4430.0 - Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, 2012 
Quality Declaration
Quality Declaration ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 13/11/2013
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GLOSSARY
The age of a person on their last birthday. Age standardised disability rate An age standardised rate is calculated to remove the effects of different age structures when comparing populations over time. A standard age composition is used, in this case the age composition of the estimated resident population of Australia at 30 June 2001. An age standardised rate is that which would have prevailed if the actual population had the standard age composition. Age-specific disability rates are multiplied by the standard population for each age group. The results are added and the sum calculated as a percentage of the standard population total to give the age standardised percentage rate. Aids or equipment Refers to any aids, equipment or other devices used by a person with one or more disabilities to assist them with performing tasks, but does not include help provided by another person or an organisation. Assistance Assistance includes help that is being received, as well as help that may be needed, but not being received, in common activities of daily life such as showering or dressing, moving around, housework and gardening, or using transport. The help or assistance must be because of the person's disability, long-term health condition or or old age. Attended a sporting event as a spectator A person is considered to have attended a sporting event as a spectator if they have deliberately been to watch a sporting match or competition in Australia, or overseas, regardless of whether they paid to do so. This excludes attendances that were incidental, such as visiting a park or school without knowing a sporting event was underway. Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED) The ASCED is a national standard classification which includes all sectors of the Australian education system, that is, schools, vocational education and training, and higher education. From 2001, ASCED replaced a number of classifications used in administrative and statistical systems, including the ABS Classification of Qualifications (ABSCQ). The ASCED comprises two classifications: Level of education and Field of education. See Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (cat. no. 1272.0). Braces Braces are applied to legs for extra support. This extra support may allow people to walk who otherwise are not able to. Braces can also be applied to other joints to provide extra support after injury. Calipers Calipers are a specific type of brace that is applied to legs. They are constructed of side bars, with spurs fitting into a tube in the heel of an adapted shoe and straps around the leg to hold the splint in position. Capital city/Balance of state Capital city refers to the capital city statistical division for each state or territory. All other regions within each state are classified as ‘balance of state’. Cared-accommodation Refers to accommodation within establishments, such as hospitals, nursing homes, aged care hostels, care components of retirement villages, and other 'homes', such as group homes for people with disability. The accommodation must include all meals for its occupants and provide 24-hour access to assistance for personal and/or medical needs. To be included in this survey a person must have been a resident, or expected to be a resident, of the cared-accommodation establishment for three months or more. Carer A person of any age who provides any informal assistance, in terms of help or supervision, to persons with disability or long-term health conditions or persons who are elderly (i.e. aged 65 years and over). This assistance has to be ongoing, or likely to be ongoing, for at least six months. Assistance to a person in a different household relates to 'everyday activities', without specific information on the activities. Where the care recipient lives in the same household, the assistance is for one or more of the following activities:
The carer payment is an income support payment paid to a person providing constant care at home to a person or persons who need care permanently or for an extended period. Due to the demands of their caring role, carers are unable to support themselves through substantial workforce participation. Child A person of any age who is a natural, step or foster son or daughter of a couple or lone parent, usually resident in the same household, and who does not have a child or partner of his/her own usually resident in the household. Cognitive/emotional This activity comprises the following tasks:
Communication This activity comprises the following tasks:
Continuous care refers to care that is on-going, or likely to be on-going, for at least six months. Contributing family worker A person who works without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a relative. Core activities Core activities are communication, mobility and self-care. Core activity limitation Four levels of core activity limitation are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment with any of the core activities (mobility, self-care and communication). A person's overall level of core activity limitation is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
Country of birth is classified to the Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), Second Edition (cat. no. 1269.0). Dental Professional A dental professional is a specialist in the field of oral hygiene. This includes dentists, dental hygienists and dental specialists such as periodontists, orthodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Difficulty (with an activity or task) The difficulty a respondent experiences in undertaking or completing an activity or task is up to their own interpretation. A person might consider themselves to have difficulty with an activity or task if it takes them longer to complete than other people of the same age, causes pain or discomfort, or is harder for them to do because of their disability or old age. Disability In the context of health experience, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICFDH) defines disability as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. It denotes the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual (with a health condition) and that individual's contextual factors (environment and personal factors). In this survey, a person has a disability if they report they have a limitation, restriction or impairment, which has lasted, or is likely to last, for at least six months and restricts everyday activities. This includes:
Disability rate The proportion of people with a reported disability, in any given population or sub-population (e.g. age group). Dressing Dressing includes physical assistance for dressing or undressing activities, such as doing up buttons or zips, putting on socks and shoes, tying shoe laces, etc., including before or after showering or bathing. It also includes advising on appropriate clothing. Dressing aids Includes aids that are used to assist in the dressing process such as zip pullers, button hooks and tongs for pulling on clothes. Eating (assistance with) This includes the physical aspects of eating, as well as supervising to ensure the food is eaten and nothing harmful is placed in the mouth (e.g. bones) and any washing or clothing adjustments that are needed after eating or feeding. The physical aspects of eating include being seated at the table, serving food, cutting food into pieces and feeding. Eating aids Eating aids include any special crockery or cutlery that facilitate eating. Ejector chair A chair that mechanically 'lifts' the person into a standing position. Employed People who reported that they had worked in a job, business or farm during the reference week (the full week prior to the date of interview); or that they had a job in the reference week, but were not at work. Employee A person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages, salary, a retainer fee from their employer while working on a commission basis, tips, piece rates, or payment in kind, or a person who operates their own incorporated enterprise with or without hiring employees. In this publication, employee relates to his/her main job. Employer A person who operates his or her own unincorporated economic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade, and hires one or more employees. Employment restriction An employment restriction is determined for persons with one or more disabilities if, because of their disability, they meet one or more of the following:
Episodic care Refers to care that is only provided during episodes where the condition of the main/only recipient deteriorates, that is, for conditions where the main/only recipient suffers attacks or relapses at intervals (e.g. episodes of schizophrenia, epilepsy, etc.). During these episodes the care provided might be continuous; however, the type of care is classified as episodic as it is not provided on an ongoing basis. Equivalised household income Equivalising adjusts actual income to take into account the different needs of households of different size and composition. There are economic advantages associated with living with others, because household resources, especially housing, can be shared. The equivalence scale used to obtain equivalised income is that used in studies by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and is referred to as the 'modified OECD scale'. The scale gives a weight of 1.0 to the first adult in the household, a weight of 0.5 for each additional adult (persons aged 15 years and over), and a weight of 0.3 for each child. For each household, the weights for household members are added together to form the household weight. Total household income is then divided by the household weight to give an income that a lone person household would need for a similar standard of living. Equivalised household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources available to each member of the household. Establishment See cared-accommodation. Fall-back carer A fall-back carer is a person identified by the primary carer as being able to take responsibility for the care of the main/only recipient should the primary carer become unavailable. A fall-back carer cannot be a formal provider. Feelings of safety How safe a person feels in various circumstances (i.e. when home alone during the day, when home alone after dark, or when walking alone through their local area after dark) was reported on a five point scale, from very safe to very unsafe. If the respondent indicated that they were never home alone or never walked alone after dark this response was recorded. Financial management (assistance with) Assistance provided to help a person manage their money, including activities such as keeping track of expenses and paying bills. Formal assistance/providers Help provided to persons with one or more disabilities by:
Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and those who, although usually working less than 35 hours a week, worked 35 hours or more during the reference week. Government organisation A government organisation is controlled by the federal or state government or by a local authority, such as a council or shire. Any service provided by an employee of a government organisation, such as a public hospital, is considered to be government organised. Health care This activity comprises:
See Assistance High technology aids for speaking This includes aids such as digitised or synthesised speech output systems. High technology reading or writing aids This includes aids such as audio tapes, talking word processors, specialised computer software and printout systems. Highest educational attainment Highest educational attainment identifies the highest achievement a person has attained in any area of study. It is a ranking of qualifications and other educational attainments regardless of the particular area of study or the type of institution at which the study was undertaken. Highest educational attainment is based on the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (cat. no. 1272.0). Homelessness (experience of) As this survey does not enumerate people currently living in shelters; people sleeping rough; people 'couch surfing' (staying temporarily with other households); nor people staying in boarding houses, it did not attempt to measure the prevalence of homelessness in Australia. Instead the survey sought information about a person's previous experience of being without a permanent place to live. That is, whether a person has ever experienced being without a permanent place to live at some point in their lives. People were defined as having had an 'experience of homelessness' if they had ever previously been without a 'permanent place to live' for reasons other than one (or more) of the following only: saving money; work related reasons; building or renovating their home; travelling/on holiday; house-sitting or having just moved back to a town or city. People who had ever previously been without a permanent place to live for other reasons (e.g. family/relationship breakdowns, financial problems, tight rental/property markets etc.) were counted in the survey as having had an 'experience of homelessness'. Hospital admission
This activity comprises a single task 'household chores', examples of which are:
In the context of health experience, an impairment is defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICFHD) as a loss or abnormality in body structure or physiological function (including mental functions). Abnormality is used to refer to a significant variation from established statistical norms. Examples of an impairment are loss of sight or loss of a limb, disfigurement or deformity, impairment of mood or emotion, impairments of speech, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, and any other lack of function of body organs. Income Gross current usual (weekly equivalent) cash receipts that are of a regular and recurring nature, and accrue to individual household members at annual or more frequent intervals, from employment, own business, the lending of assets and transfers from Government, private organisations and other households. Income unit An income unit is one person or a group of related persons within a household, whose command over income is assumed to be shared. Income sharing is assumed to take place within married (registered or de facto) couples, and between parents and dependent children. Incontinence aids Incontinence aids include items such as incontinence pads, urinary appliances, incontinence briefs, waterproof pants and specialised bed linen. Industry Industry has been classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0). Informal assistance/providers Informal assistance is unpaid help or supervision that is provided to persons with one or more disabilities or persons aged 65 years and over. It only includes assistance that is provided because of a person's disability or because they are older. Informal assistance may be provided by family, friends or neighbours. For this survey, any assistance received from family or friends was considered to be informal assistance regardless of whether or not the provider was paid, such as through the Carer Payment or other allowances. It does not include providers whose care is privately organised (see Formal assistance/providers). Labour force status A classification of the population aged 15 years or over into employed, unemployed or not in the labour force. Level of communication restrictions Four levels of communication restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in communicating with others. A person's overall level of communication restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
Four levels of employment restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in their employment. A person's overall level of employment restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
Four levels of mobility restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in moving around. A person's overall level of mobility restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
Three levels of non-school educational restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in their education. A person's overall level of non-school educational restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The three levels of limitation are:
Four levels of schooling restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in their education. A person's overall level of schooling restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
Four levels of self-care restrictions are determined based on whether a person needs help, has difficulty, or uses aids or equipment in looking after themselves. A person's overall level of self-care restriction is determined by their highest level of limitation in these activities. The four levels of limitation are:
A person has a limitation if they have difficulty, need assistance from another person, or use an aid, to do a particular activity. See Appendix 1 for more detail. Living arrangements Living arrangements refer to:
Living in households A person is included in the 'Living in households' population if they are part of a household and reside in a private or non-private dwelling, excluding health establishments. Long-term health condition A long-term health condition is a disease or disorder that has lasted, or is likely to last, for six months or more and is current at the time of the survey. The exception to this is a periodic or episodic condition (e.g. asthma, epilepsy or schizophrenia, where people suffer attacks or relapses at irregular intervals) where the attack or relapse has occurred in the last 12 months. Conditions that had not occurred in the last 12 months because they had been controlled by medication were also included. Long-term health conditions were coded to a classification based on the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Low technology reading or writing aids Non-electronic aids such as picture boards, symbol boards or large print books. Low technology speaking aids Non-electronic aids such as picture boards, symbol boards or letter/word boards. Main condition A long-term health condition identified by a person as the one causing the most problems. Where only one long-term health condition is reported, this is recorded as the main long-term health condition. Main English-speaking countries Refers to the main countries from which Australia receives, or has received, significant numbers of overseas settlers who are likely to speak English. These countries comprise the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, the United States of America and South Africa. Main job The job in which a person usually works the most hours. Main language spoken at home The main language spoken by a person in his/her home, on a regular basis, to communicate with other residents of the home and regular visitors to the home. Main recipient of care Where a primary carer is caring for more than one person, the main recipient of care is the one receiving the most help or supervision. A sole recipient is also classed as a main recipient. The assistance has to be ongoing, or likely to be ongoing, for at least six months and be provided for one or more of the core activities of communication, mobility and self-care. Meal preparation Includes preparing ingredients and cooking food. Meal preparation aids Includes items such as cutting aids, opening aids and cooking aids. Median The median value is that value which divides the population into two equal parts, one half having values lower than the median, and one half having values higher than it. Medical aids This includes items such as nebulisers, dialysis machines, feeding pumps, pacemakers, oxygen concentrators or cylinders, ventilators, medical dressings, surgical stockings or pain management aids. Medical specialist Medical specialists provide services which are covered, at least in part, by Medicare (e.g. dermatologists, cardiologists, neurologists and gynaecologists). When respondents were asked if they had seen a medical specialist, this also included whether they had seen a specialist due to obtaining a referral from another specialist, as well as ongoing referrals. Mild core activity limitation See Core activity limitation. Mobility This activity comprises the following tasks:
See Core activity limitation. Need for assistance A person with one or more disabilities, or aged 65 years and over, is identified as having a need for assistance with an activity if, because of their disability or age, they report that they need help or supervision with at least one of the specified tasks constituting that activity. Need is not identified if the help or supervision is required because the person has not learned, or has not been accustomed to performing that activity. The person is considered to need assistance whether or not assistance is actually received. Non-core activities These include cognitive or emotional tasks, health care, meal preparation, reading or writing, household chores, property maintenance and transport. Non-core restriction A restriction in employment and/or schooling. Non-personal activities These include meal preparation, reading or writing, household chores, property maintenance and transport. Non-personal assistance This refers to assistance relating to non-personal activities. Non-private dwelling In this survey, non-private dwellings comprise cared-accommodation and 'other non-private dwellings'. Non-school qualification Non-school qualifications are awarded for educational attainments other than those of pre-primary, primary or secondary education. They include qualifications at the Post Graduate Degree level, Master Degree level, Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate level, Bachelor Degree level, Advanced Diploma and Diploma level, and Certificates I, II, III and IV levels. Non-school qualifications may be attained concurrently with school qualifications. Not in the labour force Persons who were not employed or unemployed. Occupation Classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), First Edition, 2006 (cat. no. 1220.0). Older person In this survey, older person refers to a person aged 65 years and over. Information on need for and receipt of assistance for household chores, meal preparation, reading or writing, property maintenance, transport, social, community and civic participation, feelings of safety, computer and internet use, patient experience and experience of homelessness is available from the survey for persons aged 65 years and over, regardless of whether they have a disability or not. Organisation or group An organisation or group is any body with a formal structure. It may be as large as a national charity or as small as a local book club. Purely informal and temporary gatherings of people do not constitute an organisation or group, in this context. Other hearing aid(s) This includes aids such as hearing dogs, light signals, or a teletypewriter (TTY) phone or loop. Other non-private dwelling Non-private dwellings, other than cared-accommodation, are defined in this survey as hostels for the homeless, hotels, motels, educational and religious institutions, construction camps, boarding houses, staff quarters, guest houses, short-stay caravan parks, youth camps and camping grounds, and self-care units in a retirement village which may have cared-accommodation on-site. Own account worker An own account worker is a person who operates his or her own unincorporated economic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade and hires no employees. Part-time employed Employed persons who usually worked less than 35 hours a week (in all jobs) and either did so during the reference week, or were not at work during the reference week. Participation rate In the context of labour force statistics, the participation rate for any group is the number of persons in the labour force (i.e. employed persons plus unemployed persons) expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15 years and over in the same group. In this publication, the population is restricted to persons aged 15 to 64 years. Partner A person in a couple relationship with another person usually resident in the same household. The couple relationship may be in either a registered or de facto marriage and includes same-sex couples. Permanent place to live In this survey, a 'permanent place to live' was left up to the respondent's interpretation. However, if the respondent sought clarification it was defined as a usual address which consists of a self-contained residence. That is, a residence with its own kitchen, bathroom and entrance, and some sort of security of tenure. Personal activities These include mobility, self-care, communication, health care and cognitive or emotional tasks. Physical activity for sport, exercise or recreation This refers to the undertaking of a physical task or action for the purpose of sport, exercise or recreation. Excludes incidental activities to get from place to place, walking or cycling out of necessity, gardening and household chores, shopping, physical activity that was done as part of work duties, and compulsory physical activity organised by a school. Primary carer A primary carer is a person who provides the most informal assistance, in terms of help or supervision, to a person with one or more disabilities, with one or more of the core activities of mobility, self-care or communication. In this survey, primary carers only include persons aged 15 years and over. Persons aged 15 to 17 years were only interviewed personally if parental permission was granted. Principal carer This term was not used in the 2009 or 2012 SDAC, as there was a change in the way primary carers were identified compared with previous surveys. In previous surveys, a principal carer was a person only identified by the recipient of care, as being the person who provided them with the most care, and not by the initially responding responsible adult. These carers were not asked to confirm their carer status. In 2009 and 2012, such persons were subsequently personally interviewed to confirm whether they were a primary carer or not. Principal source of personal income Refers to that source from which the greatest amount of cash income is received. Private commercial organisation A private commercial organisation is any commercial business or self-employed person who provide goods or services at a market rate, in order to achieve a profit. People using the services of these organisations may be entitled to monetary assistance from a government source, such as through a rebate or concession. In these cases, we still consider that the service has been provided by a private commercial organisation. Private dwellings Houses, flats, home units, garages, tents and other structures used as private places of residence at the time of the survey. Private non-profit organisation A private non-profit organisation is any organisation where the business does not operate for the profit or gain of its individual members. A non-profit organisation can still make a profit, but this profit must be used to carry out its purposes and must not be distributed to owners, members or other private people. These organisations are still considered private in nature, even if they receive funding from a government source. Proficiency in spoken English A self assessment by persons who speak a language other than English at home, of whether they speak English very well, well, not well, or not at all. Profound core activity limitation See Core activity limitation. Property maintenance This activity includes light maintenance and gardening tasks, such as:
A proxy is a person who answers the survey questions on behalf of someone who has been selected for interview. A proxy interview may be conducted:
Formal certification, issued by a relevant approved body, in recognition that a person has achieved learning outcomes or competencies relevant to identified individual, professional, industry or community needs. Statements of attainment awarded for partial completion of a course of study at a particular level are excluded. Quintiles Groupings that result from ranking all households or people in the population in ascending order according to some characteristic such as their household income and then dividing the population into five equal groups, each comprising 20% of the estimated population. The same dollar values for household income can therefore appear in separate quintiles. Reading or writing This activity includes tasks such as:
Receipt of assistance is applicable to persons with one or more disabilities, or aged 65 years and over, who needed help or supervision with at least one of the specified tasks comprising an activity. The source of assistance may be informal or formal, but does not include assistance from the use of aids or equipment. Registered marital status Whether a person has, or has had, a registered marriage with another person. Accordingly, people are classified as either 'never married', 'married', 'widowed' or 'divorced'. Remoteness The ABS has defined Remoteness within the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC). The structure defines six Remoteness Areas (RA): Major Cities of Australia; Inner Regional Australia; Outer Regional Australia; Remote Australia; Very Remote Australia; and Migratory. The delimitation criteria for RAs are based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA), which measures the remoteness of a point based on the physical road distance to the nearest Urban Centre in each of five size classes. For this survey, the ASGC 2006 CDs were used. The Remoteness Structure is described in detail in the publication Statistical Geography Volume 1 - Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), Jul 2006 (cat. no. 1216.0). Respite care Respite care is a service which gives carers a short-term break by providing alternative care arrangements for elderly people, or people with disability. Respite care may be provided at home or away from home, during the day, overnight, or for longer periods of time. Restriction A person has a restriction if he/she has difficulty participating in life situations, needs assistance from another person or uses an aid. See Appendix 1 for more detail. Satisfaction (with quality of services received or range of service options available) In this survey, a person’s satisfaction is left up to their own interpretation. A person can choose from the options of satisfied, neither satisfied or dissatisfied, or dissatisfied. Schooling restriction A schooling restriction is determined for persons aged 5 to 20 years who have one or more disabilities if, because of their disability, they:
A mobility aid serving a similar purpose as a wheelchair, but configured like a motor scooter. Section of State (SOS) This geographical classification uses population counts to define Collection Districts (CDs) as urban or rural and to provide, in aggregate, statistics for urban concentrations and for bounded localities and balance areas. Section of State categories comprise Major Urban (population clusters of 100,000 or more), Other Urban (population clusters of 1,000 to 99,999), Bounded Locality (200 to 999), Rural Balance (remainder of state/territory) and Migratory, and in aggregate cover the whole of Australia. For more information, refer to Statistical Geography Volume 1 - Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), Jul 2006 (cat. no. 1216.0). Self-care This activity comprises the following tasks:
This includes both cases where the person didn't receive any hours and where they received some hours, but not as many as were required from the service. Severe core activity limitation See Core activity limitation. Showering or bathing Showering or bathing is defined as getting in and out of the shower or bath, turning on/off taps in the shower or bath, washing, drying and having a bed-bath. It excludes dressing and undressing. Showering or bathing aids This includes items such as shower chairs, hoists, shower or bath rails and special shower fittings. Sign language This includes all recognised sign languages. Two sign languages used in Australia are Auslan, used by people with hearing difficulties and Makaton, used by people with speech, language or learning difficulties. Social marital status Social marital status is the relationship status of an individual in terms of whether she or he forms a couple relationship with another person living in the same usual residence, and the nature of that relationship. A marriage exists when two people live together as husband and wife, or partners, regardless of whether the marriage is formalised through registration. Individuals are, therefore, regarded as married if they are in a de facto marriage, or if they are living with the person to whom they are registered as married. Note: married de facto also includes persons who report de facto, partner, common law husband/wife/spouse, lover, girlfriend or boyfriend. The term 'not married', as used in this classification, means neither a registered nor a de facto marriage. This includes persons who live alone, with other family members, and those in shared accommodation. Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) SEIFA is a product developed especially for those interested in the assessment of the welfare of Australian communities. The ABS has developed four indexes to allow ranking of regions/areas, providing a method of determining the level of social and economic wellbeing in each region. Each of the indexes summarise different aspects of the socio-economic status of the people living in those areas. The index refers to the attributes of the area (Collection District) in which a person lives, not to the socio-economic situation of a particular individual. The index used in this publication was compiled following the 2011 Census. For further information about the SEIFAs, see Information Paper: Census of Population and Housing - Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas, Australia (cat. no. 2039.0). The four indexes are:
Special classes are classes held only for children with disability, which are conducted within a conventional school. This may include classes for deaf students, or for children with specific learning difficulties. Special interest group A special interest group is a group which is focussed around an area of mutual interest to the participants. Special support person A special support person is someone providing personal support within the workplace, which enables someone with disability to undertake their work. This support is generally beyond the level available to employees without disability and may include help with self-care, interpreting others, or providing intensive supervision. Specially modified car or car aid(s) Car aids or modifications include - extra support handles, extra fittings to support disabled passengers, modifications to accommodate wheelchairs, modifications to appropriately restrain a disabled passenger and modifications to accommodate disabled drivers. Specific limitation or restriction A limitation in core activities, or a restriction in schooling or employment. This corresponds with the concept of 'handicap' used in previous ABS publications on disability. Splints This includes resting splints, which hold the affected body part stationary and dynamic splints, which allow the person to move the affected body part more easily than they would otherwise be able to. Standardised disability rate See Age standardised disability rate. Statistical significance Differences between population estimates are said to be statistically significant when it can be stated with 95% confidence that there is a real difference between the populations (see Technical Note for more information). Supervised activity program Supervised activity programs are places where people can participate in supervised activities such as craft work, or programs that simply provide a place where people can meet others in similar situations, or just to allow them to spend some time away from home in a safe, supervised environment. These programs do not provide work, education or training. Some examples of supervised activity programs include:
Supervision includes being watched over or directed during a task because of a person’s disability or old age. For example, people with an intellectual disability may need supervision in dressing to ensure they dress correctly, rather than help with the physical aspects of dressing. Task A task is a component of an activity and represents the specific level at which information was collected. Tenure type The source of the legal right of a person to occupy a dwelling. Type of tenure may be:
Includes the use of aids such as commodes, toilet frames, toilet chairs and any other aids, such as bedpans and urine bottles, used by people who find it difficult to move to the toilet. Toileting Toileting refers to any aspect of moving in and out of the toilet, including adjusting clothes and washing hands. It also includes any aspect of using a toileting aid, such as bedpans, urine bottles, and other toileting aids (see Toileting aids). Transport Transport is a single task activity referring to going to places away from the usual place of residence. Need for assistance and difficulty are defined for this activity as the need to be driven and difficulty going to places without help or supervision. Unable to arrange service This includes people who didn't know how to arrange help and those who were unable to communicate their need for assistance. Unconfirmed primary carer People identified by the initial household respondent as being the main carer for a person (in or outside of the dwelling), but who did not have a personal interview due to being under 15 years of age. Underemployed A person is considered underemployed if they:
Unemployed Persons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:
The unemployment rate for any group is the number of unemployed persons in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force (i.e. employed persons plus unemployed persons) in the same group. Unmet need A person’s need for assistance is unmet if they do not receive assistance, or require more assistance than is currently being received, for one or more of the activities where assistance is needed. Urgent dental care The term urgent was left up to the respondent's interpretation. If the respondent sought clarification, interviewers were instructed to include dental health issues that arose suddenly and were serious (e.g. severe dental pain, bleeding or swelling of the mouth) and to exclude regular dental check-ups. Urgent medical care The term urgent was left to the respondent's interpretation. If the respondent sought clarification, interviewers were instructed to include health issues that arose suddenly and were serious (e.g. fever, headache, vomiting, unexplained rash) and that seeing a GP to get a medical certificate for work would not be considered urgent. Voluntary work The provision of unpaid help willingly undertaken in the form of time, service or skills, to an organisation or group, excluding work done overseas. Some forms of unpaid work, such as student placements or work under a Community Service Order, that were not strictly voluntary have been excluded. Whether provides assistance to other people living outside the household Assistance refers to helping people with 'everyday activities'. Examples may include shopping, transport or housework. The assistance must be provided on a regular, unpaid and informal basis. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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