4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 1999  
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 24/06/1999   
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Health


HEALTH STATUS

Life expectancy at birth

Country
Reference year
Infant mortality rate(a)
Reference year
Males
Females
no.
years
years

Australia
1995
5.7
1994
75.0
80.9
Canada
1994
6.3
1992
74.6
80.9
China(b)
1990-95
44.4
1990
66.9
70.5
France
1996
4.9
1993
73.3
81.4
Greece
1996
8.1
1995
75.0
80.2
Hong Kong
1995
4.6
1995
76.0
81.5
Indonesia
1990-95
58.1
1990-95
61.0
64.5
Italy
1995
6.1
1993
74.1
80.5
Japan
1995
4.3
1995
76.4
82.9
Korea (Republic of)
1990-95
11.0
1991
67.7
75.7
Malaysia
1990-95
13.0
1990-95
68.7
73.0
New Zealand
1995
6.7
1992-94
73.4
79.1
Papua New Guinea
1990-95
68.3
1990-95
55.2
56.7
Singapore
1996
3.8
1996
74.4
78.9
Sweden
1996
3.5
1994
76.1
81.4
United Kingdom
1996
6.1
1995
74.1
79.3
United States of America
1995
7.5
1994
72.4
79.0
Viet Nam
1990-95
42.0
1979
63.7
67.9

(a) Per 1,000 live births.
(b) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Source: United Nations 1996 Demographic Yearbook.

STANDARDISED DEATH RATES(a) FOR SELECTED CAUSES OF DEATH

Country
Reference year
Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebro- vascular disease (stroke)
Motor vehicle traffic accidents
Suicide and self-inflicted injury(b)
All causes
no.
no.
no.
no.
no.
no.

Australia
1994
126.2
95.8
37.2
10.0
11.2
440.6
Canada
1995
126.1
81.4
26.2
9.8
11.6
428.8
China (rural)(c)
1994
111.9
26.5
110.2
13.8
25.8
698.7
China (urban)(c)
1994
119.4
57.6
125.0
10.1
5.9
594.7
France
1994
130.8
33.2
26.7
12.9
15.8
423.9
Greece
1995
109.4
57.5
69.2
19.8
2.7
449.0
Hong Kong
1994
125.9
40.0
39.8
4.5
10.3
392.9
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Italy
1993
133.7
55.0
48.5
12.4
5.8
450.0
Japan
1994
106.2
21.7
44.5
8.9
12.2
364.0
Korea (Republic of)(d)
1995
123.1
14.6
90.9
36.2
9.8
585.8
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
New Zealand
1993
142.2
119.7
44.0
16.8
11.7
509.9
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Singapore
1995
130.8
96.7
57.0
7.6
12.0
517.7
Sweden
1995
106.6
94.1
34.7
4.9
11.8
408.6
United Kingdom
1995
137.1
112.2
43.1
5.6
6.2
495.8
United States of America
1994
130.8
96.1
28.4
14.9
10.3
521.9
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.

(a) Standardised death rates are the overall death rates per 100,000 population that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population being studied. The standard population used in this table is the World Health Organisation world standard population. Standardised death rates for Australia presented in the Health chapter of this publication or elsewhere in ABS publications are not comparable owing to the use of a different standard population and different reference periods.
(b) It is generally acknowledged that suicides are under-reported as a cause of death. The degree of under-reporting varies from country to country, partly for social and cultural reasons, but also because of differences in legal requirements and administrative procedures in arriving at a verdict of suicide.
(c) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.
(d) Causes of death have been coded to the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10). For all other countries, causes of death have been coded to the ninth edition (ICD9).

Source: World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1996; World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1995.

HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPENDITURE

Reference year
Health expenditure
as % of GDP
Health expenditure per capita at PPP(a)
Reference year
Doctors per 1,000 population
Reference year
Acute hospital beds per 1,000 population
Country
%
$US '000
no.
no.

Australia
1997
8.3
1.8
1996
2.5
1996
4.1
Canada
1997
9.3
2.1
1996
2.1
1993
3.6
China(b)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
France
1997
9.9
2.1
1996
2.9
1996
4.5
Greece
1997
7.1
1.0
1995
3.9
1992
3.9
Hong Kong
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Italy
1997
7.6
1.6
1996
5.5
1995
5.1
Japan
1997
7.3
1.7
1994
1.8
. .
n.a.
Korea (Republic of)
1997
4.0
0.6
1995
1.1
1996
4.0
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
New Zealand
1997
7.6
1.4
1996
2.1
1991
7.1
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Singapore
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Sweden
1997
8.6
1.7
1996
3.1
1996
2.8
United Kingdom
1997
6.7
1.3
1994
1.6
1996
2.0
United States of America
1997
14.0
4.1
1996
2.6
1995
3.4
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.

(a) PPP (purchasing power parities) are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between countries.
(b) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1998, OECD Health Data 98: a comparative analysis of 29 countries, Paris: OECD.



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