6226.0.55.001 - Persons Not In the Labour Force, Underemployed Workers and Job Search Experience, Australia, February 2014 Quality Declaration
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 23/02/2015 Final
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GLOSSARY
Actively looking for work (Persons Not in the Labour Force (PNILF)) People who were taking active steps to find work. Active steps comprise:
Age of youngest child Age of the youngest child, 12 years and under, in the household. All difficulties in finding work All difficulties in finding work experienced by unemployed persons during the current period of unemployment. All steps taken to find work All steps taken by unemployed persons in their search for work during the current period of unemployment. All steps taken to attain a job All steps taken to attain a job by persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months. Refers to steps taken to attain a job, not necessarily the current job. Available to start work People who were available to start work with more hours either in the reference week, or in the four weeks subsequent to the interview. Available to start work within four weeks People who were available to start work within four weeks or, for people with children aged 12 years and under, could start work within four weeks if suitable child care was available. Bachelor Degree or above Bachelor Degree or above includes qualifications at the Postgraduate Degree level, Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate level and Bachelor Degree level. Centrelink Centrelink is a statutory authority responsible for delivering a range of Commonwealth Government services, including the registration of persons for job search assistance and income support. Certificate not further defined Survey responses are coded to Certificate not further defined (n.f.d.) when there is not enough information to code them to Certificate I, II, III or IV in the Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (cat. no. 1272.0), Level of Education classification. Contributing family workers People who work without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a relative. Current job A job that a person is currently working in and has lasted, or is likely to last, for a period of two weeks or more. For persons who have commenced more than one job in the previous 12 months, it is the job most recently started. Did not want to work People who were not classified as employed or unemployed who answered no when asked if they would like a job. Discouraged job seekers People with marginal attachment to the labour force who wanted to work and were available to start work within the next four weeks but whose main reason for not actively looking for work was that they believed they would not find a job for any of the following reasons:
Duration of current period of insufficient work For full-time workers who worked fewer than 35 hours in the reference week due to economic reasons, refers to the number of weeks they have been working fewer than 35 hours a week. For part-time workers who would prefer to work more hours, refers to the number of weeks they have been wanting to work more hours. As periods of insufficient work are recorded in full weeks and rounded down, this results in a slight understatement of duration. Duration of current period of unemployment The period of time from when an unemployed person began looking for work until the end of the reference week; or the period of time since an unemployed person last worked in any job for two weeks or more until the end of the reference week; whichever was the shorter period. Brief periods of work (of less than two weeks) since the person began looking for work are disregarded. Duration of looking for work before current job The number of weeks or years that employed persons were looking for work before being offered their current job or starting their own business. For employed persons who had worked before, it includes any time they were looking for work before leaving their previous employer. Economic reasons Economic reasons for full-time workers having worked fewer than 35 hours in the reference week are:
Employed People aged 15 years and over who, during the reference week:
Employee (excluding owner managers of incorporated enterprises (OMIEs)) job starters Persons, excluding those who operate their own incorporated enterprise with or without employees, who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, a retainer fee from their employer while working on a commission basis, tips, piece rates, or payment in kind and started their current job in the previous 12 months. Employees People who:
Employers People who operate their own unincorporated economic enterprise or engage independently in a profession or trade, and hire one or more employees. Employment type in current job (JSE) Classifies employed persons according to the following categories on the basis of their current job:
Employment type in main job (JSE) For this survey, employment type in main job classifies employed persons according to the following categories on the basis of their main job (that is, the job in which the most hours were usually worked):
Family Two or more people, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption, step or fostering; and who are usually resident in the same household. The basis of a family is formed by identifying the presence of a couple relationship, lone parent-child relationship or other blood relationship. Some households will, therefore, contain more than one family. Family reasons for not actively looking for work Includes ill health of someone other than themselves, caring for children and other family considerations. First job ever held lasting two weeks or more Refers to employees (excluding OMIEs) who had never worked for two weeks or more before starting their current job. Full-time preference (PNILF) People who preferred to work 35 hours or more a week. For PNILF, full-time preference is derived from the preferred number of hours of persons who intended to or might enter the labour force in the next 12 months. Full-time or part-time status of last job The perception of people of whether they worked full-time or part-time in their last job. Full-time workers Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and others who, although usually working fewer than 35 hours a week, worked 35 hours or more during the reference week. Fully employed workers Employed people who:
Future starters People waiting to start, within four weeks of the end of the reference week, a new job that they have already obtained (and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then). Under International Labour Organisation (ILO) guidelines, these persons do not have to be actively looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Had an interview with an employer Includes face-to-face and phone interviews. Had a job to go to People who were waiting to start a job, but would not be starting within four weeks. Also includes people who had a job but, up to the end of the reference week, had been away from work without pay for four weeks or longer and had not been actively looking for work. Had worked before Refers to employees (excluding OMIEs) who had worked before and were either out of work or changed their employer before starting their current job. Incorporated enterprise An enterprise which is registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners (also known as a limited liability company). Industry An industry is a group of businesses or organisations that undertake similar economic activities to produce both goods and services. In this publication, industry refers to ANZSIC Division as classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 2.0) (cat. no. 1292.0). Intention to enter the labour force in the next 12 months The intention of people to work or look for work in the 12 months following the interview. Interstate Refers to whether people were prepared to move to another state or territory if offered a suitable job. Intrastate Refers to whether people were prepared to move to another part of their state or territory if offered a suitable job. Job Any paid employment, full-time or part-time, lasting two weeks or more. Job Network/Job Services employment agency In July 2009, the Job Network was replaced by Job Services Australia. The Job Network/Job Services Australia is a national network of private, community and government organisations on contract to the government to provide employment placement services to the community. Job seekers who are registered with Centrelink for job search assistance are able to contact a Job Services Australia provider in their area to receive this service. Job starters Employed persons who started their current job in the previous 12 months. Labour force The civilian population is split into two mutually exclusive groups: the labour force (employed and unemployed people) and persons not in the labour force. The definitions conform closely to the international standard definitions adopted by the International Conferences of Labour Statisticians. Left a job People who are classified as voluntarily ceasing their last job. Level of highest educational attainment Level of highest educational attainment identifies the highest achievement a person has attained in any area of study. It is not a measurement of the relative importance of different fields of study but a ranking of qualifications and other educational attainments regardless of the particular area of study or the type of institution in which the study was undertaken. Years 12, 11 and 10 include people who are currently undertaking school study (See Appendix 1 for more information). Level of highest non-school qualification Non-school qualifications are awarded for educational attainments other than those of pre-primary, primary or secondary education. They include qualifications at the Postgraduate Degree level, Masters Degree level, Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate level, Bachelor Degree level, Advanced Diploma and Diploma level, and Certificates I, II, III and IV levels and not further defined. Non-school qualifications may be attained concurrently with school qualifications. Long-term unemployed Persons whose duration of current period of unemployment is 12 months or more. Looking for work with more hours Looked for work with more hours at some time during the four weeks up to the end of the reference week. Lost a job People who are classified as involuntarily ceasing their last job. Main activity when not in the labour force The main activity of people who are not in the labour force since they last worked or looked for work (or in the last 12 months if they haven't worked in the last year). Main difficulty in finding work The main difficulty in finding work experienced during the current period of unemployment. Main English-speaking countries The list of main English-speaking countries provided here is not an attempt to classify countries on the basis of whether or not English is the predominant or official language of each country. It is a list of the main countries from which Australia receives, or has received, significant numbers of overseas settlers who are likely to speak English. These countries comprise the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and the United States of America. Main job The job in which most hours are usually worked. Marginal attachment to the labour force People who were not in the labour force in the reference week, wanted to work and:
The criteria for determining those in the labour force are based on activity (i.e. working or looking for work) and availability to start work during the reference week. The criteria associated with marginal attachment to the labour force, in particular the concepts of wanting to work and reasons for not actively looking for work, are more subjective. Hence, the measurement against these criteria is affected by the respondent’s own interpretation of the concepts used. An individual respondent’s interpretation may be affected by their work aspirations, as well as family, economic and other commitments. For more information see article Understanding the Australian Labour Force Using ABS Statistics in the February 2013 issue of Labour Force, Australia (6202.0). Mean duration of current period of unemployment The duration obtained by dividing the aggregate number of weeks a group has been unemployed by the number of persons in that group. Mean duration of insufficient work The mean duration of insufficient work is obtained by dividing the total number of weeks a group has had insufficient work by the number of people in that group. Mean preferred number of extra hours The mean preferred number of extra hours is obtained by dividing the total preferred number of extra hours reported by a group by the number of people in that group. Median duration of current period of unemployment The duration which divides unemployed persons into two groups of equal size, one comprising persons whose duration of unemployment is above the mid point, and the other, persons whose duration is below it. Median duration of insufficient work The median duration of insufficient work is obtained by dividing underemployed workers into two equal groups, one comprising people whose duration of insufficient work is above the mid point, and the other comprising people whose duration is below it. Non-economic reasons Non-economic reasons for full-time workers having worked fewer than 35 hours in the reference week include:
Not available to start work Refers to people who were not available to start work with more hours either in the reference week, or in the four weeks following the interview. Not fully employed People who are not fully employed comprise part-time workers who would prefer to work more hours, and full-time workers who worked part-time hours in the reference week for economic reasons. Number of offers of employment The number of separate offers of employment received during the current period of unemployment. Number of spells of looking for work in the previous 12 months The number of times persons reported being out of work and looking for a job during the 12 months up to the end of the reference week. Occupation An occupation is a collection of jobs that are sufficiently similar in their title and tasks, skill level and skill specialisation which are grouped together for the purposes of classification. In this publication occupation refers to Major Group as defined by ANZSCO - Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 2013, Version 1.2 (cat. no. 1220.0). Occupation of last job An occupation is a collection of jobs that are sufficiently similar in their title and tasks, skill level and skill specialisation which are grouped together for the purposes of classification. In this publication, occupation refers to Major Group as defined by ANZSCO - Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 2013, Version 1.2 (cat. no. 1220.0) and relates to persons who have had a job less than 20 years ago only. Own account workers Persons who operate their own unincorporated economic enterprise or engaged independently in a profession or trade, and hired no employees. Owner managers Persons who work in their own business, with or without employees, whether or not the business is an incorporated enterprise. Comprises owner managers of incorporated enterprises and owner managers of unincorporated enterprises. Owner managers of incorporated enterprises (OMIEs) Persons who work in their own incorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity which is registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners (also known as a limited liability company). These persons are classified as employees under status in employment. Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises (OMUEs) Persons who operate their own unincorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity in which the owner and the business are legally inseparable, so that the owner is liable for any business debts that are incurred. Includes those engaged independently in a trade or profession. These persons are classified as employers under status in employment if their business has employees, or own account worker if they do not. Part-time preference People who preferred to work one to 34 hours a week. For PNILF, part-time preference is derived from the preferred number of hours of persons who intended to or might enter the labour force in the next 12 months. Part-time workers Employed people who usually worked fewer than 35 hours a week (in all jobs) and either did so during the reference week, or were not at work during the reference week. Permanently not intending to work People aged 65 years and over who said they were permanently not intending to work. Permanently unable to work This category is used only if a person volunteers that he/she or another member of the household is permanently unable to work. Personal reasons for not actively looking for work Includes own short-term illness or injury or long-term health condition or disability, pregnancy, attending an educational institution, had no need to work, welfare payments or pension may be affected, moved house or on holidays. Persons in the labour force People who were classified as being in the labour force, that is, either employed or unemployed. Persons not in the labour force People who were not in the categories employed or unemployed as defined. Persons not in the labour force because they were caring for children, who wanted to work but not actively looking for work People who wanted to work and:
Preferred number of hours The number of hours persons would like to work each week. Preferred number of extra hours The number of extra hours a week an underemployed worker would have preferred to work. Preferred total number of hours The total number of hours per week an underemployed worker would have preferred to work. Reasons for turning down job offers Classifies reasons for turning down job offers in current period of unemployment according to the following categories:
Status in employment (JSE) Employed persons classified by whether they were employees, employers, own account workers or contributing family workers. Status in employment of last job (PNILF) People who had a job in the last 20 years classified by whether they were employees, employers, own account workers, contributing family workers or unpaid voluntary workers in their last job. Suitable job A suitable job is:
Time since last job The elapsed time since ceasing the last job. Time spent looking for work in the previous 12 months The total number of weeks a person has been both out of work and looking for work at the same time during the 12 months up to the end of the reference week. Underemployed workers Underemployed workers are employed people who would prefer, and are available for, more hours of work than they currently have. They comprise:
Underemployment rate The number of underemployed workers expressed as a percentage of the labour force. Unemployed Persons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:
Unemployed looking for full-time work Unemployed persons who:
Unemployed looking for part-time work Unemployed persons who:
Usual number of hours The number of hours usually worked in a week. Usually worked full-time hours Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs). Usually worked part-time hours Employed persons who usually worked fewer than 35 hours a week (in all jobs). Wanted to work People not in the labour force who were not actively looking for work who answered yes or maybe when asked if they would like a job, as well as those people not in the labour force who were actively looking. It is assumed those people actively looking want a job. Whether had prior knowledge that job was available Whether employed persons knew that a job was available with their current employer before making an approach to that employer for a job. Whether had ever worked for two weeks or more Whether unemployed persons had previously held a job lasting two weeks or more. Whether out of work prior to starting job Whether employed persons were not employed immediately prior to starting their current job. Whether preferred to work more hours than usually worked Whether employed persons who usually worked part-time hours, preferred to work more hours. With paid leave entitlements The entitlement of employees (excluding OMIEs) to either paid holiday leave or paid sick leave (or both) in their current job. Persons employed in their own business or who were contributing family workers were not asked questions about paid leave entitlements. Without paid leave entitlements Employees (excluding OMIEs) who were not entitled to, or did not know whether they were entitled to, paid holiday leave and paid sick leave in their current job. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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