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Age-specific death rates

Age-specific death rates are the number of deaths (occurred or registered) during the calendar year at a specified age per 1,000 of the estimated resident population of the same age at 30 June. The infant mortality rate is used for the age-specific death rate for children under one year of age. Pro rata adjustment is made in respect of deaths for which the age of deceased is not given.

Age-specific divorce rates

Age-specific divorce rates are the number of divorces recorded in the calendar year, by age at decree made absolute, per 1,000 of the estimated resident population of the same age at 30 June. Males under 18 and females under 16 are excluded from the population.

Age-specific fertility rates

Age-specific fertility rates are the number of live births (occurred or registered) during the calendar year, according to the age of mother, per 1,000 of the female resident population of the same age at 30 June. For calculating these rates, births to mothers aged under 15 years are included in the 15-19 years age group, and births to mothers aged 50 years and over are included in the 45-49 years age group. Pro rata adjustment is made for births for which the age of mother is not given.

Age-specific marriage rates

Age-specific marriage rates are the number of marriages of men or women registered in a calendar year, by age at marriage, per 1,000 of the estimated resident population in the same age at 30 June. Males and females aged under 15 are excluded from the population.

Birth

The delivery of a child, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, who, after being born, breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as a heartbeat.

Category jumping

Category jumping is the term used to describe changes in travel intentions from short-term to long-term/permanent or vice versa. Category jumping consists of two components-an Australian resident component and an overseas visitor component. The Australian resident component of category jumping for a reference quarter is estimated by comparing the number of residents departing short-term in that quarter with all residents who left in that quarter and return in the following 12 months, to obtain the net number of Australian residents who jump category. Similarly, the number of overseas visitors arriving short-term in a quarter is compared with all overseas visitors who arrived in that quarter and depart in the following 12 months, to obtain the net number of overseas visitors who jump category. Estimates of category jumping are derived by subtracting the Australian resident component from the overseas visitor component.

Category of movement

Overseas arrivals and departures are classified according to length of stay (in Australia or overseas), recorded in months and days by travellers on passenger cards. There are three main categories of movement:

*permanent movements;
*long-term movements (one year or more); and
*short-term movements (less than one year).
A significant number of travellers (i.e. overseas visitors to Australia on arrival and Australian residents going abroad) state exactly 12 months or one year as their intended period of stay. Many of them stay for less than that period and on their departure from, or return to, Australia are therefore classified as short-term.
Accordingly, in an attempt to maintain consistency between arrivals and departures, movements of travellers who report their actual or intended period of stay as being one year exactly are randomly allocated to long-term or short-term in proportion to the number of movements of travellers who report their actual length of stay as up to one month more, or one month less, than one year.

Children (divorce collection)

Children in the divorce collection are unmarried children of the marriage who were aged under 18 years at the time of application for divorce. Under the Family Law Act 1975, these may include (in certain cases) adopted and exnuptial children and children from a former marriage. Children who are married or aged 18 years or more are not subject to custody and guardianship orders and are excluded.

Children (marriage collection)

Children in the marriage collection refer to persons under 16 years of age born from previous marriages. The term children should not be confused with the term previous births used in births data (see Previous births).

Confinement

A pregnancy which results in at least one live birth.

Crude birth rate

The crude birth rate is the number of live births registered during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June of that year. For years prior to 1992, the crude birth rate was based on the mean estimated resident population for the calendar year.

Crude death rate

The crude death rate is the number of deaths registered during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June of that year. For years prior to 1992, the crude death rate was based on the mean estimated resident population for the calendar year.

Crude divorce rate

The crude divorce rate is the number of decrees absolute granted during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June of that year. For years prior to 1992, the crude divorce rate was based on the mean estimated resident population for the calendar year. In the interpretation of this rate, it must be kept in mind that a large and varying proportion of the population used in the denominator is unmarried or below the minimum age of marriage.

Crude marriage rate

The crude marriage rate is the number of marriages registered during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June of that year. For years prior to 1992, the crude marriage rate was based on the mean estimated resident population for the calendar year. In the interpretation of this rate, it must be kept in mind that a large and varying proportion of the population used in the denominator is below the minimum age of marriage or is already married.

Date of final separation

The date of final separation is the date, given on the application for divorce, from which the period of living apart is calculated for the purpose of establishing grounds for divorce. In determining the date of final separation, a single period of resumed cohabitation of less than three months may be ignored, provided the periods of living apart before and after resumed cohabitation amount to a total of 12 months or more.

Divorce

Decree absolute of dissolution of marriage.

Duration of marriage

Duration of marriage is the interval measured in completed years between the date of marriage and the date of divorce.

Duration of marriage until separation

Duration of marriage until separation is the interval measured in completed years between the date of marriage and the date of separation.

Estimated resident population

The official measure of the population of Australia is based on the concept of residence. It refers to all people, regardless of nationality or citizenship, who usually live in Australia, with the exception of foreign diplomatic personnel and their families. It includes usual residents who are overseas for less than 12 months. It excludes overseas visitors who are in Australia for less than 12 months. For further information see paragraphs 4 to 7 of the Explanatory Notes.

Exnuptial birth

An exnuptial birth is the birth of a child whose parents are not legally married to each other at the time of birth.

Fetal death

The delivery of a child weighing at least 400 grams (or of at least 20 weeks gestation, if birthweight is unavailable) who did not, at any time after delivery, breathe or show any other evidence of life such as a heartbeat.

Fetal death rate

The fetal death rate is the number of fetal deaths per 1,000 live births where birthweight is at least 400 grams (or of at least 20 weeks gestation, if birthweight is unavailable) plus fetal deaths.

First marriage rates

First marriage rates are the number of men and women marrying for the first time during the calendar year, per 1,000 population of never married men and women aged 15 years and over at 30 June.

Household

A household is a group of two or more related or unrelated people who usually reside in the same dwelling, who regard themselves as a household and who make common provision for food or other essentials for living; or a person living in a dwelling who makes provision for his or her own food and other essentials for living without combining with any other person. Households include group households of unrelated persons, same-sex couple households, single parent households as well as one-person households. A household usually resides in a private dwelling (including caravans etc. in caravan parks). Persons usually resident in non-private dwellings, such as hotels, motels, boarding houses, jails and hospitals are not included in household estimates.
This definition of a household is consistent with the definition used in the Census. The number of households can be either based on count or estimated resident population.

Indigenous birth

The birth of a live-born child where either the mother or the father was identified as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin on the birth registration form. Indigenous births in Indigenous population estimates/projections are those which result by applying assumed age-specific fertility rates to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers in reproductive ages.

Indigenous death

The death of a person who is identified as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin on the death registration form.

Indigenous origin

Persons who identify as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Infant death

An infant death is the death of a live-born child who dies before completing his or her first birthday.

Infant mortality rate

The number of deaths of children under one year of age in a calendar year per 1,000 live births in the same calendar year.

Intercensal discrepancy

Intercensal discrepancy is the difference between two estimates of a census year population, the first is based on the latest census and the second arrived at by updating the previous census date estimate with intercensal components of population change which take account of information available from the latest census. It is caused by errors in the start and/or finish population estimates and/or in estimates of births, deaths or migration in the intervening period which cannot be attributed to a particular source.

Life expectancy

Life expectancy refers to the average number of additional years a person of a given age and sex might expect to live if the age-specific death rates of the given period continued throughout his or her lifetime.

Long-term arrivals

Long-term arrivals comprise:

• overseas visitors who intend to stay in Australia for 12 months or more (but not permanently); and
• Australian residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more overseas.

• Australian residents who intend to stay abroad for 12 months or more (but not permanently); and
• overseas visitors departing who stayed 12 months or more in Australia.

• travellers who hold migrant visas (regardless of stated intended period of stay);
• New Zealand citizens who indicate an intention to settle; and
• those who are otherwise eligible to settle (e.g. overseas-born children of Australian citizens).

• The direct method-this is used when the populations under study are large and the age-specific death rates are reliable. It is the overall death rate that would have prevailed in the standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population under study. The direct method is used for comparing States and Territory and Australia rates; and

• The indirect method-this is used when the populations under study are small and the age-specific death rates are unreliable or not known. It is an adjustment to the crude death rate of the standard population to account for the variation between the actual number of deaths in the population under study and the number of deaths which would have occurred if the population under study had experienced the age-specific death rates of the standard population. The indirect method is used for comparison of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rates and Statistical Local Area rates.

• the population (estimated resident population);
• the mother (birth collection); or
• the deceased (death collection).