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Feature Article - International Trade in Services by Partner Country, 2003-04
INTRODUCTION
This article provides financial year data for the years 2001-02 through to 2003-04 for Australia's international trade in services with selected major trading partners.
Table F1 presents Australia's international trade in services, for credits (exports) and debits (imports), for 2003-04, by the three broad service categories that are traded. Tables F2 to F3 show this information for the financial years 2002-03 and 2001-02.
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The quality of statistics of international trade in services by partner country is considered to be good, although there are occasional difficulties due to lack of information or the confidentiality of the data for trading partners involved. Approximately 9% of total credits and 5% of total debits shown in Table F1 are either confidential, or unable to be allocated to individual countries.
A comprehensive explanation of the data sources used and the methodology applied in the compilation of partner country statistics is provided in Chapter 17 of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia - Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 5331.0).
ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN TRADE WITH SELECTED PARTNER COUNTRIES
Table F1 shows that, in the financial year 2003-04, Australia recorded a deficit of $294 million in the balance on services. This was a decrease of $104 million on the deficit for 2002-03.
The largest contributor to the overall deficit on services was the United States of America with a deficit of $1.7 billion. Deficits were recorded for most European trading partners, with Switzerland recording the largest deficit at $0.6 billion. Australia recorded surpluses with a number of its Asian trading partners, the largest being with Japan at $1.3 billion. Australia also recorded a surplus with New Zealand ($0.7 billion).
FURTHER INFORMATION
Further information and longer time series for both calendar and financial year data by partner country can be obtained by contacting Kevin Yeadon on Canberra 02 6252 6255, or fax 02 6252 8003, or email at k.yeadon@abs.gov.au.
TABLE F1: INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By Selected Countries - 2003-04 |
|  |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on
services | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 110 | 144 | np | 34 | np | -34 | np | -17 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -20 | 31 | np | 16 | np | -51 | np | -14 | np | |
| Canada | 75 | 453 | np | 342 | np | -378 | -72 | -258 | -48 | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -178 | 42 | - | 4 | 38 | -220 | - | -29 | -191 | |
| Chile | -52 | 12 | np | 8 | np | -64 | np | -42 | np | |
| China, People's Republic of | 305 | 1,187 | 154 | 884 | 149 | -881 | -382 | -423 | -76 | |
| Fiji | -288 | 129 | np | 76 | np | -417 | np | -247 | np | |
| France | -148 | 417 | 86 | 210 | 121 | -565 | np | -333 | np | |
| Germany | -375 | 817 | 239 | 489 | 89 | -1,192 | -764 | -202 | -226 | |
| Greece | -118 | 69 | - | 21 | 48 | -187 | -12 | -165 | -10 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -306 | 1,280 | 268 | 641 | 371 | -1,587 | -675 | -500 | -411 | |
| India | 531 | 564 | np | 451 | np | -33 | -7 | - | -26 | |
| Indonesia | 488 | 999 | 96 | 789 | 114 | -511 | -200 | -259 | -52 | |
| Ireland, Republic of | 66 | 388 | - | 189 | 199 | -323 | np | -168 | np | |
| Italy | -279 | 217 | np | 165 | np | -496 | - | -455 | -41 | |
| Japan | 1,307 | 3,308 | 961 | 2,040 | 307 | -2,001 | -1,165 | -333 | -503 | |
| Korea, Republic of | 503 | 891 | 101 | 758 | 32 | -388 | -183 | -65 | -140 | |
| Malaysia | 284 | 972 | np | 754 | np | -688 | -349 | -302 | -38 | |
| Mexico | -29 | 10 | - | 10 | - | -40 | - | -35 | -4 | |
| Netherlands | -181 | 388 | 95 | 175 | 118 | -569 | np | -83 | np | |
| New Zealand | 716 | 2,440 | np | 1,462 | np | -1,723 | -446 | -1,036 | -241 | |
| Norway | 30 | 119 | 64 | 47 | 8 | -89 | -38 | - | -51 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 150 | 309 | 63 | 87 | 159 | -159 | np | -100 | np | |
| Peru | 10 | 38 | - | 37 | 1 | -28 | - | -28 | - | |
| Philippines | -86 | 119 | - | 80 | 39 | -205 | - | -133 | -72 | |
| Russian Federation | 6 | 61 | - | 53 | 8 | -56 | - | -51 | -4 | |
| Singapore | -381 | 2,204 | 765 | 849 | 590 | -2,585 | -1,891 | -374 | -320 | |
| South Africa | 36 | 231 | np | 83 | np | -195 | -82 | -105 | -9 | |
| Sweden | 122 | 193 | - | 156 | 37 | -71 | - | -39 | -32 | |
| Switzerland | -559 | 384 | 126 | 179 | 79 | -943 | -627 | -74 | -242 | |
| Taiwan | 203 | 426 | 30 | 378 | 18 | -223 | np | -99 | np | |
| Thailand | -333 | 489 | np | 392 | np | -822 | -324 | -471 | -27 | |
| United Kingdom | 170 | 3,871 | 736 | 2,133 | 1,002 | -3,701 | -859 | -1,635 | -1,206 | |
| United States of America | -1,709 | 4,472 | 601 | 1,424 | 2,447 | -6,182 | -663 | -1,562 | -3,957 | |
| Viet Nam | -166 | 204 | - | 144 | 60 | -370 | np | -303 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -212 | 238 | np | 155 | np | -450 | -26 | -413 | -10 | |
| America n.e.s. | -24 | 160 | np | 136 | np | -185 | -42 | -81 | -62 | |
| Asia n.e.s. | -682 | 1,474 | np | 527 | np | -2,156 | -1,195 | -595 | -366 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -557 | 989 | 303 | 549 | 137 | -1,545 | -628 | -799 | -118 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -130 | 263 | 38 | 142 | 83 | -393 | -86 | -280 | -27 | |
| Unallocated and confidential | 1,409 | 2,958 | 2,887 | 40 | 2,982 | -1,549 | -919 | -29 | -1,970 | |
| Total all countries | -294 | 33,958 | 7,613 | 17,108 | 9,237 | -34,252 | -11,634 | -12,136 | -10,482 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
TABLE F2: INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By Selected Countries - 2002-03 |
| |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on
services | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 100 | 141 | np | 38 | np | -41 | np | -20 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -26 | 27 | np | 11 | np | -53 | np | -11 | np | |
| Canada | -11 | 401 | np | 311 | np | -412 | -73 | -267 | -73 | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -239 | 14 | np | 4 | np | -252 | - | -37 | -215 | |
| Chile | -59 | 10 | np | 7 | np | -70 | -17 | -42 | -11 | |
| China, People's Republic of | 54 | 977 | 123 | 732 | 122 | -923 | -366 | -350 | -208 | |
| Fiji | -254 | 131 | 41 | 69 | 21 | -385 | -67 | -215 | -103 | |
| France | -154 | 384 | np | 177 | np | -538 | np | -320 | np | |
| Germany | -415 | 761 | 220 | 464 | 77 | -1,175 | -747 | -205 | -223 | |
| Greece | -148 | 54 | np | 17 | np | -202 | -37 | -156 | -9 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -345 | 1,319 | 227 | 603 | 489 | -1,664 | -586 | -447 | -631 | |
| India(a) | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
| Indonesia | 449 | 972 | 131 | 697 | 144 | -523 | -241 | -214 | -69 | |
| Ireland, Republic of | 93 | 318 | - | 167 | 151 | -225 | np | -158 | np | |
| Italy | -194 | 251 | np | 157 | np | -446 | np | -407 | np | |
| Japan | 1,481 | 3,369 | 1,068 | 1,912 | 389 | -1,888 | -1,044 | -326 | -518 | |
| Korea, Republic of | 428 | 837 | 120 | 675 | 42 | -409 | -190 | -69 | -150 | |
| Malaysia | 197 | 889 | 97 | 634 | 158 | -692 | -372 | -258 | -62 | |
| Mexico | -25 | 14 | - | 12 | 2 | -39 | - | -36 | -2 | |
| Netherlands | -275 | 283 | np | 182 | np | -558 | np | -92 | np | |
| New Zealand | 494 | 2,303 | np | 1,248 | np | -1,809 | -535 | -913 | -361 | |
| Norway(b) | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
| Papua New Guinea | 120 | 289 | np | 81 | np | -169 | np | -105 | np | |
| Peru | 15 | 33 | - | 33 | - | -18 | - | -18 | - | |
| Philippines | -53 | 129 | - | 68 | 61 | -181 | - | -115 | -66 | |
| Russian Federation | -6 | 45 | np | 39 | np | -52 | - | -48 | -4 | |
| Singapore | -284 | 2,166 | np | 802 | np | -2,450 | -1,943 | -322 | -185 | |
| South Africa | -55 | 236 | np | 110 | np | -291 | np | -189 | np | |
| Sweden | 90 | 177 | np | 142 | np | -86 | np | -42 | np | |
| Switzerland | -608 | 388 | np | 168 | np | -996 | -692 | -74 | -231 | |
| Taiwan | 179 | 352 | 30 | 306 | 16 | -173 | np | -95 | np | |
| Thailand | -332 | 479 | np | 352 | np | -812 | -300 | -482 | -29 | |
| United Kingdom | 43 | 3,732 | 781 | 1,964 | 987 | -3,689 | -940 | -1,527 | -1,221 | |
| United States of America | -1,367 | 4,774 | 753 | 1,387 | 2,634 | -6,141 | -656 | -1,390 | -4,095 | |
| Viet Nam | -136 | 200 | np | 112 | np | -336 | np | -266 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -149 | 129 | np | 88 | np | -278 | -21 | -234 | -23 | |
| America n.e.s. | -14 | 155 | np | 120 | np | -169 | np | -89 | np | |
| Asia n.e.s. | 202 | 1,853 | np | 852 | np | -1,650 | -825 | -471 | -355 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -184 | 939 | 277 | 535 | 128 | -1,123 | -250 | -699 | -174 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -118 | 229 | 35 | 125 | 69 | -346 | -27 | -272 | -48 | |
| Unallocated and confidential | 1,104 | 2,731 | 3,555 | 52 | 4,093 | -1,627 | -1,033 | -31 | -1,854 | |
| Total all countries | -398 | 32,493 | 7,458 | 15,452 | 9,583 | -32,891 | -10,960 | -11,012 | -10,919 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| na not available |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
| (a) Included in Asia n.e.s. |
| (b) Included in Europe n.e.s. |
TABLE F3: INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By Selected Countries - 2001-02 |
| |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on
services | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | Total
services | Trans-
portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 79 | 115 | np | 39 | np | -36 | np | -16 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -8 | 34 | np | 14 | np | -42 | np | -10 | np | |
| Canada | 31 | 418 | 50 | 336 | 32 | -387 | -81 | -250 | -56 | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -236 | 24 | - | 5 | 19 | -260 | np | -29 | np | |
| Chile | -59 | 16 | np | 9 | np | -76 | -22 | -24 | -30 | |
| China, People's Republic of | 114 | 921 | 74 | 717 | 130 | -808 | -308 | -350 | -150 | |
| Fiji | -212 | 114 | np | 69 | np | -326 | -60 | -186 | -81 | |
| France | -62 | 357 | np | 201 | np | -419 | -45 | -281 | -93 | |
| Germany | -471 | 803 | 235 | 485 | 83 | -1,274 | -814 | -213 | -248 | |
| Greece | -218 | 61 | np | 27 | np | -278 | -77 | -175 | -26 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -548 | 1,421 | 290 | 595 | 536 | -1,968 | -561 | -533 | -875 | |
| India(a) | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
| Indonesia | 352 | 986 | 168 | 665 | 153 | -634 | -299 | -270 | -65 | |
| Ireland, Republic of | -32 | 220 | - | 180 | 40 | -252 | -19 | -166 | -67 | |
| Italy | -219 | 238 | np | 157 | np | -457 | -30 | -406 | -21 | |
| Japan | 1,678 | 3,465 | 1,129 | 1,962 | 374 | -1,787 | -890 | -314 | -583 | |
| Korea, Republic of | 513 | 815 | 127 | 629 | 59 | -302 | -151 | -67 | -83 | |
| Malaysia | 50 | 839 | 102 | 629 | 108 | -790 | -459 | -284 | -47 | |
| Mexico | -22 | 13 | np | 11 | np | -35 | - | -32 | -3 | |
| Netherlands | -126 | 271 | 14 | 194 | 63 | -398 | -74 | -67 | -257 | |
| New Zealand | 546 | 2,195 | 484 | 1,270 | 441 | -1,649 | -496 | -883 | -270 | |
| Norway(b) | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
| Papua New Guinea | 193 | 355 | np | 97 | np | -162 | -14 | -93 | -55 | |
| Peru | 14 | 33 | np | 32 | np | -18 | - | -18 | - | |
| Philippines | -28 | 141 | - | 74 | 67 | -169 | -5 | -122 | -42 | |
| Russian Federation | -66 | 63 | np | 47 | np | -130 | -84 | -39 | -7 | |
| Singapore | -117 | 2,252 | 910 | 855 | 487 | -2,369 | -1,771 | -418 | -180 | |
| South Africa | -46 | 183 | np | 129 | np | -229 | -55 | -152 | -22 | |
| Sweden | 108 | 181 | - | 136 | 45 | -73 | np | -33 | np | |
| Switzerland | -628 | 384 | np | 177 | np | -1,012 | -760 | -58 | -193 | |
| Taiwan | 251 | 379 | 34 | 329 | 16 | -129 | -27 | -98 | -4 | |
| Thailand | -322 | 472 | np | 350 | np | -794 | -250 | -520 | -24 | |
| United Kingdom | 46 | 3,602 | 731 | 1,973 | 898 | -3,556 | -811 | -1,512 | -1,233 | |
| United States of America | -1,523 | 4,687 | 735 | 1,435 | 2,517 | -6,211 | -816 | -1,323 | -4,072 | |
| Viet Nam | -111 | 156 | - | 104 | 52 | -267 | np | -215 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -159 | 175 | np | 97 | np | -334 | -51 | -240 | -43 | |
| America n.e.s. | -11 | 136 | 11 | 115 | 10 | -147 | -24 | -77 | -46 | |
| Asia n.e.s. | 312 | 1,803 | 280 | 816 | 707 | -1,492 | -534 | -425 | -533 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -273 | 918 | 265 | 523 | 130 | -1,190 | -296 | -730 | -165 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -82 | 228 | 49 | 125 | 54 | -311 | -34 | -258 | -18 | |
| Unallocated and confidential | 913 | 2,773 | 1,977 | 37 | 1,915 | -1,860 | -861 | -31 | -1,345 | |
| Total all countries | -381 | 32,250 | 7,665 | 15,645 | 8,940 | -32,631 | -10,776 | -10,918 | -10,937 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| na not available |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
| (a) Included in Asia n.e.s. |
| (b) Included in Europe n.e.s. |
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