in the form of time, service or skills to an organisation or community group in the 12 months prior to interview. 'Unpaid' means the person is not paid in cash or in kind for the work they do. The reimbursement of expenses in full or part (e.g. token payments) or small gifts (e.g. sports club T-shirts or caps) does not constitute payment of a salary, thus people who receive these are still included as voluntary workers. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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